The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Venezuela: Venezuela – sovereign country located in northern South America. Venezuela comprises a continental mainland and numerous islands located off the Venezuelan coastline in the Caribbean Sea. The country borders

Guyana Guyana ( or ), officially the Cooperative Republic of Guyana, is a country on the northern mainland of South America. Guyana is an indigenous word which means "Land of Many Waters". The capital city is Georgetown. Guyana is bordered by the ...

to the east, Brazil to the south, and

Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...

to the west. Trinidad and Tobago,

Grenada Grenada ( ; Grenadian Creole French: ) is an island country in the West Indies in the Caribbean Sea at the southern end of the Grenadines island chain. Grenada consists of the island of Grenada itself, two smaller islands, Carriacou and Pe ...

, St. Lucia, Barbados,

Curaçao Curaçao ( ; ; pap, Kòrsou, ), officially the Country of Curaçao ( nl, Land Curaçao; pap, Pais Kòrsou), is a Lesser Antilles island country in the southern Caribbean Sea and the Dutch Caribbean region, about north of the Venezuela coast ...

Bonaire Bonaire (; , ; pap, Boneiru, , almost pronounced ) is a Dutch island in the Leeward Antilles in the Caribbean Sea. Its capital is the port of Kralendijk, on the west ( leeward) coast of the island. Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao form the ABC i ...

Aruba Aruba ( , , ), officially the Country of Aruba ( nl, Land Aruba; pap, Pais Aruba) is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands physically located in the mid-south of the Caribbean Sea, about north of the Venezuela peninsula of ...

, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and the Leeward Antilles lie just north, off the Venezuelan coast. Falling within the tropics, Venezuela sits close to the

equator The equator is a circle of latitude, about in circumference, that divides Earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres. It is an imaginary line located at 0 degrees latitude, halfway between the North and South poles. The term can als ...

, in the

Northern Hemisphere The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator. For other planets in the Solar System, north is defined as being in the same celestial hemisphere relative to the invariable plane of the solar system as Earth's Nort ...

. A former Spanish colony, which has been an independent republic since 1821, Venezuela holds territorial disputes with

, largely concerning the

Essequibo Essequibo is the largest traditional region of Guyana but not an administrative region of Guyana today. It may also refer to: * Essequibo River, the largest river in Guyana * Essequibo (colony), a former Dutch colony in what is now Guyana; * Esseq ...

area, and with

concerning the Gulf of Venezuela. In 1895, after the dispute over the Guyana border flared up, it was submitted to a neutral commission, which in 1899 decided it mostly in Guyana's favour. Today, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is known widely for its petroleum industry, the environmental diversity of its territory, and its natural features. Venezuela is considered to be among the world's 17 most biodiverse countries.

General reference

* Pronunciation: * Common English country name: Venezuela * Official English country name: The

Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in th ...

* Common

endonym An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, ''native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside that particular place, group, ...

(s): * Official endonym(s): * Adjectival(s): Venezuela *

Demonym A demonym (; ) or gentilic () is a word that identifies a group of people (inhabitants, residents, natives) in relation to a particular place. Demonyms are usually derived from the name of the place (hamlet, village, town, city, region, province, ...

(s): * Etymology: Name of Venezuela *

International rankings of Venezuela These are the international rankings of Venezuela. Corruption *Venezuela was ranked the 7th most corrupt country in the world according to the Corruption Perceptions Index. Crime *List of countries by homicide rate ranked 2nd highest homicide ...

* ISO country codes: VE, VEN, 862 * ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:VE * Internet country code top-level domain:

.ve .ve is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Venezuela. On 3 March 2009 the ISO 3166-1 code for Venezuela changed to reflect the VE used for the ccTLD. Registrations are allowed without restrictions, only at the third level: * . ...

Geography of Venezuela

Geography of Venezuela * Venezuela is: a megadiverse country * Location: **

** Western Hemisphere *** Latin America **** South America ** Time zone:

Venezuelan Standard Time Venezuela uses the UTC−04:00 time offset, and they had previously used UTC−04:30 from 9 December 2007 until 30 April 2016. The time is commonly called ''Venezuelan Standard Time'' (VET), and legally referred to as ''Hora Legal de Venezuela'' ...

