List Of Party Switchers In The United States
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Switches by Democrats


Democratic to Republican


1800–1899

* 1855 –
Reuben Fenton Reuben Eaton Fenton (July 4, 1819August 25, 1885) was an American merchant and politician from New York (state), New York. In the mid-19th Century, he served as a United States House of Representatives , U.S. Representative, a United States Sen ...
, while U.S. Representative from
New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...
(1853–1855 and 1857–1864), later
Governor of New York The governor of New York is the head of government of the U.S. state of New York. The governor is the head of the executive branch of New York's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has ...
(1865–1868) & U.S. Senator from
New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...
(1869–1875). * 1856 –
Hannibal Hamlin Hannibal Hamlin (August 27, 1809 – July 4, 1891) was an American attorney and politician who served as the 15th vice president of the United States from 1861 to 1865, during President Abraham Lincoln's first term. He was the first Republican ...
, while U.S. Senator for Maine (1848–1861 and 1869–1881), later
Governor of Maine The governor of Maine is the head of government of the U.S. state of Maine. Before Maine was admitted to the Union in 1820, Maine was part of Massachusetts and the governor of Massachusetts was chief executive. The current governor of Maine is Ja ...
(1857) and 15th vice president of the United States (1861–1865) during the first term of
Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln ( ; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician, and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the nation thro ...
* 1856 –
Simon Cameron Simon Cameron (March 8, 1799June 26, 1889) was an American businessman and politician who represented Pennsylvania in the United States Senate and served as United States Secretary of War under President Abraham Lincoln at the start of the Americ ...
, while U.S. Senator from
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...
(1857–1861 and 1867–1877) and
United States Secretary of War The secretary of war was a member of the President of the United States, U.S. president's United States Cabinet, Cabinet, beginning with George Washington's Presidency of George Washington, administration. A similar position, called either "Se ...
(1861–1862) * 1856 –
Galusha A. Grow Galusha Aaron Grow (August 31, 1823 – March 31, 1907) was an American politician, lawyer, writer and businessman, who served as 24th Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1861 to 1863. Elected as a Democrat in the 1850 congressiona ...
, while U.S. Representative from
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...
(1851–1863 and 1894–1903), later 28th
Speaker of the United States House of Representatives The speaker of the United States House of Representatives, commonly known as the speaker of the House, is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives. The office was established in 1789 by Article I, Section 2 of the U. ...
(1861–1863) * 1856 –
Glenni William Scofield Glenni William Scofield (March 11, 1817 – August 30, 1891) was a United States representative from Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania State Representative, Pennsylvania State Senator, Register of the Treasury and a judge of the Court of Claims. Edu ...
, while U.S. Representative from
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...
(1863–1875) * 1860s –
Ambrose Burnside Ambrose Everett Burnside (May 23, 1824 – September 13, 1881) was an American army officer and politician who became a senior Union general in the Civil War and three times Governor of Rhode Island, as well as being a successful inventor ...
, erstwhile House candidate, later Union General and Governor and Senator (
Rhode Island Rhode Island (, like ''road'') is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is the List of U.S. states by area, smallest U.S. state by area and the List of states and territories of the United States ...
) * 1860s –
Benjamin Franklin Butler Benjamin Franklin Butler (November 5, 1818 – January 11, 1893) was an American major general of the Union Army, politician, lawyer, and businessman from Massachusetts. Born in New Hampshire and raised in Lowell, Massachusetts, Butler is best ...
, later became U.S. Representative from
Massachusetts Massachusetts (Massachusett language, Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut assachusett writing systems, məhswatʃəwiːsət'' English: , ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous U.S. state, state in the New England ...
(1867–1875 and 1877–1879) and
Governor of Massachusetts The governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the chief executive officer of the government of Massachusetts. The governor is the head of the state cabinet and the commander-in-chief of the commonwealth's military forces. Massachusetts ...
(1883–1884) * 1860s –
James M. Hinds James M. Hinds (December 5, 1833 – October 22, 1868) was the first U.S. Congressman assassinated in office. He served as member of the United States House of Representatives for Arkansas from June 24, 1868 until his assassination by the ...
, later U.S. Representative from
Arkansas Arkansas ( ) is a landlocked state in the South Central United States. It is bordered by Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, and Texas and Oklahoma to the west. Its name is from the Osage ...
(1868) * 1864 –
Thompson Campbell Thompson Campbell (1811 – December 6, 1868) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois. Life Born in Ireland, Campbell immigrated to the United States with his parents, who settled in Chester County, Pennsylvania. He attended public schools, stu ...
, former U.S. Representative from
Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolita ...
(1851–1853) * 1865 –
John A. Logan John Alexander Logan (February 9, 1826 – December 26, 1886) was an American soldier and politician. He served in the Mexican–American War and was a general in the Union Army in the American Civil War. He served the state of Illinois as a st ...
, while U.S. Representative from
Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolita ...
, later U.S. Senator from
Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolita ...
(1871–1877 and 1879–1886) * 1867 –
John Adams Dix John Adams Dix (July 24, 1798 – April 21, 1879) was an American politician and military officer who was Secretary of the Treasury, Governor of New York and Union major general during the Civil War. He was notable for arresting the pro-Southern ...
, former
United States Secretary of the Treasury The United States secretary of the treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, and is the chief financial officer of the federal government of the United States. The secretary of the treasury serves as the principal a ...
(1861) & U.S. Senator from
New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...
(1845–1849); later elected as
Governor of New York The governor of New York is the head of government of the U.S. state of New York. The governor is the head of the executive branch of New York's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has ...
(1873–1874) * 1869 –
David P. Lewis David P. Lewis (born David Peter Lewis; May 18, 1820 – July 3, 1884) was a lawyer and politician who served as the List of governors of Alabama, 23rd governor of Alabama from 1872 to 1874 during the Reconstruction era. He was also a Deput ...
, later
Governor of Alabama A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political r ...
(1872–1874) * 1870 –
James Lawrence Orr James Lawrence Orr (May 12, 1822May 5, 1873) was an American diplomat and politician who served as the 22nd speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1857 to 1859. He also served as the 73rd governor of South Carolina from 186 ...
, former
Speaker of the United States House of Representatives The speaker of the United States House of Representatives, commonly known as the speaker of the House, is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives. The office was established in 1789 by Article I, Section 2 of the U. ...
(1857–1859) and U.S. Representative (1849–1859), later
Governor of South Carolina The governor of South Carolina is the head of government of South Carolina. The governor is the '' ex officio'' commander-in-chief of the National Guard when not called into federal service. The governor's responsibilities include making year ...
(1865–1868) * 1893 –
James A. Walker James Alexander Walker (August 27, 1832 – October 21, 1901) was a Virginia lawyer, politician, and Confederate general during the American Civil War, later serving as a United States Congressman for two terms. He earned the nickname "Ston ...
,
Lieutenant Governor of Virginia The lieutenant governor of Virginia is a constitutional officer of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The lieutenant governor is elected every four years along with the governor and attorney general. The office is currently held by Winsome Earle S ...
(1878–1882), later U.S. Representative for
Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth ar ...
(1895–1899)


1900–1949

* 1911 –
Octaviano Ambrosio Larrazolo Octaviano Ambrosio Larrazolo (December 7, 1859April 7, 1930) was a Republican politician who served as the fourth governor of New Mexico and a United States senator. He was the first Mexican-American and first Latino United States senator. Earl ...
, later
Governor of New Mexico , insignia = Seal of the Governor of New Mexico.svg , insigniasize = 110px , insigniacaption = Seal of the Governor , image = File:Michelle Lujan Grisham 2021.jpg , imagesize = 200px , alt = , incumbent = Michelle Lujan Grisham , incu ...
(1919–1921) and U.S. Senator from
New Mexico ) , population_demonym = New Mexican ( es, Neomexicano, Neomejicano, Nuevo Mexicano) , seat = Santa Fe , LargestCity = Albuquerque , LargestMetro = Tiguex , OfficialLang = None , Languages = English, Spanish ( New Mexican), Navajo, Ker ...
(1928–1929) * 1933 –
Raymond Moley Raymond Charles Moley (September 27, 1886 – February 18, 1975) was an American political economist. Initially a leading supporter of the New Deal, he went on to become its bitter opponent before the end of the Great Depression. Early life and ...
, adviser to President
Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
* 1939 –
Wendell Willkie Wendell Lewis Willkie (born Lewis Wendell Willkie; February 18, 1892 – October 8, 1944) was an American lawyer, corporate executive and the 1940 Republican nominee for President. Willkie appealed to many convention delegates as the Republican ...
, later Republican nominee for president in 1940 * 1940 – Jack Porter, challenger to
Lyndon Johnson Lyndon Baines Johnson (; August 27, 1908January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969. He had previously served as the 37th vice ...
in the 1948 Texas Senate elections. * 1942 –
Martin F. Howard Martin F. Howard (September 12, 1892 – April 9, 1969) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly. Biography Howard was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He received a religious-based education in West Allis, Wisconsin. He served in overseas duri ...
, former member of
Wisconsin State Assembly The Wisconsin State Assembly is the lower house of the Wisconsin Legislature. Together with the smaller Wisconsin Senate, the two constitute the legislative branch of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Representatives are elected for two-year terms, ...
* 1942 – Max Galasinski, former member of
Wisconsin State Senate The Wisconsin Senate is the upper house of the Wisconsin State Legislature. Together with the larger Wisconsin State Assembly they constitute the legislative branch of the state of Wisconsin. The powers of the Wisconsin Senate are modeled after t ...
"Victory Easy to Gettelman" Milwaukee Journal September 16, 1942; p. 1, col. 6 * 1946 – Rudolph G. Tenerowicz, former U.S. Representative from
Michigan Michigan () is a state in the Great Lakes region of the upper Midwestern United States. With a population of nearly 10.12 million and an area of nearly , Michigan is the 10th-largest state by population, the 11th-largest by area, and the ...
(1939–1943) * 1947 –
John Aspinwall Roosevelt John Aspinwall Roosevelt II (March 13, 1916 – April 27, 1981) was an American businessman and the sixth and last child of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and his wife, Eleanor Roosevelt. Early life John Aspinwall Roosevelt II was the you ...
, Son of President
Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
* 1949 – Joseph A. McArdle, former U.S. Representative from
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...
(1939–1942) * 1949 – Rush D. Holt Sr., former U.S. Senator from
West Virginia West Virginia is a state in the Appalachian, Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States.The Census Bureau and the Association of American Geographers classify West Virginia as part of the Southern United States while the Bur ...
(1935–1941) * 1949 –
William C. Cramer William Cato Cramer Sr. (August 4, 1922 – October 18, 2003), was an American attorney and politician, elected in 1954 as a member of the United States House of Representatives from St. Petersburg, Florida. He was the first Florida Republican e ...
, later U.S. Representative from
Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...
(1955–1971)


