These are lists of

incumbent The incumbent is the current holder of an office or position, usually in relation to an election. In an election for president, the incumbent is the person holding or acting in the office of president before the election, whether seeking re-ele ...

s (individuals holding offices or positions), including

heads of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and ...

s or of

subnational entities Administrative division, administrative unit,Article 3(1). country subdivision, administrative region, subnational entity, constituent state, as well as many similar terms, are generic names for geographical areas into which a particular, ind ...

. A historical discipline, archontology, focuses on the study of past and current office holders. Incumbents may also be found in the countries' articles ( main article and " Politics of") and the list of national leaders, recent changes in

2020 in politics and government Events pertaining to world affairs in 2020, national politics, public policy, government, world economics, and international business, that took place in various nations, regions, organizations, around the world in 2020. January * January 1 ** ...

, and past leaders on State leaders by year and

Colonial governors by year These are lists of territorial governors by century and by year, such as the administrators of colonies, protectorates, or other Dependent territory, dependencies. Where applicable, native rulers are also listed. For the purposes of these lists, a ...

. Various articles group lists by title, function or topic: e.g.

abdication Abdication is the act of formally relinquishing monarchical authority. Abdications have played various roles in the succession procedures of monarchies. While some cultures have viewed abdication as an extreme abandonment of duty, in other societ ...

, assassinated persons,

cabinet (government) A cabinet is a body of high-ranking state officials, typically consisting of the executive branch's top leaders. Members of a cabinet are usually called cabinet ministers or secretaries. The function of a cabinet varies: in some countr ...

, chancellor, ex-monarchs (20th century),

head of government The head of government is the highest or the second-highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, a gro ...

head of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and l ...

, lieutenant governor,

mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well a ...

, military commanders, minister (and

ministers by portfolio Minister may refer to: * Minister (Christianity), a Christian cleric ** Minister (Catholic Church) * Minister (government), a member of government who heads a ministry (government department) ** Minister without portfolio, a member of government w ...

below),

order of precedence An order of precedence is a sequential hierarchy of nominal importance and can be applied to individuals, groups, or organizations. Most often it is used in the context of people by many organizations and governments, for very formal and state o ...

, peerage,

president President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...

prime minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister i ...

, Reichstag participants (1792), secretary of state.

Heads of international organizations

* President of the European Council * President of the European Commission *

United Nations Secretary-General The secretary-general of the United Nations (UNSG or SG) is the chief administrative officer of the United Nations and head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. The role of the secretary-g ...

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is a United Nations agency mandated to aid and protect refugees, forcibly displaced communities, and stateless people, and to assist in their voluntary repatriation, local integrati ...

International Monetary Fund The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution, headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of 190 countries. Its stated mission is "working to foster globa ...

Managing Directors *

Director-General of the World Trade Organization The director-general of the World Trade Organization is the officer of the World Trade Organization (WTO) responsible for supervising and directing the organization's administrative operations. Since the World Trade Organization's decisions are ...

* NATO Secretaries General * FIFA presidents * International Olympic Committee Presidents

Heads of state or government

Africa

Eastern Africa

* Burundi:

Rulers of Burundi {{Orphan, date=March 2022 This is a list of rulers and office-holders in Burundi. Heads of state * Kings of Burundi * Presidents of Burundi *Vice-Presidents of Burundi Heads of government * Heads of government of Burundi Colonial governor ...

Comoros The Comoros,, ' officially the Union of the Comoros,; ar, الاتحاد القمري ' is an independent country made up of three islands in southeastern Africa, located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean. It ...

: ** Rulers of Comoros ** Sultans on the Comoros *

Kenya ) , national_anthem = "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"() , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Nairobi , coordinates = , largest_city = Nairobi , ...

: Rulers of Kenya *

Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...

: Rulers of Madagascar ** Monarchs of Madagascar (until 1897) ** Colonial Heads of Madagascar ** List of presidents of Madagascar *

Malawi Malawi (; or aláwi Tumbuka: ''Malaŵi''), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeas ...

(former Nyasaland, former

British Central Africa Protectorate The British Central Africa Protectorate (BCA) was a British protectorate proclaimed in 1889 and ratified in 1891 that occupied the same area as present-day Malawi: it was renamed Nyasaland in 1907. British interest in the area arose from vis ...

) **

Heads of state of Malawi This is a list of the heads of state of Malawi, from the independence of Malawi in 1964 to the present day. From 1964 to 1966 the head of state under the Constitution of 1964 was the queen of Malawi, Elizabeth II, who was also the queen of the ...

** Heads of government of Malawi **

Colonial heads of Malawi (Nyasaland) List of Colonial Heads of Malawi (Nyasaland) (Dates in italics indicate ''de facto'' continuation of office) For continuation after independence, ''see: ''List of heads of state of Malawi References See also *History of Malawi *Governor-Gen ...

*** Rulers of Malawi *** Rulers of Nkamanga *** Rulers of the Ngoni Dynasty of Jere (Qeko) *** Rulers of the Ngoni Dynasty of Maseko (Gomani) *

Mauritius Mauritius ( ; french: Maurice, link=no ; mfe, label=Mauritian Creole, Moris ), officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about off the southeast coast of the African continent, east of Madagascar. It incl ...

Queen of Mauritius Elizabeth II was Queen of Mauritius as well as its head of state from 1968 to 1992 when Mauritius was an independent sovereign state and a constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth of Nations. She was also the monarch of other Commonwealth ...

** Presidents of Mauritius **

Governors-General of Mauritius Governor-general (plural ''governors-general''), or governor general (plural ''governors general''), is the title of an office-holder. In the context of governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general are appointed as viceroy t ...

Prime Ministers of Mauritius The prime minister of Mauritius (french: link=no, Premier Ministre de Maurice) is the head of government of Mauritius. He presides over the Cabinet of Ministers, which advises the president of the country and is collectively responsible to the ...

Mozambique Mozambique (), officially the Republic of Mozambique ( pt, Moçambique or , ; ny, Mozambiki; sw, Msumbiji; ts, Muzambhiki), is a country located in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi ...

** Heads of state of Mozambique ** Heads of government of Mozambique ** Heads of National Resistance Government of Mozambique ** Colonial heads of Mozambique *** Colonial heads of Delagoa Bay *

Rwanda Rwanda (; rw, u Rwanda ), officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of Central Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator ...

** Kings of Rwanda **

Presidents of Rwanda President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese fu ...

Prime Ministers of Rwanda This article lists the prime ministers of Rwanda since the formation of the post in 1961 (during the Rwandan Revolution), to the present day. The prime minister of Rwanda is the head of government of the Republic of Rwanda. The prime minister ...

Seychelles Seychelles (, ; ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (french: link=no, République des Seychelles; Creole: ''La Repiblik Sesel''), is an archipelagic state consisting of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city, V ...

** Presidents of Seychelles *

Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands and ...

** Presidents of Tanzania ** Prime Ministers of Tanzania **

Presidents of Zanzibar The President of Zanzibar ( sw, Rais wa Zanzibar) is the head of the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar, which is a semi-autonomous government within Tanzania. The current president is Hussein Mwinyi. The president is also the chairman of the ...

** Prime Ministers of Zanzibar *** Governors-General of Tanganyika *** Presidents of Tanganyika ***

Sultans of Zanzibar The sultans of Zanzibar ( ar, سلاطين زنجبار) were the rulers of the Sultanate of Zanzibar, which was created on 19 October 1856 after the death of Said bin Sultan, who had ruled Oman and Zanzibar as the sultan of Oman since 1804. Th ...

Uganda }), is a landlocked country in East Africa East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territor ...

** Governors-General of Uganda ** Presidents of Uganda **

Prime Ministers of Uganda The prime minister of Uganda chairs the Cabinet of Uganda, although the president is the effective head of government. Robinah Nabbanja has been the prime minister since 21 June 2021. The post of Prime Minister was created for the first time in ...

** Kings of Nkole **Kings of Buganda *

Zambia Zambia (), officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central Africa, Central, Southern Africa, Southern and East Africa, although it is typically referred to as being in Southern Africa at its most cent ...

** Presidents of Zambia *

Zimbabwe Zimbabwe (), officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in Southeast Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the south-west, Zambia to the north, and Mozam ...

** Munhumutapa emperors ** Prime Ministers of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland **

Prime Ministers of Rhodesia A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways ...

** Presidents of Rhodesia **

Presidents of Zimbabwe President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese fu ...

Horn of Africa

Djibouti Djibouti, ar, جيبوتي ', french: link=no, Djibouti, so, Jabuuti officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Somalia to the south, Ethiopia to the southwest, Eritrea in the north, and the Red ...

Rulers of Djibouti This is a list of rulers and office-holders of Djibouti. Heads of state *Heads of state of Djibouti Heads of government *Heads of government of Djibouti Colonial governors *Colonial heads of Djibouti (French Somaliland) (Afars and Issas) ...

Eritrea Eritrea ( ; ti, ኤርትራ, Ertra, ; ar, إرتريا, ʾIritriyā), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of Eastern Africa, with its capital and largest city at Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia ...

: Rulers of Eritrea *

Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...

Rulers of Ethiopia This is a list of rulers and office-holders of Ethiopia. Heads of state *Emperors of Ethiopia *Presidents of Ethiopia Heads of government *Heads of government of Ethiopia Heads of subdivisions *Rulers of Bosha *Rulers of the Gibe State of ...

Somalia Somalia, , Osmanya script: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; ar, الصومال, aṣ-Ṣūmāl officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe ''Federal Republic of Somalia'' is the country's name per Article 1 of thProvisional Constituti ...

: Presidents of Somalia * Somaliland: Presidents of Somaliland

Middle Africa

Angola , national_anthem = " Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...

Heads of state of Angola The following is a list of presidents of Angola since the establishment of the office in 1975. The current president is João Lourenço, who assumed the office on 26 September 2017. Presidents of Angola Timeline References Sources ...

(''see also: ''

Presidents of Angola President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese fu ...

Heads of government of Angola The following is a list of prime ministers of Angola, from the establishment of the office of prime minister in 1975. The office was abolished in the constitution of 2010. Prime ministers of Angola (1975–2010) , - style="text-align:center;" ...

(''see also: ''

Prime Minister of Angola The prime minister of Angola was a high government official in Angola re-established by Angola's 1992 constitution with limited powers as head of government. Along with the rest of the Council of Ministers, the prime minister was appointed by ...

List of current Angolan ministers The Cabinet of Angola is the chief executive body of the Republic of Angola. References External linksgoverno.gov.ao(in Portuguese) Cabinet Angolan ministers Ministers Angola , national_anthem = "Angola Avante"() , image_ ...

Colonial heads of Angola This is a list of European (Portuguese and Dutch) colonial administrators responsible for the territory of Portuguese Angola, an area equivalent to modern-day Republic of Angola. List (Dates in italics indicate ''de facto'' continuation of ...

***

Heads of state of the Democratic People's Republic of Angola (Bold italics in name indicates popular nickname) Affiliations Sources * * ''African States and Rulers'', John Stewart, McFarland * ''Heads of State and Government, 2nd Edition'', John V da Graca, MacMillan Press 2000'' See also *Angola * ...

*** Heads of government of the Democratic People's Republic of Angola *** Heads of state of Cabinda *** Heads of government of Cabinda *** Colonial and provincial heads of Cabinda *

Cameroon Cameroon (; french: Cameroun, ff, Kamerun), officially the Republic of Cameroon (french: République du Cameroun, links=no), is a country in west-central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north; Chad to the northeast; the C ...

Heads of state of Cameroon This is a list of presidents of Cameroon since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day.A total of two people have served as President of Cameroon.The current President of Cameroon is Paul Biya, since 6 November 1982. ...

** Heads of government of Cameroon ** Colonial heads of British Cameroon (Cameroons) *** Heads of government of British Cameroon (Cameroons) *** Colonial heads of French Cameroon (Cameroun) *** Heads of government of French Cameroon (Cameroun) *** Colonial heads of German Cameroon (Kamerun) *** Colonial heads of Ambas Bay (Victoria Colony) *** Rulers of Bamoun (Mum) *** Rulers of Mandara *

Central African Republic The Central African Republic (CAR; ; , RCA; , or , ) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South Sudan to the southeast, the DR Congo to the south, the Republic of th ...