( UTC-04:30) ** Extreme points of Venezuela *** High: Pico Bolívar *** Low:

Lagunillas Municipality, Zulia Lagunillas Municipality is one of the 21 municipalities that make up Zulia State, Venezuela. There are about 170,000 inhabitants. The shire town is Ciudad Ojeda. See also * Municipalities of Venezuela External links * http://www.randytrah ...

** Land boundaries: 4,993 km ::* 2,200 km ::* 2,050 km ::* 743 km :* Coastline: 2,800 km * Population of Venezuela: 28,018,018 (25 September 2008) – 42nd most populous country * * Area of Venezuela: 916,445 km² *

Atlas of Venezuela An atlas is a collection of maps; it is typically a bundle of maps of Earth or of a region of Earth. Atlases have traditionally been bound into book form, but today many atlases are in multimedia formats. In addition to presenting geographi ...

Environment of Venezuela

Environment of Venezuela Environmental issues in Venezuela include natural factors such as earthquakes, floods, rockslides, mudslides, and periodic droughts. Venezuela ranks among the world's most ecologically diverse countries. However, it has suffered great environm ...

*climate of Venezuela *

Environmental issues in Venezuela Environmental issues in Venezuela include natural factors such as earthquakes, floods, rockslides, mudslides, and periodic droughts. Venezuela ranks among the world's most ecologically diverse countries. However, it has suffered great environment ...

* Protected areas of Venezuela **

National parks of Venezuela The national parks of Venezuela are protected areas in Venezuela covering a wide range of habitats. In 2007 there were 43 national parks, covering 21.76% of Venezuela's territory. Statistics Every Venezuela state has one or more national parks ...

* Wildlife of Venezuela ** Flora of Venezuela ** Fauna of Venezuela *** Birds of Venezuela *** Mammals of Venezuela

Natural geographic features of Venezuela

Glaciers of Venezuela A glacier (; ) is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight. A glacier forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation over many years, often centuries. It acquires distinguishing features, such a ...

* Islands of Venezuela * Rivers of Venezuela *

World Heritage Sites in Venezuela In its most general sense, the term "world" refers to the totality of entities, to the whole of reality or to everything that is. The nature of the world has been conceptualized differently in different fields. Some conceptions see the worl ...

Regions of Venezuela

* Regions of Venezuela

Ecoregions of Venezuela

* List of ecoregions in Venezuela

Administrative divisions of Venezuela

Administrative divisions of Venezuela * Provinces of Venezuela ** Districts of Venezuela *** Municipalities of Venezuela

= Provinces of Venezuela

= * Provinces of Venezuela

= Districts of Venezuela

= * Districts of Venezuela

= Municipalities of Venezuela

= * Municipalities of Venezuela **

Capital Capital may refer to: Common uses * Capital city, a municipality of primary status ** List of national capital cities * Capital letter, an upper-case letter Economics and social sciences * Capital (economics), the durable produced goods used f ...

of Venezuela:

Caracas Caracas (, ), officially Santiago de León de Caracas, abbreviated as CCS, is the capital and largest city of Venezuela, and the center of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas (or Greater Caracas). Caracas is located along the Guaire River in the ...

** Cities of Venezuela

Demography of Venezuela

Demographics of Venezuela The Demographics of Venezuela are the condition and overview of Venezuela's peoples. Demographic topics include basic education, health, and population statistics as well as identified racial and religious affiliations. The Venezuelan people co ...

Government and politics of Venezuela

* Politics of Venezuela **

Form of government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a ...

: federal

republic A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...

of Venezuela:

** Elections in Venezuela ** Political parties in Venezuela

Branches of the government of Venezuela

* Government of Venezuela Venezuela's government has five branches.

Executive branch of the government of Venezuela

* Head of state and Head of government:

President of Venezuela The president of Venezuela ( es, Presidente de Venezuela), officially known as the President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, Presidente de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is the head of state and head of government in Ven ...

Nicolás Maduro Nicolás Maduro Moros (; born 23 November 1962) is a Venezuelan politician and president of Venezuela since 2013, with his presidency under dispute since 2019. Beginning his working life as a bus driver, Maduro rose to become a trade unio ...