1950–1959

* 1951 –
John Tower John Goodwin Tower (September 29, 1925 – April 5, 1991) was an American politician, serving as a Republican United States Senator from Texas from 1961 to 1985. He was the first Republican Senator elected from Texas since Reconstruction. Tower ...
, later became U.S. Senator from Texas (1961–1985) * 1952 –
Henry Hyde Henry John Hyde (April 18, 1924 – November 29, 2007) was an American politician who served as a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1975 to 2007, representing the 6th District of Illinois, an area of Chicago's ...
, later became U.S. Representative from Illinois (1975–2007) * 1955 –
Ben Adamowski Benjamin S. Adamowski (November 20, 1906 – March 1, 1982) was a politician and lawyer. Early life His father, Max Adamowski, was an alderman in Chicago, as well as a real estate agent in Logan Square, and tavern owner. He graduated from ...
, later
Cook County State's Attorney The Cook County State's Attorney functions as the state of Illinois's district attorney for Cook County, Illinois, and heads the second-largest prosecutor's office in the United States. The office has over 700 attorneys and 1,100 employees. In ad ...
(1956–1960) * 1958 –
Odell Pollard Odell Pollard (April 29, 1927 - May 12, 2015) was a lawyer and politician in Arkansas. He switched from being a Democrat to becoming a member of the Republican Party. In the 1960s, he chaired the Arkansas Republican Party. In 1967 he addressed the ...
* 1959 –
Francis Grevemberg Francis may refer to: People *Pope Francis, the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State and Bishop of Rome * Francis (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters *Francis (surname) Places * Rural ...
, former
Louisiana Louisiana , group=pronunciation (French: ''La Louisiane'') is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It is the 20th-smallest by area and the 25th most populous of the 50 U.S. states. Louisiana is borde ...
State Police State police, provincial police or regional police are a type of sub-national territorial police force found in nations organized as federations, typically in North America, South Asia, and Oceania. These forces typically have jurisdiction o ...
Superintendent Superintendent may refer to: *Superintendent (police), Superintendent of Police (SP), or Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP), a police rank *Prison warden or Superintendent, a prison administrator *Superintendent (ecclesiastical), a church exec ...
* 1959 – Dud Lastrapes, later
mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well a ...
of
Lafayette, Louisiana Lafayette (, ) is a city in the U.S. state of Louisiana, and the most populous city and parish seat of Lafayette Parish, located along the Vermilion River. It is Louisiana's fourth largest incorporated municipality by population and the 234th- ...


1960–1969

*1960s –
Arthur Ravenel Jr. Arthur Ravenel Jr. (March 29, 1927 – January 16, 2023) was an American businessman and a Republican Party (United States), Republican politician from Charleston, South Carolina. From 1987 to 1995, he served four terms in the United States Hou ...
, South Carolina State Representative, later U.S. Representative from
South Carolina )''Animis opibusque parati'' ( for, , Latin, Prepared in mind and resources, links=no) , anthem = " Carolina";" South Carolina On My Mind" , Former = Province of South Carolina , seat = Columbia , LargestCity = Charleston , LargestMetro = ...
(1987–1995) *1960 – Claude R. Kirk Jr., later
Governor of Florida A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political r ...
(1967–1971) *1960 – Robert Daniel, U.S. Representative from Virginia *1962 –
Dave Treen David Conner Treen Sr. (July 16, 1928 – October 29, 2009) was an American politician and attorney from Louisiana. A member of the Republican Party, Treen served as U.S. Representative for Louisiana's 3rd congressional district from 1973 to 1 ...
, later U.S. Representative from Louisiana (1973–1980) and
Governor of Louisiana A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political ...
(1980–1984) *1962 – Jack M. Cox, former Texas State Representative *1962 –
James D. Martin James Douglas Martin (September 1, 1918 – October 30, 2017) was an American politician. Martin was born in Tarrant, Alabama. He served as a member for the 7th district of Alabama of the United States House of Representatives The U ...
, later U.S. Representative from
Alabama (We dare defend our rights) , anthem = "Alabama (state song), Alabama" , image_map = Alabama in United States.svg , seat = Montgomery, Alabama, Montgomery , LargestCity = Huntsville, Alabama, Huntsville , LargestCounty = Baldwin County, Al ...
(1965–1967) *1962 –
Ronald Reagan Ronald Wilson Reagan ( ; February 6, 1911June 5, 2004) was an American politician, actor, and union leader who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989. He also served as the 33rd governor of California from 1967 ...
, while an actor and former
Screen Actors Guild The Screen Actors Guild (SAG) was an American labor union which represented over 100,000 film and television principal and background performers worldwide. On March 30, 2012, the union leadership announced that the SAG membership voted to m ...
president. Later 33rd
Governor of California The governor of California is the head of government of the U.S. state of California. The governor is the commander-in-chief of the California National Guard and the California State Guard. Established in the Constitution of California, the g ...
(1967–1975) and 40th
President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United Stat ...
(1981–1989) *1962 –
Floyd Spence Floyd Davidson Spence (April 9, 1928 – August 16, 2001) was an American attorney and a politician from the U.S. state of South Carolina. Elected for three terms to the South Carolina House of Representatives from Lexington County as a Democrat ...
, South Carolina State Representative, later a U.S. Representative from
South Carolina )''Animis opibusque parati'' ( for, , Latin, Prepared in mind and resources, links=no) , anthem = " Carolina";" South Carolina On My Mind" , Former = Province of South Carolina , seat = Columbia , LargestCity = Charleston , LargestMetro = ...
(1971–2001) *1963 –
Rubel Phillips Rubel Lex Phillips (March 29, 1925 – June 18, 2011) was an American politician and lawyer. Growing up poor in Alcorn County, Mississippi, he served in the United States Navy during World War II and, upon returning, earned a law degree. Haili ...
, former
Mississippi Public Service Commission The Mississippi Public Service Commission regulates telecommunications, electric, gas, water and sewer utilities in the U.S. state of Mississippi. The Commission is an elected body of three commissioners, with one commissioner elected by voters in ...
er *1963 – Stanford Morse, Mississippi State Senator *1963 – James H. Boyce *1963 –
Edward Lunn Young Edward Lunn Young (September 7, 1920 – May 9, 2017) was a Republican U.S. Representative from South Carolina. Biography Young was born in Florence, South Carolina. He graduated from Clemson College (now Clemson University) in 1941. Not long ...
, U.S. Representative from South Carolina *1964 – William Dickinson, U.S. Representative from Alabama *1964 –
Arthur Glenn Andrews Arthur Glenn Andrews (January 15, 1909 – September 25, 2008) was an American politician and a United States representative from Alabama. Biography Andrews was born in Anniston in Calhoun County in North Alabama, a son of Roger Lee Andrews an ...
, U.S. Representative from Alabama *1964 – Alfred Goldthwaite, Alabama State Representative *1964 –
Clarke Reed Clarke Thomas Reed (born 1928) is an American businessman and politician from Greenville, Mississippi, Greenville, Mississippi, who was from 1966 to 1976 the state chairman of the Mississippi Republican Party. Reed was instrumental in the nominati ...
*1964 – George M. McMath, Virginia House of Delegates *1964 –
Faith Whittlesey Faith Amy Whittlesey ( Ryan; February 21, 1939 – May 21, 2018) was an American Republican Party (United States), Republican politician, White House Senior Staff member, and author. She was noted for her efforts to communicate Ronald Reagan's ...
, United States Ambassador to Switzerland *1964 –
Howard Callaway Howard Hollis Callaway (April 2, 1927 – March 15, 2014) was an American businessman and politician. He served as a Republican member for the 3rd district of Georgia of the United States House of Representatives. He also served as the 11th Un ...
, later U.S. Representative from
Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...
(1965–1967) and
United States Secretary of the Army The secretary of the Army (SA or SECARMY) is a senior civilian official within the United States Department of Defense, with statutory responsibility for all matters relating to the United States Army: manpower, personnel, reserve affairs, insta ...
(1973–1975) *1964 –
Iris Faircloth Blitch Iris Faircloth Blitch (April 25, 1912 – August 19, 1993) was a United States representative from Georgia. She was the fourth woman to represent Georgia in the Congress, and the first to win a regularly scheduled general election. Blitch was ...
, former Georgia U.S. Representative (1955–1963) *1964 –
Charles W. Pickering Charles Willis Pickering Sr. (born May 29, 1937) is an American attorney, politician, and jurist who served as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi and, briefly, of the Unit ...
, later Mississippi State senator and judge of the
United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi The United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi (in case citations, S.D. Miss.) is a federal court in the Fifth Circuit with facilities in Gulfport, Hattiesburg, Natchez, and Jackson. Appeals from cases brought in the ...
(2004) *1964 –
Strom Thurmond James Strom Thurmond Sr. (December 5, 1902June 26, 2003) was an American politician who represented South Carolina in the United States Senate from 1954 to 2003. Prior to his 48 years as a senator, he served as the 103rd governor of South Caro ...
, while U.S. senator from
South Carolina )''Animis opibusque parati'' ( for, , Latin, Prepared in mind and resources, links=no) , anthem = " Carolina";" South Carolina On My Mind" , Former = Province of South Carolina , seat = Columbia , LargestCity = Charleston , LargestMetro = ...
(1954–2003).


