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In the history of logic, the term ''logica nova'' (Latin, meaning "new logic") refers to a subdivision of the logical tradition of
Western Europe Western Europe is the western region of Europe. The region's countries and territories vary depending on context. The concept of "the West" appeared in Europe in juxtaposition to "the East" and originally applied to the ancient Mediterranean ...
, as it existed around the middle of the twelfth century. The ''Logica vetus'' ("old logic") referred to works of Aristotle that had long been known and studied in the Latin West, whereas the ''Logica nova'' referred to forms of logic derived from Aristotle's works which had been unavailable until they were translated by
James of Venice James of Venice was a Catholic cleric and significant translator of Aristotle of the twelfth century. He has been called "the first systematic translator of Aristotle since Boethius." Not much is otherwise known about him. He was active in particu ...
in the 12th century. Study of the ''Logica nova'' was part of the Renaissance of the 12th century.


Overview

The division of works was as follows: *''Logica vetus'' (sometimes ''ars vetus'') **The '' Categories'' **The ''
De Interpretatione ''De Interpretatione'' or ''On Interpretation'' (Greek: Περὶ Ἑρμηνείας, ''Peri Hermeneias'') is the second text from Aristotle's ''Organon'' and is among the earliest surviving philosophical works in the Western tradition to deal ...
'' **The ''
Isagoge The ''Isagoge'' ( el, Εἰσαγωγή, ''Eisagōgḗ''; ) or "Introduction" to Aristotle's "Categories", written by Porphyry in Greek and translated into Latin by Boethius, was the standard textbook on logic for at least a millennium after his ...
'' of Porphyry **The ''Liber sex principiorum'', an anonymous commentary on the latter part of the ''Categories'' that has often been attributed to
Gilbert de la Porrée Gilbert de la Porrée (after 1085 – 4 September 1154), also known as Gilbert of Poitiers, Gilbertus Porretanus or Pictaviensis, was a scholastic logician and theologian and Bishop of Poitiers. Life He was born in Poitiers, and completed hi ...
*Sometimes included are works of
Boethius Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, commonly known as Boethius (; Latin: ''Boetius''; 480 – 524 AD), was a Roman senator, consul, '' magister officiorum'', historian, and philosopher of the Early Middle Ages. He was a central figure in the t ...
**The ''De topicis differentiis'' **The ''De divisione'' **The ''De syllogismis categoricis'' **The ''De syllogismis hypotheticis''. These works, excluding the ''Liber sex principiorum'', were already canonical in the time of Abelard. He wrote his so-called ''Logica Ingredientibus'' on the scheme of a set of seven commentaries. *''Logica nova'' **''
Prior Analytics The ''Prior Analytics'' ( grc-gre, Ἀναλυτικὰ Πρότερα; la, Analytica Priora) is a work by Aristotle on reasoning, known as his syllogistic, composed around 350 BCE. Being one of the six extant Aristotelian writings on logic ...
'' **''
Posterior Analytics The ''Posterior Analytics'' ( grc-gre, Ἀναλυτικὰ Ὕστερα; la, Analytica Posteriora) is a text from Aristotle's ''Organon'' that deals with demonstration, definition, and scientific knowledge. The demonstration is distinguish ...
'' **''
Topics Topic, topics, TOPIC, topical, or topicality may refer to: Topic / Topics * Topić, a Slavic surname * ''Topics'' (Aristotle), a work by Aristotle * Topic (chocolate bar), a brand of confectionery bar * Topic (DJ), German musician * Topic (g ...
'' **'' Sophismata.'' The advent of the ''logica nova'' was the result of new Latin translations, particularly by
James of Venice James of Venice was a Catholic cleric and significant translator of Aristotle of the twelfth century. He has been called "the first systematic translator of Aristotle since Boethius." Not much is otherwise known about him. He was active in particu ...
. The combination of the two logics was termed the ''logica antiquorum'' (logic of the ancients). Restricting just to the works of Aristotle, the whole ''
Organon The ''Organon'' ( grc, Ὄργανον, meaning "instrument, tool, organ") is the standard collection of Aristotle's six works on logical analysis and dialectic. The name ''Organon'' was given by Aristotle's followers, the Peripatetics. The si ...
'' of six works was split by the historical accidents of transmission into two books in the ''logica vetus'', and four in the ''logica nova''. Some of the religious orders organized special ''studia'' for the formation of their members dedicated to the study of the new logic. For example, after the theology component of the ''studium provinciale'' of the
Dominican Order The Order of Preachers ( la, Ordo Praedicatorum) abbreviated OP, also known as the Dominicans, is a Catholic mendicant order of Pontifical Right for men founded in Toulouse, France, by the Spanish priest, saint and mystic Dominic of C ...
at the Roman convent of
Santa Sabina The Basilica of Saint Sabina ( la, Basilica Sanctae Sabinae, it, Basilica di Santa Sabina all'Aventino) is a historic church on the Aventine Hill in Rome, Italy. It is a titular minor basilica and mother church of the Roman Catholic Order of P ...
was transferred in 1288 to the convent of Santa Maria sopra Minerva, which would develop into the College of Saint Thomas in the 15th century and into the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, ''Angelicum'', the Santa Sabina ''studium'' was redesignated in 1291 as one of three ''studia nove logice'' of the Order. These ''studia'' were intended to offer courses of advanced logic covering the logica nova, the Aristotelian texts recovered in the West only in the second half of the 12th century, the ''Topics'', ''Sophistical Refutations'', and the ''First and Second Analytics'' of Aristotle. This was an advance over the ''logica antiqua'', which treated the ''Isagoge of Porphyry'', ''Divisions'' and ''Topics'' of Boethius, the ''Categories'' and ''On Interpretation'' of Aristotle, and the ''Summule logicales'' of Peter of Spain. Milone da Velletri was lector there in 1293 In 1310 the Florentine Giovanni dei Tornaquinci was lector there. In 1331 Nerius de Tertia was lector, and Giovanni Zocco da Spoleto was a student of logic there. Another usage for ''logica nova'' is for the later theories of Ramón Lull. The ''logica parva'' refers to an important textbook of Paul of Venice. The terminology had some currency at least until the seventeenth century, and Johannes Clauberg's ''Logica vetus et nova'' (1654).


See also

*
Latin translations of the 12th century Latin translations of the 12th century were spurred by a major search by European scholars for new learning unavailable in western Europe at the time; their search led them to areas of southern Europe, particularly in central Spain and Sicily, w ...
*
Term logic In philosophy, term logic, also known as traditional logic, syllogistic logic or Aristotelian logic, is a loose name for an approach to formal logic that began with Aristotle and was developed further in ancient history mostly by his followers, t ...


Notes

{{reflist History of logic