** Heads of state of the Central African Republic (and Central African Empire) ** Heads of government of the Central African Republic (and Central African Empire) ** Colonial heads of Central Africa (Oubangui-Chari) *

Chad Chad (; ar, تشاد , ; french: Tchad, ), officially the Republic of Chad, '; ) is a landlocked country at the crossroads of North and Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic ...

Heads of state of Chad This is a list of heads of state of Chad since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day. A total of six people have served as head of state of Chad (not counting two Interim Heads of State). Additionally, one pers ...

Heads of government of Chad This is a list of prime ministers of Chad since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of Chad in 1978 to the present day. A total of eighteen people have served as Prime Minister of Chad (not counting one Acting Prime Minister). Additio ...

Colonial heads of Chad (Dates in ''italics'' indicate ''de facto'' continuation of office) For continuation after independence, ''see: ''President of Chad See also * Chad **Heads of state of Chad **Heads of government of Chad This is a list of prime ministers ...

*** Rulers of Baguirmi *** Rulers of Wada’i ** Kanem-Bornu emperors * Congo, Democratic Republic of the (Zaire/'Congo-Kinshasa') **

Heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo This is a list of presidents of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly the Republic of the Congo and Zaire) since the country's independence in 1960. The current President is Félix Tshisekedi, since 24 January 2019. Presidents of t ...

Heads of government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo This is a list of prime ministers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly the Republic of the Congo and Zaire) since the country's independence in 1960. The current Prime Minister is Jean-Michel Sama Lukonde, since 26 April 2021. P ...

Heads of state of the Congo Free State The Congo Free State, also known as the Independent State of the Congo (french: État indépendant du Congo), was a large state and absolute monarchy in Central Africa from 1885 to 1908. It was privately owned by and in a personal union with Leopo ...

Colonial heads of Congo This is a list of European colonial administrators responsible for the territory of the Congo Free State and Belgian Congo (today the Democratic Republic of the Congo). International Association of the Congo Prior to the creation of the Congo F ...

*** Rulers of Katanga ***

Rulers of Kuba Complete list of Kuba Kingdom The Kuba Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of the Bakuba or Bushongo, is a traditional kingdom in Central Africa. The Kuba Kingdom flourished between the 17th and 19th centuries in the region bordered by the Sanku ...

***

Rulers of Luba The Kingdom of Luba or Luba Empire (1585–1889) was a pre-colonial Central African state that arose in the marshy grasslands of the Upemba Depression in what is now southern Congo. muLopwe = ''Kings/emperors'' See also * Congo **Congo, Demo ...

***

Rulers of Ruund (Luunda) The following is a list of the Rulers of the Lunda Empire. The Lunda Empire was a pre-colonial Central African state centered in the Democratic Republic of the Congo whose sphere of influence stretched into Angola and Zambia. The Lunda were init ...

***

Rulers of Kasongo Luunda (Yaka) Kasongo Lunda is a town and seat of Kasongo Lunda Territory, in the Kwango Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The town lies near the border with Angola to the east, here defined by the Kwango River The Cuango or Kwango ( pt, Rio ...

*** Rulers of Kongo ***

Kongo Congo or The Congo may refer to either of two countries that border the Congo River in central Africa: * Democratic Republic of the Congo, the larger country to the southeast, capital Kinshasa, formerly known as Zaire, sometimes referred to a ...

** Rulers of Kongo * Congo, Republic of the (Congo-Brazzaville) ** Heads of state of the Republic of the Congo ** Heads of government of the Republic of the Congo *** Colonial heads of French Equatorial Africa * Equatorial Guinea ** Heads of state of Equatorial Guinea ** Heads of government of Equatorial Guinea ** Colonial heads of Equatorial Guinea (Fernando Poo/Spanish Guinea) *

Gabon Gabon (; ; snq, Ngabu), officially the Gabonese Republic (french: République gabonaise), is a country on the west coast of Central Africa. Located on the equator, it is bordered by Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north ...

Heads of state of Gabon The president of Gabon is the head of state of Gabon. A total of three people have served as president (not counting two acting presidents) since the post was formed in 1960. Description of the office Election The president of the republic is ...

Heads of government of Gabon The Prime Minister of Gabon (French: ''Premier ministre de la République gabonaise'') is the head of government of Gabon. The position was first created in 1960, upon the country's independence from France, but was soon abolished by a new con ...

Colonial heads of Gabon (Dates in italics indicate ''de facto ''continuation of office) See below for continuation 1886 to 17 August 1960 For continuation after independence, ''see: ''Heads of State of Gabon See also *Gabon **Heads of State of Gabon * Lists of incu ...

*** Rulers of Orungu *

São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé and Príncipe (; pt, São Tomé e Príncipe (); English: " Saint Thomas and Prince"), officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe ( pt, República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe), is a Portuguese-speaking i ...

Heads of state of São Tomé and Príncipe A head is the part of an organism which usually includes the ears, brain, forehead, cheeks, chin, eyes, nose, and mouth, each of which aid in various sensory functions such as visual perception, sight, hearing, olfaction, smell, and taste. Some ...

** Heads of government of São Tomé and Príncipe **

Presidents of the Regional Government of Príncipe President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...

** Colonial Heads of São Tomé and Príncipe

Northern Africa

Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...

**People's Democratic Republic of Algeria ***

Heads of state of Algeria This is a list of heads of state of Algeria since the formation of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic (GPRA) in exile in Cairo, Egypt in 1958 during the Algerian War, through independence in 1962, to the present day. A total ...

***

Heads of government of Algeria This is a list of heads of government of Algeria since the formation of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic (GPRA) in exile in Cairo, Egypt in 1958 during the Algerian War, through independence in 1962, to the present day. A t ...

(''see also: ''

Prime Ministers of Algeria A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways ...

** French Algeria (French departements) *** French Governors of Algeria ** Ottoman

regency of Algiers The Regency of Algiers ( ar, دولة الجزائر, translit=Dawlat al-Jaza'ir) was a state in North Africa lasting from 1516 to 1830, until it was conquered by the French. Situated between the regency of Tunis in the east, the Sultanate o ...

*** Ottoman Pashas and Deys of the

Regency of Algiers The Regency of Algiers ( ar, دولة الجزائر, translit=Dawlat al-Jaza'ir) was a state in North Africa lasting from 1516 to 1830, until it was conquered by the French. Situated between the regency of Tunis in the east, the Sultanate o ...

Tlemcen Tlemcen (; ar, تلمسان, translit=Tilimsān) is the second-largest city in northwestern Algeria after Oran, and capital of the Tlemcen Province. The city has developed leather, carpet, and textile industries, which it exports through the p ...

(Western Algeria) before the Ottomans ***

Ziyanid The Zayyanid dynasty ( ar, زيانيون, ''Ziyānyūn'') or Abd al-Wadids ( ar, بنو عبد الواد, ''Bānu ʿabd āl-Wād'') was a Berber Zenata dynasty that ruled the Kingdom of Tlemcen, mainly in modern Algeria centered on the town of ...

dynasty **Western Ifriqiya (Eastern Algeria) before the Ottomans ***

Hammadid dynasty The Hammadid dynasty () was a branch of the Sanhaja Berber dynasty that ruled an area roughly corresponding to north-eastern modern Algeria between 1008 and 1152. The state reached its peak under Nasir ibn Alnas during which it was briefly the m ...

Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...

Rulers of Egypt Lists of rulers of Egypt: * List of pharaohs (c. 3100 BC – 30 BC) ** List of Satraps of the 27th Dynasty (525–404 BC) ** List of Satraps of the 31st Dynasty (343–332 BC) * List of governors of Roman Egypt (30 BC – 639 AD) * List of r ...

** Heads of government of Egypt **

Colonial heads of Egypt The ambassador of the United Kingdom to Egypt is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in Egypt, and head of the UK's diplomatic mission in Egypt. The official title is ''His Britannic Majesty's Ambassador to the Arab Republi ...

Pharaoh Pharaoh (, ; Egyptian: ''pr ꜥꜣ''; cop, , Pǝrro; Biblical Hebrew: ''Parʿō'') is the vernacular term often used by modern authors for the kings of ancient Egypt who ruled as monarchs from the First Dynasty (c. 3150 BC) until the an ...

s ** Egyptian dynasties ** Bahri dynasty of Egypt ** Burji dynasty of Egypt **

Ayyubid dynasty The Ayyubid dynasty ( ar, الأيوبيون '; ) was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultan of Egypt, Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate, Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt. A Sunni ...

** Fatimid Caliphs ** Monarchs of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty *

Libya Libya (; ar, ليبيا, Lībiyā), officially the State of Libya ( ar, دولة ليبيا, Dawlat Lībiyā), is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Suda ...

Heads of state of Libya A head is the part of an organism which usually includes the ears, brain, forehead, cheeks, chin, eyes, nose, and mouth, each of which aid in various sensory functions such as sight, hearing, smell, and taste. Some very simple animals may n ...

** Heads of government of Libya ** Colonial heads of Libya *** Colonial Heads of Tripolitania *** Colonial heads of Cyrenaica *** Colonial heads of Fezzan ** Governors of Spanish and Hospitaller Tripoli ** Rulers of Ottoman Libya ** Chiefs of the Senussi order ** Cyrene:

Kings of Cyrene Cyrene or Cyrenaica was a Greek colony on the North African coast, in what is now northeastern Libya, founded by Dorian settlers from Thera (modern Santorini) in the 7th century BC. Kings of Cyrene received a recurring posthumous hero cult like ...

Morocco Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to ...

List of rulers of Morocco This is the list of rulers of Morocco, since the establishment of the state in 789. The common and formal titles of these rulers has varied, depending on the time period. Since 1957, the designation King has been used. The present King of Moroc ...

** Heads of government of Morocco *** French Resident Ministers in Morocco *** Spanish High Commissioners in Morocco *** Administrators of the Tangier International Zone **

Alaouite dynasty The Alawi dynasty ( ar, سلالة العلويين الفيلاليين, translit=sulālat al-ʿalawiyyīn al-fīlāliyyīn) – also rendered in English as Alaouite, Alawid, or Alawite – is the current Morocco, Moroccan royal family and re ...

Saadi dynasty The Saadi Sultanate (also rendered in English as Sa'di, Sa'did, Sa'dian, or Saadian; ar, السعديون, translit=as-saʿdiyyūn) was a state which ruled present-day Morocco and parts of West Africa in the 16th and 17th centuries. It was l ...

Wattasid dynasty The Wattasid dynasty ( ber, Iweṭṭasen; ar, الوطاسيون, ''al-waṭṭāsīyūn'') was a ruling dynasty of Morocco. Like the Marinid dynasty, its rulers were of Zenata Berber descent. The two families were related, and the Marinids re ...

** Marinid dynasty **

Almohad dynasty The Almohad Caliphate (; ar, خِلَافَةُ ٱلْمُوَحِّدِينَ or or from ar, ٱلْمُوَحِّدُونَ, translit=al-Muwaḥḥidūn, lit=those who profess the unity of God) was a North African Berber Muslim empire fou ...

Almoravid dynasty The Almoravid dynasty ( ar, المرابطون, translit=Al-Murābiṭūn, lit=those from the ribats) was an imperial Berber Muslim dynasty centered in the territory of present-day Morocco. It established an empire in the 11th century tha ...

Idrisid dynasty The Idrisid dynasty or Idrisids ( ar, الأدارسة ') were an Arab Muslim dynasty from 788 to 974, ruling most of present-day Morocco and parts of present-day western Algeria. Named after the founder, Idris I, the Idrisids were an Alid an ...

** Presidents of Western Sahara *

Sudan Sudan ( or ; ar, السودان, as-Sūdān, officially the Republic of the Sudan ( ar, جمهورية السودان, link=no, Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast Africa. It shares borders with the Central African Republic t ...