1970–1979

*1970 –
Jesse Helms Jesse Alexander Helms Jr. (October 18, 1921 – July 4, 2008) was an American politician. A leader in the conservative movement, he served as a senator from North Carolina from 1973 to 2003. As chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee ...
, later U.S. Senator from
North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and So ...
(1973–2003) *1970 – A. C. Clemons, Louisiana State Senator *1970 –
William Oswald Mills William Oswald Mills Sr. (August 12, 1924 – May 24, 1973), was a Republican U.S. congressman who represented the 1st Congressional district of Maryland from May 25, 1971 until his death in Easton, Maryland on May 24, 1973. Life and caree ...
, later U.S. Representative from
Maryland Maryland ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It shares borders with Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to ...
(1971–1973) *1970 –
Bob Barr Robert Laurence Barr Jr. (born November 5, 1948) is an American attorney and politician. He served as a federal prosecutor and as a United States House of Representatives, Congressman. He represented Georgia's 7th congressional district as a Re ...
, later U.S. Representative from
Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...
(1995–2003) *1971 –
Tillie K. Fowler Tillie Kidd Fowler (December 23, 1942 – March 2, 2005) was an American lawyer and politician who served in the United States House of Representatives from Florida's 4th congressional district from 1993 to 2001. Her father and brother served as s ...
, later U.S. Representative from
Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...
(1993–2001) *1972 –
Ed Karst Ed, ed or ED may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Ed (film), ''Ed'' (film), a 1996 film starring Matt LeBlanc * Ed (Fullmetal Alchemist), Ed (''Fullmetal Alchemist'') or Edward Elric, a character in ''Fullmetal Alchemist'' media * Ed (TV ser ...
, Mayor of
Alexandria Alexandria ( or ; ar, ٱلْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةُ ; grc-gre, Αλεξάνδρεια, Alexándria) is the second largest city in Egypt, and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast. Founded in by Alexander the Great, Alexandria ...
*1972 – Graham Purcell Jr., former U.S. Representative from Texas (1962–1973) *1972 –
Robert R. Neall Robert R. Neall (born June 26, 1948) is an American politician and United States Republican Party, Republican in Maryland who has served as state health secretary, state senator, state delegate and Anne Arundel County, Maryland#County Executives, ...
, later Secretary of the
Maryland Department of Health The Maryland Department of Health is an agency of the government of Maryland responsible for public health issues. The Department is headed by a Secretary who is a member of the Executive Council/Cabinet of the Governor of Maryland. Currently t ...
(2018–present) *1972 –
Thomas F. Hartnett Thomas Forbes "Tommy" Hartnett (born August 7, 1941) is a former U.S. Representative from South Carolina. Life and career Hartnett was born in Charleston. He graduated from Bishop England High School in Charleston in 1960. He attended the Col ...
, former U.S. Representative from
South Carolina )''Animis opibusque parati'' ( for, , Latin, Prepared in mind and resources, links=no) , anthem = " Carolina";" South Carolina On My Mind" , Former = Province of South Carolina , seat = Columbia , LargestCity = Charleston , LargestMetro = ...
(1981–1987) *1972 –
Trent Lott Chester Trent Lott Sr. (born October 9, 1941) is an American lawyer, author, and politician. A former United States Senator from Mississippi, Lott served in numerous leadership positions in both the United States House of Representatives and the ...
, later U.S. Representative from
Mississippi Mississippi () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee; to the east by Alabama; to the south by the Gulf of Mexico; to the southwest by Louisiana; and to the northwest by Arkansas. Miss ...
(1973–1989) and U.S. Senator from Mississippi (1989–2007) *1973 –
Mills E. Godwin Jr. Mills Edwin Godwin Jr. (November 19, 1914January 30, 1999) was an American politician who was the List of governors of Virginia, 60th and 62nd governor of Virginia for two non-consecutive terms, from 1966 to 1970 and from 1974 to 1978. In his f ...
, former
governor of Virginia The governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia serves as the head of government of Virginia for a four-year term. The incumbent, Glenn Youngkin, was sworn in on January 15, 2022. Oath of office On inauguration day, the Governor-elect takes th ...
(1966–1970) and
lieutenant Governor of Virginia The lieutenant governor of Virginia is a constitutional officer of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The lieutenant governor is elected every four years along with the governor and attorney general. The office is currently held by Winsome Earle S ...
(1962–1966). Later
Governor of Virginia The governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia serves as the head of government of Virginia for a four-year term. The incumbent, Glenn Youngkin, was sworn in on January 15, 2022. Oath of office On inauguration day, the Governor-elect takes th ...
(1974–1978) *1973 –
Samuel I. Hayakawa Samuel Ichiye Hayakawa (July 18, 1906 – February 27, 1992) was a Canadian-born American academic and politician of Japanese ancestry. A professor of English, he served as president of San Francisco State University and then as U.S. Senator from ...
, later
U.S. Senator The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The composition and powe ...
from
California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...
(1977–1983) *1973 –
John Connally John Bowden Connally Jr. (February 27, 1917June 15, 1993) was an American politician. He served as the 39th governor of Texas and as the 61st United States secretary of the Treasury. He began his career as a Democrat and later became a Republican ...
, former
United States Secretary of the Treasury The United States secretary of the treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, and is the chief financial officer of the federal government of the United States. The secretary of the treasury serves as the principal a ...
(1971–1972) and former
governor of Texas The governor of Texas heads the state government of Texas. The governor is the leader of the executive and legislative branch of the state government and is the commander in chief of the Texas Military. The current governor is Greg Abbott, who ...
(1963–1969) *1975 –
Elizabeth Dole Mary Elizabeth Alexander Hanford Dole (née Hanford; born July 29, 1936)Mary Ella Cathey Hanford, "Asbury and Hanford Families: Newly Discovered Genealogical Information" ''The Historical Trail'' 33 (1996), pp. 44–45, 49. is an American attorn ...
, later
United States Secretary of Transportation The United States secretary of transportation is the head of the United States Department of Transportation. The secretary serves as the principal advisor to the president of the United States on all matters relating to transportation. The secre ...
(1983–1987),
United States Secretary of Labor The United States Secretary of Labor is a member of the Cabinet of the United States, and as the head of the United States Department of Labor, controls the department, and enforces and suggests laws involving unions, the workplace, and all ot ...
(1989–1990) and U.S. Senator from
North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and So ...
(2003–2009) *1975 –
John Jarman John Henry Jarman II (July 17, 1915 – January 15, 1982) was a member of the US House of Representatives from Oklahoma for 26 years, from 1951 to 1977. Early life and career Jarman was born in Sallisaw, Oklahoma, on July 17, 1915, and graduate ...
, while U.S. Representative from
Oklahoma Oklahoma (; Choctaw language, Choctaw: ; chr, ᎣᎧᎳᎰᎹ, ''Okalahoma'' ) is a U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States, bordered by Texas on the south and west, Kansas on the nor ...
(1951–1977) *1976 – Rob Couhig *1977 – A. J. McNamara, Louisiana State Representative *1977 –
Lane Carson Lane Anderson Carson (born August 21, 1947 in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA) is a licensed building contractor, real estate broker, and attorney in private practice who resides in Covington, the parish seat of St. Tammany Parish St. Tamman ...
, Louisiana State Representative *1978 – Robert G. Jones, Louisiana State Senator *1978 – Chris Smith, later U.S. Representative from
New Jersey New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware ...
(1981–present). *1978 – Thomas Bliley, Mayor of Richmond, Virginia, and later U.S. Representative from
Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth ar ...
(1981–2001) *1978 – Michael F. "Mike" Thompson, Louisiana State Representative *1979 – Charles Grisbaum Jr., Louisiana State Representative *1979 – Ed Scogin, Louisiana State Representative *1979 –
Armistead I. Selden Jr. Armistead Inge Selden Jr. (February 20, 1921 – November 14, 1985) was a segregationist U.S. Representative from Alabama. Early life and military service Born in Greensboro, Alabama, Selden attended the public schools. He graduated from G ...
, former U.S. Representative from
Alabama (We dare defend our rights) , anthem = "Alabama (state song), Alabama" , image_map = Alabama in United States.svg , seat = Montgomery, Alabama, Montgomery , LargestCity = Huntsville, Alabama, Huntsville , LargestCounty = Baldwin County, Al ...
(1953–1969) and
United States Ambassador to New Zealand The United States has maintained a Consul (representative), consular presence in New Zealand since 1838. The first consul was James Reddy Clendon. Born in England, Clendon was a ship owner and merchant who bought land and settled in the Bay of Is ...
(1974–1979)