Cabinet of Venezuela The Cabinet of Ministers of Venezuela ( es, Gabinete de Ministros de Venezuela is one of the bodies that make up the Venezuelan executive in that country's presidential system, alongside the Council of Ministers ( es, Consejo de Ministros). The C ...

Foreign relations of Venezuela

Foreign relations of Venezuela The foreign relations of Venezuela had since the early twentieth century been particularly strong with the United States. However, since the election of Hugo Chávez as President of Venezuela in 1998, Venezuela's foreign policy differed sub ...

* Diplomatic missions in Venezuela * Diplomatic missions of Venezuela

International organization membership

The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is a member of: *

Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean The OPANAL (which stands for el Organismo para la Proscripción de las Armas Nucleares en la América Latina y el Caribe) is an international organization which promotes a non-aggression pact and nuclear disarmament in much of the Americas. In Eng ...

(OPANAL) *

Caribbean Community and Common Market The Caribbean Community (CARICOM or CC) is an intergovernmental organization that is a political and economic union of 15 member states (14 nation-states and one dependency) throughout the Caribbean. They have primary objectives to promote econom ...

(Caricom) (observer) * Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) * Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) * Group of 15 (G15) * Group of 24 (G24) *

Group of 77 The Group of 77 (G77) at the United Nations (UN) is a coalition of 134 developing countries, designed to promote its members' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations. There were 77 fou ...

(G77) *

Inter-American Development Bank The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB or IADB) is an international financial institution headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States of America, and serving as the largest source of development financing for Latin America and the Caribb ...

(IADB) *

International Atomic Energy Agency The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an intergovernmental organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons. It was established in 1957 ...

(IAEA) *

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is an international financial institution, established in 1944 and headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, that is the lending arm of World Bank Group. The IBRD offers l ...

(IBRD) * International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) * International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) * International Criminal Court (ICCt) * International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) *

International Development Association The International Development Association (IDA) (french: link=no, Association internationale de développement) is an international financial institution which offers concessional loans and grants to the world's poorest developing countries. Th ...

(IDA) *

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) is a worldwide humanitarian aid organization that reaches 160 million people each year through its 192-member National Societies. It acts before, during and after disas ...

(IFRCS) * International Finance Corporation (IFC) *

International Fund for Agricultural Development The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD; french: link=no, Fonds international de développement agricole (FIDA)) is an international financial institution and a specialised agency of the United Nations that works to address ...

(IFAD) * International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) * International Labour Organization (ILO) *

International Maritime Organization The International Maritime Organization (IMO, French: ''Organisation maritime internationale'') is a specialised agency of the United Nations responsible for regulating shipping. The IMO was established following agreement at a UN conference ...

(IMO) * International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO) * International Monetary Fund (IMF) * International Olympic Committee (IOC) * International Organization for Migration (IOM) * International Organization for Standardization (ISO) *

International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is a humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide. It was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, an ...

(ICRM) * International Telecommunication Union (ITU) * International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO) * International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) *

Inter-Parliamentary Union The Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU; french: Union Interparlementaire, UIP) is an inter-parliamentary institution, international organization of national parliaments. Its primary purpose is to promote democratic governance, accountability, and coop ...

(IPU) *

Latin American Economic System The Latin American and the Caribbean Economic System, officially known as Sistema Económico Latinoamericano y del Caribe (SELA), is an organization founded in 1975 to promote economic cooperation and social development between Latin American and ...

(LAES) * Latin American Integration Association (LAIA) * League of Arab States (LAS) (observer) * Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) *

Nonaligned Movement The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a forum of 120 countries that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. After the United Nations, it is the largest grouping of states worldwide. The movement originated in the aftermath ...

(NAM) * Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) *

Organization of American States The Organization of American States (OAS; es, Organización de los Estados Americanos, pt, Organização dos Estados Americanos, french: Organisation des États américains; ''OEA'') is an international organization that was founded on 30 April ...

