This is a list of people who did not pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr.
Ali had been widely expected to succeed Muhammad upon his death, due to their closeness and Muhammad's stated preference. As he performed Muhammad's funeral rites, a group of
Companions of the Prophet
The Companions of the Prophet ( ar, اَلصَّحَابَةُ; ''aṣ-ṣaḥāba'' meaning "the companions", from the verb meaning "accompany", "keep company with", "associate with") were the disciples and followers of Muhammad who saw or m ...
left and proclaimed
Abu Bakr as the caliph, while others remained loyal to Ali.
Background
In the immediate aftermath of Muhammad's death in 11
AH (632 CE), several of the
Ansar (natives of
Medina) gathered in the
Saqifah
The Saqifa ( ar, سَّقِيفَة, translit=Saqīfah) of the Banu Sa'ida clan refers to the location of an event in early Islam where some of the companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad pledged their allegiance to Abu Bakr as the first cali ...
(courtyard) of the
Saida clan. According to
Madelung, the Ansar likely believed that their allegiance to Muhammad had elapsed with his death and expected that Muhammad's community would disintegrate. For this reason, the purpose of their meeting might had simply been to re-establish control over their city,
Medina, under the belief that the majority of the
Muhajirun
The ''Muhajirun'' ( ar, المهاجرون, al-muhājirūn, singular , ) were the first converts to Islam and the Islamic prophet Muhammad's advisors and relatives, who emigrated with him from Mecca to Medina, the event known in Islam as the ''Hijr ...
(migrants from
Mecca) would return to Mecca anyway.
Upon learning about the meeting, Muhammad's companions
Abu Bakr and
Umar quickly forced their way into Saqifah. After a heated meeting, in which a chief of the Ansar was beaten into submission by Umar, the small group of Muslims gathered at Saqifah agreed on Abu Bakr as the new head of the Muslim community.
[. ] The Saqifah event excluded Muhammad's family, who were preparing to bury him, and most of the
Muhajirun
The ''Muhajirun'' ( ar, المهاجرون, al-muhājirūn, singular , ) were the first converts to Islam and the Islamic prophet Muhammad's advisors and relatives, who emigrated with him from Mecca to Medina, the event known in Islam as the ''Hijr ...
. Many members of Muhammad's clan, the
Banu Hashim
)
, type = Qurayshi Arab clan
, image =
, alt =
, caption =
, nisba = al-Hashimi
, location = Mecca, Hejaz Middle East, North Africa, Horn of Africa
, descended = Hashim ibn Abd Manaf
, parent_tribe = Qu ...
, as well as a number of Muhammad's companions opposed the nomination of Abu Bakr; they held that
Ali was the rightful successor of Muhammad, appointed by him at the
Event of Ghadir Khumm. The issue over the succession to Muhammad would eventually lead to the formation of the two main sects of Islam, with Sunnis considering Abu Bakr to be Muhammad's successor and Shias believing that Ali was the rightful successor to Muhammad.
List
According to various sources, many people did not pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr immediately after the Saqifah. Some did later,
for various reasons. They included:
Notes
References
Sources
* Ebook:
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{{DEFAULTSORT:List of Sahabah that did not give Bay'ah to Abu Bakr
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People from Mecca
People from Medina