1980–1989

*1980s – S. S. DeWitt, Louisiana State Representative *1980s –
Mike Pence Michael Richard Pence (born June 7, 1959) is an American politician who served as the 48th vice president of the United States from 2017 to 2021 under President Donald Trump. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as the 50th ...
, U.S Representative for
Indiana Indiana () is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States. It is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th s ...
. Later
Governor of Indiana The governor of Indiana is the head of government of the State of Indiana. The governor is elected to a four-year term and is responsible for overseeing the day-to-day management of the functions of many agencies of the Indiana state government ...
(2013–2017) and
Vice President of the United States The vice president of the United States (VPOTUS) is the second-highest officer in the executive branch of the U.S. federal government, after the president of the United States, and ranks first in the presidential line of succession. The vice ...
(2017–2021) *1980 –
Sam Yorty Samuel William Yorty (October 1, 1909 – June 5, 1998) was an American radio host, attorney, and politician from Los Angeles, California. He served as a member of the United States House of Representatives and the California State Assembly, ...
, former U.S. Representative for
California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...
(1951–1955) and
Mayor of Los Angeles The mayor of the City of Los Angeles is the official head and chief executive officer of Los Angeles. The officeholder is elected for a four-year term and is term limit, limited to serving no more than two terms. (Under the Constitution of Califo ...
(1961–1973) *1980 –
Mac Collins Michael Allen "Mac" Collins (October 15, 1944 – November 20, 2018) was an American businessman and politician. He was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1993 to 2005, representing (previously from 1993 to ...
, later U.S. Representative from
Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...
(1993–2005) *1980 –
Jim Donelon Jim Donelon is an American politician. He is the Louisiana Insurance Commissioner, a role he has served in since 2006. He previously served as member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1981 to 2001. Early life and education Donelon g ...
, later Louisiana
Insurance Commissioner An insurance commissioner (or commissioner of insurance) is a public official in the executive branch of a state or territory in the United States who, along with his or her office, regulate the insurance industry. The powers granted to the office ...
(2006–present) *1980 –
Jesse Monroe Knowles Jesse Monroe Knowles (July 23, 1919 – April 23, 2006) was a businessman, civic leader, and politician, elected as a Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party member to both houses of the Louisiana State Legislature for Calcasieu P ...
, Louisiana State Senator *1980 –
Frank D. White Frank Durward White (born Durward Frank Kyle Jr.; June 4, 1933 – May 21, 2003) was an American banker and politician who served as the 41st governor of Arkansas. He served a single two-year term from 1981 to 1983. Early years, family, ed ...
, later
Governor of Arkansas A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political r ...
(1981–1983) *1980 – J.C. "Sonny" Gilbert, Louisiana State Representative *1981 –
Bob Stump Robert Lee Stump (April 4, 1927 – June 20, 2003) was an American politician who served as a U.S. Congressman from Arizona. He served as a member from the Democratic Party from 1977 to 1983 and then later a member of the Republican Party unti ...
, while U.S. Representative from
Arizona Arizona ( ; nv, Hoozdo Hahoodzo ; ood, Alĭ ṣonak ) is a state in the Southwestern United States. It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is part of the Fou ...
(1977–2003) *1981 –
Eugene Atkinson Eugene Vincent Atkinson (April 5, 1927 – August 4, 2016) was an American politician who, from 1979 to 1983, served two-terms as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Early life and career Atkinson was born in the ...
, while U.S. Representative from
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...
(1979–1983) *1981 –
Larry Kudlow Lawrence Alan Kudlow (born August 20, 1947) is an American conservative television personality and financial program host for the Fox network who served as the Director of the National Economic Council during the Trump Administration from 2018 ...
, later Director of the National Economic Council (2018–2021) *1982 –
Condoleezza Rice Condoleezza Rice ( ; born November 14, 1954) is an American diplomat and political scientist who is the current director of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University. A member of the Republican Party, she previously served as the 66th Uni ...
, later
United States National Security Advisor The Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (APNSA), commonly referred to as the National Security Advisor (NSA),The National Security Advisor and Staff: p. 1. is a senior aide in the Executive Office of the President, based at t ...
(2001–2005) and
United States Secretary of State The United States secretary of state is a member of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States and the head of the U.S. Department of State. The office holder is one of the highest ranking members of the president's Ca ...
(2005–2009) *1982 – Joseph P. Wyatt Jr., former U.S. Representative from
Texas Texas (, ; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2 ...
(1979–1981) *1983 –
Phil Gramm William Philip Gramm (born July 8, 1942) is an American economist and politician who represented Texas in both chambers of Congress. Though he began his political career as a Democrat, Gramm switched to the Republican Party in 1983. Gramm was ...
, while U.S. Representative from
Texas Texas (, ; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2 ...
(1979–1985) and later U.S. Senator from
Texas Texas (, ; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2 ...
(1985–2002) *1983 –
Bob Martinez Robert Martinez (born December 25, 1934) is an American retired politician who served as the 40th governor of Florida from 1987 to 1991. A member of the Republican Party, Martinez was the first person of Spanish descent to be elected governor o ...
, while
Mayor of Tampa The Mayor is the highest elected official in Tampa, Florida. Since its incorporation in 1856, the town has had 59 mayors. Tampa had no mayor from 1862 until 1866, during which time the city government was temporarily suspended during and immediate ...
. Later
Governor of Florida A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political r ...
(1987–1991) and
Director of the National Drug Control Policy The Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) is a component of the Executive Office of the President of the United States. The Director of the ONDCP, colloquially known as the Drug Czar, heads the office. "Drug Czar" was a term first used i ...
(1991–1993) *1983 – Edward D.L.G. Pangelinan, while Resident Representative from the
Northern Mariana Islands The Northern Mariana Islands, officially the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI; ch, Sankattan Siha Na Islas Mariånas; cal, Commonwealth Téél Falúw kka Efáng llól Marianas), is an unincorporated territory and commonw ...
(1978–1984) *1984 –
V.J. Bella Vincent Joseph Bella, known as V. J. Bella (born July 29, 1927), is a former member of the Louisiana House of Representatives for District 50 in Iberia and St. Mary parishes, whose service extended from 1972 to 1990. Thereafter, Bella served ...
, Louisiana State Representative *1984 –
Andy Ireland Andrew Poysell Ireland (born August 23, 1930) is an American politician and former U.S. Representative from Florida. Biography Born to a wealthy family in Cincinnati, Ohio, he attended a private school within the city. He finished his high scho ...
, while U.S. Representative from
Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...
(1977–1993) *1984 – H. Edward Knox, Mayor of the City of Charlotte *1984 –
Sonny Callahan Herbert Leon "Sonny" Callahan (September 11, 1932 – June 24, 2021) was an American businessman and politician from Alabama. After being elected as a Democrat from Mobile to the state house and senate, he shifted to the Republican Party after l ...
, Alabama State Senator. Later U.S Representative from Alabama (1985–2003) *1985 – Syd Hedlog, Former US House of Representatives from Florida (1949–1969) *1985 –
Jeane Kirkpatrick Jeane Duane Kirkpatrick (née Jordan; November 19, 1926December 7, 2006) was an American diplomat and political scientist who played a major role in the foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration. An ardent anticommunist, she was a lo ...
, while
U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations The United States ambassador to the United Nations is the leader of the U.S. delegation, the U.S. Mission to the United Nations. The position is formally known as the permanent representative of the United States of America to the United Nations ...
(1981–1985) *1985 – Edward J. King, former
governor of Massachusetts The governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the chief executive officer of the government of Massachusetts. The governor is the head of the state cabinet and the commander-in-chief of the commonwealth's military forces. Massachusetts ...
(1979–1983) *1985 –
Dexter Lehtinen Dexter Wayne Lehtinen (born March 23, 1946) is an American attorney, former politician, interim U.S. Attorney for south Florida, and a law professor. He is the husband of former U.S. Congresswoman Ileana Ros-Lehtinen. Early life and education ...
, Florida State Representative. Later U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Florida (1988–1992) *1985 –
Kent Hance Kent Ronald Hance (born November 14, 1942) is an American politician and lawyer who is the former Chancellor of the Texas Tech University System. In his role, he oversaw Texas Tech University, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Ange ...
, former U.S. Representative from Texas (1979–1985) *1985 – Jock Scott (politician), Louisiana State Representative *1985 –
Carole Keeton Strayhorn Carole Stewart Keeton (born September 13, 1939), formerly known as Carole Keeton McClellan, Carole Keeton Rylander and Carole Keeton Strayhorn, is an American politician and the former Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts. Elected to the comptro ...
