This is a list of cases that appeared before the

Supreme Court of the United States The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point o ...

involving the

First Amendment to the United States Constitution The First Amendment (Amendment I) to the United States Constitution prevents the government from making laws that regulate an establishment of religion, or that prohibit the free exercise of religion, or abridge the freedom of speech, the ...

The establishment of religion

Blue laws

* '' McGowan v. Maryland'' (1961) * ''

Braunfeld v. Brown ''Braunfeld v. Brown'', 366 U.S. 599 (1961), was a landmark case on the issue of religious and economic liberty decided by the United States Supreme Court. In a 6–3 decision, the Court held that a Pennsylvania blue law forbidding the sale of ...

'' (1961) * '' Gallagher v. Crown Kosher Super Market of Mass., Inc.'' (1961) * '' Thornton v. Caldor'' (1985)

Government aid to church-related schools

* '' Cochran v. Louisiana State Board of Education'', * ''

Everson v. Board of Education ''Everson v. Board of Education'', 330 U.S. 1 (1947), was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court that applied the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to state law. Prior to this decision, the clause, which states, "Congress ...

'', * '' Board of Ed. of Central School Dist. No. 1 v. Allen'', * ''

Lemon v. Kurtzman ''Lemon v. Kurtzman'', 403 U.S. 602 (1971), was a case argued before the Supreme Court of the United States.. The court ruled in an 8–0 decision that Pennsylvania's Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Education Act (represented through David Kurtz ...

'', * ''

Tilton v. Richardson Tilton v. Richardson, 403 U.S. 672 (1971), was a United States Supreme Court case holding that one-time construction grants to religious colleges and universities under Title I of the Higher Education Facilities Act of 1963 do not violate the Esta ...

'', * '' Lemon v. Kurtzman II'', * '' Levitt v. Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty'', * '' Hunt v. McNair'', * '' Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty v. Nyquist'', * ''

Sloan v. Lemon Sloan may refer to: * Sloan (surname) *MIT Sloan School of Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States *Sloan (band), a Canadian rock band * Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a major astronomical survey **Sloan Great Wall, a gal ...

'', * '' Wheeler v. Barrera'', * '' Public Funds for Public Schools v. Marburger'' (1974) * '' Meek v. Pittenger'', * '' Roemer v. Board of Public Works of Maryland'', * '' Wolman v. Walter'', * '' New York v. Cathedral Academy'', * '' Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty v. Regan'', * '' Mueller v. Allen'', * '' School Dist. of Grand Rapids v. Ball'', * ''

Aguilar v. Felton ''Aguilar v. Felton'', 473 U.S. 402 (1985), was a United States Supreme Court case holding that New York City's program that sent public school teachers into parochial schools to provide remedial education to disadvantaged children pursuant to Titl ...

'', * ''

Witters v. Washington Department of Services for the Blind ''Witters v. Washington Department of Services for the Blind'', 474 U.S. 481 (1986), is a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court ruled that the Establishment Clause did not prevent the state of Washington from pro ...

'', * '' Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District'', * '' Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District v. Grumet'', * '' Agostini v. Felton'', * ''

Mitchell v. Helms ''Mitchell v. Helms'', 530 U.S. 793 (2000), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that it was permissible for loans to be made to religious schools under Chapter 2 of the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act of 1981 ...

'', * ''

Zelman v. Simmons-Harris ''Zelman v. Simmons-Harris'', 536 U.S. 639 (2002), was a 5–4 decision of the United States Supreme Court that upheld an Ohio program that used school vouchers. The Court decided that the program did not violate the Establishment Clause of the Fi ...

'', * '' Locke v. Davey'', * '' Arizona Christian School Tuition Organization v. Winn'',

Government-sponsored religious displays

* ''

Lynch v. Donnelly ''Lynch v. Donnelly'', 465 U.S. 668 (1984), was a United States Supreme Court case challenging the legality of Christmas decorations on town property. Background Pawtucket, Rhode Island's annual Christmas display in the city's shopping district, c ...

'', * '' Board of Trustees of Scarsdale v. McCreary'', * ''

County of Allegheny v. American Civil Liberties Union ''County of Allegheny v. American Civil Liberties Union'', 492 U.S. 573 (1989), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court considered the constitutionality of two recurring Christmas and Hanukkah holiday displays located on public pr ...

'', * ''

Van Orden v. Perry ''Van Orden v. Perry'', 545 U.S. 677 (2005), was a United States Supreme Court case involving whether a display of the Ten Commandments on a monument given to the government at the Texas State Capitol in Austin violated the Establishment Clause ...

'', * '' McCreary County v. American Civil Liberties Union'', * '' Pleasant Grove City v. Summum'', * '' Salazar v. Buono'', * ''

American Legion v. American Humanist Association ''American Legion v. American Humanist Association'', 588 U.S. ___ (2019), was a United States Supreme Court case dealing with the separation of church and state related to maintaining the Peace Cross, a World War I memorial shaped after a Latin ...

'',

Legislative prayer

* '' Marsh v. Chambers'', * ''

Town of Greece v. Galloway ''Town of Greece v. Galloway'', 572 U.S. 565 (2014), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the court decided that the Town of Greece, New York may permit volunteer chaplains to open each legislative session with a prayer. The plaintiffs ...

'',

Internal religious affairs (also involving the Free Exercise Clause)

* '' Watson v. Jones'', * ''

United States v. Ballard ''United States v. Ballard'', 322 U.S. 78 (1944), was a United States Supreme Court case from the October 1943 term. The case arose from the appeal of the conviction of two leaders of the new religious "I AM" Activity movement for fraudulently s ...

'', * '' Kedroff v. St. Nicholas Cathedral of Russian Orthodox Church in North America'', * '' Kreshik v. St. Nicholas Cathedral'', * ''

Presbyterian Church v. Hull Church ''Presbyterian Church v. Hull Church'', 393 U.S. 440 (1969), was a Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court case involving the secession of two local churches, including Hull Memorial Presbyterian Church, from the parent bod ...

'', * '' Serbian Eastern Orthodox Diocese for the United States of America & Canada v. Milivojevich'', * '' Jones v. Wolf'', * '' Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Juan v. Acevedo Feliciano'',

Ministerial exception

* '' Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church & School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission'', * ''

Our Lady of Guadalupe School v. Morrissey-Berru ''Our Lady of Guadalupe School v. Morrissey-Berru'', 591 U.S. ___ (2020), was a Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court case involving the ministerial exception of federal employment discrimination laws. The case extends fr ...

'',

Private religious speech

* ''

Lamb's Chapel v. Center Moriches Union Free School District ''Lamb's Chapel v. Center Moriches Union Free School District'', 508 U.S. 384 (1993), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States concerning whether the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment was offended by a school district tha ...

'', * '' Capitol Square Review & Advisory Board v. Pinette'', * ''

Rosenberger v. University of Virginia ''Rosenberger v. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia'', 515 U.S. 819 (1995), was an opinion by the Supreme Court of the United States regarding whether a state university might, consistent with the First Amendment, withhold from stu ...

'', * ''

Good News Club v. Milford Central School ''Good News Club v. Milford Central School'', 533 U.S. 98 (2001), was a decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that held that when a government operates a " limited public forum," it may not discriminate against speech that takes place within that foru ...

'', * '' Shurtleff v. City of Boston'',

Religion in public schools

* '' McCollum v. Board of Education'', * ''

Zorach v. Clauson ''Zorach v. Clauson'', 343 U.S. 306 (1952), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States allowed a school district to allow students to leave school for part of the day to receive religious instruction.. Case New York State law perm ...

'', * ''

Engel v. Vitale ''Engel v. Vitale'', 370 U.S. 421 (1962), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public school ...

'', * ''

Abington School District v. Schempp ''Abington School District v. Schempp'', 374 U.S. 203 (1963), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court decided 8–1 in favor of the respondent, Edward Schempp on behalf of his son Ellery Schempp, and declared that school-spo ...

'', * ''

Epperson v. Arkansas ''Epperson v. Arkansas'', 393 U.S. 97 (1968), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that invalidated an Arkansas statute prohibiting the teaching of human evolution in the public schools. The Court held that the First Amendment to the Un ...

'', * ''

Stone v. Graham In ''Stone v. Graham'', 449 U.S. 39 (1980), the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that a Kentucky statute was unconstitutional and in violation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, because it lacked a nonreligious, legisla ...