(formerly Anglo-Egyptian -) ** Presidents of Sudan **

Prime Ministers of Sudan This article lists the heads of government of Sudan, from the establishment of the office of Chief Minister in 1952 until the present day. The office of Prime Minister was abolished after the 1989 coup d'état, and reestablished in 2017 when ...

** Presidents of Southern Sudan ** Vice-Presidents of Southern Sudan ** Kings of Makuria ** Kings of Sennar **

Kush Kush or Cush may refer to: Bible * Cush (Bible), two people and one or more places in the Hebrew Bible Places * Kush (mountain), a mountain near Kalat, Pakistan Balochistan * Kush (satrapy), a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire * Hindu Kush, a ...

*** Kushite Kings ***

List of Egyptian viceroys of Kush The former Kingdom of Kerma in Nubia, was a province of ancient Egypt from the 16th century BCE to eleventh century BCE. During this period, the polity was ruled by a viceroy who reported directly to the Egyptian Pharaoh. It is believed that the ...

Tunisia ) , image_map = Tunisia location (orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = Location of Tunisia in northern Africa , image_map2 = , capital = Tunis , largest_city = capital , ...

** Presidents of Tunisia **

Prime Ministers of Tunisia A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a Product (mathematics), product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime ...

Beys of Tunis The beys of Tunis were the monarchs of Tunisia from 1705, when the Husainid dynasty acceded to the throne, until 1957, when monarchy was abolished. History The Husainid dynasty, originally of Cretan Turkish origin, came to power under Al- ...

** Hafsid dynasty **

Zirid dynasty The Zirid dynasty ( ar, الزيريون, translit=az-zīriyyūn), Banu Ziri ( ar, بنو زيري, translit=banū zīrī), or the Zirid state ( ar, الدولة الزيرية, translit=ad-dawla az-zīriyya) was a Sanhaja Berber dynasty from m ...

Aghlabid The Aghlabids ( ar, الأغالبة) were an Arab dynasty of emirs from the Najdi tribe of Banu Tamim, who ruled Ifriqiya and parts of Southern Italy, Sicily, and possibly Sardinia, nominally on behalf of the Abbasid Caliph, for about a ...

dynasty **

Carthage Carthage was the capital city of Ancient Carthage, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now Tunisia. Carthage was one of the most important trading hubs of the Ancient Mediterranean and one of the most affluent cities of the classi ...

: Kings of Carthage

Southern Africa

Botswana Botswana (, ), officially the Republic of Botswana ( tn, Lefatshe la Botswana, label=Setswana, ), is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. Botswana is topographically flat, with approximately 70 percent of its territory being the Kalahar ...

Heads of state of Botswana The president of the Republic of Botswana is the head of state and the head of government of Botswana, as well as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, according to the Constitution of Botswana. The president is elected to a five-year ...

Heads of government of Botswana The office of Prime Minister of the Bechuanaland Protectorate existed from 3 March 1965 to 30 September 1966, during which time it was held by one individual, Seretse Khama, who later served as the first President of Botswana from 1966 until hi ...

List of commissioners of Bechuanaland This is a list of the commissioners of the Bechuanaland Protectorate, which gained full independence as Botswana in 1966. From 1885 to 1891 the post was known as Deputy Commissioner; from 1891 to 1964 as Resident Commissioner; and from 1964 to ind ...

***Rulers of baKgatla ***Rulers of baKwêna ***

Rulers of Balete (baMalete) Lete has been led by a kgôsikgolo, or a paramount chief, since its establishment in 1780. Mosadi Seboko has been the kgôsikgolo of Lete since 2002. List of Rulers of Balete (baMalete) Territory located in present-day Botswana. Kgôsikgo ...

***

Rulers of baNgwaketse The following is a list of rulers of baNgwaketse, a territory located in present-day Botswana. Kgôsikgolo = ''Paramount Chief'' (Dates in italics indicate ''de facto ''continuation of office) {, class="wikitable" , - align=left ! width="18% ...

***

Rulers of Bangwato (bamaNgwato) A ruler, sometimes called a rule, line gauge, or scale, is a device used in geometry and technical drawing, as well as the engineering and construction industries, to measure distances or draw straight lines. Variants Rulers have long ...

***

Rulers of baRôlông List of Rulers of baRôlông Territory located in present-day Botswana and South Africa. Kgôsikgolo = ''Paramount Chief'' At this point the Barolong found themselves separated by the Botswana - South Africa border. There are other Barolo ...

***

Rulers of baTawana This is a list of the Rulers of baTawana, a territory in the present-day northern half of Botswana, formerly part of the Bechuanaland Protectorate. Kgôsikgolo = ''Paramount Chief'' See also *Botswana **Heads of state of Botswana ** Heads of g ...

***

Rulers of baTlôkwa A ruler, sometimes called a rule, line gauge, or scale, is a device used in geometry and technical drawing, as well as the engineering and construction industries, to measure distances or draw straight lines. Variants Rulers have long ...

* Lesotho **

Kings of Lesotho This article list the monarchs (''Marena'') of Lesotho (also known as Basutoland until 1966). Succession The Succession to the throne of Lesotho is laid down in Chapter V of the African kingdom's constitution. The current King is Letsie III ...

Heads of government of Lesotho This is a list of prime ministers of Lesotho () since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of Lesotho in 1965, to the present day. A total of seven people have served as Prime Minister of Lesotho (not counting one Acting Prime Minister ...

Namibia Namibia (, ), officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa. Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and ea ...

** Presidents of Namibia **

Prime Ministers of Namibia A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways ...

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countri ...

List of Bhaca kings Below are the traditional chiefs and kings of Zelemu and Wushe people who were later referred to as AmaBhaca The Bhaca people or amaBhaca are an eMbo ethnic group in South Africa. Background AmaBhaca were formerly known as the Zelemus or ...

** List of Hlubi Kings ** List of Mpondo Kings ** List of Mpondomise Kings ** List of Ndebele Kings ** List of Thembu Kings **

List of Xhosa Kings The Xhosa are a nation from southern Africa. Xhosa, the one after whom the Xhosa people are named, fathered Malangana. The Xhosa kingship separated when the line got to Phalo because of what happened when he married. The great house of Phalo is ...

& Chiefs **

List of Zulu kings This article lists the Zulu monarchs, including chieftains and kings of the Zulu royal family from their earliest known history up to the present time. Pre-Zulu The Zulu King lineage stretches to as far as Luzumana, who is believed to have l ...

Governors-General of South Africa Governor-general (plural ''governors-general''), or governor general (plural ''governors general''), is the title of an office-holder. In the context of governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general are appointed as viceroy t ...

** State President of South Africa ** Prime Ministers of South Africa **Homelands Leaders: *** Heads of state of Bophuthatswana *** Heads of state of Ciskei *** Chief Ministers of Gazankulu ***

Chief Ministers of KaNgwane Leaders of KaNgwane (Dates in italics indicate ''de facto ''continuation of office) See also *Bantustan *President of South Africa *State President of South Africa *List of prime ministers of South Africa *Governor-General of the Union of S ...

***

Chief Ministers of KwaNdebele Leaders of KwaNdebele (Dates in italics indicate ''de facto ''continuation of office) See also *Bantustan * President of South Africa * State President of South Africa * List of prime ministers of South Africa *Governor-General of the Union of ...

*** Chief Ministers of KwaZulu ***

Chief Ministers of Lebowa Leaders of Lebowa (Dates in italics indicate ''de facto ''continuation of office) {, class="wikitable sortable" , - align=left !Tenure !Name !Role !Affiliation , - valign=top , colspan="4", Lebowa , - , August 1969 to ''2 October 1972'' , Mok ...

***

Chief Ministers of QwaQwa The following is a list of the chief ministers of the South African apartheid era Bantustan of QwaQwa, also known as the ''Basotho ba Borwa''. Leaders of QwaQwa Dates in italics indicate ''de facto ''continuation of office. {, border=1 style=" ...

***

Heads of government of Transkei This article lists the leaders of the TBVC states, the four Bantustans which were declared nominally independent by the government of the Republic of South Africa during the period of apartheid, which lasted from 1948 to 1994. Their independen ...

***

Heads of state of Transkei This article lists the leaders of the TBVC states, the four Bantustans which were declared nominally independent by the government of the South Africa, Republic of South Africa during the period of apartheid, which lasted from 1948 to 1994. The ...

*** Heads of state of Venda **

President of South Africa The president of South Africa is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of South Africa. The president heads the executive branch of the Government of South Africa and is the commander-in-chief of the South African Nationa ...

** South African Premiers *

Swaziland Eswatini ( ; ss, eSwatini ), officially the Kingdom of Eswatini and formerly named Swaziland ( ; officially renamed in 2018), is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. It is bordered by Mozambique to its northeast and South Africa to its no ...

** Kings of Swaziland **

Heads of government of Swaziland This is a list of prime ministers of Eswatini () since the formation of the post in 1967. Eleven people have been Prime Minister of Eswatini, plus seven acting prime ministers. One person, Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, held two non-consecutive te ...

Western Africa

Benin Benin ( , ; french: Bénin , ff, Benen), officially the Republic of Benin (french: République du Bénin), and formerly Dahomey, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east, Burkina Faso to the nort ...

(former Dahomey) ** Heads of state of Benin ** Heads of government of Benin ** Colonial heads of Benin (Dahomey and Porto-Novo) *** Colonial heads of São João Baptista de Ajudá *** Rulers of Hogbonu (Ajashe/Porto-Novo) ** Bariba (Borgu) states *** Rulers of the Bariba state of Kandi *** Rulers of the Bariba state of Kwande ***

Rulers of the Bariba state of Nikki A ruler, sometimes called a rule, line gauge, or scale, is a device used in geometry and technical drawing, as well as the engineering and construction industries, to measure distances or draw straight lines. Variants Rulers have long ...

***

Rulers of the Bariba state of Paraku A ruler, sometimes called a rule, line gauge, or scale, is a device used in geometry and technical drawing, as well as the engineering and construction industries, to measure distances or draw straight lines. Variants Rulers have long ...

** Berba states *** Rulers of the Berba state of Gwande ** Ewe states *** Rulers of the Ewe state of Agwe ** Fon states *** Rulers of the Fon state of Alada (Allada) *** Rulers of the Fon state of Danhome (Agbome) (Dahomey) *** Rulers of the Fon state of Savi Hweda ** Gurmanche states *** Rulers of the Gurmanche state of Jugu (Sugu) **

Mahi states The Mahi are a people of Benin. They live north of Abomey, from the Togo border on the west to the Zou River on the east, and south to Cové between the Zou and Ouemé rivers, north of the Dassa hills. The Mahi established their own kingdom bef ...

*** Rulers of the Mahi state of Fitta ***

Rulers of the Mahi state of Savalu This is a list of rulers of the Mahi state of Savalu, located in present-day Benin. Rulers of the Mahi state of Savalu See also *Benin **Mahi states **Mahi people The Mahi are a people of Benin. They live north of Abomey, from the Togo bord ...

Yoruba states Yorubaland () is the homeland and cultural region of the Yoruba people in West Africa. It spans the modern-day countries of Nigeria, Togo and Benin, and covers a total land area of 142,114 km2 or about 60% of the land area of Ghana. Of this ...

*** Rulers of the Yoruba state of Dassa ***

Rulers of the Yoruba state of Icha Territory located in present-day Benin. Sources Official website See also *Benin **Yoruba states ***List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Dassa ***List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Ketu ***List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Oyo ***L ...

***

Rulers of the Yoruba state of Ketu The state of Ketu is located in present-day Republic of Benin. In the Yoruba language, the word ''oba'' means king or ruler. It is also common for the rulers of the various Yoruba domains to have their own special titles. In Ketu the Oba is r ...

***

Rulers of the Yoruba state of Sabe Sabe is a territory located in present-day Benin, based in and around the town of Savé In the Yoruba language, the word Oba means king or ruler. It is also common for the obas of the various Yoruba domains to have their own special titles. I ...

Burkina Faso Burkina Faso (, ; , ff, 𞤄𞤵𞤪𞤳𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤊𞤢𞤧𞤮, italic=no) is a landlocked country in West Africa with an area of , bordered by Mali to the northwest, Niger to the northeast, Benin to the southeast, Togo and Ghana to ...