, later
Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts The Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts is an executive branch position created by the Texas Constitution. The comptroller is popularly elected every four years, and is primarily tasked with collecting all state tax revenue and estimating the am ...
(1999–2007) *1986 –
William Bennett William John Bennett (born July 31, 1943) is an American conservative politician and political commentator who served as secretary of education from 1985 to 1988 under President Ronald Reagan. He also held the post of director of the Office of ...
, while
U.S. Secretary of Education The United States secretary of education is the head of the United States Department of Education, U.S. Department of Education. The secretary serves as the principal advisor to the president of the United States, and the federal government, on ...
(1985–1988) *1986 – Richard Baker, Louisiana State Representative. Later U.S. Representative from
Louisiana Louisiana , group=pronunciation (French: ''La Louisiane'') is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It is the 20th-smallest by area and the 25th most populous of the 50 U.S. states. Louisiana is borde ...
(1987–2008) *1986 –
Charles T. Canady Charles Terrance Canady (born June 22, 1954) is an American attorney and judge serving on the Supreme Court of Florida since 2008. He previously served two two-year terms as Chief Justice, from 2010 to 2012 and from 2020 to 2022. Prior to his ap ...
, Florida State Representative. Later U.S. Representative from
Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...
(1993–2001), Justice of the
Supreme Court of Florida The Supreme Court of Florida is the highest court in the U.S. state of Florida. It consists of seven members: the chief justice and six justices. Six members are chosen from six districts around the state to foster geographic diversity, and one ...
(2008–present) and Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court of Florida The Supreme Court of Florida is the highest court in the U.S. state of Florida. It consists of seven members: the chief justice and six justices. Six members are chosen from six districts around the state to foster geographic diversity, and one ...
(2010–2012) *1986 –
Frank Rizzo Francis Lazarro Rizzo (October 23, 1920 – July 16, 1991) was an American police officer and politician. He served as Philadelphia police commissioner from 1968 to 1971 and mayor of Philadelphia from 1972 to 1980. He was a member of the Democr ...
, former
mayor of Philadelphia The mayor of Philadelphia is the chief executive of the government of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, as stipulated by the Charter of the City of Philadelphia. The current mayor of Philadelphia is Jim Kenney. History The first mayor of Philadelphia, ...
*1986 –
James David Santini James David Santini (August 13, 1937 – September 22, 2015) was an American attorney, politician and lobbyist who served as the United States House of Representatives, U.S. representative for Nevada's at-large congressional district from 197 ...
, former U.S. Representative from
Nevada Nevada ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, Western region of the United States. It is bordered by Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. N ...
(1975–1983) *1987 –
Paul Hardy Paul Jude Hardy (born October 18, 1942) is an American attorney from Baton Rouge, in the U.S. state of Louisiana, who was the first Republican to have been elected lieutenant governor of the U.S. state of Louisiana since Reconstruction. He serv ...
, former
secretary of state of Louisiana The secretary of state of Louisiana (french: Secrétaire d'État de la Louisiane) is one of the elected constitutional officers of the U.S. state of Louisiana and serves as the head of the Louisiana Department of State. The position was created ...
(1976–1980), later
Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana The lieutenant governor of Louisiana (french: Lieutenant-Gouverneur de la Louisiane) is the second highest state office in Louisiana. The current lieutenant governor is Billy Nungesser, a Republican Party (United States), Republican. The lieuten ...
(1988–1992) *1987 –
Roy Moore Roy Stewart Moore (born February 11, 1947) is an American politician, lawyer, and jurist who served as the 27th and 31st chief justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama from 2001 to 2003 and again from 2013 to 2017, each time being removed fro ...
, later Chief Justice of the
Alabama Supreme Court The Supreme Court of Alabama is the highest court in the state of Alabama. The court consists of a chief justice and eight associate justices. Each justice is elected in partisan elections for staggered six-year terms. The Supreme Court is house ...
(2001–2003) * 1987 –
Edward Vrdolyak Edward Robert Vrdolyak (; born December 28, 1937), also known as "Fast Eddie", is a former American politician and lawyer. He was a longtime Chicago alderman and the head of the Cook County Democratic Party until 1987 when he ran unsuccessfully f ...
, member of the
Chicago City Council The Chicago City Council is the legislative branch of the government of the City of Chicago in Illinois. It consists of 50 alderpersons elected from 50 wards to serve four-year terms. The council is gaveled into session regularly, usually mont ...
and
chairman of the Cook County Democratic Party The Cook County Democratic Party is a Political parties in the United States, political party which represents voters in 50 ward (politics), wards in the city of Chicago and 30 suburban townships of Cook County, Illinois, Cook County. The organiz ...
. He joined the Republican Party after a failed effort to oust
Harold Washington Harold Lee Washington (April 15, 1922 – November 25, 1987) was an American lawyer and politician who was the 51st Mayor of Chicago. Washington became the first African American to be elected as the city's mayor in April 1983. He served as ma ...
as the nominee of the Illinois Solidarity Party in the 1987 mayoral election. * 1987 – Sam Panayotovich, Illinois State Representative and political ally of Vrdolyak. *1987 – James C. Smith,
Attorney General of Florida The Florida attorney general is an elected cabinet official in the U.S. state of Florida. The attorney general serves as the chief legal officer of the state and is head of the Florida Department of Legal Affairs. The office is one of Florida's th ...
(1979–1987), later
Florida Secretary of State The Secretary of State of Florida is an executive officer of the state government of the U.S. state of Florida, established since the original 1838 Constitution of Florida, state constitution. Like the corresponding officials in other states, th ...
(1987–1995) *1988 –
Jim McCrery James Otis McCrery III (born September 18, 1949) is an American lawyer, politician and lobbyist who served as a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1988 to 2009. He represented the 4th District of Louisiana, based ...
, later U.S. Representative from Louisiana (1988–2009) *1988 –
David Duke David Ernest Duke (born July 1, 1950) is an American white supremacist, antisemitic conspiracy theorist, far-right politician, convicted felon, and former Grand Wizard of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. From 1989 to 1992, he was a member ...
, Louisiana State Representative *1988 –
Mike Johanns Michael Owen Johanns ( ; born June 18, 1950) is an American attorney and politician who served as a United States Senator from Nebraska from 2009 to 2015. He served as the 38th governor of Nebraska from 1999 until 2005, and was chair of the Midwe ...
, later
Governor of Nebraska The governor of Nebraska is the head of government of the U.S. state of Nebraska as provided by the fourth article of the Constitution of Nebraska. The officeholder is elected to a four-year term, with elections held two years after presidential e ...
(1999–2005),
United States Secretary of Agriculture The United States secretary of agriculture is the head of the United States Department of Agriculture. The position carries similar responsibilities to those of agriculture ministers in other governments. The department includes several organi ...
(2005–2007) and U.S. Senator from
Nebraska Nebraska () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Kansas to the south; Colorado to the southwe ...
(2009–2015) * 1988 – John Rice, Alabama State Senator *1989 –
John Amari John E. Amari (born August 7, 1948) is an American lawyer, politician and judge from Alabama. Background Born in Roebuck in Jefferson County, Alabama, he received a B.A. from the University of Montevallo, followed by a J.D. from the Cumberland ...
, Alabama State Senator *1989 – Pete Johnson, while
State Auditor of Mississippi The state auditor of Mississippi is an elected official in the executive branch of Government of Mississippi, Mississippi's state government. The duty of the state auditor is to ensure accountability in the use of funds appropriated by the state l ...
(1988–1992) *1989 – Bill Grant, while U.S. Representative from
Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...
(1987–1991) *1989 – Tommy F. Robinson, while U.S. Representative from
Arkansas Arkansas ( ) is a landlocked state in the South Central United States. It is bordered by Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, and Texas and Oklahoma to the west. Its name is from the Osage ...
(1985–1991) *1989 –
Rick Perry James Richard Perry (born March 4, 1950) is an American politician who served as the 14th United States secretary of energy from 2017 to 2019 and as the 47th governor of Texas from 2000 to 2015. Perry also ran unsuccessfully for the Republica ...
, Agriculture Commissioner of
Texas Texas (, ; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2 ...
. Later
Governor of Texas The governor of Texas heads the state government of Texas. The governor is the leader of the executive and legislative branch of the state government and is the commander in chief of the Texas Military. The current governor is Greg Abbott, who ...
(2000–2015) *1989 – W. Fox McKeithen,
Secretary of State of Louisiana The secretary of state of Louisiana (french: Secrétaire d'État de la Louisiane) is one of the elected constitutional officers of the U.S. state of Louisiana and serves as the head of the Louisiana Department of State. The position was created ...
(1988–2005)