'', * ''

Wallace v. Jaffree ''Wallace v. Jaffree'', 472 U.S. 38 (1985), was a United States Supreme Court case deciding on the issue of silent school prayer. Background An Alabama law authorized teachers to set aside one minute at the start of each day for a moment for ...

'', * ''

Edwards v. Aguillard ''Edwards v. Aguillard'', 482 U.S. 578 (1987), was a United States Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of teaching creationism. The Court considered a Louisiana law requiring that where evolutionary science was taught in public ...

'', * ''

Westside Community Board of Education v. Mergens ''Westside Community Board of Education v. Mergens'', 496 U.S. 226 (1990), was a United States Supreme Court case involving a school district's ability to hold classes on Bible study after school. Background Westside High School, in District ...

'', * ''

Lee v. Weisman ''Lee v. Weisman'', 505 U.S. 577 (1992), was a United States Supreme Court decision regarding school prayer. It was the first major school prayer case decided by the Rehnquist Court. It held that schools may not sponsor clerics to conduct even non ...

'', * ''

Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe ''Santa Fe Independent School Dist. v. Doe'', 530 U.S. 290 (2000), was a case heard before the United States Supreme Court. It ruled that a policy permitting student-led, student-initiated prayer at high school football games violates the Establ ...

'', * '' Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow'', * ''

Kennedy v. Bremerton School District ''Kennedy v. Bremerton School District'', 597 U.S. ___ (2022), is a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court in which the Court held, 6–3, that the government, while following the Establishment Clause, may not suppress an individual ...

'',

Religious institution functioning as a government agency

* '' Larkin v. Grendel's Den, Inc.'', * '' Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District v. Grumet'',

Standing to sue

* ''

Flast v. Cohen ''Flast v. Cohen'', 392 U.S. 83 (1968), was a United States Supreme Court case holding that a taxpayer has standing to sue the government to prevent an unconstitutional use of taxpayer funds. The Supreme Court decided in '' Frothingham v. Mellon' ...

'', * '' Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church & State'', * ''

Hein v. Freedom From Religion Foundation ''Hein v. Freedom From Religion Foundation'', 551 U.S. 587 (2007), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court which ruled that taxpayers do not have the right to challenge the constitutionality of expendi ...

'', * '' Arizona Christian School Tuition Organization v. Winn'',

Statutory religious exemptions

* ''

Walz v. Tax Commission of the City of New York ''Walz v. Tax Commission of the City of New York'', 397 U.S. 664 (1970), was a case before the United States Supreme Court. The Court held that grants of tax exemption to religious organizations do not violate the Establishment Clause of the Firs ...

'', * ''

Bob Jones University v. United States ''Bob Jones University v. United States'', 461 U.S. 574 (1983), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court holding that the religion clauses of the First Amendment did not prohibit the Internal Revenue Service from revoking the tax exempt ...

'', * ''

Estate of Thornton v. Caldor, Inc. ''Estate of Thornton v. Caldor, Inc.'', 472 U.S. 703 (1985), was a Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a state statute providing employees with an absolute right not to work on their ch ...

'', * '' Corporation of Presiding Bishop of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints v. Amos'', * '' Texas Monthly, Inc. v. Bullock'', * ''

City of Boerne v. Flores ''City of Boerne v. Flores'', 521 U.S. 507 (1997), was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States concerning the scope of Congress's power of enforcement under Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment. The case also had a signific ...

'', * ''

Cutter v. Wilkinson ''Cutter v. Wilkinson'', 544 U.S. 709 (2005), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that, under the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA), facilities that accept federal funds cannot deny prisoners ...

'',

Unequal government treatment of different religious groups

* ''

Larson v. Valente Larson may refer to: __NOTOC__ People and fictional characters *Larson (surname) Places in the United States * Larson, North Dakota, United States, a census-designated place and former city * Larson Creek, Oregon, United States * Larson Crag, Vic ...

'',

Abortion and contraception

* ''

Harris v. McRae ''Harris v. McRae'', 448 U.S. 297 (1980), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that states participating in Medicaid are not required to fund medically necessary abortions for which federal reimbursement was unavailable a ...

'', * ''

Bowen v. Kendrick ''Bowen v. Kendrick'', 487 U.S. 589 (1988), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld the constitutionality of the Adolescent Family Life Act.. Background The Adolescent Family Life Act was implemented by the United Sta ...

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Other

* ''

Torcaso v. Watkins ''Torcaso v. Watkins'', 367 U.S. 488 (1961), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court reaffirmed that the United States Constitution prohibits states and the federal government from requiring any kind of religious test for pub ...

'' (1961) * ''

McDaniel v. Paty ''McDaniel v. Paty'', 435 U.S. 618 (1978), was a United States Supreme Court case that struck down the last remaining state restriction against religious ministers holding elected office. Background McDaniel was a Baptist minister from Chattan ...

'' (1978) * ''

Trump v. Hawaii ''Trump v. Hawaii'', No. 17-965, 585 U.S. ___ (2018), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case involving Presidential Proclamation 9645 signed by President Donald Trump, which restricted travel into the United States by people from sever ...

'' (2018)

The free exercise of religion

Exclusion of religion from public benefits

* '' Locke v. Davey'', * ''

Trinity Lutheran Church of Columbia, Inc. v. Comer ''Trinity Lutheran Church of Columbia, Inc. v. Comer'', 582 U.S. ___ (2017), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that a Missouri program that denied a grant to a religious school for playground resurfacing, while provid ...

'', * ''

Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue ''Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue'', 591 U.S. ___ (2020), was a List of landmark court decisions in the United States, landmark Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that a state-ba ...

'', * ''

Carson v. Makin ''Carson v. Makin'', 596 U.S. ___ (2022), was a United States Supreme Court case related to the First Amendment to the United States Constitution and the Free Exercise Clause. It was a follow-up to ''Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue''. ...

'',

Polygamy

* ''

Reynolds v. United States ''Reynolds v. United States'', 98 U.S. 145 (1878), was a Supreme Court of the United States case that held that religious duty was not a defense to a criminal indictment. ''Reynolds'' was the first Supreme Court opinion to address the First Amen ...

'' (1878) * ''

Davis v. Beason __NOTOC__ ''Davis v. Beason'', 133 U.S. 333 (1890), was a United States Supreme Court case affirming, by a 9–0 vote, that federal laws against polygamy did not conflict with the free exercise clause of the First Amendment to the United States Co ...

'' (1890)

Free exercise and eminent domain

* ''

Lyng v. Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Association ''Lyng v. Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Association'', 485 U.S. 439 (1988), was a United States Supreme Court landmark case in which the Court ruled on the applicability of the Free Exercise Clause to the practice of religion on Native A ...

'' (1988) * ''

'' (1997)

Free exercise and free speech

* ''

R. A. V. v. City of St. Paul ''R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul'', 505 U.S. 377 (1992), is a case of the United States Supreme Court that unanimously struck down St. Paul's Bias-Motivated Crime Ordinance and reversed the conviction of a teenager, referred to in court documents only ...

'' (1992) * ''

'' (2001) * ''

Gonzales v. O Centro Espirita Beneficente Uniao do Vegetal Gonzales may refer to: Places * Gonzales, California, U.S. * Gonzales, Louisiana, U.S. * Gonzales, Texas, U.S. * Gonzales County, Texas Other uses * Battle of Gonzales, 1835 * Gonzales (horse) (1977 – after 1996), an American-bred Thoroughbred ...

'' (2006) * ''

Fulton v. City of Philadelphia ''Fulton v. City of Philadelphia'', 593 U.S. ___ (2021), was a United States Supreme Court case dealing with litigation over discrimination of local regulations based on the Free Exercise Clause and Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to ...

'' (2021)

Free exercise and public education

* ''

Wisconsin v. Yoder ''Wisconsin v. Jonas Yoder'', 406 U.S. 205 (1972), is the case in which the United States Supreme Court found that Amish children could not be placed under compulsory education past 8th grade. The parents' fundamental right to freedom of religion ...

'' (1972) * '' Widmar v. Vincent'' (1981) * '' Board of Education of the Westside Community Schools v. Mergens'' (1990) * ''

'' (1993) * ''

Rosenberger v. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia ''Rosenberger v. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia'', 515 U.S. 819 (1995), was an opinion by the Supreme Court of the United States regarding whether a state university might, consistent with the First Amendment to the United State ...