(former Upper Volta) **

Heads of state of Burkina Faso This is a list of heads of state of Burkina Faso since the Republic of Upper Volta gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day. A total of seven people have served as head of state of Upper Volta/Burkina Faso (not counting four ...

** Heads of government of Burkina Faso (''see also:''

Prime Minister of Burkina Faso This is a list of prime ministers of Burkina Faso since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of the Republic of Upper Volta in 1971 to the present day. A total of fifteen people have served as Prime Minister of Upper Volta/Burkina Faso ...

') ** Colonial heads of Burkina Faso (Upper Volta) **

List of rulers of Liptako Liptako is a historic region in West Africa which included parts of modern-day Burkina Faso, Niger, and Mali. Control of the area changed hands between several regional ethnic groups, before the Gurma people established the kingdom of Koala. In th ...

Mossi States Mossi may refer to: * Mossi people *Mossi language *Mossi Kingdoms * the Mossi, a Burkinabe variant of the Dongola horse * Mossi (given name) *Mossi (surname) See also * Mossie (disambiguation) * Mossy (disambiguation) *Mozzi (disambiguation) Mozz ...

:- ***

Rulers of the Mossi state of Gurunsi Territory located in present-day Burkina Faso. {, class="wikitable" , - align=left ! width="18%", Tenure ! width="20%", Incumbent ! width="20%", Notes , - valign=top , ''c.''1870, , colspan="2", ''Conquest by Zerma horsetraders'' , - valign=top ...

***

Rulers of the Mossi state of Gwiriko The Gwiriko Kingdom ( Dyula: '), also known as Gouiriko was a kingdom in the 18th and 19th centuries in what is now part of present-day Burkina Faso around the watershed of the River Banifin. It was founded by Famagah Ouattara (Wattara) and l ...

***

Rulers of the Mossi state of Tenkodogo This is a list of Rulers of the Mossi State of Tenkodogo. Comprising part of Burkina Faso, Tenkodogo is the ''senior'' Mossi State. Naaba = ''Ruler'' {, class="wikitable" , - align=left ! width="18%", Tenure ! width="30%", Incumbent ! width ...

***

Rulers of the Mossi state of Wogodogo The ''mogho naba'' of Wogodogo is the ruler ("king of the world") of Wogodogo, one of the Mossi Kingdoms located in present-day Burkina Faso. The kingdom takes its name from its historic capital, now the Burkinabe national capital of Ouagadougou. ...

***

Rulers of the Mossi state of Yatenga This is a list of rulers of Yatenga, one of the Mossi Kingdoms located in present-day Burkina Faso. {, class="wikitable" , - align=left ! width="18%", Tenure ! width="30%", Incumbent ! width="15%", Notes , - valign=top , Zandana, , colspan="2" ...

***

Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bilanga Territory located in present-day Burkina Faso. Bilanbedo = ''Ruler'' {, class="wikitable" , - align=left ! width="18%", Tenure ! width="30%", Incumbent ! width="30%", Notes , - valign=top , colspan="3", Buricimba Dynasty , - valign=top bgcolo ...

***

Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bilayanga List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bilayanga Territory located in present-day Burkina Faso. {, class="wikitable" , - align=left ! width="18%", Tenure ! width="30%", Incumbent ! width="30%", Notes , - , colspan="3", Buricimba Dynasty ...

***

Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bongandini Territory in present-day Burkina Faso. {, class="wikitable" , - align=left ! width="18%", Tenure ! width="30%", Incumbent ! width="30%", Notes , - , colspan="3", Buricimba Dynasty , - valign=top bgcolor="#ffffec" , ???? to ????, , Bantia, , , ...

*** Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Con ***

Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Macakoali List of Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Macakoali Territory located in present-day Burkina Faso. Boopo = ''Ruler'' {, class="wikitable" , - align=left ! width="18%", Tenure ! width="30%", Incumbent ! width="30%", Notes , - valign=top , c ...

***

Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Nungu List of Rulers of the Nungu Kingdom sometimes referred to as the Gurma Kingdom or Empire. The state was created by the Gurmanche people who are closely related to the Mossi people This territory located in present-day Burkina Faso. Nunbado = ' ...

***

Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Piela List of Rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Piela Territory located in present-day Burkina Faso. Pielabedo = ''Ruler'' {, class="wikitable" , - align=left ! width="18%", Tenure ! width="30%", Incumbent ! width="20%", Notes , - valign=top , c ...

Cape Verde , national_anthem = () , official_languages = Portuguese , national_languages = Cape Verdean Creole , capital = Praia , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , demonym ...

Heads of state of Cape Verde This article lists the presidents of Cape Verde, an island country in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of West Africa, since the establishment of the office of president in 1975. Aristides Pereira was the first person to hold the office, taki ...

Heads of government of Cape Verde This article lists the prime ministers of Cape Verde, an island country in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of West Africa, since the establishment of the office of prime minister in 1975. Pedro Pires was the first person to hold the office, t ...

(''see also:''

Prime Minister of Cape Verde This article lists the prime ministers of Cape Verde, an island country in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of West Africa, since the establishment of the office of prime minister in 1975. Pedro Pires was the first person to hold the office, ta ...

') **

Colonial heads of Cape Verde The islands of Cape Verde were uninhabited when discovered and claimed by Portugal in 1456. A Portuguese colony was established in 1462. The islands were united as a single crown colony in 1587. In 1951, the islands became an overseas provin ...

Ivory Coast Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire, officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa. Its capital is Yamoussoukro, in the centre of the country, while its largest city and economic centre is ...

Heads of state of Ivory Coast A head is the part of an organism which usually includes the ears, brain, forehead, cheeks, chin, eyes, nose, and mouth, each of which aid in various sensory functions such as visual perception, sight, hearing, olfaction, smell, and taste. Some ...

Heads of government of Ivory Coast A head is the part of an organism which usually includes the ears, brain, forehead, cheeks, chin, eyes, nose, and mouth, each of which aid in various sensory functions such as sight, hearing, smell, and taste. Some very simple animals may n ...

** Colonial heads of Ivory Coast *

The Gambia The Gambia,, ff, Gammbi, ar, غامبيا officially the Republic of The Gambia, is a country in West Africa. It is the smallest country within mainland AfricaHoare, Ben. (2002) ''The Kingfisher A-Z Encyclopedia'', Kingfisher Publicatio ...

Heads of state of the Gambia This is a list of the heads of state of the Gambia, from the independence of the Gambia in 1965 to the present day. From 1965 to 1970 the head of state under the Constitution of 1965 was the queen of the Gambia, Elizabeth II, who was also the q ...

Colonial Heads of the Gambia This is a list of colonial governors and administrators in the Gambia from the establishment of a British settlement on St Mary's Island, now known as Banjul Island, in 1816, through to the Gambia Colony and Protectorate's independence from the ...

Ghana Ghana (; tw, Gaana, ee, Gana), officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It abuts the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, sharing borders with Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, and To ...

: Rulers of Ghana **

Heads of state of Ghana This is a list of the heads of state of Ghana, from the independence of Ghana in 1957 to the present day. From 1957 to 1960 the head of state under the Constitution of 1957 was the queen of Ghana, Elizabeth II, who was also the queen of the Un ...

** Emperors of Ghana *

Guinea Guinea ( ),, fuf, 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫, italic=no, Gine, wo, Gine, nqo, ߖߌ߬ߣߍ߫, bm, Gine officially the Republic of Guinea (french: République de Guinée), is a coastal country in West Africa. It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the we ...

Heads of state of Guinea This article lists the presidents of Guinea, since the country gained independence from France in 1958 (after rejecting to join the French Community in a constitutional referendum). List Key ;''Political parties'' * * * ;''Other factions'' ...

Heads of government of Guinea This article lists the prime ministers of Guinea, since the establishment of the office of Prime Minister in 1972. List Key ;''Political parties'' * * * * ;''Other factions'' * * Officeholders Notes Timeline See also * Guinea ** List ...

** Colonial heads of Guinea *

Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau ( ; pt, Guiné-Bissau; ff, italic=no, 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤄𞤭𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮, Gine-Bisaawo, script=Adlm; Mandinka: ''Gine-Bisawo''), officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau ( pt, República da Guiné-Bissau, links=no ) ...

Heads of state of Guinea-Bissau This article lists the presidents of Guinea-Bissau, since the establishment of the office of president in 1973. List of officeholders ;Political parties ;Other factions ;Symbols Notes Timeline Latest election See also * Polit ...

Heads of government of Guinea-Bissau This article lists the prime ministers of Guinea-Bissau, since the establishment of the office of prime minister in 1973. Since Guinea-Bissau's declaration of independence from Portugal on 24 September 1974, there have been twenty prime ministe ...

Colonial heads of Portuguese Guinea This is a list of European colonial administrators responsible for the territory of Portuguese Guinea, an area equivalent to modern-day Guinea-Bissau. In 1941 the capital moved from Bolama to Bissau. List (Dates in italics indicate ''de ...

***

Colonial heads of Bissau List of colonial heads of Bissau The territory is located in Guinea-Bissau. Early incumbents, all styled Captain-major: *15 March 1692 – 15 March 1694 José Pinheiro da Câmara *1694–1696 Santao Vidigal Castanho *1696–1699 José Pinheiro ...

*** Colonial heads of Cacheu *

Liberia Liberia (), officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast. It is bordered by Sierra Leone to Liberia–Sierra Leone border, its northwest, Guinea to its north, Ivory Coast to its east, and the Atlantic Ocean ...

Presidents of Liberia President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese fu ...

** Agents and Governors of Liberia *** Colonial heads of Maryland ***

Colonial heads of Mississippi Mississippi-in-Africa was a colony on the Pepper Coast (West Africa) founded in the 1830s by the Mississippi Colonization Society of the United States and settled by American free people of color, many of them former slaves. In the late 1840s, so ...

*** Colonial Heads of Port Cresson and Bassa Cove *

Mali Mali (; ), officially the Republic of Mali,, , ff, 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞥆𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭, Renndaandi Maali, italics=no, ar, جمهورية مالي, Jumhūriyyāt Mālī is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mali ...

(former French Sudan) **

Heads of state of Mali This is a list of heads of state of Mali since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day. A total of seven people have served as head of state of Mali (excluding three acting presidents). Additionally, two people, ...

** Heads of government of Mali ** Colonial heads of Mali **Emperors of Mali, see '' Mali Empire'' **Kings of Mali, see ''

Mansa Mansa may refer to: Places In India * Mansa, Gujarat, a town in northern Gujarat, Western India; the capital of: ** Mansa, Gujarat Assembly constituency ** Mansa State, a princely state under the Mahi Kantha Agency in India * Mansa district, ...

'' **Songhai emperors, see ''

Songhai Empire The Songhai Empire (also transliterated as Songhay) was a state that dominated the western Sahel/Sudan in the 15th and 16th century. At its peak, it was one of the largest states in African history. The state is known by its historiographical ...

'' * Mauritania **

Heads of state of Mauritania This is a list of heads of state of Mauritania since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day. A total of nine people have served as head of state of Mauritania (not counting one Acting President). Additionally, ...

Heads of government of Mauritania This is a list of prime ministers of Mauritania since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of Mauritania in 1960 to the present day. A total of sixteen people have served as Prime Minister of Mauritania (not counting one Acting Prime Mi ...

** Colonial heads of Mauritania *

Niger ) , official_languages = , languages_type = National languagesHeads of state of Niger This is a list of heads of state of Niger since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day. A total of ten people have served as head of state of Niger. The current head of state of Niger is the President of the Re ...

** Heads of government of Niger *

Nigeria Nigeria ( ), , ig, Naìjíríyà, yo, Nàìjíríà, pcm, Naijá , ff, Naajeeriya, kcg, Naijeriya officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf o ...

** Governors-General of Nigeria **

Presidents of Nigeria President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese fu ...

