This is a list of all

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

and

subspecies In biological classification, subspecies is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics (morphology), but that can successfully interbreed. Not all species ...

of the subfamily

Viperinae The Viperinae, or viperines, are a subfamily of vipers endemic to Europe, Asia and Africa. They are distinguished by their lack of the heat-sensing pit organs that characterize their sister group, the subfamily Crotalinae. Currently, 13 genera a ...

, otherwise referred to as viperines, true vipers, pitless vipers or Old World vipers. It follows the taxonomy of McDiarmid et al. (1999)McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. (series). (volume). and ITIS. *'' Atheris'', Bush vipers **'' Atheris acuminata'' **''

Atheris anisolepis ''Atheris anisolepis'', otherwise known as the Mayombe bush-viper, is a species of viper endemic to west-central Africa.McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. ''Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1''. Wa ...

'' **'' Atheris barbouri'', Uzungwe mountain bush viper **'' Atheris broadleyi'' **'' Atheris ceratophora'', Horned bush viper **''

Atheris chlorechis :''Common names: western bush viper,Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. . West African leaf viper,Mehrtens JM. 1987. ''Liv ...

'', Western bush viper **''

Atheris desaixi ''Atheris desaixi'', commonly known as the Mount Kenya bush viper, Spawls S, Branch B (1995). ''The Dangerous Snakes of Africa''. Dubai: Ralph Curtis Books / Oriental Press. 192 pp. . Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G (2003). ''True Vipers: Natural ...

'', Mount Kenya bush viper **'' Atheris hetfieldi'' **'' Atheris hirsuta'', Tai hairy bush viper **'' Atheris hispida'', Bristly bush viper **'' Atheris katangensis'', Katanga mountain bush viper **'' Atheris mabuensis'', Mount Mabu forest viper **'' Atheris matildae'', Matilda's horned viper **'' Atheris mongoensis'' **'' Atheris nitschei'', Great Lakes bush viper **'' Atheris rungweensis'', Rungwe tree viper **''

Atheris squamigera ''Atheris squamigera'' (common names: green bush viper,David Mallow, Mallow D, David Ludwig (herpetologist), Ludwig D, Göran Nilson, Nilson G (2003). ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger ...

'', Rough-scaled bush viper **'' Atheris subocularis'' *''

Bitis ''Bitis'' is a genus of venomous vipers found in Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula. It includes the largest and the smallest vipers in the world. Members are known for their characteristic threat displays that involve inflating and defla ...

'', Puff adders **''

Bitis albanica The Albany adder (''Bitis albanica'') is a viper species. It was previously considered a subspecies of ''Bitis cornuta''. Its range is restricted to eastern and southern Cape Province in South Africa. Like all vipers, it is venomous. It is ex ...

'', Albany adder **'' Bitis arietans'', Common puff adder ***'' Bitis arietans arietans'', Common puff adder ***'' Bitis arietans somalica'', Somali puff adder **'' Bitis armata'', Southern adder **''

Bitis atropos The berg adder (''Bitis atropos'') is a venomous viper species endemic to mountainous regions in southern Africa. No subspecies are currently recognized. Taxonomy The specific name, ''atropos'', refers to the Greek mythological goddess Atropos ...

'', Mountain adder **''

Bitis caudalis The horned adder (''Bitis caudalis'') is a viper species. It is found in the arid region of southwest Africa, in Angola, Botswana, Namibia; South Africa, and Zimbabwe. It is easily distinguished by the presence of a single, large horn-like scale ...

'', Horned adder **''

Bitis cornuta The many-horned adder (''Bitis cornuta'') is a viper species. It is found in certain rocky desert areas, mostly along the Atlantic coast of southern Africa, in western South Africa and southwestern Namibia. It has characteristic tufts of "horns" ...

'', Many-horned adder **''

Bitis gabonica The Gaboon viper (''Bitis gabonica''), also called the Gaboon adder, is a viper species found in the rainforests and savannas of sub-Saharan Africa.McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. ''Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geograp ...

'', Gaboon viper (3003 Viper) ***''

'', East African gaboon viper **'' Bitis harenna'' **''

Bitis heraldica ''Bitis heraldica'' is a venomous viper species endemic to Angola. It is easily distinguished from '' B. caudalis'' by its heavily speckled belly and lack of any supraocular "horns". No subspecies are currently recognized. Taxonomy Its common na ...

'', Angolan adder **''

Bitis inornata :''Common names: plain mountain adder, hornless adder.Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G (2003). ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. .Spawls, Stephen; Branch, Bill ( ...