'' (1995) * ''

'',

Free exercise and public property

* '' Capitol Square Review and Advisory Board v. Pinette'' (1995)

Internal religious affairs (also involving the Establishment Clause)

* '' Watson v. Jones'', * ''

'', * '' Kedroff v. St. Nicholas Cathedral of Russian Orthodox Church in North America'', * '' Kreshik v. St. Nicholas Cathedral'', * ''

'', * '' Serbian Eastern Orthodox Diocese for the United States of America & Canada v. Milivojevich'', * '' Jones v. Wolf'', * '' Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Juan v. Acevedo Feliciano'',

Ministerial exception

* '' Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church & School v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission'', * ''

'',

Religion and the right to work

* ''

Sherbert v. Verner ''Sherbert v. Verner'', 374 U.S. 398 (1963), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment required the government to demonstrate both a compelling interest and that the law in ...

'' (1963) * '' Trans World Airlines v. Hardison'' (1977) * ''

Ohio Civil Rights Commission v. Dayton Christian Schools Ohio () is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. Of the List of states and territories of the United States, fifty U.S. states, it is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 34th-l ...

'' (1986) * '' Corporation of Presiding Bishop of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints v. Amos'' (1987) * ''

Employment Division v. Smith ''Employment Division, Department of Human Resources of Oregon v. Smith'', 494 U.S. 872 (1990), is a United States Supreme Court case that held that the state could deny unemployment benefits to a person fired for violating a state prohibition on t ...

'' (1990)

Religious tests for public service or benefits

* ''

Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire ''Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire'', 315 U.S. 568 (1942), was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court in which the Court articulated the fighting words doctrine, a limitation of the First Amendment's guarantee of freedom of speech. Background ...

'' (1942) * ''

'' (1961) * ''

'' (1978) * ''

Thomas v. Review Board of the Indiana Employment Security Division ''Thomas v. Review Board of the Indiana Employment Security Division'', 450 U.S. 707 (1981), was a case''Thomas v. Review Bd. of Indiana Employment Sec. Div.'', . in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that Indiana's denial of unempl ...

'' (1981) * ''

Goldman v. Weinberger ''Goldman v. Weinberger'', 475 U.S. 503 (1986), was a United States Supreme Court case in which a Jewish Air Force officer was denied the right to wear a yarmulke when in uniform on the grounds that the Free Exercise Clause applies less strictly t ...

'' (1986) * '' Bowen v. Roy'' (1986)

Ritual sacrifice of animals

* ''

Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah ''Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye, Inc. v. Hialeah'', 508 U.S. 520 (1993), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that an ordinance passed in Hialeah, Florida, forbidding the "unnecessar killing of "an animal in a public ...

'' (1993)

Solicitation by religious groups

* ''

Cantwell v. Connecticut ''Cantwell v. Connecticut'', 310 U.S. 296 (1940), is a landmark court decision by the United States Supreme Court holding that the First Amendment's ''federal'' protection of religious free exercise incorporates via the Due Process Clause of t ...

'' (1940) * ''

Minersville School District v. Gobitis ''Minersville School District v. Gobitis'', 310 U.S. 586 (1940), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States involving the religious rights of public school students under the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Cou ...

'' (1940) * '' Cox v. New Hampshire'' (1941) * '' Jones v. City of Opelika (I)'' (1942) * ''

Marsh v. Alabama ''Marsh v. Alabama'', 326 U.S. 501 (1946), was a case decided by the US Supreme Court, which ruled that a state trespassing statute could not be used to prevent the distribution of religious materials on a town's sidewalk even though the sidewalk ...

'' (1942) * ''

Murdock v. Pennsylvania ''Murdock v. Pennsylvania'', 319 U.S. 105 (1943), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that an ordinance requiring door-to-door salespersons ("solicitors") to purchase a license was an unconstitutional tax on religious e ...

'' (1943) * '' Jones v. City of Opelika (II)'' (1943) * '' West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette'' (1943) * ''

Prince v. Massachusetts ''Prince v. Massachusetts'', 321 U.S. 158 (1944), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the government has broad authority to regulate the actions and treatment of children. Parental authority is not absolute and ca ...

'' (1944) * '' Heffron v. International Society for Krishna Consciousness'' (1981) * '' Watchtower Society v. Village of Stratton'' (2002)

Statutory religious exemptions

Religious Freedom Restoration Act

* '' Gonzales v. O Centro Espírita Beneficente União do Vegetal'', * ''

Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. ''Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc.'', 573 U.S. 682 (2014), is a List of landmark court decisions in the United States, landmark decision in United States corporate law by the Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court allow ...

'', * ''

Zubik v. Burwell ''Zubik v. Burwell'', 578 U.S. ___ (2016), was a case before the Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court on whether religious institutions other than churches should be exempt from the contraceptive mandate, a regulation a ...

'', * ''

Little Sisters of the Poor Saints Peter and Paul Home v. Pennsylvania ''Little Sisters of the Poor Saints Peter and Paul Home v. Pennsylvania'', 591 U.S. ___ (2020), was a Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court case involving ongoing conflicts between the Patient Protection and Affordable Ca ...

'', * ''

Tanzin v. Tanvir ''Tanzin v. Tanvir'', 592 U.S. ___ (2020), was a United States Supreme Court case involving legal remedies that could be sought by litigants against federal officials for violations of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993. In a unanimous ...

'',

Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act

* '' Sossamon v. Texas'', * ''

Holt v. Hobbs ''Holt v. Hobbs'', 574 U.S. 352 (2015), was an Law of the United States, American legal case in which the Supreme Court of the United States, Supreme Court unanimously ruled that an Arkansas prison policy which prohibited a Muslim prisoner from g ...

'', * ''

Ramirez v. Collier ''Ramirez v. Collier'', 595 U.S. ___ (2022), is a United States Supreme Court case related to the First Amendment to the United States Constitution and the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act. Background On July 19, 2004, 20-y ...

'',

Other

* '' Sause v. Bauer'', * '' Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo'' (2020) * '' Tandon v. Newsom'' (2021)

Freedom of speech

Campaign finance

* ''

Buckley v. Valeo ''Buckley v. Valeo'', 424 U.S. 1 (1976), was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court on campaign finance. A majority of justices held that, as provided by section 608 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, limits on election expenditu ...

'', * ''

First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti ''First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti'', 435 U.S. 765 (1978), is a U.S. constitutional law case which defined the free speech right of corporations for the first time. The United States Supreme Court held that corporations have a First Amen ...

'', * '' California Medical Association v. FEC'', * '' Citizens Against Rent Control v. City of Berkeley'', * '' FEC v. National Right to Work Committee'', * ''

FEC v. National Conservative PAC ''FEC v. National Conservative PAC'', 470 U.S. 480 (1985), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States striking down expenditure prohibitions of the Federal Election Campaign Act, Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (FECA), which r ...

'', * ''

FEC v. Massachusetts Citizens for Life In ''Federal Election Commission v. Massachusetts Citizens for Life, Inc.'', 479 U.S. 238 (1986), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Massachusetts Citizens for Life, Inc., a pro-life organization, violated the Federal Election Campaign Act by distr ...

'', * '' Eu v. S.F. Cty. Democratic Cent. Comm.'', * ''

Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce ''Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce'', 494 U.S. 652 (1990), is a United States corporate law case of the Supreme Court of the United States holding that the Michigan Campaign Finance Act, which prohibited corporations from using treasury mo ...

'', * '' Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee v. FEC'', * ''

Nixon v. Shrink Missouri Government PAC ''Nixon v. Shrink Missouri Government PAC'', 528 U.S. 377 (2000), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that their earlier decision in ''Buckley v. Valeo'' (1976), upholding federal limits on campaign contributions also a ...

'', * '' FEC v. Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee'', * '' Republican Party of Minnesota v. White'', * '' FEC v. Beaumont'', * ''

McConnell v. FEC ''McConnell v. Federal Election Commission'', 540 U.S. 93 (2003), is a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of most of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA), often referr ...

'', * '' Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc. v. FEC'', * ''

Randall v. Sorrell ''Randall v. Sorrell'', 548 U.S. 230 (2006), is a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States involving a Vermont law which placed a cap on financial donations made to politicians. The court ruled that Vermont's law, the strictest in the na ...

'', * ''

FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc. ''Federal Election Commission v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc.'', 551 U.S. 449 (2007), is a Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that issue ads may not be banned from the months preceding a pr ...

'', * '' Davis v. FEC'', * ''

Citizens United v. FEC ''Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission'', 558 U.S. 310 (2010), was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States regarding campaign finance laws and free speech under the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. It wa ...