** Heads of State of Biafra ** List of Sultans of Sokoto *

Senegal Senegal,; Wolof: ''Senegaal''; Pulaar: 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 (Senegaali); Arabic: السنغال ''As-Sinighal'') officially the Republic of Senegal,; Wolof: ''Réewum Senegaal''; Pulaar : 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 � ...

** Presidents of Senegal *

Sierra Leone Sierra Leone,)]. officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. It is bordered by Liberia to the southeast and Guinea surrounds the northern half of the nation. Covering a total area of , Sierr ...

** List of Governors-General of Sierra Leone, Governors-General of Sierra Leone **

Presidents of Sierra Leone President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese fu ...

Heads of government of Sierra Leone This is a list of heads of government of Sierra Leone, from the establishment of the office of Chief Minister in 1954 until the present day. The office of Prime Minister was abolished after the constitutional referendum in 1978, and reinstated ...

Togo Togo (), officially the Togolese Republic (french: République togolaise), is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. It extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its c ...

** Heads of State of Togo ** Heads of government of Togo

Americas

Caribbean

Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda (, ) is a sovereign country in the West Indies. It lies at the juncture of the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean in the Leeward Islands part of the Lesser Antilles, at 17°N latitude. The country consists of two maj ...

Governors-General of Antigua and Barbuda Governor-general (plural ''governors-general''), or governor general (plural ''governors general''), is the title of an office-holder. In the context of governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general are appointed as viceroy t ...

** Prime Ministers of Antigua and Barbuda *

Bahamas The Bahamas (), officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an island country within the Lucayan Archipelago of the West Indies in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic. It takes up 97% of the Lucayan Archipelago's land area and is home to ...

Governors-General of the Bahamas Governor-general (plural ''governors-general''), or governor general (plural ''governors general''), is the title of an office-holder. In the context of governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general are appointed as viceroy t ...

Heads of government of the Bahamas The prime minister of the Bahamas is the head of government of the Bahamas. The prime minister is formally appointed into office by the governor-general of the Bahamas, who represents Charles III, the king of the Bahamas (the Bahamian head of s ...

Colonial heads of the Bahamas This is a list of governors of the Bahamas. The first English settlement in the Bahamas was on Eleuthera. In 1670, the king granted the Bahamas to the lords proprietors of the Province of Carolina, but the islands were left to themselves. The lo ...

Barbados Barbados is an island country in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies, in the Caribbean region of the Americas, and the most easterly of the Caribbean Islands. It occupies an area of and has a population of about 287,000 (2019 estimate). ...

** Presidents of Barbados ** Prime Ministers of Barbados *

Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...

First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba The First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba ( es, Primer Secretario del Comité Central del Partido Comunista de Cuba) is the ''de facto'' leader of Cuba. The First Secretary is the highest office within the Comm ...

(''de facto'' leader) **

Presidents of Cuba President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese fu ...

** Premiers of Cuba **

Colonial heads of Cuba This is a list of colonial heads of Cuba. Dates in italics indicate ''de facto'' continuation of office. For continuation after independence ''see'' List of presidents of Cuba. See also * List of governors of Provincia de Santiago de Cuba * ...

Dominica Dominica ( or ; Kalinago: ; french: Dominique; Dominican Creole French: ), officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island country in the Caribbean. The capital, Roseau, is located on the western side of the island. It is geographically ...

Presidents of Dominica President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese fu ...

Prime Ministers of Dominica A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways ...

Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic ( ; es, República Dominicana, ) is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean region. It occupies the eastern five-eighths of the island, which it shares with ...

Presidents of the Dominican Republic The president of the Dominican Republic ( es, Presidente de la República Dominicana) is both the head of state and head of government of the Dominican Republic. The presidential system was established in 1844, following the proclamation of th ...

Grenada Grenada ( ; Grenadian Creole French: ) is an island country in the West Indies in the Caribbean Sea at the southern end of the Grenadines island chain. Grenada consists of the island of Grenada itself, two smaller islands, Carriacou and Pe ...

** Governors-General of Grenada **

Prime Ministers of Grenada A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways ...

Colonial heads of Grenada This is a list of Viceroys of Grenada from the establishment of French rule in 1649 until its independence from the United Kingdom in 1974. Following independence, the viceroy of Grenada ceased to represent the British monarch and British governme ...

Colonial heads of the Windward Islands This is a list of viceroys in the British Windward Islands. The colony of the Windward Islands was created in 1833 and consisted of Grenada, Barbados (to 1885), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Tobago (to 1889), St. Lucia (from 1838), and Domi ...

Haiti Haiti (; ht, Ayiti ; French: ), officially the Republic of Haiti (); ) and formerly known as Hayti, is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and ...

List of colonial governors of Saint-Domingue Since 1659, Saint-Domingue (now the Republic of Haiti), was a French colony, recognized by Spain on September 20, 1697. From September 20, 1793, to October 1798 parts of the island were under British occupation. (actually taken from rulers.org!!!) ...

Presidents of Haiti The president of Haiti ( ht, Prezidan peyi Ayiti, french: Président d'Haïti), officially called the president of the Republic of Haiti (french: link=no, Président de la République d'Haïti, ht, link=no, Prezidan Repiblik Ayiti), is the head ...

Jamaica Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean (after Cuba and Hispaniola). Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, and west of His ...

Governors-General of Jamaica Governor-general (plural ''governors-general''), or governor general (plural ''governors general''), is the title of an office-holder. In the context of governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general are appointed as viceroy t ...

** Prime Ministers of Jamaica *

Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis (), officially the Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis, is an island country and microstate consisting of the two islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis, both located in the West Indies, in the Leeward Islands chain ...

Governors-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis Governor-general (plural ''governors-general''), or governor general (plural ''governors general''), is the title of an office-holder. In the context of governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general are appointed as viceroy t ...

** Prime Ministers of Saint Kitts and Nevis * Saint Lucia **

Governors-General of Saint Lucia Governor-general (plural ''governors-general''), or governor general (plural ''governors general''), is the title of an office-holder. In the context of governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general are appointed as viceroy t ...

Prime Ministers of Saint Lucia A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways ...

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent and the Grenadines () is an island country in the Caribbean. It is located in the southeast Windward Islands of the Lesser Antilles, which lie in the West Indies at the southern end of the eastern border of the Caribbean Sea w ...

Governors-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Governor-general (plural ''governors-general''), or governor general (plural ''governors general''), is the title of an office-holder. In the context of governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general are appointed as viceroy t ...

** Prime Ministers of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines *

Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago (, ), officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is the southernmost island country in the Caribbean. Consisting of the main islands Trinidad and Tobago, and numerous much smaller islands, it is situated south of ...

Presidents of Trinidad and Tobago From 1962 to 1976 the head of state under the Trinidad and Tobago Independence Act 1962 was the queen of Trinidad and Tobago, Elizabeth II, who was also the queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. The queen was represe ...

** Prime Ministers of Trinidad and Tobago

Central America

Belize Belize (; bzj, Bileez) is a Caribbean and Central American country on the northeastern coast of Central America. It is bordered by Mexico to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and Guatemala to the west and south. It also shares a wate ...

** Governors-General of Belize ** Prime Ministers of Belize **Maya rulers of Caracol, see ''

Caracol Caracol is a large ancient Maya archaeological site, located in what is now the Cayo District, of Belize. It is situated approximately south of Xunantunich, and the town of San Ignacio, and from the Macal River. It rests on the Vaca Plateau ...

'' *

Costa Rica Costa Rica (, ; ; literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( es, República de Costa Rica), is a country in the Central American region of North America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the no ...

Presidents of Costa Rica President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese fu ...

El Salvador El Salvador (; , meaning " The Saviour"), officially the Republic of El Salvador ( es, República de El Salvador), is a country in Central America. It is bordered on the northeast by Honduras, on the northwest by Guatemala, and on the south b ...

Presidents of El Salvador President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese fu ...

Guatemala Guatemala ( ; ), officially the Republic of Guatemala ( es, República de Guatemala, links=no), is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico; to the northeast by Belize and the Caribbean; to the east by H ...

Presidents of Guatemala The president of Guatemala ( es, Presidente de Guatemala), officially known as the President of the Republic of Guatemala ( es, Presidente de la República de Guatemala), is the head of state and head of government of Guatemala, elected to a s ...

**Maya rulers of Tikal, see ''

Tikal Tikal () (''Tik’al'' in modern Mayan orthography) is the ruin of an ancient city, which was likely to have been called Yax Mutal, found in a rainforest in Guatemala. It is one of the largest archeological sites and urban centers of the pre-C ...

'' * Honduras ** Presidents of Honduras **Maya kings of Xukpi, see ''

Copán Copán is an archaeological site of the Maya civilization in the Copán Department of western Honduras, not far from the border with Guatemala. This ancient Maya city mirrors the beauty of the physical landscape in which it flourished—a fer ...

'' *

Nicaragua Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the cou ...

Presidents of Nicaragua President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese fu ...

Panama Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Cos ...

Presidents of Panama This article lists the heads of state of Panama since the short-lived first independence from the Republic of New Granada in 1840 and the final separation from Colombia in 1903. Free State of the Isthmus (1840–1841) Republic of Panama (1 ...

North America

*Canada **

Office-holders of Canada This is a list of leaders and office-holders of Canada. See also Canadian incumbents by year. Monarchs * Monarchs of Canadian territories (1497–) * Monarchs of Canada (1497–) Federal Governors General * Governors General of Canada (1627� ...

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

Presidents of Mexico The Head of State of Mexico is the person who controls the executive power in the country. Under the current constitution, this responsibility lies with the President of the United Mexican States, who is head of the supreme executive power of th ...

** Mexican monarchs **

Aztec The Aztecs () were a Mesoamerican culture that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521. The Aztec people included different Indigenous peoples of Mexico, ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those g ...

emperors, see '' Hueyi Tlatoani'' **Maya rulers of Calakmul, see ''

Calakmul Calakmul (; also Kalakmul and other less frequent variants) is a Maya archaeological site in the Mexican state of Campeche, deep in the jungles of the greater Petén Basin region. It is from the Guatemalan border. Calakmul was one of the l ...

'' **Maya rulers of Palenque, see ''

Palenque Palenque (; Yucatec Maya language, Yucatec Maya: ), also anciently known in the Itza Language as Lakamhaʼ ("Big Water or Big Waters"), was a Maya city City-state, state in southern Mexico that perished in the 8th century. The Palenque ruins dat ...

'' **Maya rulers of Tonina, see '' Tonina'' **

Toltec The Toltec culture () was a pre-Columbian Mesoamerican culture that ruled a state centered in Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico, during the Epiclassic and the early Post-Classic period of Mesoamerican chronology, reaching prominence from 950 to 1150 CE. T ...

rulers **

Viceroys of New Spain The following is a list of Viceroys of New Spain. In addition to viceroys, the following lists the highest Spanish governors of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, before the appointment of the first viceroy or when the office of viceroy was vacant. Mo ...

*United States ** Office-holders of the United States

South America

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...

Presidents of Argentina Argentina has had many different types of heads of state, as well as many different types of government. During pre-Columbian times, most of the territories that today form Argentina were inhabited by Amerindian peoples without any centralized ...

Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...

Presidents of Bolivia The president of Bolivia is the head of state and head of government of Bolivia, directly elected to a five-year term by the Bolivian people. The officeholder leads the executive branch of the government and is the captain general of the Armed ...

*Brazil ** Brazilian monarchs **

Presidents of Brazil The president of Brazil ( pt, Presidente do Brasil), officially the president of the Federative Republic of Brazil ( pt, Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil) or simply the ''President of the Republic'', is the head of state and head o ...

*** Governors of Distrito Federal *** Governors of Minas Gerais ****

Mayors of Belo Horizonte In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well a ...

*** Governors of Rio de Janeiro **** Mayors of Rio de Janeiro *** Governors of São Paulo *

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...

Presidents of Chile The president of Chile ( es, Presidente de Chile), officially known as the President of the Republic of Chile ( es, Presidente de la República de Chile), is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Chile. The president is r ...