1990–1999

*1990 –
Jason Chaffetz Jason E. Chaffetz (; born March 26, 1967) is an American retired politician who served as the U.S. representative for from 2009 until his resignation in 2017. He chaired the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform from 2015 until 2017. Ch ...
, later U.S. Representative from
Utah Utah ( , ) is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. Utah is a landlocked U.S. state bordered to its east by Colorado, to its northeast by Wyoming, to its north by Idaho, to its south by Arizona, and to it ...
(2009–2017) *1990 –
Tom Vandergriff Tommy Joe Vandergriff (January 29, 1926December 30, 2010) was a politician from Texas. He served as Mayor of Arlington from 1951 to 1977, as a U.S. Representative from from 1983 to 1985, and as County Judge of Tarrant County from 1991 to 2007. ...
, former U.S. Representative from
Texas Texas (, ; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2 ...
(1983–1985). Later elected as a County Judge (1991–2007) *1990 – Joseph F. Toomy, Louisiana State Representative *1990 –
Vito Fossella Vito John Fossella Jr. (born March 9, 1965) is an American politician serving as the Staten Island Borough President since 2022. A member of the Republican Party, Fossella previously represented the state's 13th congressional district in the U.S ...
, later U.S. Representative from
New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...
(1997–2009) *1990 –
Lauch Faircloth Duncan McLauchlin "Lauch" Faircloth (born January 14, 1928) is an American politician who served one term as a Republican U.S. Senator from North Carolina. Before his Senate service, Faircloth was a prominent and wealthy hog farmer. One impetus ...
, later U.S. Senator from
North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and So ...
(1993–1999) *1991 –
Bret Schundler Bret D. Schundler (born January 14, 1959) is an American Republican politician from New Jersey. Schundler was the mayor of Jersey City from 1992 until 2001. Schundler was the city's first Republican mayor since 1917. He ran for Governor of New Je ...
,
Mayor of Jersey City The Mayor of the City of Jersey City is the head of the executive branch of the government of Jersey City, New Jersey, United States. The mayor has the duty to enforce the municipal charter and ordinances; prepare the annual budget; appoint depu ...
*1991 –
David Beasley David Muldrow Beasley (born February 26, 1957) is an American politician and the Executive Director of the United Nations World Food Programme. A member of the Republican Party, he served one term as the 113th Governor of South Carolina from 199 ...
, later
Governor of South Carolina The governor of South Carolina is the head of government of South Carolina. The governor is the '' ex officio'' commander-in-chief of the National Guard when not called into federal service. The governor's responsibilities include making year ...
(1995–1999) *1991 –
Buddy Roemer Charles Elson "Buddy" Roemer III (October 4, 1943 – May 17, 2021) was an American politician, investor, and banker who served as the 52nd Governor of Louisiana from 1988 to 1992, and as a member of the United States House of Representatives fr ...
, while
Governor of Louisiana A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political ...
(1988–1992) *1992 –
Byron Looper Byron (Low Tax) Looper (born Byron Anthony Looper; September 15, 1964 – June 26, 2013) was a Democratic turned Republican politician in Tennessee and convicted murderer. In order to advance his political career, he legally changed his midd ...
, Tennessee State Representative *1993 – Edward H. Krebs,
Pennsylvania State Representative The Pennsylvania House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral Pennsylvania General Assembly, the legislature of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. There are 203 members, elected for two-year terms from single member districts. It ...
*1993 –
Don W. Williamson Don, don or DON and variants may refer to: Places *County Donegal, Ireland, Chapman code DON *Don (river), a river in European Russia *Don River (disambiguation), several other rivers with the name *Don, Benin, a town in Benin *Don, Dang, a vill ...
, Louisiana State Senator *1994 –
Eli Bebout Eli Daniel Bebout (born October 14, 1946) is an American athlete and politician who served in the Wyoming House of Representatives from a multi-member district in Fremont County and the 55th district from 1987 to 2001, and later served in the ...
, Wyoming State Representative *1994 –
Ron Gomez Ron is a shortening of the name Ronald. Ron or RON may also refer to: Arts and media * Big Ron (''EastEnders''), a TV character * Ron (''King of Fighters''), a video game character *Ron Douglas, the protagonist in ''Lucky Stiff'' played by Joe A ...
, Louisiana State Representative *1994 –
Woody Jenkins Louis Elwood Jenkins Jr., known as Woody Jenkins (born January 3, 1947), is a newspaper editor in Baton Rouge and Central City, Louisiana, who served as a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1972 to 2000 and waged three unsucc ...
, Louisiana State Representative *1994 –
Dan Richey Dan or DAN may refer to: People * Dan (name), including a list of people with the name ** Dan (king), several kings of Denmark * Dan people, an ethnic group located in West Africa **Dan language, a Mande language spoken primarily in Côte d'Ivoir ...
, former Louisiana State Senator *1994 –
Ed Austin T. Edward "Ed" Austin Jr. (July 15, 1926 – April 23, 2011) was an American politician and attorney. He served as mayor of Jacksonville, Florida from 1991 to 1995. He also served as the first Public Defender for Florida's Fourth Judicial Circ ...
, while
Mayor of Jacksonville The Mayor of Jacksonville is the chief executive for the city of Jacksonville, Florida, United States. Jacksonville currently utilizes the strong mayor form of government, in which the mayor has significant powers compared to the Jacksonville C ...
*1994 –
Walter B. Jones Walter Beaman Jones Jr. (February 10, 1943 – February 10, 2019) was an American politician who served twelve terms in the United States House of Representatives as a member of the Republican Party (United States), Republican Party for from 19 ...
, while running as a Democrat for U.S. Representative from
North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and So ...
. U.S. Representative from
North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and So ...
(1995–2019) *1994 –
Ed Whitfield Wayne Edward Whitfield (born May 25, 1943) is an American politician and attorney who served as the U.S. representative of from January 1995, until his resignation in September 2016. He is a member of the Republican Party, and the first to rep ...
, the day before filing as a candidate for the U.S. House in
Kentucky Kentucky ( , ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States and one of the states of the Upper South. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north; West Virginia and Virginia to ...
. U.S. Representative from
Kentucky Kentucky ( , ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States and one of the states of the Upper South. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north; West Virginia and Virginia to ...
(1995–2016) *1994 –
Ron Gomez Ron is a shortening of the name Ronald. Ron or RON may also refer to: Arts and media * Big Ron (''EastEnders''), a TV character * Ron (''King of Fighters''), a video game character *Ron Douglas, the protagonist in ''Lucky Stiff'' played by Joe A ...
, Louisiana state representative *1994 –
Mike Bowers Michael Joseph Bowers (born October 7, 1941) was the Attorney General of Georgia from 1981 to 1997 before mounting an unsuccessful campaign for Georgia Governor. Bowers was a Democrat through 1994, at which time he joined the Republican Party. B ...
, while
Attorney General of Georgia The Attorney General of Georgia is the chief law enforcement officer and lawyer for the U.S. state of Georgia. The officeholder is elected to a four-year term at the same time as elections are held for Governor of Georgia and other offices. The c ...
(1981–1997) *1994 –
Fob James Forrest Hood "Fob" James Jr. (born September 15, 1934) is an American civil engineer, entrepreneur, football player, and politician. He served as the 48th governor of Alabama, first as a Democrat, 1979–1983, and secondly as a Republican, 1995 ...
, former
governor of Alabama A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political r ...
(1979–1983). Later
Governor of Alabama A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political r ...
(1995–1999) *1994 –
Richard Shelby Richard Craig Shelby (born May 6, 1934) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the senior United States senator from Alabama. First elected to the U.S. Senate in 1986 as a Democrat who later switched to the Republican Party in 1994, h ...
, while U.S. Senator from
Alabama (We dare defend our rights) , anthem = "Alabama (state song), Alabama" , image_map = Alabama in United States.svg , seat = Montgomery, Alabama, Montgomery , LargestCity = Huntsville, Alabama, Huntsville , LargestCounty = Baldwin County, Al ...
(1987–present) *1995 –
Jimmy Hayes James Allison Hayes (born December 21, 1946) is an American politician and lawyer. He is a Republican Party (United States), Republican from Louisiana. Background Born in Lafayette, Louisiana, Lafayette, Hayes graduated from the University of ...
, while U.S. Representative from
Louisiana Louisiana , group=pronunciation (French: ''La Louisiane'') is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It is the 20th-smallest by area and the 25th most populous of the 50 U.S. states. Louisiana is borde ...
(1987–1997) *1995 –
Greg Laughlin Gregory Haines Laughlin (born January 21, 1942) is a politician from Texas. He is a former member of the United States House of Representatives. Early life and education Laughlin was born in Bay City, Texas, and was raised in West Columbia, T ...
, while U.S. Representative from