'', * '' Arizona Free Enterprise Club's Freedom Club PAC v. Bennett'', * ''

American Tradition Partnership, Inc. v. Bullock ''American Tradition Partnership, Inc. v. Bullock'', 2011 MT 328, is a decision by the Montana Supreme Court ruling that the broad free speech protections given to corporations in '' Citizens United v. FEC'' do not apply to Montana's campaign finan ...

'', * '' McCutcheon v. FEC'', * '' Williams-Yulee v. Florida Bar'', * '' Thompson v. Hebdon'', * '' FEC v. Ted Cruz for Senate'',

Commercial speech

* '' Valentine v. Chrestensen'' (1942) * '' Rowan v. U.S. Post Office Dept.'' (1970) * ''

Pittsburgh Press Co. v. Pittsburgh Commission on Human Relations ''Pittsburgh Press Co. v. Pittsburgh Commission on Human Relations'', 413 U.S. 376 (1973), is a 1973 decision of the United States Supreme Court which upheld an ordinance enacted in Pittsburgh that forbids sex-designated classified advertising for ...

'' (1973) * '' Lehman v. Shaker Heights'' (1974) * '' Bigelow v. Commonwealth of Virginia'' (1974) * '' Virginia State Pharmacy Board v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council'' (1976) * ''

Bates v. State Bar of Arizona ''Bates v. State Bar of Arizona'', 433 U.S. 350 (1977), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld the right of lawyers to advertise their services.. In holding that lawyer advertising was commercial speech entitled to prote ...

'' (1977) * '' Linmark Associates, Inc. v. Willingboro'' (1977) * ''

Ohralik v. Ohio State Bar Assn. ''Ohralik v. Ohio State Bar Association'', 436 US 447 (1978), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States that in-person solicitation of clients by lawyers was not protected speech under the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. ...

'' (1978) * '' Friedman v. Rogers'' (1979) * '' Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. v. Public Service Commission'' (1980) * '' Consol. Edison Co. v. Public Serv. Comm'n'' (1980) * '' Metromedia, Inc. v. San Diego'' (1981) * '' Hoffman Estates v. The Flipside, Hoffman Estates, Inc.'' (1982) * '' Bolger v. Youngs Drug Products Corp.'' (1983) * '' Edenfield v. Fane'' (1993) * ''

44 Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island ''44 Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island'', 517 U.S. 484 (1996), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a complete ban on the advertising of alcohol prices was unconstitutional under the First Amendment, and that the Tw ...

'' (1996) * '' Expressions Hair Design v. Schneiderman'' (2017) * '' Iancu v. Brunetti'' (2019)

Compelled speech Compelled speech is a transmission of expression required by law. A related legal concept is ''protected speech''. Just as freedom of speech protects free expression, in many cases it similarly protects an individual from being required to utter o ...

* ''

'' (1940) * '' West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette'' (1943) * ''

Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo ''Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo'', 418 U.S. 241 (1974), was a seminal First Amendment ruling at the United States Supreme Court. The Supreme Court overturned a Florida state law that required newspapers to offer equal space to political ...

'' (1974) * '' Wooley v. Maynard'' (1977) * '' Agency for International Development v. Alliance for Open Society'' (2013) * ''

National Institute of Family and Life Advocates v. Becerra ''National Institute of Family and Life Advocates v. Becerra'', 585 U.S. ___ (2018), was a case before the Supreme Court of the United States addressing the constitutionality of California's FACT Act, which mandated that crisis pregnancy centers ...

'' (2018) * '' Agency for International Development v. Alliance for Open Society'' (2020) * '' 303 Creative LLC v. Elenis'' (2023)

Compelled commercial speech

* '' Zauderer v. Office of Disciplinary Counsel of Supreme Court of Ohio'' (1985) * '' Riley v. National Federation of the Blind'' (1988) * '' Ibanez v. Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation, Board of Accountancy'' (1994) * '' Milavetz, Gallop & Milavetz, P.A. v. United States'' (2010) * '' Expressions Hair Design v. Schneiderman'' (2017)

Compelled subsidy for speech of others

Cases that consider the First Amendment implications of payments mandated by the state going to use in part for speech by third parties * ''

Abood v. Detroit Board of Education ''Abood v. Detroit Board of Education'', 431 U.S. 209 (1977), was a US labor law case where the United States Supreme Court upheld the maintaining of a union shop in a public workplace. Public school teachers in Detroit had sought to overturn the ...

'' (1977) * '' Communications Workers of America v. Beck'' (1978) * '' Chicago Local Teachers Union v. Hudson'' (1986) * ''

Keller v. State Bar of California ''Keller v. State Bar of California'', 496 U.S. 1 (1990), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that attorneys who are required to be members of a state bar association have a First Amendment right to refrain from subsidi ...

'' (1990) * '' Lehnert v. Ferris Faculty Ass'n'' (1991) * '' Glickman v. Wileman Brothers & Elliott Inc.'' (1997) * '' Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System v. Southworth'' (2000) * '' United States v. United Foods, Inc.'' (2001) * '' Johanns v. Livestock Marketing Association'' (2005) * '' Davenport v. Washington Education Association'' (2007) * '' Locke v. Karass'' (2008) * ''

Knox v. Service Employees International Union, Local 1000 ''Knox v. Service Employees International Union'', 567 U.S. 298 (2012), is a United States constitutional law case. The Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court held in a 7–2 decision that Dianne Knox and other non-membe ...

'' (2012) * ''

Harris v. Quinn ''Harris v. Quinn'', 573 U.S. 616 (2014), is a US labor law case of the Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court regarding provisions of Illinois state law that allowed a union security agreement. Since the Taft-Hartley Act ...

'' (2014) * ''

Friedrichs v. California Teachers Ass'n Friedrichs may refer to: Names * Bob Friedrichs, American baseball pitcher * Carl Joseph Friedrichs, German printer, author and gold prospector * Friedrich Friedrichs, German World War I fighter ace * Fritz Walter Paul Friedrichs, German chemist ...

'' (2016) * '' Janus v. AFSCME'' (2018)

Loyalty oaths and affirmations

* ''

American Communications Association v. Douds ''American Communications Association v. Douds'', 339 U.S. 382 (1950), is a 5-to-1 ruling by the United States Supreme Court which held that the Taft–Hartley Act's imposition of an anti-communist oath on labor union leaders does not violate the ...

'' (1950) * ''

Garner v. Board of Public Works ''Garner v. Board of Public Works'', 341 U.S. 716 (1951), is a ruling by the United States Supreme Court which held that a municipal loyalty oath which required an oath and affidavit about one's beliefs and actions for the previous five years and ...

'' (1951) * '' Adler v. Board of Ed. of City of New York'' (1952) * '' Wieman v. Updegraff'' (1952) * '' Speiser v. Randall'' (1958) * '' Cramp v. Board of Public Instruction'' (1961) * ''

Keyishian v. Board of Regents ''Keyishian v. Board of Regents'', 385 U.S. 589 (1967), was a Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that states cannot prohibit employees from being members of the Communist Party and that thi ...

'' (1965) * '' Communist Party of Indiana v. Whitcomb'' (1974)

Content-based

* ''

'' (1992) * ''

Reed v. Town of Gilbert ''Reed v. Town of Gilbert'', 576 U.S. 155 (2015), is a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court clarified when municipalities may impose content-based restrictions on signage. The case also clarified the le ...

'' (2015) * ''

City of Austin v. Reagan National Advertising of Austin, LLC ''City of Austin v. Reagan National Advertising of Austin, LLC'', 596 U.S. ___ (2022), was a United States Supreme Court case dealing with the application of zoning restrictions on digital billboards in the city of Austin, Texas. In a 6–3 ruling ...

'' (2022)

Content-neutral

* ''

City of Ladue v. Gilleo ''City of Ladue v. Gilleo'', 512 U.S. 43 (1994), was a free speech decision of the Supreme Court of the United States. It was a legal case, case challenging the legality of a city ordinance restricting the placement of signs in the yards of reside ...

'' (1994)

Sedition and imminent danger

* ''

Debs v. United States ''Debs v. United States'' 249 U.S. 211 (1919) was a United States Supreme Court decision, relevant for US labor law and constitutional law, that upheld the Espionage Act of 1917. Facts Eugene V. Debs was an American labor and political leader an ...

'' (1919) * ''

Schenck v. United States ''Schenck v. United States'', 249 U.S. 47 (1919), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court concerning enforcement of the Espionage Act of 1917 during World War I. A unanimous Supreme Court, in an opinion by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes ...