*** Governors of Cardenal Caro **** Mayors of Pichilemu **

Kings of Easter Island Easter Island was traditionally ruled by a monarchy, with a king as its leader. First paramount chief The legendary, first chief of Easter Island is said to have been Hotu Matuꞌa, whose arrival has been dated in the 4th, 6th or 9th century ...

Royal Governors of Chile Royal may refer to: People * Royal (name), a list of people with either the surname or given name * A member of a royal family Places United States * Royal, Arkansas, an unincorporated community * Royal, Illinois, a village * Royal, Iowa, a ci ...

Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...

Presidents of Colombia The president of Colombia ( es, Presidente de Colombia), officially known as the president of the Republic of Colombia ( es, Presidente de la República de Colombia) or president of the nation ( es, Presidente de la Nacion) is the head of stat ...

***

List of Governors of the Department of Quindío A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby uni ...

Ecuador Ecuador ( ; ; Quechua: ''Ikwayur''; Shuar: ''Ecuador'' or ''Ekuatur''), officially the Republic of Ecuador ( es, República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Quechua: ''Ikwadur Ripuwlika''; Shuar: ''Eku ...

Presidents of Ecuador The president of Ecuador ( es, Presidente del Ecuador), officially called the Constitutional President of the Republic of Ecuador ( es, Presidente Constitucional de la República del Ecuador), serves as both the head of state and head of govern ...

** Heads of State of Ecuador * Guyana **

Governors-General of Guyana Governor-general (plural ''governors-general''), or governor general (plural ''governors general''), is the title of an office-holder. In the context of governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general are appointed as viceroy t ...

** Presidents of Guyana ** Prime Ministers of Guyana *

Paraguay Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to th ...

Presidents of Paraguay The president of Paraguay ( es, Presidente del Paraguay), officially known as the President of the Republic of Paraguay ( es, Presidente de la República del Paraguay), is according to the Constitution of Paraguay the head of the executive bran ...

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal , national_motto = "Fi ...

Presidents of Peru The president of Peru ( es, link=no, presidente del Perú), officially called the president of the Republic of Peru ( es, link=no, presidente de la República del Perú), is the head of state and head of government of Peru. The president is th ...

Inca The Inca Empire (also known as the Incan Empire and the Inka Empire), called ''Tawantinsuyu'' by its subjects, (Quechua for the "Realm of the Four Parts", "four parts together" ) was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The admin ...

n emperors, see ''

Inca Empire The Inca Empire (also known as the Incan Empire and the Inka Empire), called ''Tawantinsuyu'' by its subjects, (Quechua for the "Realm of the Four Parts", "four parts together" ) was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The admin ...

'' **

Viceroys of Peru The viceroys of Peru ruled the Viceroyalty of Peru from 1544 to 1824 in the name of the monarch of Spain. The territories under ''de jure'' rule by the viceroys included in the 16th and 17th century almost all of South America except eastern Braz ...

* Suriname **

Presidents of Suriname The president of the Republic of Suriname ( nl, President van de Republiek Suriname) is, in accordance with the Constitution of 1987, the head of state and head of government of Suriname, and commander-in-chief of the Suriname National Army ( ...

Uruguay Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( es, República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while bordering ...

** Presidents of Uruguay *

Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in th ...

** Presidents of Venezuela

Asia

Central Asia

Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbeki ...

** Göktürk kagans ** Presidents of Kazakhstan *

Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan,, pronounced or the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the south, and the People's Republic of China to the east. ...

**Khans of Kara-Khitai, see ''

Kara-Khitan Khanate The Qara Khitai, or Kara Khitai (), also known as the Western Liao (), officially the Great Liao (), was a Sinicized dynastic regime based in Central Asia ruled by the Khitan Yelü clan. The Qara Khitai is considered by historians to be an ...

'' ** Presidents of Kyrgyzstan *

Tajikistan Tajikistan (, ; tg, Тоҷикистон, Tojikiston; russian: Таджикистан, Tadzhikistan), officially the Republic of Tajikistan ( tg, Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Jumhurii Tojikiston), is a landlocked country in Centr ...

** Presidents of Tajikistan *

Turkmenistan Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the sout ...

** Presidents of Turkmenistan *

Uzbekistan Uzbekistan (, ; uz, Ozbekiston, italic=yes / , ; russian: Узбекистан), officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( uz, Ozbekiston Respublikasi, italic=yes / ; russian: Республика Узбекистан), is a doubly landlocked cou ...

Presidents of Uzbekistan President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese fu ...

Eastern Asia

*China & dependencies **

Chinese sovereign The Chinese sovereign was the ruler of a particular monarchical regime in the historical periods of ancient China and imperial China. Sovereigns ruling the same regime, and descended from the same paternal line, constituted a dynasty. Several t ...

s **

Table of Chinese monarchs This list of Chinese monarchs includes rulers of China with various titles prior to the establishment of the Republic in 1912. From the Zhou dynasty until the Qin dynasty, rulers usually held the title "king" (). With the separation of China in ...

People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

***

General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party The general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party () is the head of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Since 1989, the CCP general secretary has been the paramount leader ...

( paramount leader) *** President of the People's Republic of China ***

Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China The premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, commonly called the premier of China and sometimes also referred to as the prime minister, is the head of government of China and leader of the State Council. The premier is ...

***

Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress The chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress is the presiding officer of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC), which is the permanent body of the National People's Congress, highest orga ...

***

Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference The Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference () is the leader of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), which is a political advisory body i ...

***Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party ***Hong Kong ****Governor of Hong Kong (under British rule, now replaced by Chief Executive) ****Chief Executive of Hong Kong ***Macau ****Governor of Macau (under Portuguese rule, now replaced by Chief Executive) ****Chief Executive of Macau **Republic of China (Taiwan) ***President of the Republic of China ***Premier of the Republic of China ***Governors and Chairpersons of Taiwan, see ''Taiwan Province'' **Tibet ***Amban#List of imperial ambans in Tibet, List of imperial ambans in Tibet **Table of Chinese monarchs, The Table of Chinese monarchs China **List of emperors of Tibet, List of kings of Tibet China *Japan **List of rulers of Japan, Rulers of Japan (Emperors, Regents, Shōguns and Prime Ministers) **List of emperors of Japan, Emperors of Japan **List of prime ministers of Japan, Prime Ministers of Japan **Ashikaga shogunate **Kamakura shogunate **Tokugawa shogunate *Mongolia **List of Mongol Khans, Grand Khan of Mongolia **List of heads of state of Mongolia, Presidents of Mongolia **Prime Minister of Mongolia *Korea **List of monarchs of Korea, Rulers of Korea **North Korea ***First Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea (List of leaders of North Korea, supreme leader) ***List of heads of state of North Korea, Heads of state of North Korea ***List of Premiers of North Korea, Premiers of North Korea **South Korea ***President of South Korea, Presidents of South Korea ***Prime Minister of South Korea, Prime Ministers of South Korea **List of monarchs of Korea, Rulers of Korea

Southeastern Asia

*Brunei **List of Sultans of Brunei, Sultans of Brunei *Cambodia **King of Cambodia **Khmer emperors, see ''Khmer Empire'' **List of heads of state of Cambodia, Presidents of Cambodia **List of Prime Ministers of Cambodia, Prime Ministers of Cambodia *East Timor **President of East Timor, Presidents of East Timor **Prime Minister of East Timor, Prime Ministers of East Timor *Indonesia **Majapahit **Sailendra **Srivijaya **Kings of Mataram, see ''Mataram Kingdom, Kingdom of Mataram'' **List of Presidents of Indonesia, Presidents of Indonesia **Prime Minister of Indonesia, Prime Ministers of Indonesia *Laos **List of monarchs of Laos, Kings of Laos **General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (''de facto'' leader) **President of Laos, Presidents of Laos **Prime Minister of Laos, Prime Ministers of Laos *Malaysia **Yang di-Pertuan Agong **Prime Minister of Malaysia, Prime Ministers of Malaysia **Sultans of Malay states, example see ''Malacca Sultanate, Sultanate of Malacca'' *Myanmar **List of Burmese monarchs, Kings of Myanmar **List of Presidents of Myanmar, Presidents of Myanmar **Prime Minister of Myanmar, Prime Ministers of Myanmar **State Counsellor of Myanmar *Philippines **Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines, Royal Governor of the Philippines **American Governor-General of the Philippines **President of the Philippines, Presidents of the Philippines **Datus, Rajas, and Sultans of various historical polities within the Philippine Islands, see ''History of the Philippines'' ***List of sultans of Sulu, Sultans of the Sulu Sultanate **List of sovereign state leaders in the Philippines *Singapore **President of Singapore **Prime Minister of Singapore *Thailand **List of Kings of Thailand, Kings of Thailand **House of Chakri, Chakri dynasty **Kings of Ayutthaya, see ''Ayutthaya Kingdom, Ayutthaya kingdom'' **Kings of Haripunchai, see ''Hariphunchai, Haripunchai'' **Kings of Lanna, see ''Lanna'' **Kings of Sukhothai, see ''Sukhothai Kingdom, Sukhothai kingdom'' **List of Prime Ministers of Thailand, Prime Ministers of Thailand **President of the National Assembly of Thailand, Presidents of the National Assembly of Thailand **Leader of the Opposition (Thailand), Leaders of the Opposition of Thailand **Bangkok Metropolitan Administration#List of Governors, Governors of Bangkok *Vietnam **History of Vietnam, Vietnamese dynasties **List of Vietnamese monarchs, Kings of Vietnam **General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (''de facto'' leader) **President of Vietnam **Prime Minister of Vietnam **List of Chairmen of the Standing Committee of the National Assembly of Vietnam, Chairman of National Assembly of Vietnam **Chief Justice of Vietnam

South Asia

*Afghanistan **List of Afghan Transitional Administration personnel, Afghan Transitional Administration personnel **List of leaders of Afghanistan, Leaders of Afghanistan **Prime Minister of Afghanistan#List of prime ministers, Prime ministers of Afghanistan ***Rulers of Kabul ***Rulers of Herat ***Rulers of Kandahar ***Rulers of Peshawar ***Rulers of Ghazni **Ghaznavid emperors, see ''Ghaznavids, Ghaznavid Empire'' **Kabul Shahi (disambiguation), Kabul Shahi dynasty *** Turk Shahi dynasty *** Hindu Shahi dynasty *Bangladesh **List of Presidents of Bangladesh, Presidents of Bangladesh **Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Prime Ministers of Bangladesh *Bhutan **List of rulers of Bhutan, Kings of Bhutan **List of Prime Ministers of Bhutan, Prime Ministers of Bhutan *India *: **List of Indian monarchs **List of presidents of India **List of prime ministers of India **List of Governors of India, Governors, Lieutenant Governors and Administrators of Indian States and Union Territories **Chief Minister (India), Chief Ministers of Indian States *Maldives **List of sultans of the Maldives, Sultans of the Maldives **President of the Maldives, Presidents of the Maldives *Nepal **List of monarchs of Nepal **List of Prime Ministers of Nepal, Prime Ministers of Nepal *Pakistan **List of Presidents of Pakistan, Presidents of Pakistan **List of Prime Ministers of Pakistan, Prime Ministers of Pakistan *Sri Lanka **List of Presidents of Sri Lanka, Presidents of Sri Lanka **List of Prime Ministers of Sri Lanka, Prime Ministers of Sri Lanka