(OAS) * Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) * Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) * Rio Group (RG) *

Southern Cone Common Market The Southern Common Market, commonly known by Spanish abbreviation Mercosur, and Portuguese Mercosul, is a South American trade bloc established by the Treaty of Asunción in 1991 and Protocol of Ouro Preto in 1994. Its full members are Arge ...

(Mercosur) (associate) *''

Unión Latina The Latin Union is an international organization of nations that use Romance languages, whose activities have been suspended since 2012. Headquartered in Paris, France, its aim is to protect, project, and promote the common cultural heritage of ...

'' * Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) * United Nations (UN) * United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) * United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) * United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) * United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) * Universal Postal Union (UPU) * World Confederation of Labour (WCL) * World Customs Organization (WCO) * World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) * World Health Organization (WHO) * World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) * World Meteorological Organization (WMO) * World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) * World Trade Organization (WTO)

Law and order in Venezuela

Law of Venezuela The legal system of Venezuela belongs to the Continental Law tradition. Venezuela was the first country in the world to abolish the death penalty for all crimes, doing so in 1863. Public law The basis for its public law is the 1999 Constitutio ...

Capital punishment in Venezuela Capital punishment is abolished in Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Venezuela was the first country (still existing) in the world to abolish the death penalty for all crimes, doing so by Constitution in 1864. San Marino had abolished the death ...

* Constitution of Venezuela * Crime in Venezuela * Human rights in Venezuela ** LGBT rights in Venezuela *

Law enforcement in Venezuela Law enforcement in Venezuela is highly fragmented, being split across multiple police agencies of various types. The National Guard, with around 33,000 officers, is attached to the Ministry of Defence. The ', with around 8,000 officers, is the pr ...

Military of Venezuela

* Military of Venezuela ** Command *** Commander-in-chief: **** Ministry of Defence of Venezuela ** Forces ***

Army of Venezuela The Venezuelan Army, officially the National Army of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, Ejército Nacional de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is one of the six professional branches of the National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Ve ...

*** Navy of Venezuela *** Air Force of Venezuela ** Military ranks of Venezuela

Local government in Venezuela

* Local government in Venezuela

History of Venezuela

* History of Venezuela

History of Venezuela, by period

* List of years in Venezuela *

Pre-Columbian period in Venezuela The Pre-Columbian period in Venezuela refers to the period before the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the 16th century, known as the Pre-Columbian era. It covers the history of what are now known as the indigenous peoples of Venezuela. Ar ...

(Prehistory–1522) * Colonial Venezuela (1522–1821) ** Viceroyalty of New Granada ** Captaincy General of Venezuela ** First Republic of Venezuela (5 July 1811 to 25 July 1812) ** Second Republic of Venezuela **

Venezuelan War of Independence The Venezuelan War of Independence ( es, Guerra de Independencia de Venezuela, links=no, 1810–1823) was one of the Spanish American wars of independence of the early nineteenth century, when independence movements in Latin America fought agai ...

** Third Republic of Venezuela (1817–19) * Gran Colombia (1821–30) **

Venezuela Department (1820) {{Unreferenced, date=June 2019, bot=noref (GreenC bot) Venezuela Department was one of the three departments of Gran Colombia until 1824. In the West it bordered Cundinamarca Department (1820). In 1824 the subdivisions of Gran Colombia changed ...

Venezuela Department (1824) {{Unreferenced, date=January 2011 Venezuela Department was one of the departments of Gran Colombia from 1824 to 1830 (the previous department was substantially larger). It had borders to * Atlantic Ocean in the North. * Orinoco Department in th ...

* Republic of Venezuela (1830–1999) ** History of Venezuela (1830–1908) *** Federal War (1859–63) *** Venezuelan crisis of 1895 *** Venezuelan crisis of 1902–03 ** History of Venezuela (1908–58) *** World War II *** El Trienio Adeco (1945–48) *** History of Venezuela (1948–58) ** History of Venezuela (1958–99) ***

1958 Venezuelan coup d'état The 1958 Venezuelan coup d'état took place on 23 January 1958, when the dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez was overthrown. A transition government under first Adm. Wolfgang Larrazábal and then Edgar Sanabria was put in place until December 195 ...