'', Plain mountain adder **''

Bitis nasicornis ''Bitis nasicornis'' is a viper species found in the forests of West and Central Africa. This large viper is known for its striking coloration and prominent nasal "horns". No subspecies are currently recognized. Its common names include butterfly ...

'', Rhinoceros viper **''

Bitis parviocula :''Common name: Bale Mountains adder, Ethiopian mountain adder,Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. .Spawls S, Branch B. 19 ...

'', Ethiopian viper **''

Bitis peringueyi ''Bitis peringueyi'', also known as the Peringuey's adder, Spawls S, Branch B (1995). ''The Dangerous Snakes of Africa''. Dubai: Ralph Curtis Books. Oriental Press. 192 pp. . Peringuey's desert adder or desert sidewinding adder, Mallow D, Ludwig ...

'', Peringuey's desert adder **''

Bitis rhinoceros :''Common names: West African Gaboon viper, Gabino viperMallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. (2003). ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. .'' ''Bitis rhinoceros'' is ...

'', West African gaboon viper **''

Bitis rubida The red adder (''Bitis rubida'') is a viper species found only in Western Cape Province, South Africa. No subspecies are currently recognised. Like all other vipers, it is venomous. Taxonomy ''Bitis rubida'' was described as a new species in 1 ...

'', Red adder **''

Bitis schneideri :''Common names: Namaqua dwarf adder, Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G (2003). ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. . Spawls S, Branch B (1995). ''The Dangerous S ...

'', Namaqua dwarf adder **'' Bitis worthingtoni'', Kenyan horned viper **''

Bitis xeropaga ''Bitis xeropaga'', commonly known as the desert mountain adderMallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. .Spawls S, Branch B. 19 ...

'', Desert mountain adder *''

Causus ''Causus'' is a genus of vipers found only in sub-Saharan Africa. It is a group considered to be among the most primitive members of the family Viperidae based on head scalation, oviparity, venom apparatus, and because they have round pupils. How ...

'', night adders **''

Causus bilineatus ''Causus bilineatus'' is a viper species endemic to south central Africa. No subspecies are currently recognized. Common names include lined night adder,Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old Wor ...

'', lined night adder, two-striped night adder **''

Causus defilippii ''Causus defilippii'', commonly known as snouted night adder, is a species of snake in the family Viperidae. The species is endemic to East and Southern Africa. Although its venom is nonlethal to humans, it is still considered medically significa ...

'', snouted night adder **''

Causus lichtensteinii ''Causus lichtensteinii'' is a viper species endemic to western, central, and eastern Africa. There are no subspecies that are recognized as being valid. Like all other vipers, it is venomous. Etymology The specific name, or epithet, ''lichten ...

'', forest night adder **''

Causus maculatus ''Causus maculatus'' is viper species found mainly in West- and Central Africa. No subspecies are currently recognized. Common names include forest rhombic night adder,Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinolo ...

'', forest rhombic night adder, West African night adder **''

Causus rasmusseni ''Causus'' is a genus of Viperidae, vipers found only in sub-Saharan Africa. It is a group considered to be among the most primitive members of the family Viperidae based on head scalation, oviparity, venom apparatus, and because they have round ...

'' **''

Causus resimus ''Causus resimus'' is a viper species found in isolated populations distributed across tropical Africa. No subspecies are currently recognized. Like all other vipers, it is venomous. Description Averages 30–60 cm in length with a maximum ...

'', green night adder **''

Causus rhombeatus ''Causus rhombeatus'', commonly known as the rhombic night adder, is a viper species endemic to subsaharan Africa. No subspecies are currently recognized. Like all other vipers, it is venomous. Description With an average total length (body + ta ...

'', rhombic night adder *''

Cerastes The cerastes (Greek: κεράστης, transliteration: ''kerastēs'', meaning "having horns"Cerastes boehmeii '' Tunesian horned viper **'' Cerastes cerastes'', Saharan horned viper **''

Cerastes gasperettii :''Common names: Arabian horned viper, desert horned viper,Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G (2003). ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. . Middle Eastern horned vi ...

'', Arabian horned viper **'' Cerastes vipera'', Sahara sand viper *''

Daboia ''Daboia'' is a genus of venomous vipers.. Species The following four species are recognized as being valid: *''Daboia mauritanica'' – Moorish viper *''Daboia palaestinae'' – Palestine viper *''Daboia russelii'' – Russell's viper *''Da ...