'' (1919) * ''

Abrams v. United States ''Abrams v. United States'', 250 U.S. 616 (1919), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States upholding the 1918 Amendment to the Espionage Act of 1917 which made it a criminal offense to urge the curtailment of production of the mat ...

'' (1919) * ''

Gitlow v. New York ''Gitlow v. New York'', 268 U.S. 652 (1925), was a List of landmark court decisions in the United States, landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court holding that the Fourteenth Amendment to the United S ...

'' (1925) * ''

Whitney v. California ''Whitney v. California'', 274 U.S. 357 (1927), was a United States Supreme Court decision upholding the conviction of an individual who had engaged in speech that raised a threat to society. ''Whitney'' was explicitly overruled by ''Brandenburg v. ...

'' (1927) * ''

Dennis v. United States ''Dennis v. United States'', 341 U.S. 494 (1951), was a United States Supreme Court case relating to Eugene Dennis, General Secretary of the Communist Party USA. The Court ruled that Dennis did not have the right under the First Amendment to the ...

'' (1951) * ''

Communist Party v. Subversive Activities Control Board ''Communist Party of the United States v. Subversive Activities Control Board'', 351 U.S. 115 (1956). and 367 U.S. 1 (1961),. was a federal court case in the United States involving the compelled registration of the Communist Party of the United ...

'' (1955) * ''

Yates v. United States ''Yates v. United States'', 354 U.S. 298 (1957), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States that held that the First Amendment protected radical and reactionary speech, unless it posed a " clear and present danger." Background ...

'' (1957) * ''

Brandenburg v. Ohio ''Brandenburg v. Ohio'', 395 U.S. 444 (1969), was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court interpreting the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The Court held that the government cannot punish inflammatory speech unless that sp ...

'' (1969)

False speech

* ''

United States v. Alvarez ''United States v. Alvarez'', 567 U.S. 709 (2012), is a landmark decision in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the Stolen Valor Act of 2005 was unconstitutional. The Stolen Valor Act of 2005 was a federal law that criminaliz ...

'' (2012) * '' Susan B. Anthony List v. Driehaus'' (2014)

Fighting words and the heckler's veto

* ''

'' (1940) * ''

'' (1942) * '' Terminiello v. Chicago'' (1949) * '' Feiner v. New York'' (1951) * ''

National Socialist Party of America v. Village of Skokie ''National Socialist Party of America v. Village of Skokie'', 432 U.S. 43 (1977), arising out of what is sometimes referred to as the Skokie Affair, was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court dealing with freedom of speech and freedom of ass ...

'' (1977) * ''

'' (1992) * ''

Snyder v. Phelps ''Snyder v. Phelps'', 562 U.S. 443 (2011), was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court ruling that speech on a matter of public concern, on a public street, cannot be the basis of liability for a tort of emotional distress, even in the circums ...

'' (2011)

Freedom of assembly and public forums

* '' Hague v. CIO'' (1939) * '' Schneider v. New Jersey'' (1939) * ''

Martin v. Struthers ''Martin v. Struthers'', 319 U.S. 141 (1943), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a law prohibiting the distribution of handbills from door to door violated the First Amendment rights of a Jehovah's Witness, specifi ...

'' (1943) * ''

NAACP v. Alabama ''National Association for the Advancement of Colored People v. Alabama'', 357 U.S. 449 (1958), was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court. Alabama sought to prevent the NAACP from conducting further business in the state. After the circuit ...

'' (1958) * '' Bates v. City of Little Rock'' (1960) * ''

Edwards v. South Carolina ''Edwards v. South Carolina'', 372 U.S. 229 (1963), was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court ruling that the First and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution forbade state government officials to force a crowd to disperse when th ...

'' (1963) * ''

Cox v. Louisiana ''Cox v. Louisiana'', 379 U.S. 536 (1965), is a United States Supreme Court case based on the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. It held that a state government cannot employ "breach of the peace" statutes against protesters engaging in pea ...

'' (1965) * ''

Brown v. Louisiana ''Brown v. Louisiana'', 383 U.S. 131 (1966), was a United States Supreme Court case based on the First Amendment in the U.S. Constitution. It held that protesters have a First and Fourteenth Amendment right to engage in a peaceful sit-in at a p ...

'' (1966) * ''

Adderley v. Florida ''Adderley v. Florida'', 385 U.S. 39 (1966), was a United States Supreme Court case regarding whether arrests for protesting in front of a jail were constitutional. Background information In 1966, a group of students from Florida A&M University ...

'' (1966) * '' Carroll v. Town of Princess Anne'' (1968) * ''

Coates v. Cincinnati ''Coates v. City of Cincinnati'', 402 U.S. 611 (1971), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a local city ordinance that made it a criminal offense for three or more persons to assemble on a sidewalk and “annoy” any ...

'' (1971) * '' Organization for a Better Austin v. Keefe'' (1971) * ''

Southeastern Promotions, Ltd. v. Conrad The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each se ...

'' (1975) * ''

Pruneyard Shopping Center v. Robins ''Pruneyard Shopping Center v. Robins'', 447 U.S. 74 (1980), was a U.S. Supreme Court decision issued on June 9, 1980 which affirmed the decision of the California Supreme Court in a case that arose out of a free speech dispute between the Pruneya ...

'' (1980) * '' Postal Service v. Council of Greenburgh Civic Assns.'' (1981) * ''

Christian Legal Society v. Martinez ''Christian Legal Society v. Martinez'', 561 U.S. 661 (2010), is a Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld, against a First Amendment to the United States Constitution, First Amendment challen ...

'' (2010) * '' Manhattan Community Access Corp. v. Halleck'' (2019) * ''

Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta ''Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta'', 594 U.S. ___ (2021), is a United States Supreme Court case dealing with the disclosure of donors to non-profit organizations. The case challenged California's requirement that requires non-profit o ...

'' (2021)

Time, place and manner

Cases concerning restrictions on the

time, place, and manner In the United States, freedom of speech, freedom of speech and expression is strongly protected from government restrictions by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, many state constitutions, and state and federal laws. Freedom ...

of speech * ''

Chicago Police Dept. v. Mosley ''Chicago Police Dept. v. Mosley'', 408 U.S. 92 (1972), was a Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court case which concerned freedom of speech under the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, First Amendment. Oral ...

'' (1972) * '' Grayned v. City of Rockford'' (1972) * '' Ward v. Rock Against Racism'' (1989) * ''

Schenck v. Pro-Choice Network of Western New York ''Schenck v. Pro-Choice Network of Western New York'', 519 U.S. 357 (1997), was a case heard before the Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court related to legal protection of access to abortion. The question before the cour ...

'' (1997) * '' Hill v. Colorado'' (2000) * ''

McCullen v. Coakley ''McCullen v. Coakley'', 573 U.S. 464 (2014), is a Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court case involving a First Amendment to the United States Constitution, First Amendment challenge to the validity of a Massachusetts law ...

'' (2014) * ''

Minnesota Voters Alliance v. Mansky ''Minnesota Voters Alliance v. Mansky'', 585 U.S. ___ (2018), was a List of landmark court decisions in the United States, landmark decision of the US Supreme Court concerning the constitutionality of governmental speech restrictions in a polling ...

'' (2018)

Government speech

Cases pertaining to whether or not extending protections to speech constitutes government endorsement of speech. * '' Pleasant Grove City v. Summum'', * ''

Walker v. Texas Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans ''Walker v. Texas Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans'', 576 U.S. 200 (2015), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that license plates are government speech and are consequently more easily regulated/subjected to c ...

'' (2015) * ''

Matal v. Tam ''Matal v. Tam'', 582 U.S. ___ (2017) (previously known as ''Lee v. Tam'') is a Supreme Court of the United States case that affirmed unanimously the judgment of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit that the provisions of the ...

'' (2017) * '' Iancu v. Brunetti'' (2019) * '' Shurtleff v. City of Boston'',

Government-subsidized speech

Cases about restrictions on speech by third parties funded by the government. * ''

Rust v. Sullivan ''Rust v. Sullivan'', 500 U.S. 173 (1991), was a case in the United States Supreme Court that upheld Department of Health and Human Services regulations prohibiting employees in federally funded family-planning facilities from counseling a patien ...