*** Puntofijo Pact (1958) *** El Carupanazo (1962) *** El Porteñazo (1962) *** Caracazo (1989) ***

1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts Year 199 ( CXCIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was sometimes known as year 952 ''Ab urbe condita''. The denomination 199 for this year has been used since the ...

(1999–present) ** Bolivarian Revolution ** Vargas tragedy (1999) **

2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt A failed coup d'état on 11 April 2002 saw the president of Venezuela, Hugo Chávez, ousted from office for 47 hours before being restored to power. Chávez was aided in his return to power by popular support and mobilization against the coup b ...

** Venezuelan general strike of 2002–03 **

2004 Venezuelan recall referendum The Venezuelan recall referendum of 15 August 2004 was a referendum to determine whether Hugo Chávez, then President of Venezuela, should be recalled from office. The recall referendum was announced on 8 June 2004 by the National Electoral Co ...

** Crisis in Bolivarian Venezuela *** 2014–17 Venezuelan protests ***

2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis On 29 March 2017, the Supreme Tribunal of Justice (TSJ) of Venezuela took over legislative powers of the National Assembly. The Tribunal, mainly supporters of President Nicolás Maduro, also restricted the immunity granted to the Assembly's m ...

*** Venezuelan presidential crisis

History of Venezuela, by region

* Timeline of Caracas

History of Venezuela, by subject

* History of the Venezuelan oil industry *

Economic history of Venezuela Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country located on the northern coast of South America. It is known for its large proven oil reserves. Before oil was discovered, Venezuelan production was primarily agriculture, such ...

Culture of Venezuela

Culture of Venezuela *

Cuisine of Venezuela Venezuelan cuisine is influenced by its EuropeanKohnstamm, Thomas; Kohn, Beth"Venezuela."Lonely Planet. Accessed October 2011. (Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and French), West African, and indigenous traditions. Venezuelan cuisine varies greatly ...

Languages of Venezuela The languages of Venezuela refers to the official languages and various dialects spoken in established communities within the country. In Venezuela, Castillan is the official language and is the mother tongue of the majority of Venezuelans. Althou ...

* Media in Venezuela *

National symbols of Venezuela alt=Two orchid blooms, with ruffled, very pale pink petals shading into a deep-yellow throat streaked with lavender, Flor de Mayo ('' Cattleya mossiae''), the Venezuelan national flower. The national symbols of Venezuela are the flag, the coat of ...

** Coat of arms of Venezuela ** Flag of Venezuela **

National anthem of Venezuela "" (; "Glory to the Brave People") is the national anthem of Venezuela. Its lyrics were written by physician and journalist Vicente Salias in 1810, set to music later composed by musician Juan José Landaeta. Owing to musical similarities with ...

People of Venezuela Venezuelans ( Spanish: ''venezolanos'') are the citizens identified with the country of Venezuela. This connection may be through citizenship, descent or cultural. For most Venezuelans, many or all of these connections exist and are the source of ...

Prostitution in Venezuela Sex work in Venezuela is legal and regulated. The country's Ministry of Health and Social Development requires sex workers to carry identification cards and to have monthly health checkups. Prostitution is common, particularly in Caracas and in oth ...

* Public holidays in Venezuela *

Religion in Venezuela Christianity is the largest religion in Venezuela, with Roman Catholicism having the most adherents. The influence of the Catholic Church was introduced in its colonization by Spain. According to a 2011 poll (GIS XXI), 88 percent of the populati ...

** Buddhism in Venezuela ** Christianity in Venezuela ** Hinduism in Venezuela **

Islam in Venezuela Venezuela is a predominantly Christian country, with Islam being a minority religion. Venezuela has a small but influential Muslim population. Many of them are Arabs of Lebanese, Palestinian, Syrian and Turkish descent. There are approximately 1 ...

** Judaism in Venezuela *

Art in Venezuela

Cinema of Venezuela The cinema of Venezuela is the production and industry of filmmaking in Venezuela. Venezuelan cinema has been characterised from its outset as propaganda, partially state-controlled and state-funded, commercial cinema. The nation has seen a vari ...