Western Asia

*Armenia **List of Kings of Urartu, Kings of Urartu **List of Armenian Kings **List of rulers of Commagene, Kings of Kommagene **Shaddadid dynasty **President of Armenia **Prime Minister of Armenia *Azerbaijan **Arsacid dynasty of Caucasian Albania **Mihranids **President of Azerbaijan, Presidents of Azerbaijan **Prime Minister of Azerbaijan, Prime Ministers of Azerbaijan **President of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, Presidents of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic *Bahrain **King of Bahrain, Monarchs of Bahrain *Cyprus **Kingdom of Cyprus, Kings of Cyprus ***Officers of the Kingdom of Cyprus **President of Cyprus, Presidents of Cyprus **President of Northern Cyprus, Presidents of Northern Cyprus **List of Prime Ministers of Northern Cyprus, Prime Ministers of Northern Cyprus *Georgia (country), Georgia **Lists of Georgian monarchs **Colchis **Kingdom of Abkhazia ***Divan of the Abkhazian Kings **List of sovereigns of Kakheti **Kingdom of Imereti *** Gurieli **Emirate of Tbilisi, Emirs of Tbilisi **List of leaders of Georgia **Prime Minister of Georgia **Chairman of the Government of Adjara **President of Abkhazia, Presidents of Abkhazia **Prime Minister of Abkhazia, Prime Ministers of Abkhazia **President of South Ossetia, Presidents of South Ossetia **Prime Minister of South Ossetia, Prime Ministers of South Ossetia *Iran **List of heads of state of Iran **List of monarchs of Persia **Supreme Leader of Iran **List of presidents of Iran **List of Premiers of Iran (1699–1907), List of premiers of Iran **List of prime ministers of Iran *Iraq **Sumer ***List of Mesopotamian dynasties **Akkadian Empire, Akkad ***Kings of Akkad **Gutian dynasty of Sumer, Gutian kings **Kings of Assyria **List of kings of Babylon, Kings of Babylon **Rulers of Adiabene **Abbasid, Abbasid Caliphs **Annazid dynasty **List of Kings of Iraq, Kings of Iraq **List of Presidents of Iraq, Presidents of Iraq **List of Prime Ministers of Iraq, Prime Ministers of Iraq **Civilian Administrator of Iraq *Israel **Prime Minister of Israel **President of Israel **History of ancient Israel and Judah, Rulers of Israel and Judah **Kingdom of Israel (Samaria), Kings of Israel **Kingdom of Judah, Kings of Judah **List of High Priests of Israel, High Priests of Israel **Crusader states, Crusader States **Kings of Jerusalem ***Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem ****Principality of Galilee, Princes of Galilee *****Toron, Lords of Toron ****County of Jaffa and Ascalon, Counts of Jaffa and Ascalon *****Lordship of Ramla, Lords of Ramla *****Lordship of Ibelin, Lords of Ibelin ****Oultrejordain, Lords of Oultrejordain ****Lordship of Sidon, Lords of Sidon ***Officers of the Kingdom of Jerusalem **President of the Palestinian National Authority, Presidents of the Palestinian National Authority **Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority, Prime Ministers of the Palestinian National Authority *Jordan (formerly Transjordan) **List of kings of Jordan, Kings of Jordan **Rulers of Nabatea *Kuwait **List of emirs of Kuwait, Emirs of Kuwait **House of Al-Sabah, Al-Sabah *Lebanon **List of Presidents of Lebanon, Presidents of Lebanon **List of Prime Ministers of Lebanon, Prime Ministers of Lebanon **List of speakers of the Parliament of Lebanon, Speakers of the Parliament of Lebanon *Oman (formerly Muscat (and Oman)) **History of Oman, Sultans of Oman *Qatar **List of emirs of Qatar, Emirs of Qatar *Saudi Arabia **Sharif of Mecca **List of kings of Saudi Arabia, Kings of Saudi Arabia *Syria **List of Presidents of Syria, Presidents of Syria **List of Prime Ministers of Syria, Prime Ministers of Syria **King of Syria, Kings of Syria **Osroene **Rulers of Damascus **Zengid dynasty **County of Edessa, Counts of Edessa **Principality of Antioch, Princes of Antioch ***Officers of the Principality of Antioch **Emirs of Shaizar **Ghassanids, Ghassanid kings **Rulers of Aleppo **Mitanni, Hanilgalbat: Kings of Hanilgabat, see ''Mitanni, Hanilgalbat'' and ''Mitanni'' **Ugarit, Kings of Ugarit *Turkey **List of Hittite kings **Kings of Arzawa **List of Kings of Lydia, Kings of Lydia **List of rulers of Bithynia, Kings of Bithynia **List of Kings of Cappadocia, Kings of Cappadocia **Attalid dynasty, Attalid Kings of Pergamon **List of Kings of Pontus, Kings of Pontus ***Pharnacid Dynasty **List of Kings of Galatia, Kings of Galatia **List of Byzantine Emperors, Byzantine Emperors ***Tetrarchy **List of Latin Emperors **Empire of Trebizond **Sultanate of Rûm, Seljuk sultans of Rüm **Anatolian beyliks **List of Sultans of the Ottoman Empire **List of Prime Ministers of Turkey, Prime Ministers of Turkey **List of Presidents of Turkey, Presidents of Turkey *United Arab Emirates **List of Prime Ministers of the United Arab Emirates, Prime Ministers of the United Arab Emirates **President of the United Arab Emirates, Presidents of the United Arab Emirates *Yemen **List of Presidents of Yemen, Presidents of Yemen **Prime Minister of Yemen, Prime Ministers of Yemen **President of Yemen Arab Republic, Presidents of North Yemen **Prime Minister of Yemen Arab Republic, Prime Ministers of North Yemen **President of People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, Presidents of South Yemen **Prime Minister of South Yemen, Prime Ministers of South Yemen

Europe

Eastern Europe

*Belarus **List of rulers of Belarus, List of Belarusian rulers *Moldova **President of Moldova, Presidents of Moldova **List of Prime Ministers of Moldova, Prime Ministers of Moldova **Governor of Gagauzia, Governors of Gagauzia **President of Transnistria, Presidents of Transnistria **Prime Minister of Transnistria, Prime Ministers of Transnistria *Romania **List of Dacian kings, Dacian kings **List of rulers of Wallachia, Rulers of Wallachia **List of rulers of Moldavia, Rulers of Moldavia **Rulers of Transylvania **List of heads of state of Romania **List of Prime Ministers of Romania, Prime Ministers of Romania *Russia and the Soviet Union **List of leaders of Russia **List of Russian monarchs **List of leaders of the Soviet Union, Leaders of the Soviet Union **President of the Soviet Union **Premier of the Soviet Union **List of presidents of Russia, Presidents of Russia **List of heads of government of Russia, Prime Ministers of Russia **Khans of the Golden Horde **List of Kazan khans **List of Khazar rulers **Grand Duke of Kiev, Rulers of Kievan Rus' **Grand Prince of Tver *Ukraine **Grand Duke of Kiev, Rulers of Kievan Rus' **List of rulers of Halych and Volhynia **Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks **List of Crimean khans **List of Presidents of Ukraine, Presidents of Ukraine **List of Prime Ministers of Ukraine, Prime Ministers of Ukraine

Northern Europe

*Denmark **List of Danish monarchs, Danish monarchs **List of Prime Ministers of Denmark, Prime Ministers of Denmark **List of legendary kings of Denmark **Faroe Islands **List of Faroese monarchs, Faroese monarchs **Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands, Prime Ministers of the Faroe Islands **List of Governors of the Faroe Islands, Governor of the Faroe Islands **Greenland **List of Prime Ministers of Greenland, Prime Ministers of Greenland **List of Governors of Greenland, Governors of Greenland **List of Inspectors of Greenland, Inspectors of Greenland *Estonia **Rulers of Estonia, Estonian rulers **List of heads of government of Estonia, Heads of government of Estonia **President of Estonia, Presidents of Estonia **Head of State of Estonia, State Elders of Estonia *Finland **List of Prime Ministers of Finland, Prime Ministers of Finland **List of Presidents of Finland, Presidents of Finland **List of Finnish monarchs, Finnish rulers **Provincial Governors of Finland **Lantråd, Premiers of Åland *Iceland **President of Iceland, Presidents of Iceland **Prime Minister of Iceland, Prime Ministers of Iceland **List of rulers of Iceland, Icelandic rulers **List of lawspeakers, see Lawspeaker *Ireland: Rulers of Ireland *Latvia **List of Presidents of Latvia, Presidents of Latvia **Prime Minister of Latvia, Prime Ministers of Latvia *Lithuania **List of Lithuanian rulers **List of Lithuanian rulers, Presidents of Lithuania **Prime Minister of Lithuania, Prime Ministers of Lithuania *Norway **List of Norwegian monarchs, Norwegian monarchs ***Line of succession to the Norwegian Throne **List of legendary kings of Norway, Legendary kings of Norway **Heads of government of Norway, Norwegian Prime Ministers *Sweden **List of Swedish monarchs, Swedish monarchs **List of Prime Ministers of Sweden, Prime Ministers of Sweden **List of Swedish Field Marshals, Swedish Field Marshals **List of County Governors of Sweden, County Governors of Sweden **Semi-legendary kings of Sweden, Swedish semi-legendary kings **Mythical kings of Sweden, Mythological kings of Sweden **King of the Geats, Kings of Geatland *List of Blekinge Governors, Blekinge Governors *List of Dalarna Governors, Dalarna Governors *List of Gävleborg Governors, Gävleborg Governors *List of Gotland Governors, Gotland Governors *List of Halland Governors, Halland Governors *List of Jämtland Governors, Jämtland Governors *List of Jönköping Governors, Jönköping Governors *List of Kalmar County Governors, Kalmar Governors *List of Kronoberg Governors, Kronoberg Governors *List of Norrbotten Governors, Norrbotten Governors *List of Skåne Governors, Skåne Governors *List of Stockholm Governors, Stockholm Governors *List of Södermanland Governors, Södermanland Governors *List of Uppsala Governors, Uppsala Governors *List of Värmland Governors, Värmland Governors *List of Västerbotten Governors, Västerbotten Governors *List of Västernorrland Governors, Västernorrland Governors *List of Västmanland Governors, Västmanland Governors *List of Västra Götaland Governors, Västra Götaland Governors *List of Örebro Governors, Örebro Governors *List of Östergötland Governors, Östergötland Governors *United Kingdom: List of rulers of the United Kingdom and predecessor states

Central Europe

*Austria **List of rulers of Austria, Rulers of Austria **Emperor of Austria, Emperors of Austria **List of Foreign Ministers of Austria-Hungary, Foreign Ministers of Austria-Hungary **List of Ministers-President of Austria, Ministers-President of Austria **List of Federal Presidents of Austria, Federal Presidents of Austria **List of Chancellors of Austria, Chancellors of Austria (Vice-Chancellor of Austria, Vice Chancellors of Austria) **House of Habsburg, Habsburg **House of Babenberg, Babenberg **List of rulers of Austria, Margraves, dukes, and archdukes of Austria **Dukes of Styria, see ''Duchy of Styria, Styria (duchy)'' **Dukes of Carinthia, see ''Duchy of Carinthia, Carinthia (duchy)'' *Czech Republic **List of rulers of Bohemia, Rulers of Bohemia (Czech lands) **List of presidents of Czechoslovakia **List of prime ministers of Czechoslovakia ** List of rulers of the Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia **List of presidents of the Czech Republic, Presidents of the Czech Republic **List of Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic, Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic *Germany: Rulers of Germany *Hungary **List of Hungarian rulers **List of heads of state of Hungary **List of Prime Ministers of Hungary, Prime Ministers of Hungary *Liechtenstein **List of princes of Liechtenstein, Princes of Liechtenstein **List of Liechtenstein Heads of Government, Liechtenstein Heads of Government *Poland **List of Polish monarchs, Polish rulers **Dukes of Silesia **Dukes of Masovia, Dukes of Mazovia **Dukes of Greater Poland **Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca, Dukes of Łęczyca **Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca, Dukes of Sieradz **Duchy of Teschen, Duchy of Cieszyn **Dukes of Pomerania **List of prime ministers of Poland **List of Polish presidents *Slovakia **List of Presidents of Slovakia, Presidents of Slovakia **List of Prime Ministers of Slovakia, Prime Ministers of Slovakia **List of leaders of Slovak parliaments, Parliament leaders of Slovakia *Switzerland **List of members of the Swiss Federal Council, Members of the Swiss Federal Council ***List of Presidents of the Swiss Confederation, Presidents of the Confederation ***Heads of the Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports, see ''Military of Switzerland#Defence ministers, Military of Switzerland'' ***Heads of the Department of Foreign Affairs: see ''International relations of Switzerland#List of ministers, International relations of Switzerland'' ***Heads of the Federal Department of Home Affairs (Switzerland), Department of Home Affairs ***Heads of the Federal Department of Finance ***Heads of the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications ***Heads of the Federal Department of Economic Affairs ***Heads of the Federal Department of Justice and Police **List of Federal Chancellors of Switzerland, Federal Chancellors of Switzerland **Presidents of the National Council of Switzerland, Presidents of the Swiss National Council **List of Presidents of the Swiss Council of States, Presidents of the Swiss Council of States **List of members of the Swiss National Council (2003–2007), Members of the Swiss National Council **List of members of the Swiss Council of States, Members of the Swiss Council of States **List of Chief Justices of the Swiss Supreme Court, Chief Justices of the Swiss Supreme Court **List of Presidents of the Swiss Diet, Presidents of the Swiss Diet (before 1848)