'' **''

Daboia mauritanica The Moorish viper (''Daboia mauritanica'' or ''Macrovipera mauritanica''; common names: Moorish viper,Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florid ...

'', Moorish viper **''

Daboia palaestinae ''Daboia palaestinae'', also known as the Palestine viper,Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers.'' Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. .Mehrtens JM. 1987. ''Living ...

'', Palestine viper **'' Daboia russelii'', Russel's viper **''

Daboia siamensis ''Daboia siamensis'' (Common name: eastern Russell's viper, ...

'', Eastern Russel's viper *''

Echis ''Echis'' (common names: saw-scaled vipers, carpet vipersSpawls S, Branch B. 1995. ''The Dangerous Snakes of Africa''. Dubai: Ralph Curtis Books. Oriental Press. 192 pp. .) is a genus of vipers found in the dry regions of Africa, the Middle East ...

'', Saw-scaled vipers **'' Echis borkini'' **''

Echis carinatus ''Echis carinatus'', known as the saw-scaled viper,Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G (2003). ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. . Indian saw-scaled viper, little I ...

'', Saw-scaled viper ***''

Echis carinatus astolae ''Echis carinatus astolae'', known as the Astola saw-scaled viper,
a
Echis carinatus carinatus'', South Indian saw-scaled viper ***''

Echis carinatus multisquamatus ''Echis carinatus multisquamatus'', known as the multiscale saw-scaled viper and transcaspian saw-scaled viper,

'', Central Asian saw-scaled viper ***'' Echis carinatus sinhaleyus'', Sri Lankan saw-scaled viper ***''

Echis carinatus sochureki :''Common names: Sochurek's saw-scaled viper, eastern saw-scaled viper,
a
Echis coloratus ''Echis coloratus'', known as the painted saw-scaled viper,Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. . painted carpet viper, Burt ...

'', Painted saw-scaled viper **''

Echis hughesi ''Echis hughesi'', known as the Hughes' carpet viper, Somali carpet viper,Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G (2003). ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. . and Hughes ...

'', Hughes' saw-scaled viper **'' Echis jogeri'', Joger's saw-scaled viper **'' Echis khosatzkii'' **''

Echis leucogaster ''Echis leucogaster'', also known as the white-bellied carpet viperMallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. .Spawls S, Branch B. ...

'', White-bellied saw-scaled viper **'' Echis megalocephalus'', Cherlin's saw-scaled viper **''

Echis ocellatus ''Echis ocellatus'', known by the common names West African carpet viperMallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. .Spawls S, Bra ...

'', West African saw-scaled viper **''

Echis omanensis ''Echis omanensis'', commonly known as the Oman saw-scaled viper, is a species of viper. Like all other vipers, it is venomous Venom or zootoxin is a type of toxin produced by an animal that is actively delivered through a wound by means ...

'', Oman saw-scaled viper **''

Echis pyramidum ''Echis pyramidum'', known as the Northeast African carpet viper,Spawls S, Branch B. 1995. ''The Dangerous Snakes of Africa''. Dubai: Ralph Curtis Books. Oriental Press. 192 pp. . Egyptian saw-scaled viper,Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. '' ...

'', Egyptian saw-scaled viper ***'' Echis pyramidum aliaborri'', Red carpet viper ***'' Echis pyramidum leakeyi'', Kenyan carpet viper ***'' Echis pyramidum pyramidum'', Egyptian saw-scaled viper **'' Echis romani'' *''

Eristicophis ''Eristicophis'' is a monotypic genus created for the viper species, ''Eristicophis macmahonii'', which is endemic to the desert region of Balochistan near the borders of Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. Common names for the species include McMa ...

'', McMahon's desert viper **''

Eristicophis macmahonii ''Eristicophis'' is a monotypic genus created for the viper species, ''Eristicophis macmahonii'', which is endemic to the desert region of Balochistan near the borders of Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. Common names for the species include McMa ...

'', McMahon's desert viper *''

Macrovipera ''Macrovipera'', known as the large Palearctic vipers,Spawls S, William Roy "Bill" Branch, Branch B. 1995. ''The Dangerous Snakes of Africa''. Dubai: Ralph Curtis Books. Oriental Press. 192 pp. . is a genus of Viperinae, vipers that inhabit the S ...

'', Large Palearctic vipers **''

Macrovipera lebetina ''Macrovipera lebetinus'', known as the blunt-nosed viper, Lebetine viper, Levant viper,Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. ...