Literature of Venezuela Venezuelan literature can be traced to pre-Hispanic times with the myths and oral literature that formed the cosmogonic view of the world that indigenous people had. Some of these stories are still known in Venezuela. Like many Latin American coun ...

Music of Venezuela Several styles of the traditional music of Venezuela, such as salsa and merengue, are common to its Caribbean neighbors. Perhaps the most typical Venezuelan music is joropo, a rural form which originated in the llanos, or plains. Genres Jorop ...

Television in Venezuela Television in Venezuela began in 1952, when the president Marcos Pérez Jiménez launched the state channel Televisora Nacional, making Venezuela the ninth country in the world to have a public television network. By 1963, a quarter of Venezuelan h ...

Sports in Venezuela

* Sports in Venezuela ** The first and most important sport in Venezuela is Baseball **

Football in Venezuela Football is a widely practiced and popular sport in Venezuela, although the sport has lagged behind baseball in popularity. The country has proven one of the biggest underachievers in CONMEBOL and was formerly known as the '' Cenicienta'' of th ...

** Venezuela at the Olympics

Economy and infrastructure of Venezuela

Economy of Venezuela * Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 35th (thirty-fifth) *

Agriculture in Venezuela Agriculture in Venezuela has a much smaller share of the economy than in any other Latin American country. After the discovery of oil in Venezuela in the early 20th century to the 1940s, agriculture has declined rapidly, and with the beginning of l ...

Communications in Venezuela Telephones - main lines in use: 7.332 million (2011) Telephones - mobile cellular: 28,782,000 (2011) Telephone system: modern and expanding ''domestic:'' domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations; recent substantial improvement in telepho ...

Internet in Venezuela Use of the Internet in Venezuela has greatly expanded, but is mostly concentrated among younger, educated city residents, and centered on the capital, Caracas. According to several experts, the lack of quality Internet in Venezuela, which includes ...

***

Latin America and Caribbean Network Information Centre LACNIC (Latin America and Caribbean Network Information Centre; , ) is the regional Internet registry for the Latin American and Caribbean regions. LACNIC provides number resource allocation and registration services that support the global oper ...

* Companies of Venezuela *

Currency of Venezuela The currency of Venezuela has been in circulation since the end of the 18th century. The present currency unit in Venezuela is the Venezuelan bolívar. Pre-independence currency Peso = 8 Reales (silver) Escudo = 2 Pesos (gold) Venezuela sha ...

: Bolívar Fuerte **

ISO 4217 ISO 4217 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines alpha codes and numeric codes for the representation of currencies and provides information about the relationships between individual cu ...

: VEF * Energy in Venezuela **

Energy policy of Venezuela Venezuela has the largest conventional oil reserves and the second-largest natural gas reserves in the Western Hemisphere. In addition Venezuela has non-conventional oil deposits ( extra-heavy crude oil, bitumen and tar sands) approximately equa ...

* Health care in Venezuela *

Mining in Venezuela Venezuela is a major producer and exporter of minerals, notably bauxite, coal, gold, iron ore, and oil, and the state controls most of the country’s vast mineral reserves. In 2003 estimated reserves of bauxite totaled 5.2 million tons. The third ...

Tourism in Venezuela Tourism in Venezuela has been developed considerably for decades, particularly because of its geographical position, the variety of landscapes, the richness of plants and wildlife, the artistic expressions and the privileged tropic ...

* Transport in Venezuela **

Airports in Venezuela Venezuela, officially known as the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America. It is a continental mainland with numerous islands located off its coastline in th ...

Rail transport in Venezuela Rail or rails may refer to: Rail transport *Rail transport and related matters *Rail (rail transport) or railway lines, the running surface of a railway Arts and media Film * ''Rails'' (film), a 1929 Italian film by Mario Camerini * ''Rail'' ( ...

* Water supply and sanitation in Venezuela * Hyperinflation in Venezuela

Education in Venezuela

* Education in Venezuela

References

Library of Congress Country Studies The Country Studies are works published by the Federal Research Division of the United States Library of Congress, freely available for use by researchers. No copyright is claimed on them. Therefore, they have been dedicated to the public domain a ...

Venezuela Information Office
;Other * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Venezuela Venezuela Venezuela 01