'' (1991) * '' Legal Services Corp. v. Velazquez'' (2001)

Obscenity

Generally

Cases concerned with the definition of obscenity and whether a particular work or type of material is obscene. * ''

Roth v. United States ''Roth v. United States'', 354 U.S. 476 (1957), along with its companion case ''Alberts v. California'', was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States which redefined the Constitutional test for determining what constitutes o ...

'' (1957) * '' Alberts v. California'', (1957) * ''

One, Inc. v. Olesen ''One, Inc. v. Olesen'', 355 U.S. 371 (1958), was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court for LGBT rights in the United States. It was the first U.S. Supreme Court ruling to deal with homosexuality and the first to address free speech rights ...

'', (1958) * ''

MANual Enterprises v. Day ''MANual Enterprises, Inc. v. Day'', 370 U.S. 478 (1962), is a decision by the United States Supreme Court which held that magazines consisting largely of photographs of nude or near-nude male models are not obscene within the meaning of . It was ...

'', (1962) * '' Jacobellis v. Ohio'' (1964) * ''

Memoirs v. Massachusetts ''Memoirs v. Massachusetts'', 383 U.S. 413 (1966), was the United States Supreme Court decision that attempted to clarify a holding regarding obscenity made a decade earlier in ''Roth v. United States'' (1957). Since the ''Roth'' ruling, to ...

'', (1966) * '' Kois v. Wisconsin'' (1972) * ''

Miller v. California ''Miller v. California'', 413 U.S. 15 (1973), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court modifying its definition of obscenity from that of "utterly without socially redeeming value" to that which lacks "serious literary, artistic, politi ...

'' (1973) * '' Jenkins v. Georgia'' (1974) * ''

New York v. Ferber ''New York v. Ferber'', 458 U.S. 747 (1982), was a landmark decision of the U.S Supreme Court, unanimously ruling that the First Amendment to the United States Constitution did not forbid states from banning the sale of material depicting childre ...

'' (1982) * ''

Osborne v. Ohio ''Osborne v. Ohio'', 495 U.S. 103 (1990), is a U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the First Amendment to the United States Constitution allows states to outlaw the possession, as distinct from the distribution, of child pornograph ...

'' (1990) * ''

United States v. Stevens ''United States v. Stevens'', 559 U.S. 460 (2010), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States, which ruled that , a federal statute criminalizing the commercial production, sale, or possession of depictions of cruelty to animals, was ...

'' (2010)

As criminal offense

Appeals of criminal convictions for possessing, selling or distributing obscenity that focused on that issue * '' Rosen v. United States'' (1896) * '' Butler v. Michigan'' (1957) * ''

Smith v. California ''Smith v. California'', 361 U.S. 147 (1959), was a U.S. Supreme Court case upholding the freedom of the press. The decision deemed unconstitutional a city ordinance that made one in possession of obscene books criminally liable because it did not ...

'', (1959) * '' Ginzburg v. United States'', (1966) * ''

Mishkin v. New York Mishkin (Russian: Мишкин) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Mishkina. It is derived from the masculine given name Mishka, a diminutive form of Mikhail. It may refer to the following people: * Lawrence Mishkin, Sales ...

'', (1966) * ''

Redrup v. New York ''Redrup v. New York'', 386 U.S. 767 (1967), was a May 8, 1967 ruling by the Supreme Court of the United States, widely regarded as the end of American censorship of written fiction. Robert Redrup was a Times Square newsstand clerk who sold tw ...

'' (1967) * ''

Ginsberg v. New York ''Ginsberg v. New York'', 390 U.S. 629 (1968), was a Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that material that is not obscene may nonetheless be harmful for children, and its marketing may be ...

'' (1968) * '' Stanley v. Georgia'' (1969) * '' Blount v. Rizzi'' (1971) * '' United States v. Reidel'' (1971) * '' Heller v. New York'' (1973) * '' United States v. Orito'' (1973) * '' Erznoznik v. City of Jacksonville'' (1975) * '' United States v. X-Citement Video'' (1994)

Search, seizure and forfeiture

Cases involving the search and seizure of allegedly obscene material * '' Marcus v. Search Warrant'', (1961) * '' Quantity of Books v. Kansas'' (1964) * '' Lee Art Theatre, Inc. v. Virginia'' (1968) * '' United States v. Thirty-seven Photographs'' (1971) * '' United States v. 12 200-ft. Reels of Film'' (1973) * '' Roaden v. Kentucky'' (1973) * '' Lo-Ji Sales, Inc., v. New York'' (1979) * ''

Maryland v. Macon Maryland ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It shares borders with Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; ...

'' (1985) * '' New York v. P.J. Video, Inc.'' (1986)

Civil and administrative regulation

Cases dealing with civil and administrative regulatory procedures aimed at suppressing or restricting obscenity, such as film-licensing boards or zoning regulations. * ''

Mutual Film Corp. v. Industrial Commission of Ohio __NOTOC__ ''Mutual Film Corporation v. Industrial Commission of Ohio'', 236 U.S. 230 (1915), was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court ruling by a 9-0 vote that the free speech protection of the Ohio Constitution, which was substantially si ...

'' (1915) * ''

Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson ''Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson'', 343 U.S. 495 (1952), also referred to as the ''Miracle Decision'', was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court that largely marked the decline of motion picture censorship in the United States. ...

'' (1952) * '' Kingsley Books, Inc. v. Brown'' (1957) * '' Kingsley Int'l Pictures Corp. v. Regents of Univ. of N. Y.'' (1959) * '' Times Film Corp. v. Chicago'' (1961) * '' Bantam Books v. Sullivan'' (1963) * '' Freedman v. Maryland'' (1965) * ''

Paris Adult Theatre I v. Slaton ''Paris Adult Theatre I v. Slaton'', 413 U.S. 49 (1973), was a case in which the U.S. Supreme Court upheld a state court's injunction against the showing of obscene films in a movie theatre restricted to consenting adults. The Court distinguishe ...

'' (1973) * ''

Young v. American Mini Theatres ''Young v. American Mini Theatres'', 427 U.S. 50 (1976), is a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States upheld a city ordinance of Detroit, Michigan requiring dispersal of adult businesses throughout the city. Justice Stevens (writing ...

'' (1976) * ''

Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc. ''Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc.'', 475 U.S. 41 (1986), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that localities may impose regulations prohibiting adult theaters from operating within certain areas, finding that the regu ...

'' (1986) * ''

United States v. Playboy Entertainment Group ''United States v. Playboy Entertainment Group'', 529 U.S. 803 (2000), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court struck down Section 505 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, which required that cable television operators completel ...

'' (2000)

Internet

Cases involving laws meant to restrict obscenity online * ''

Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union ''Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union'', 521 U.S. 844 (1997), was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States, unanimously ruling that anti-indecency provisions of the 1996 Communications Decency Act violated the First Amendme ...

'' (1997) * ''

Ashcroft v. American Civil Liberties Union ''Ashcroft v. American Civil Liberties Union'', 535 U.S. 564 (2002), followed by 542 U.S. 656 (2004), was a decision of the United States Supreme Court, ruling that the Child Online Protection Act (COPA) was unconstitutional as a violation of the ...

(2002)'' * ''

Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition ''Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition'', 535 U.S. 234 (2002), is a U.S. Supreme Court case which struck down two overbroad provisions of the Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996 because they abridged "the freedom to engage in a substantial amou ...

'' (2002)

Public employees

* ''

Pickering v. Board of Education ''Pickering v. Board of Education'', 391 U.S. 563 (1968), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that in the absence of proof of the teacher knowingly or recklessly making false statements the teacher had a right to speak o ...

'' (1968) * ''

Board of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth ''Board of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth'', 408 U.S. 564 (1972), was a case decided by the United States Supreme Court concerning alleged discrimination against a nontenured teacher at Wisconsin State University-Oshkosh. David Roth was hire ...

'' (1972) * ''

Perry v. Sindermann ''Perry v. Sindermann'', 408 U.S. 593 (1972), was a United States Supreme Court decision affecting educational case law involving tenure and due process. Facts Sindermann was a teacher at several schools in the state college system of the State ...

'' (1972) * '' Arnett v. Kennedy'' (1974) * '' Parker v. Levy'' (1974) * '' Madison School District v. Wisconsin Employment Relations Commission'' (1976) * ''

Mt. Healthy City School District Board of Education v. Doyle ''Mt. Healthy City School District Board of Education v. Doyle'', 429 U.S. 274 (1977), often shortened to ''Mt. Healthy v. Doyle'', was a unanimous U.S. Supreme Court decision arising from a fired teacher's lawsuit against his former employer, th ...