'', Blunt-nosed viper ***''

Macrovipera lebetina cernovi ''Macrovipera lebetinus cernovi'', known as the Chernov blunt-nosed viper, is a viper subspecies endemic to Asia. Like all other vipers, it is venomous. Etymology The subspecific name, ''cernovi'', is in honor of Soviet herpetologist Sergius Al ...

'' ***''

Macrovipera lebetina lebetina ''Macrovipera'', known as the large Palearctic vipers,Spawls S, Branch B. 1995. ''The Dangerous Snakes of Africa''. Dubai: Ralph Curtis Books. Oriental Press. 192 pp. . is a genus of vipers that inhabit the semideserts and steppes of North Af ...

'', Blunt-nosed viper ***''

Macrovipera lebetina obtusa :''Common names: West-Asian blunt-nosed viper,Steward JW. 1971. ''The Snakes of Europe''. Cranbury, New Jersey: Associated University Press (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press). 238 pp. LCCCN 77-163307. . Levant blunt-nosed viper.Mehrtens JM. 1 ...

'', West-Asian blunt-nosed viper ***'' Macrovipera lebetina transmediterranea'' ***''

Macrovipera lebetina turanica :''Common names: Turan blunt-nosed viper.Mehrtens JM. 1987. ''Living Snakes of the World in Color''. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp. .'' ''Macrovipera lebetinus turanica'' is a venomous viper subspecies endemic to Asia.Mallow D, Ludwig D, ...

'', Turan blunt-nosed viper **'' Macrovipera razii'' **''

Macrovipera schweizeri ''Macrovipera lebetinus schweizeri'', commonly known as the Milos viper or Cyclades blunt-nosed viper. Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G (2003). ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing ...

'', Milos viper **''

Montatheris hindii ''Montatheris'' is a monotypic genus created for the viper species, ''Montatheris hindii'', which also known by the common names Kenya mountain viper,Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G (2003). ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World ...

'', Montane viper *'' Montivipera'' **'' Montivipera albizona'', Central Turkish mountain viper **'' Montivipera bornmuelleri'', Lebanon viper (Endangered) **''

Montivipera bulgardaghica The Mount Bulgar viper (''Montivipera bulgardaghica''), also called the Bulgardagh viperMallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar ...

'', Mount Bulgar viper **'' Montivipera kuhrangica'', Kuhrang mountain viper **'' Montivipera latifii'', Latifi's viper **''

Montivipera raddei ''Montivipera raddei'', also known as the Armenian viperMehrtens JM (1987). ''Living Snakes of the World in Color''. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp. . and by many other common names, is a species of venomous snake in the subfamily Viperina ...

'', Rock viper ***'' Montivipera raddei albicornuta'', Iranian mountain viper ***'' Montivipera raddei kurdistanica '', Kurdistan viper **'' Montivipera wagneri'', Ocellated mountain viper **''

Montivipera xanthina ''Montivipera xanthina'', known as the rock viper, coastal viper, Ottoman viper,Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. . and b ...

'', Rock viper *'' Proatheris'', Lowland swamp viper **'' Proatheris superciliaris'', Lowland swamp viper *''

Pseudocerastes ''Pseudocerastes'' is a genus of vipers endemic to the Middle East and Asia. It was originally created as a monotypic genus in 1896 by Boulenger for the species ''Pseudocerastes persicus'', but three species are now recognised: the spider-tailed ...

'' **''

Pseudocerastes fieldi Field's horned viperMallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G (2003). ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 359 pp. . (''Pseudocerastes fieldi'') is a viper species ...

'', Field's horned viper **'' Pseudocerastes persicus'', Persian horned viper **''

Pseudocerastes urarachnoides The spider-tailed horned viper (''Pseudocerastes urarachnoides''), also known as the spider-snake, is a species of viper, a venomous snake, in the family Viperidae and genus '' Pseudocerastes''. The genus is commonly known as "false-horned vipers ...

'', Iranian spider viper *''

Vipera ''Vipera'' (; commonly known as the palaearctic vipersSpawls S, Branch B (1995). ''The Dangerous Snakes of Africa: Natural History, Species Directory, Venoms and Snakebite''. Sanibel Island, Florida: Ralph Curtis Books / Dubai: Oriental Press. 1 ...

