|
Law Enforcement In Venezuela
Law enforcement in Venezuela is highly fragmented, being split across multiple police agencies of various types. The National Guard, with around 33,000 officers, is attached to the Ministry of Defence. The ', with around 8,000 officers, is the primary criminal investigation agency. The ', created in 2009, had 2,400 officers in July 2010 (with a further 1,400 in training). In addition, each of Venezuela's 23 states has its own police force, numbering around 50,000 officers altogether. Finally, since 1989's decentralization legislation, many municipalities have set up their own police forces.Birkbeck, Christopher (2009), "Venezuela: the shifting organizational framework for the police", ''Police Practice and Research'', Volume 10, Issue 4 August 2009 , pp. 295-304 Both state and municipal/city police forces report to the Federal Ministry of Interior, Justice and Peace through their respective state governments. History 1958-1998 In 1958 Venezuela overthrew the dictator Marcos Pér ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Venezuelan National Guard
The Bolivarian National Guard of Venezuela ( es, Guardia Nacional Bolivariana de Venezuela - GNB), is one of the four components of the National Armed Forces of Venezuela. The national guard can serve as gendarmerie, perform civil defense roles, or serve as a reserve light infantry force. The national guard was founded on 4 August 1937 by the then President of the Republic, General-in-Chief Eleazar López Contreras. The motto of the GNB is ''"El Honor es su divisa"'' ("Honor is its emblem"), slightly different from the motto of the Spanish Civil Guard ''"El Honor es mi divisa"'' ("Honor is my emblem"). The branch is recognized for its human rights violations under the Bolivarian government and its alleged involvement in international drug trafficking through the Cartel of the Suns. History The National Guard traces its roots to the gendarmerie and rural police formations organized in 1811 by the National Government and in the subsequent National Police Guard raised in 1841 by Pres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Defense (Venezuela)
The Venezuelan Ministry of People's Power for Defense is the federal-level organization responsible for maintaining the Venezuelan armed forces. As of October 2014, this ministry is headed by General Vladimir Padrino López The ministry coordinates numerous counter-narcotics operations (''e.g.'', Operation Sierra through the CUFAN organ), helps perform various civil support and social development programs, and oversees the conventional military capabilities of Venezuela. History * 1810 Established as War and Navy Bureau * 1863 Ministry of War * 1874 Ministry of War and Navy * 1946 Became Ministry of National Defense * 1951 Name amended to Ministry of Defense * 2007 Renamed Ministry of People's Power for Defense by presidential decree Lists of Ministers of Defense See also *Cabinet of Venezuela References External links *Sitio oficial del Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Defensa de Venezuela y los Ex-Ministros*Sitio oficial del Ejército Libertador (Venezuela)*Sitio ofic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuerpo De Investigaciones Científicas, Penales Y Criminalísticas
The Cuerpo de Investigaciones Científicas, Penales y Criminalísticas (''Scientific, Criminal and Criminalistic Investigation Service Corps'', CICPC) is Venezuela's largest national police agency, responsible for criminal investigations and forensic services. It replaced the Cuerpo Técnico de Policía Judicial (PTJ) in 2001. CICPCHistoria See also * Law enforcement in Venezuela Law enforcement in Venezuela is highly fragmented, being split across multiple police agencies of various types. The National Guard, with around 33,000 officers, is attached to the Ministry of Defence. The ', with around 8,000 officers, is the pr ... * 2017 Caracas helicopter attack References External links *CICPC Law enforcement agencies of Venezuela Organizations established in 2001 2001 establishments in Venezuela {{Venezuela-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Policía Nacional Bolivariana
The Policía Nacional Bolivariana ( es, Bolivarian National Police, PNB) is Venezuela's national police force, created in 2009. Law enforcement in Venezuela has historically been highly fragmented, and the creation of a national police force was originally unpopular among the public and organizations. The creation of a National Police was one of the recommendations of a 2006 National Commission on Police Reform (CONAREPOL). At the time that the force was set up, the wage rate for officers in the new force was three times higher than that in existing forces. As of July 2010, the PNB had around 2,400 officers, with a further 1,400 in training. Now it has grown into an estimated 20,000-strong national police force. Background In 2001, the Venezuelan National Assembly gave the government one year to create a national police force. President Hugo Chávez then attempted to create a centralized national police force, announcing his plans in August 2002. However, the Venezuelan public, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcos Pérez Jiménez
Marcos Evangelista Pérez Jiménez (25 April 1914 – 20 September 2001) was a Venezuelan military and general officer of the Army of Venezuela and the dictator of Venezuela from 1950 to 1958, ruling as member of the military junta from 1950 to 1952 and as president from 1952 to 1958. He took part in the 1948 coup d'état, becoming part of the ruling junta. He ran in the 1952 election. However, the junta cancelled the election when early results indicated that the opposition was ahead, and declared Jiménez provisional president. He became president in 1953 and instituted a constitution that granted him dictatorial powers. Under Pérez's rule, the rise of oil prices facilitated many public works projects, including roads, bridges, government buildings and public housing, as well as the rapid development of industries such as hydroelectricity, mining, and steel. The economy of Venezuela developed rapidly while Pérez was in power. On the other hand, Pérez presided over on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juan Vicente Gómez
Juan Vicente Gómez Chacón (24 July 1857 – 17 December 1935) was a Venezuelan military general A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of highest military ranks, high rank in the army, armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry. In some usages the term "general officer" refers t ..., Politician and President of Venezuela, ruler of Venezuela from 1908 until his death in 1935. He was president on three occasions during this time, ruling through puppet governments in between. Important public works were carried out during his dictatorship. He founded the country's first airline, Aeropostal Alas de Venezuela and the Bolivarian Military Aviation, Venezuelan Military Aviation. He commissioned the construction of Venezuela's first airports: Maracaibo International Airport "Grano de Oro", La Fría, Encontrados, Sucre Base (now Florencio Gomez National Airport in Maracay, Aragua), Aragua Meteorological Air Base (the cr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Of Venezuela