'' (1977) * ''

Givhan v. Western Line Consolidated School District ''Givhan v. Western Line Consolidated School District'', 439 U.S. 410 (1979), is a United States Supreme Court decision on the free speech rights of public employees. The Court held unanimously in favor of a schoolteacher fired for her critical r ...

'' (1979) * '' Snepp v. United States'' (1980) * ''

Connick v. Myers ''Connick v. Myers'', 461 U.S. 138 (1983), is a United States Supreme Court decision concerning the First Amendment rights of public employees who speak on matters of possible public concern within the workplace context. It was first brought by She ...

'' (1983) * ''

Rankin v. McPherson ''Rankin v. McPherson'', 483 U.S. 378 (1987), is a major decision of the Supreme Court of the United States concerning the First Amendment, specifically whether the protection of the First Amendment extends to government employees who make extremel ...

'' (1987) * '' Waters v. Churchill'' (1994) * '' United States v. National Treasury Employees Union'' (1995) * '' Board of Commissioners, Wabaunsee County v. Umbehr,'' (1996) * ''

San Diego v. Roe The Supreme Court of the United States handed down six ''per curiam'' opinions during its 2004 term, which began October 4, 2004 and concluded October 3, 2005. Because ''per curiam'' decisions are issued from the Court as an institution, these o ...

'' (2004) * ''

Garcetti v. Ceballos ''Garcetti v. Ceballos'', 547 U.S. 410 (2006), is a U.S. Supreme Court decision involving First Amendment free speech protections for government employees. The plaintiff in the case was a district attorney who claimed that he had been passed up fo ...

'' (2007) * ''

Borough of Duryea v. Guarnieri ''Borough of Duryea v. Guarnieri'', 564 U.S. 379 (2011), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held the public concern test limits Petition Clause claims by public employees. More specifically, state and local government emplo ...

'' (2011) * '' Lane v. Franks'' (2014) * '' Heffernan v. City of Paterson'' (2016) * '' Houston Community College System v. Wilson'',

Political activity and
Hatch Act of 1939 The Hatch Act of 1939, An Act to Prevent Pernicious Political Activities, is a United States federal law. Its main provision prohibits civil service employees in the executive branch of the federal government, except the president and vice presi ...

* ''

Ex parte Curtis ''Ex parte Curtis'', 106 U.S. 371 (1882), is an 8–1 ruling by the United States Supreme Court that the Act of August 15, 1876 was a constitutional exercise of the enumerated powers of the United States Congress under Article I, Section 8 of the ...

'' (1882) * ''

United Public Workers v. Mitchell ''United Public Workers v. Mitchell'', 330 U.S. 75 (1947), is a 4-to-3 ruling by the United States Supreme Court which held that the Hatch Act of 1939, as amended in 1940, does not violate the First, Fifth, Ninth, or Tenth amendments to U.S. Co ...

'' (1947) * '' United States Civil Service Commission v. National Association of Letter Carriers'' (1973) * ''

Broadrick v. Oklahoma ''Broadrick v. Oklahoma'', 413 U.S. 601 (1973), is a United States Supreme Court decision upholding an Oklahoma statute which prohibited state employees from engaging in partisan political activities. ''Broadrick'' is often cited to enunciate th ...

'' (1973) * '' Elrod v. Burns'' (1976) * '' Branti v. Finkel'' (1979)

Public school students

Speech by students in public secondary schools * ''

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District ''Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District'', 393 U.S. 503 (1969), was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court that defined First Amendment rights of students in U.S. public schools. The ''Tinker'' test, also ...

'' (1969) * '' Healy v. James'' (1972) * '' Board of Education v. Pico'' (1982) * '' Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser'' (1986) * ''

Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier ''Hazelwood School District et al. v. Kuhlmeier et al.'', 484 U.S. 260 (1988), was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States that held that public school curricular student newspapers that have not been established as forums ...

'' (1988) * '' Morse v. Frederick'' (2007) * ''

Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L. ''Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L.'', 594 U.S. ___ (2021), was a United States Supreme Court case involving the ability of schools to regulate freedom of speech in schools in the United States, student speech made off-campus, including speech ...

'' (2021)

Retaliation by public officials

Cases in which it has been alleged governmental officials retaliated for protected speech made by private citizens who are not employed by said officials. * '' Bridges v. California'' (1941) * '' Pennekamp v. Florida'' (1946) * '' Wood v. Georgia'' (1962) * ''

Haig v. Agee ''Haig v. Agee'', 453 U.S. 280 (1981), was a Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court case that upheld the right of the executive branch to revoke a citizen's passport for reasons of national security and the foreign policy ...

'' (1981) * '' Gentile v. State Bar of Nevada'' (1991) * '' Lozman v. City of Riviera Beach'' (2018) * '' Nieves v. Bartlett'' (2019)

Symbolic speech

* ''

United States v. O'Brien ''United States v. O'Brien'', 391 U.S. 367 (1968), was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court, ruling that a criminal prohibition against burning a draft card did not violate the First Amendment's guarantee of free speech. Thoug ...

'' (1968) * ''

Cohen v. California ''Cohen v. California'', 403 U.S. 15 (1971), was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court holding that the First Amendment prevented the conviction of Paul Robert Cohen for the crime of disturbing the peace by wearing a jacket displaying "Fu ...

'' (1971) * '' Smith v. Goguen'' (1974) * ''

Texas v. Johnson ''Texas v. Johnson'', 491 U.S. 397 (1989), was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court held, 5–4, that burning the American flag was protected speech under the First Amendment to the Constitution, as do ...

'' (1989) * ''

United States v. Eichman ''United States v. Eichman'', 496 U.S. 310 (1990), was a United States Supreme Court case that invalidated a federal law against flag desecration as a violation of free speech under the First Amendment. It was argued together with the case ''Unite ...

'' (1990) * '' City of Erie v. Pap's A.M.'' (2000) * ''

Virginia v. Black ''Virginia v. Black'', 538 U.S. 343 (2003), was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court held, 5–4, that any state statute banning cross burning on the basis that it constitutes ''prima facie'' evidence of ...

'' (2003)

Freedom of the press

Broadcast media

* '' Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC'' (1968) * '' CBS v. Democratic National Committee'' (1973) * '' FCC v. League of Women Voters of California'' (1984) * ''

FCC v. Pacifica Foundation ''Federal Communications Commission v. Pacifica Foundation'', 438 U.S. 726 (1978), was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court that defined the power of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) over indecent material as applied to broadc ...

'' (1989) * '' Turner Broadcasting v. FCC'' (1995) * '' Bartnicki v. Vopper'' * '' FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc. I'' (2009) * '' FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc. II'' (2012)

Defamation

* ''

Beauharnais v. Illinois ''Beauharnais v. Illinois'', 343 U.S. 250 (1952), was a case that came before the United States Supreme Court in 1952. It upheld an Illinois law making it illegal to publish or exhibit any writing or picture portraying the "depravity, criminality, ...

'' (1952) * ''

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan ''New York Times Co. v. Sullivan'', 376 U.S. 254 (1964), was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision ruling that the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution's freedom of speech protections limit the ability of American public officials to sue for ...

'' (1964) * '' Garrison v. Louisiana'' (1964) * ''

Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts ''Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts'', 388 U.S. 130 (1967), was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court establishing the standard of First Amendment protection against defamation claims brought by private individuals. Background The case involve ...

'' (1967) * '' St. Amant v. Thompson'' (1968) * ''

Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc. ''Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc.'', 418 U.S. 323 (1974), was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court establishing the standard of First Amendment protection against defamation claims brought by private individuals. The Court held that, so long ...

'' (1974) * '' Time, Inc. v. Firestone'' (1976) * ''

Bose Corp. v. Consumers Union of United States, Inc. ''Bose Corp. v. Consumers Union of United States, Inc.'', 466 U.S. 485 (1984), was a product disparagement case ultimately decided by the Supreme Court of the United States. The Court held, on a 6–3 vote, in favor of Consumers Union, the publi ...

'' (1981) * '' Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. v. Greenmoss Builders, Inc.'' (1985) * '' McDonald v. Smith'' (1985) * ''

Hustler Magazine v. Falwell ''Hustler Magazine, Inc. v. Falwell'', 485 U.S. 46 (1988), was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court ruling that the First and Fourteenth Amendments prohibit public figures from recovering damages for the tort of intentional infli ...