Southern Europe

*Albania **List of rulers of Illyria **List of Albanian monarchs, Monarchs of Albania **List of Prime Ministers of Albania, Prime Ministers of Albania **List of Presidents of Albania, Presidents of Albania *Andorra **List of Co-Princes of Andorra, Co-Princes of Andorra ***Diocese of Urgell, Bishop of Urgell **List of heads of government of Andorra, Prime Ministers of Andorra *Bosnia and Herzegovina **List of rulers of Bosnia **Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Members of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina **Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Prime Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina *Bulgaria **Thracian kings **Odrysian kingdom, Kings of Odrysia **Moesia: Roman governors of Lower Moesia **List of Bulgarian monarchs, Bulgarian monarchs **List of Prime Ministers of Bulgaria, Prime Ministers of Bulgaria **List of Presidents of Bulgaria, Presidents of Bulgaria *Croatia **List of rulers of Croatia **List of Presidents of Croatia, Presidents of Croatia **List of Prime Ministers of Croatia, Prime Ministers of Croatia ***Governors and Heads of State of Fiume ***Heads of state of Krajina ***Heads of government of Krajina *Greece: Rulers of Greece *Italy: Rulers of Italy *Kosovo **President of Kosovo, Presidents of Kosovo **Prime Minister of Kosovo *North Macedonia **President of North Macedonia, Presidents of North Macedonia **Prime Minister of North Macedonia, Prime Ministers of North Macedonia *Malta **List of heads of state of Malta, Presidents of Malta, 1974–present **List of Prime Ministers of Malta, Prime Ministers of Malta, 1921–1933, 1947–1958, 1962–present **Monarchs of Malta, 1091–1798, 1800–1974 **List of Grand Masters of the Knights Hospitaller, Grand Masters of Malta, 1530–1798 **List of Civil Commissioners of Malta, Civil Commissioners of Malta, 1799–1813 **List of Governors of Malta, Governors of Malta, 1813–1964 **List of Governors-General of Malta, Governors-General of Malta, 1964–1974 *Montenegro **List of rulers of Montenegro, Rulers of Montenegro **List of presidents of Montenegro **Prime Minister of Montenegro *Portugal **List of Portuguese monarchs, Portuguese monarchs **List of Dukes of Braganza, Dukes of Braganza **Princes of Beira **List of Prime Ministers of Portugal, Prime Ministers of Portugal **List of Presidents of Portugal, Presidents of Portugal **List of Portuguese monarchs *San Marino **List of Captains Regent of San Marino, Captains Regent of San Marino, 1900–present **List of Captains Regent of San Marino, 1700–1900, Captains Regent of San Marino, 1700–1900 **List of Captains Regent of San Marino, 1500–1700, Captains Regent of San Marino, 1500–1700 **List of Captains Regent of San Marino, 1243–1500, Captains Regent of San Marino, 1243–1500 *Serbia **List of Presidents of Serbia, Presidents of Serbia **List of Prime Ministers of Serbia, Prime Ministers of Serbia **President of the Government of Vojvodina **List of heads of state of Yugoslavia **Prime Minister of Yugoslavia **President of Serbia and Montenegro **Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro **List of Serbian monarchs, Monarchs of Serbia **Principality of Zeta, Princes of Zeta *Slovenia **President of Slovenia, Presidents of Slovenia **Prime Minister of Slovenia *Spain **Rulers of Spain **President of the Republic (Spain), Presidents of Spain **List of Prime Ministers of Spain, Prime Ministers of Spain *Vatican City **List of popes, Popes **Cardinal Secretary of State

Western Europe

*Belgium **Monarchy of Belgium, Belgian monarchs **List of Prime Ministers of Belgium, Prime Ministers of Belgium **Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands **Minister-President of the Brussels-Capital Region **List of Ministers-President of the Flemish Community **List of Ministers-President of the Walloon Region **List of Ministers-President of the French Community **List of Ministers-President of the German-speaking Community *France: List of rulers of France, Rulers of France *Luxembourg **List of Prime Ministers of Luxembourg, Prime Ministers of Luxembourg **List of Grand Dukes of Luxembourg, Grand Duke of Luxembourg **Counts, Dukes and Grand Dukes of Luxembourg, List of Counts and Dukes of Luxembourg *Monaco **List of rulers of Monaco, Princes of Monaco ***Line of succession to the Monegasque Throne, Succession to the Monegasque Throne **Minister of State (Monaco), Ministers of State **National Council (Monaco), Prime Ministers of Monaco *Netherlands **Monarchy of the Netherlands, Dutch monarchy **List of Prime Ministers of the Netherlands, Prime Ministers of the Netherlands **List of rulers of the Netherlands **Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands **Low Countries (Netherlands, Belgium): **List of Counts of Ostfriesland, Rulers of East Frisia **Rulers of Frisia **Princes of Orange, Prince of Orange **Dukes of Brabant, Duke of Brabant **Lords and margraves of Bergen op Zoom **Guelders, Dukes and counts of Guelders **List of rulers of Lorraine, Duke of Lower Lorraine **Count of Bouillon **Counts of Flanders, Count of Flanders **Counts of Hainaut, Count of Hainaut **Count of Holland **Counts of Leuven **Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Utrecht, Bishop of Utrecht **Marquis of Namur

Oceania

Australasia

*Australia **List of Australian monarchs, Monarchs of Australia **List of Governors-General of Australia, Governors-General of Australia **Cabinet of Australia ***List of Prime Ministers of Australia, Prime Ministers of Australia ***Deputy Prime Minister of Australia, Deputy Prime Ministers of Australia ***Attorney-General for Australia, Attorneys General for Australia ***Minister for Defence (Australia), Ministers for Defence ***Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia), Ministers for Foreign Affairs ***Treasurer of Australia, Treasurers of Australia *Premiers of New South Wales *Premiers of Queensland *Premiers of South Australia *Premiers of Tasmania *Premiers of Victoria *Premier of Western Australia *Heads of government of Norfolk Island *Chief Minister of the Northern Territory *Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory *Governors of New South Wales *Governors of Queensland *Governors of South Australia *Governors of Tasmania *Governors of Victoria *Governor of Western Australia *Administrative heads of Norfolk Island, Administrative Heads of Norfolk Island *Administrator of the Northern Territory *Administrative heads of Jervis Bay, Administrative Heads of Jervis Bay *Administrative heads of Australian Antarctic Territory, Administrative Heads of Australian Antarctic Territory *Administrative heads of Macquarie Island, Administrative Heads of Macquarie Island *Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Cocos Islands **King of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, King of the Cocos Islands *New Zealand **List of Governors-General of New Zealand, Governors-General of New Zealand **New Zealand Cabinet ***List of Prime Ministers of New Zealand, Prime Ministers of New Zealand ***Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand, Deputy Prime Ministers of New Zealand ***Minister of Finance (New Zealand), Ministers of Finance ***Minister of Foreign Affairs (New Zealand), Ministers of Foreign Affairs **Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives, Speakers of the House of Representatives **Māori King Movement, Māori Kings and Queens *Mayor of Auckland, Mayors of Auckland *Mayor of Christchurch, Mayors of Christchurch *Mayor of Dunedin, Mayors of Dunedin *Mayor of Wellington, Mayors of Wellington

Melanesia

*Fiji **Chairman of the Great Council of Chiefs, Chairmen of Fiji's Great Council of Chiefs **Chief Justice of Fiji **Governor of Fiji, Colonial Governors of Fiji **Head of State of Fiji, Fijian Heads of State **Minister for Foreign Affairs (Fiji), Foreign Ministers of Fiji **Governor-General of Fiji, Governors-General of Fiji **House of Representatives of Fiji (abolished in 2013) **Minister for iTaukei Affairs, Ministers for Fijian Affairs **President of Fiji, Presidents of Fiji **Prime Minister of Fiji, Prime Ministers of Fiji **Senate of Fiji (abolished in 2013) **Speaker of the House of Representatives of Fiji, Speakers of the Fijian House of Representatives **Vice-President of Fiji, Vice-Presidents of Fiji *Papua New Guinea **Governor-General of Papua New Guinea **List of Prime Ministers of Papua New Guinea, Prime Ministers of Papua New Guinea *Solomon Islands **Governor-General of Solomon Islands **Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands *Vanuatu **President of Vanuatu **Prime Minister of Vanuatu

Micronesia

*Kiribati **President of Kiribati *Marshall Islands **List of Presidents of the Marshall Islands, Presidents of the Marshall Islands *Federated States of Micronesia **President of the Federated States of Micronesia *Nauru **President of Nauru *Palau **President of Palau

Polynesia

*Cook Islands **Prime Minister of the Cook Islands, Prime Ministers of the Cook Islands *Niue **Premier of Niue, Premiers of Niue *Samoa **O le Ao o le Malo, Samoan Heads of State ***Malietoa **List of the Council of Deputies of Samoa, Members of the Council of Deputies of Samoa **Prime Minister of Samoa, Prime Ministers of Samoa **Chief Justice (Samoa), Chief Justice of Samoa **List of Finance Ministers of Samoa, Finance Ministers of Samoa **List of Foreign Affairs Ministers of Samoa, Foreign Affairs Ministers of Samoa **List of Health Ministers of Samoa, Health Ministers of Samoa **List of Education Ministers of Samoa, Education Ministers of Samoa **List of Public Works Ministers of Samoa, Public Works Ministers of Samoa **National Legislative Assembly (Samoa), Fono Aoao Faitulafono o Samoa - current membership (2006) *Tonga **List of monarchs of Tonga, Kings of Tonga **Prime Minister of Tonga, Prime Ministers of Tonga *Tuvalu **Governor-General of Tuvalu, Governor-Generals of Tuvalu **Prime Minister of Tuvalu, Prime Ministers of Tuvalu

Religious leaders

Christian

*List of current Christian leaders :*Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops, List of Patriarchs, Archbishops and Bishops

Catholic Church

*List of popes **List of Grand Masters of the Knights Hospitaller, Grand Masters of the Knights Hospitaller ***List of the priors of St John of Jerusalem in England, Priors of St John of Jerusalem in England

Anglican Communion

*List of Archbishops of Canterbury *List of Primates in the Anglican Communion, Anglican Primates

Other denominations

*General of The Salvation Army *Moderator of the United Church of Canada *President of the Church (LDS Church), President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints *List of Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople, Patriarchs of Constantinople

Judaism

*List of Chief Rabbis of the United Hebrew Congregations, Chief Rabbis of the United Kingdom *Chief Rabbinate of Israel, Chief Rabbis of Israel

Hinduism

*Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh *Arya Samaja

Islam

*Caliphate *Imamah (Shi'a doctrine), Shi'a Imam

Buddhist

*Dalai Lama *Panchen Lama *Karmapa *Shamarpa *Sakya Trizin *Supreme Patriarch of Thailand *Supreme Patriarch of Cambodia

Other lists

* List of the oldest living state leaders * List of current governments * List of current vice presidents and designated acting presidents * List of current presidents of legislatures

Ministers by portfolio

*Defence minister *Finance minister *Foreign minister *Interior minister *Justice minister

Municipal leaders

External links

Current Heads of StateArchontology, by Oleg SchultzRulers, by B. Schemmel
- detailed lists (including regional and religious leaders) from 1700.
World Statesmen, by Ben Cahoon
{{DEFAULTSORT:Office holders Lists of office-holders,