The legal system of Venezuela belongs to the Continental Law tradition. Venezuela was the first country in the world to abolish the death penalty for all crimes, doing so in 1863. Public law The basis for its public law is the 1999 Constitution. The 1999 Constitution made significant changes to the separation of powers. Instead of the usual three branches of government, the new Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela has five: # The executive branch (the Presidency). # The legislative branch (the National Assembly of Venezuela). # The judicial branch (the judiciary). # The electoral branch (''poder electoral'', or "electoral power"). # The citizens' branch (''poder ciudadano'', or "citizens' power"). The electoral branch is headed by the National Electoral Council (CNE) and is responsible for the independent oversight of all municipal, state, and federal elections in the country. The citizens' branch is constituted by the ''(defensor del pueblo)'' ( ombudsman or "defender of the peopl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Commission On Police Reform
The National Commission on Police Reform (Spanish ''Comisión Nacional para la Reforma Policial'', CONAREPOL) was a 2006 Venezuelan national commission which, in consultation with police and local communities, examined law enforcement in Venezuela and proposed reforms. The Commission was made up of ministerial officials, state governors, National Assembly representatives, academics, researchers and civil society representatives. It consulted with all national sectors, including business and community leaders, commissioned studies and consulted international experts on police and police reform. "The Commission undertook extensive consultations with the police (through workshops, questionnaires, and interviews) and the community (meetings, suggestion boxes) and gathered an unprecedented amount of data from state and municipal police agencies, while also conducting a national victim survey." CONAREPOL's findings presented a shocking but, to Venezuelans, familiar picture of widespread ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolivarian Intelligence Service
The Bolivarian National Intelligence Service ( es, Servicio Bolivariano de Inteligencia Nacional, SEBIN) is the premier intelligence agency in Venezuela. SEBIN is an internal security force subordinate to the Vice President of Venezuela since 2012 and is dependent on Vice President Delcy Rodríguez. SEBIN has been described as the political police force of the Bolivarian government. History The Venezuelan intelligence agency has an extensive record of human rights violations, including recent allegations of torture and murder of political opponents. Predecessors The predecessor of SEBIN was established in March 1969 with the name of DISIP, '' Dirección Nacional de los Servicios de Inteligencia y Prevención'' ("National Directorate of Intelligence and Prevention Services"), by then-president Rafael Caldera, replacing the Dirección General de Policía (DIGEPOL). Human Rights Watch wrote in 1993 that DISIP was involved in targeting political dissenters within Venezuela and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dirección De Inteligencia Militar
The General Directorate of Military Counterintelligence ( es, Dirección General de Contrainteligencia Militar, DGCIM) is the military counterintelligence agency of Venezuela, whose function is to prevent intelligence or espionage internally and externally by military and civilians. History The agency originates from the Armed Forces Intelligence Services (SIFA), which was signed into service on 30 August 1957. In 1974, the agency changed its name to the Directorate of Military Intelligence (DIM). On 16 May 1977, the military organization changed its name to the Directorate General of Military Intelligence Sector (DGSIM) and then later changed the name of Directorate General of Military Intelligence (DGIM). Under these names, their operations functioned as military intelligence for the Venezuelan military. On 21 July 2011, the organization changed its name to the Directorate General of Military Counterintelligence (DGCIM), whose function is no longer military intelligence but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crime In Venezuela
Crime in Venezuela is widespread, with violent crimes such as murder and kidnapping increasing annually. In 2014, the United Nations attributed crime to the poor political and economic environment in the country—which, at the time, had the second highest murder rate in the world. Rates of crime rapidly began to increase during the presidency of Hugo Chávez due to the institutional instability of his Bolivarian government, underfunding of police resources, and severe inequality. Chávez's government sought a cultural hegemony by promoting class conflict and social fragmentation, which in turn encouraged "criminal gangs to kill, kidnap, rob and extort". Upon Chávez's death in 2013, Venezuela was ranked the most insecure nation in the world by Gallup. Crime has also continued to increase under Chávez's successor, President Nicolás Maduro, who continued Chávez's policies that disrupted Venezuela's socioeconomic status. By 2015, crime, which was often the topic Venezuelans w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Monde Diplomatique
''Le Monde diplomatique'' (meaning "The Diplomatic World" in French) is a French monthly newspaper offering analysis and opinion on politics, culture, and current affairs. The publication is owned by Le Monde diplomatique SA, a subsidiary company of ''Le Monde'' which grants it complete editorial autonomy. Worldwide there were 71 editions in 26 other languages (including 38 in print for a total of about 2.2 million copies and 33 electronic editions). History 1954–1989 ''Le Monde diplomatique'' was founded in 1954 by Hubert Beuve-Méry, founder and director of ''Le Monde'', the French newspaper of record. Subtitled the "organ of diplomatic circles and of large international organisations," 5,000 copies were distributed, comprising eight pages, dedicated to foreign policy and geopolitics. Its first editor in chief, François Honti, developed the newspaper as a scholarly reference journal. Honti attentively followed the birth of the Non-Aligned Movement, created out of the 1955 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