'' (1988) * '' Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co.'' (1990) * '' Hoeper v. Air Wisconsin'' (2014)

Prior restraints and censorship

* ''

Near v. Minnesota ''Near v. Minnesota'', 283 U.S. 697 (1931), was a List of landmark court decisions in the United States, landmark decision of the US Supreme Court under which prior restraint on publication was found to violate Freedom of the press in the United S ...

'' (1931) * ''

Lovell v. City of Griffin ''Lovell v. City of Griffin'', 303 U.S. 444 (1938), is a United States Supreme Court case. This case was remarkable in its discussion of the requirement of persons to seek government sanction to distribute religious material. In this particular ca ...

'' (1938) * ''

'' (1969) * ''

New York Times Co. v. United States ''New York Times Co. v. United States'', 403 U.S. 713 (1971), was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States on the First Amendment right of Freedom of the Press. The ruling made it possible for ''The New York Times'' and ''The ...

'' (1971) * ''

Nebraska Press Assn. v. Stuart ''Nebraska Press Association v. Stuart'', 427 U.S. 539 (1976), was a landmark Supreme Court of the United States decision in which the Court held unconstitutional prior restraints on media coverage during criminal trials. Background ''Nebraska Pr ...

'' (1976) * '' Houchins v. KQED, Inc.'' (1978) * '' Tory v. Cochran'' (2005) * ''

'' (2010)

Privacy

* ''

Time, Inc. v. Hill ''Time, Inc. v. Hill'', 385 U.S. 374 (1967), is a United States Supreme Court case involving issues of privacy in balance with the First Amendment to the United States Constitution and principles of freedom of speech. The Court held 6–3 that the ...

'' (1967) * '' Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn'' (1975) * '' Richmond Newspapers, Inc. v. Virginia'' (198

https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/24/opinion/open-the-supreme-court-to-cameras.html] * ''

Florida Star v. B. J. F. ''Florida Star v. B.J.F.'', 491 U.S. 524 (1989), is a United States Supreme Court case involving freedom of the press and privacy rights. After ''The Florida Star'' newspaper revealed the full name of a rape victim it got from a police report, th ...

'' (1989) * '' Wilson v. Layne'' (1999)

Search and seizure

* '' Zurcher v. Stanford Daily'', (1978)

Taxation and privileges

* '' Grosjean v. American Press Co.'' (1936) * ''

Branzburg v. Hayes ''Branzburg v. Hayes'', 408 U.S. 665 (1972), was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court invalidating the use of the First Amendment as a defense for reporters summoned to testify before a grand jury. The case was argued February 23, 1972, and ...

'' (1972) * '' Minneapolis Star Tribune Company v. Commissioner'' (1983)

Freedom of assembly

* '' United States v. Cruikshank'', * ''

Presser v. Illinois ''Presser v. Illinois'', 116 U.S. 252 (1886), was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States that held, "Unless restrained by their own constitutions, state legislatures may enact statutes to control and regulate all organization ...

'', * ''

De Jonge v. Oregon ''De Jonge v. Oregon'', 299 U.S. 353 (1937), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause applies freedom of assembly Inco ...

'', * '' Thomas v. Collins'',

Freedom of association

* '' Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath'' (1951) * ''

Watkins v. United States ''Watkins v. United States'', 354 U.S. 178 (1957), is a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States that held that the power of the United States Congress is not unlimited in conducting investigations and that nothing in the United States C ...

'' (1957) * '' Sweezy v. New Hampshire'' (1957) * ''

'' (1958) * '' Bates v. City of Little Rock'' (1960) * '' Shelton v. Tucker'' (1960) * '' Gibson v. Florida Legislative Investigation Committee'' (1963) * '' Eastland v. United States Servicemen's Fund'' (1975) * ''

'' (1977) * '' In re Primus'' (1978) * ''

Roberts v. United States Jaycees ''Roberts v. United States Jaycees'', 468 U.S. 609 (1984), was a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States overturning the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit's application of a Minnesota antidiscrimination law. The ca ...

'' (1984) * '' Rotary Int'l v. Rotary Club of Duarte'', 481 U.S. 537 (1987) * ''

Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston ''Hurley v. Irish American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston'', 515 U.S. 557 (1995), was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court regarding free speech rights, specifically the rights of groups to determine what message their activiti ...

'' (1995) * ''

Boy Scouts of America v. Dale ''Boy Scouts of America et al. v. Dale'', 530 U.S. 640 (2000), was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court, decided on June 28, 2000, that held that the constitutional right to freedom of association allowed the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) to ...

'' (2000) * ''

California Democratic Party v. Jones ''California Democratic Party v. Jones'', 530 U.S. 567 (2000), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court held that California's blanket primary violates a political party's First Amendment to the United ...

'' (2000) * ''

'',

Freedom to petition

* '' United States v. Cruikshank'' (1876) * '' Thomas v. Collins'' (1945) * '' Eastern Railroad Presidents Conference v. Noerr Motor Freight, Inc.'' (1961) * ''

NAACP v. Button ''NAACP v. Button'', 371 U.S. 415 (1963), is a 6-to-3 ruling by the Supreme Court of the United States which held that the reservation of jurisdiction by a federal district court did not bar the U.S. Supreme Court from reviewing a state court's ru ...

'' (1963) * ''

'' (1963) * '' United Mine Workers v. Pennington'' (1965) * ''

'' (1965) * ''

California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited ''California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited'', 404 U.S. 508 (1972), was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court involving the right to make petitions to the government. The right to petition is enshrined in the First Amendment to ...

'' (1972) * '' Smith v. Arkansas State Highway Employees'' (1979) * '' McDonald v. Smith'' (1985) * ''

Meyer v. Grant ''Meyer v. Grant'', 486 U.S. 414 (1988), was an important decision by the United States Supreme Court on paid petition circulation. Colorado was one of several states with a process for citizens to propose initiatives for the ballot, which if pass ...

'' (1988) * '' Buckley v. American Constitutional Law Foundation'' (1999) * '' BE and K Construction Co. V. National Labor Relations Board'' (2002) * ''

Doe v. Reed ''Doe v. Reed'', 561 U.S. 186 (2010), is a United States Supreme Court case which holds that the disclosure of signatures on a referendum does not violate the Petition Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. Background ...

'' (2010) * ''

'' (2011)

The establishment of religion

Blue laws

Government aid to church-related schools

Government-sponsored religious displays

Legislative prayer

Internal religious affairs (also involving the Free Exercise Clause)

Ministerial exception

Private religious speech

Religion in public schools

Religious institution functioning as a government agency

Standing to sue

Statutory religious exemptions

Unequal government treatment of different religious groups

Abortion and contraception

Other

The free exercise of religion

Exclusion of religion from public benefits

Polygamy

Free exercise and eminent domain

Free exercise and free speech

Free exercise and public education

Free exercise and public property

Internal religious affairs (also involving the Establishment Clause)

Ministerial exception

Religion and the right to work

Religious tests for public service or benefits

Ritual sacrifice of animals

Solicitation by religious groups

Statutory religious exemptions

Religious Freedom Restoration Act

Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act

Other

Freedom of speech

Campaign finance

Commercial speech

Compelled speech Compelled speech is a transmission of expression required by law. A related legal concept is ''protected speech''. Just as freedom of speech protects free expression, in many cases it similarly protects an individual from being required to utter o ...

Compelled commercial speech

Compelled subsidy for speech of others

Loyalty oaths and affirmations

Content-based

Content-neutral

Sedition and imminent danger

False speech

Fighting words and the heckler's veto

Freedom of assembly and public forums

Time, place and manner

Government speech

Government-subsidized speech

Obscenity

Generally

As criminal offense

Search, seizure and forfeiture

Civil and administrative regulation

Internet

Public employees

Political activity and Hatch Act of 1939 The Hatch Act of 1939, An Act to Prevent Pernicious Political Activities, is a United States federal law. Its main provision prohibits civil service employees in the executive branch of the federal government, except the president and vice presi ...

Public school students

Retaliation by public officials

Symbolic speech

Freedom of the press

Broadcast media

Defamation

Prior restraints and censorship

Privacy

Search and seizure

Taxation and privileges

Freedom of assembly

Freedom of association

Freedom to petition

Further reading

Political activity and
Hatch Act of 1939 The Hatch Act of 1939, An Act to Prevent Pernicious Political Activities, is a United States federal law. Its main provision prohibits civil service employees in the executive branch of the federal government, except the president and vice presi ...