Texas Texas (, ; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2 ...
(1989–1997) *1995 –
Ben Nighthorse Campbell Ben Nighthorse Campbell (born April 13, 1933) is an American Cheyenne politician who represented Colorado's 3rd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1987 to 1993, and as a United States Senator from Colorado f ...
, while U.S. Senator from
Colorado Colorado (, other variants) is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains, as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of t ...
(1993–2005) *1995 –
Billy Tauzin Wilbert Joseph Tauzin II (; born June 14, 1943) is an American lobbyist and politician. He was President and CEO of PhRMA, a pharmaceutical company lobby group. Tauzin was also a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1980 to ...
, while U.S. Representative from
Louisiana Louisiana , group=pronunciation (French: ''La Louisiane'') is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It is the 20th-smallest by area and the 25th most populous of the 50 U.S. states. Louisiana is borde ...
(1980–2005) *1995 –
Nathan Deal John Nathan Deal (born August 25, 1942) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the 82nd governor of Georgia from 2011 to 2019. He was elected to the United States House of Representatives as a member of the Democratic Party in 1992 a ...
, while U.S. Representative from
Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...
(1993–2011). Later became the 82nd
Governor of Georgia The governor of Georgia is the head of government of Georgia and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor also has a duty to enforce state laws, the power to either veto or approve bills passed by the Georgia Legisl ...
(2011–2019) *1995 – Mike Parker, while U.S. Representative from
Mississippi Mississippi () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee; to the east by Alabama; to the south by the Gulf of Mexico; to the southwest by Louisiana; and to the northwest by Arkansas. Miss ...
(1989–1999) *1995 –
Susana Martinez Susana Martinez (born July 14, 1959) is an American politician and attorney who served as the 31st governor of New Mexico from 2011 to 2019. A Republican, she served as chair of the Republican Governors Association (RGA) from 2015 to 2016. She ...
, later
Governor of New Mexico , insignia = Seal of the Governor of New Mexico.svg , insigniasize = 110px , insigniacaption = Seal of the Governor , image = File:Michelle Lujan Grisham 2021.jpg , imagesize = 200px , alt = , incumbent = Michelle Lujan Grisham , incu ...
(2011–2019) *1995 – Mike Foster, later
Governor of Louisiana A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political ...
(1996–2004) *1995 –
Donald Ray Kennard Donald is a masculine given name derived from the Goidelic languages, Gaelic name ''Dòmhnall''.. This comes from the Proto-Celtic language, Proto-Celtic *''Dumno-ualos'' ("world-ruler" or "world-wielder"). The final -''d'' in ''Donald'' is part ...
, Louisiana State Representative *1995 –
Rusty Crowe Dewey "Rusty" Crowe (born April 2, 1947), is an American politician in the state of Tennessee. He is member of the Tennessee Senate representing the 3rd district, which encompasses Washington County, Unicoi County and Carter County. Crowe a ...
, Tennessee State Senator *1995 – Milton H. Hamilton, Jr, Tennessee State Senator *1996 – Ronnie Culbreth, Georgia State Representative. *1996 –
Norm Coleman Norman Bertram Coleman Jr. (born August 17, 1949) is an American politician, attorney, and lobbyist. From 2003 to 2009, he served as a United States Senator for Minnesota. From 1994 to 2002, he was mayor of Saint Paul, Minnesota. First elected ...
, while Mayor of St Paul. Later U.S. Senator from
Minnesota Minnesota () is a state in the upper midwestern region of the United States. It is the 12th largest U.S. state in area and the 22nd most populous, with over 5.75 million residents. Minnesota is home to western prairies, now given over to ...
(2003–2009) *1996 –
Jay Blossman A jay is a member of a number of species of medium-sized, usually colorful and noisy, passerine birds in the Crow family, Corvidae. The evolutionary relationships between the jays and the magpies are rather complex. For example, the Eurasian m ...
, later
Louisiana Public Service Commission The Louisiana Public Service Commission (LPSC) is an independent regulatory agency which manages public utilities and motor carriers in Louisiana. The commission has five elected members chosen in single-member districts for staggered six-year te ...
er (1997–2008) *1996 –
John Hoeven John Henry Hoeven III ( ; born March 13, 1957) is an American banker and politician serving as the senior U.S. senator from North Dakota, a seat he has held since 2011. A member of the Republican Party, Hoeven served as the 31st governor of No ...
, later
Governor of North Dakota The governor of North Dakota is the head of government of North Dakota and serves as the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The Constitution of North Dakota specifies that "the executive power is vested in the governor" in Secti ...
(2000–2010), later U.S. Senator from
North Dakota North Dakota () is a U.S. state in the Upper Midwest, named after the Native Americans in the United States, indigenous Dakota people, Dakota Sioux. North Dakota is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba to the north a ...
(2011–present) *1996 -
Cleta Mitchell Cleta B. Deatherage Mitchell (born September 16, 1950) is an American lawyer, politician and conservative activist.Elizabeth WilliamsonRiding Shotgun on Campaign Trail ''The Wall Street Journal'', October 30, 2010 Elected in 1976, Mitchell served ...
, previously a member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives (1976–1984) *1997 –
Steve Windom Stephen Ralph Windom (born November 6, 1949) is an American attorney and politician who served as member of the Alabama State Senate from 1989 to 1998 and as the 27th lieutenant governor of Alabama from 1999 to 2003. Windom's political career ...
, Alabama State Senator, later
Lieutenant Governor of Alabama The lieutenant governor of Alabama is the president and presiding officer of the Alabama Senate, elected to serve a four-year term. The office was created in 1868,1868 Const. art. V, § 1 abolished in 1875,1875 Const. art. V, § 1 and recreated in ...
(1999–2003) *1997 –
Kevin Mannix Kevin Leese Mannix (born November 26, 1949) is an American politician, business attorney, and former chairman of the Republican Party in the U.S. state of Oregon. Mannix has served in both houses of the Oregon Legislative Assembly, as a Demo ...
, Oregon State Representative *1997 – Michael J. Michot,
Louisiana House of Representatives The Louisiana House of Representatives (french: link=no, Chambre des Représentants de Louisiane) is the lower house in the Louisiana State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Louisiana. This chamber is composed of 105 repr ...
*1997 – Chip Bailey, Alabama State Senator *1997 – H. Mac Gipson, Alabama State Representative *1997 – Ronald "Ron" Johnson, Alabama State Representative *1998 – Harry C. Goode Jr.,
Florida State Representative The Florida House of Representatives is the lower house of the Florida Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Florida, the Florida Senate being the upper house. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of Florida, adopted ...
*1998 –
George Wallace Jr. George Corley Wallace III, generally known as George Wallace Jr., (born October 17, 1951) is an American politician from the U.S. state of Alabama. He is the only son of George and Lurleen Wallace, each of whom was Democratic governor of Alabama. ...
, former
Alabama State Treasurer The Alabama State Treasurer acts as the head banker for the State of Alabama, handling deposits, withdrawals, redemptions of state warrants and investments of state funds. The position was created in 1819 when Alabama became a state. Its constitu ...
(1987–1995) *1998 –
Gerald Allen Gerald Burton Allen (1885–1956) was a British scholar and a Church of England priest and bishop. Life Allen was born into a clerical family, being the eldest son of The Reverend T.K. Allen, sometime Vicar of Weyhill.Who was Who He was edu ...
, Alabama State Representative *1998 – Steve Flowers, Alabama State Representative *1998 – Tim Parker Jr., Alabama State Representative *1998 –
Herman Badillo Herman Badillo (pronounced ''bah-DEE-yoh''; August 21, 1929 – December 3, 2014) was an American politician who served as borough president of The Bronx and United States Representative, and ran for Mayor of New York City. He was the first Pu ...
, former U.S. Representative from
New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...
(1971–1977) *1998 – David G. Boschert, Maryland State Delegate *1998 –
Sonny Perdue George Ervin "Sonny" Perdue III (born December 20, 1946) is an American veterinarian, businessman, politician, and university administrator who served as the 31st United States Secretary of Agriculture from 2017 to 2021. He previously served as t ...
,
Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...
State Senator. Later became the 81st
Governor of Georgia The governor of Georgia is the head of government of Georgia and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor also has a duty to enforce state laws, the power to either veto or approve bills passed by the Georgia Legisl ...
(2003–2011) and the 31st
United States Secretary of Agriculture The United States secretary of agriculture is the head of the United States Department of Agriculture. The position carries similar responsibilities to those of agriculture ministers in other governments. The department includes several organi ...
*1999 –
Nancy Larraine Hoffmann Nancy Larraine Hoffmann (born September 22, 1947, Needham, Massachusetts) is a Republican former New York State Senator from central New York. Career Hoffmann was a member of the Syracuse, New York City Council. She was first elected to the New Y ...
, New York State Senator