'', Palearctic vipers **'' Vipera altaica '', Kazachstan viper **'' Vipera ammodytes'', Sand viper ***'' Vipera ammodytes ammodytes'', Western sand viper ***'' Vipera ammodytes gregorwallneri'' ***'' Vipera ammodytes meridionalis'', Eastern sand viper ***'' Vipera ammodytes montandoni'', Transdanubian sand viper **'' Vipera anatolica '', Anatolian viper (critically endangered) **''

Vipera aspis ''Vipera aspis'' is a viper species found in southwestern Europe. Its common names include asp, asp viper,Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Krieger Publishing Company, Malaba ...

'', Asp viper ***''

Vipera aspis aspis #REDIRECT Vipera aspis ''Vipera aspis'' is a viper species found in southwestern Europe. Its common names include asp, asp viper,Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Krieger Pu ...

'', European asp ***'' Vipera aspis atra'', Black asp ***'' Vipera aspis francisciredi'', Central Italian asp ***'' Vipera aspis hugyi'', Southern Italian asp ***'' Vipera aspis zinnikeri'', Gascony asp **'' Vipera barani'', Baran's adder **''

Vipera berus ''Vipera berus'', the common European adderMallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. (2003). ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. . or common European viper,Stidworthy J. (1974). ...

'', common viper, adder ***'' Vipera berus berus'', Common European adder ***'' Vipera berus bosniensis'', Balkan cross adder ***'' Vipera berus sachalinensis'', Sakhalin Island adder **'' Vipera darevskii'', Darevsky's viper **'' Vipera dinniki'', Dinnik's viper **'' Vipera ebneri '', Iranian Mountain steppe viper **''

Vipera eriwanensis ''Vipera eriwanensis'', Common name, commonly known as the Alburzi viper or the Armenian steppe viper, is a species of venomous snake in the Family (biology), family Viperidae. The species is native to western Asia. There are two recognized subsp ...

'', Armenian steppe viper **'' Vipera graeca'', Greek meadow viper **''

Vipera kaznakovi ''Vipera kaznakovi'', known as the Caucasus viper, Kaznakow's viper,Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G (2003). ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. . Kaznakov's viper ...

'', Caucasus viper **''

Vipera latastei ''Vipera latastei'', known as Lataste's viper, the snub-nosed viper,Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G (2003). ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. . and the snub-nos ...

'', Lataste's viper ***'' Vipera latastei gaditana'' ***'' Vipera latastei latastei'', Lataste's viper **''

Vipera lotievi ''Vipera lotievi'', commonly known as the Caucasian meadow viper,Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G (2003). ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. . is a species of ven ...

'', Caucasian meadow viper **'' Vipera magnifica'', Magnificent viper **'' Vipera monticola'', Atlas mountain viper **''

Vipera nikolskii :''Common names: Nikolsky's adder, forest-steppe adder.Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. .'' ''Vipera nikolskii'' is a v ...

'', Nikolski's viper **'' Vipera olguni'' **'' Vipera orlovi'', Orlov's viper (critically Endangered) **'' Vipera pontica'', Pontic adder, Black sea viper **'' Vipera renardi'', Steppe viper ***'' Vipera renardi renardi'' ***'' Vipera renardi parursini'' **'' Vipera renardi tienshanica'', Kasackstan steppe viper **'' Vipera seoanei'', Baskian viper ***''

Vipera seoanei cantabrica :''Common names: (none).'' ''Vipera seoanei cantabrica'' is a venomous viper subspecies endemic to the Cantabrian Mountains in Spain.Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar ...

'' ***'' Vipera seoanei seoanei'', Baskian viper **'' Vipera shemakhensis'' **'' Vipera transcaucasiana'', Transcaucasian longnose viper **''

Vipera ursinii :''Common names: meadow viper, Ursini's viper, Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G (2003). ''True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers''. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. . meadow adder,Brown, John Haynes (1973). ''To ...

'', Meadow vipers ***'' Vipera ursinii macrops'', Albanian meadow viper ***'' Vipera ursinii moldavica'', Romanian meadow viper ***''

Vipera ursinii rakosiensis The Hungarian meadow viper (''Vipera ursinii rakosiensis''; Hungarian language, Hungarian name: ''rákosi vipera''), also called the Danubian meadow viperSteward JW (1971). ''The Snakes of Europe''. Cranbury, New Jersey: Associated University P ...

'', Hungarian meadow viper ***'' Vipera ursinii wettsteini'', Provence meadow viper ***'' Vipera ursinii ursini '', Italian meadow viper **''

Vipera walser ''Vipera walser'', the Walser viper or Piedmont viper is a viper endemic to the western Italian Alps. While long considered as an isolated population of ''Vipera berus'', molecular analyses have shown it to be a distinct species related to the '' ...

'', Piemont viper

References

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