2000–2009

* 2000 – Robert J. Barham, Louisiana State Senator * 2000 – Tom McVea, Louisiana State Representative * 2001 – Blaine Galliher, Alabama State Representative * 2001 –
Clinton LeSueur Clinton Bernard LeSueur (born March 2, 1969) is an American journalist and political aide. He has worked in Mississippi and Washington, D.C., and was the unsuccessful Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives in Mississippi's 2n ...
* 2001 –
Hunt Downer Hunting is the human practice of seeking, pursuing, capturing, or killing wildlife or feral animals. The most common reasons for humans to hunt are to harvest food (i.e. meat) and useful animal products ( fur/ hide, bone/ tusks, horn/antle ...
, Louisiana State Representative * 2002 –
Amy Tuck Amy Tuck (born July 8, 1963) is an American attorney and politician who served as the 30th Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi from 2000 to 2008. A member of the Republican Party (United States), Republican Party, she was previously a member of t ...
,
Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi The lieutenant governor of Mississippi is the second-highest ranking executive officer in Mississippi, below the governor of Mississippi. The office of lieutenant governor was established when Mississippi became a state, abolished for a few decade ...
* 2002 –
Olga A. Méndez Olga Aran Méndez (February 5, 1925 – July 29, 2009) was the first Puerto Rican woman elected to a state legislature in the United States mainland, when, in 1978, she became a member of the New York State Senate. Early years Olga Aran Mén ...
,
New York State Senator The New York State Senate is the upper house of the New York State Legislature; the New York State Assembly is its lower house. Its members are elected to two-year terms; there are no term limits. There are 63 seats in the Senate. Partisan compo ...
* 2002 – Don Cheeks,
Georgia State Senator The Georgia State Senate is the upper house of the Georgia General Assembly, in the U.S. state of Georgia. Legal provisions The Georgia State Senate is the upper house of the Georgia General Assembly, with the lower house being the Georgia Ho ...
* 2002 – Dan Lee,
Georgia State Senator The Georgia State Senate is the upper house of the Georgia General Assembly, in the U.S. state of Georgia. Legal provisions The Georgia State Senate is the upper house of the Georgia General Assembly, with the lower house being the Georgia Ho ...
* 2002 – Rooney Bowen,
Georgia State Senator The Georgia State Senate is the upper house of the Georgia General Assembly, in the U.S. state of Georgia. Legal provisions The Georgia State Senate is the upper house of the Georgia General Assembly, with the lower house being the Georgia Ho ...
* 2002 – Jack Hill,
Georgia State Senator The Georgia State Senate is the upper house of the Georgia General Assembly, in the U.S. state of Georgia. Legal provisions The Georgia State Senate is the upper house of the Georgia General Assembly, with the lower house being the Georgia Ho ...
* 2002 – Terry Burton, Mississippi State Senator * 2002 – Videt Carmichael, Mississippi State Senator * 2002 –
Kay Ivey Kay Ellen Ivey (born October 15, 1944) is an American politician serving as the 54th and incumbent governor of Alabama since 2017. Originally a conservative Southern Democrat, Ivey became a member of the Republican Party in 2002. She was the 38t ...
,
Alabama State Treasurer The Alabama State Treasurer acts as the head banker for the State of Alabama, handling deposits, withdrawals, redemptions of state warrants and investments of state funds. The position was created in 1819 when Alabama became a state. Its constitu ...
(2003–2011),
Lieutenant Governor of Alabama The lieutenant governor of Alabama is the president and presiding officer of the Alabama Senate, elected to serve a four-year term. The office was created in 1868,1868 Const. art. V, § 1 abolished in 1875,1875 Const. art. V, § 1 and recreated in ...
(2011–2017),
Governor of Alabama A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political r ...
(2017–present) * 2003 –
James David Cain James is a common English language surname and given name: *James (name), the typically masculine first name James * James (surname), various people with the last name James James or James City may also refer to: People * King James (disambiguat ...
, Louisiana State Senator * 2003 – Travis Little, Mississippi State Senator * 2003 – Larry Baker, Mississippi State Representative * 2003 – Jim Barnett, Mississippi State Representative * 2003 – Herb Frierson, Mississippi State Representative * 2003 – Frank Hamilton, Mississippi State Representative * 2003 – John Read, Mississippi State Representative * 2003 –
Melinda Schwegmann Melinda Burge Schwegmann (born October 25, 1946) is an American politician. She was the first woman to serve as Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana and was in office from 1992 to 1996. While in office, she was a proponent of the arts and culture in ...
, former
lieutenant governor of Louisiana The lieutenant governor of Louisiana (french: Lieutenant-Gouverneur de la Louisiane) is the second highest state office in Louisiana. The current lieutenant governor is Billy Nungesser, a Republican Party (United States), Republican. The lieuten ...
(1992–1996) * 2003 – Rick Sheehy, Mayor of
Hastings, Nebraska Hastings is a List of cities in Nebraska, city and the county seat of Adams County, Nebraska, Adams County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 25,152 at the 2020 United States Census, 2020 census. It is known as the town where Kool-Aid ...
* 2004 –
Ralph Hall Ralph Moody Hall (May 3, 1923 – March 7, 2019) was an American politician who served as the United States representative for from 1981 to 2015. He was first elected in 1980, and was the chairman of the House Committee on Science, Space and Tec ...
, while U.S. Representative from
Texas Texas (, ; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2 ...
(1981–2015) *2004 –
Rodney Alexander Rodney McKinnie Alexander (born December 5, 1946) is an American politician and member of the Republican Party who served as the Secretary of the Louisiana Department of Veterans Affairs from September 30, 2013, until June 3, 2014. Previously he ...
, while U.S. Representative from
Louisiana Louisiana , group=pronunciation (French: ''La Louisiane'') is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It is the 20th-smallest by area and the 25th most populous of the 50 U.S. states. Louisiana is borde ...
(2004–2013) * 2004 –
Steve Beren Steve Beren (born September 9, 1951) is an American political activist from Seattle, Washington. Early life and education Born in New York City, Beren says that he was raised in a nominal Jewish home, later became an atheist and, in 1995, a Christ ...
* 2004 – Ralph Doxey, Mississippi State Senator * 2005 –
Michael Diven Michael B. Diven (March 27, 1970 – August 18, 2020) was an American politician who served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 22nd District. He was defeated in 2006. Early life and education Diven was born, on ...
, Pennsylvania State Representative * 2005 – Dan Morrish, Louisiana State Representative * 2006 – Sheri McInvale, Florida State Representative * 2006 – Don McLeary, Tennessee State Senator * 2006 – John Giannetti, Maryland State Senator * 2006 – Mickey Channell,
Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...
State Representative * 2006 –
Will Kendrick Will S. Kendrick is a Republican politician who served as a member of the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008, representing the 10th District. History Kendrick was born in Carrabelle and served on the Franklin County Commissio ...
, Florida State Representative * 2006 –
Billy Montgomery Billy Wayne Montgomery, also known as Coach Montgomery (born July 7, 1937), is a former educator who represented the Bossier City-based District 9 in the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1988-2008. He was elected as a Democrat, but he sw ...
, Louisiana State Representative * 2006 – Jimmy Holley, Alabama State Senatorhttp://archive.montgomeryadvertiser.com/article/20100411/NEWS02/4110326/GOP-welcomes-new-members-says-goodbye-others * 2007 – James Walley, Mississippi State Senator * 2007 – Tommy Gollott, Mississippi State Senator * 2007 –
Dawn Pettengill Dawn E. Pettengill (born July 2, 1955) is an American retired politician from Iowa. She was a member of the Iowa House of Representatives from 2005 to 2019, where she represented the 75th District (numbered as the 39th District until January 2 ...
, Iowa State Representative * 2007 – Frank A. Howard, Sheriff of
Vernon Parish Vernon Parish (French: ''Paroisse de Vernon'') is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 52,334. The parish seat is Leesville. Bordered on the west by the Sabine River, the parish was founde ...
* 2007 –
Mike Jacobs Mike Jacobs may refer to: *Mike Jacobs (first baseman) (born 1980), American baseball player; first North American in professional sports to be tested positive for HGH *Mike Jacobs (shortstop) (1877–1949), played for the Chicago Cubs *Mike Jacobs ...
,
Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...
State Representative * 2007 –
John Neely Kennedy John Neely Kennedy (born November 21, 1951) is an American lawyer and politician who has served as the junior United States senator from Louisiana since 2017. He served as the Louisiana State Treasurer from 2000 to 2017. Kennedy has been a memb ...
, State Treasurer of Louisiana. Later U.S. Senator for
Louisiana Louisiana , group=pronunciation (French: ''La Louisiane'') is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It is the 20th-smallest by area and the 25th most populous of the 50 U.S. states. Louisiana is borde ...
(2017–present) * 2007 –
Robert Adley Robert James Adley (2 March 1935 – 13 May 1993) was a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom and railway enthusiast. In the 1970s Adley was part-time Marketing Director for Holiday Inn (UK). He would brief his agency (Alexander J ...
,
Louisiana State Senator The Louisiana State Senate (french: Sénat de Louisiane) is the upper house of the state legislature of Louisiana. All senators serve four-year terms and are assigned to multiple committees. Composition The Louisiana State Senate is compose ...
* 2008 – Nolan Mettetal, Mississippi State Senator * 2008 – Sid Bondurant, Mississippi State Representative * 2008 – Gil Pinac, former Louisiana State Representative * 2009 – Chuck Hopson, Texas State Representative * 2009 – Billy Nicholson, Mississippi State Representative * 2009 – Tom Salmon,
Vermont Auditor of Accounts The Vermont State Auditor of Accounts is one of six constitutional officers in Vermont, elected statewide every two years. The Office provides an independent and objective assessment of Vermont's governmental operations. The current Auditor is ...
* 2009 –
Tom Saviello Thomas B. Saviello (born August 29, 1950) is an American politician. Saviello is a Republican former State Senator from Maine's 17th District, representing part of Kennebec and Franklin Counties, including the population center of Farmington ...
, Maine State Representative, elected to Maine Senate as a Republican in 2010


2010–2019

* 2010 –
Steve Levy Steve Levy (; born March 12, 1965) is an American journalist and sportscaster for ESPN. He is known for his work broadcasting college football, ''Monday Night Football'' and the National Hockey League. Early life and career Levy went to Jo ...
,
County Executive A county executive, county manager or county mayor is the head of the executive branch of government in a United States county. The executive may be an elected or an appointed position. When elected, the executive typically functions either as a ...
of Suffolk County,
New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...
* 2010 – C. Scott Bounds, Mississippi State Representative * 2010 –
Scott Angelle Scott Anthony Angelle (born November 20, 1961) is an American politician who is the former director of the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement in Washington, D.C. From 2013 to 2017, he was the District 2 member of the Louisiana Publi ...
,
Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana The lieutenant governor of Louisiana (french: Lieutenant-Gouverneur de la Louisiane) is the second highest state office in Louisiana. The current lieutenant governor is Billy Nungesser, a Republican Party (United States), Republican. The lieuten ...
(2010). Later Director of the
Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement The Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE "Bessie") is an agency under the United States Department of the Interior. Established in 2011, BSEE is the lead agency in charge of improving safety and ensuring environmental protection r ...
(2017–present) * 2010 – Alan Boothe, Alabama State Representative * 2010 – Steve Hurst, Alabama State Representative * 2010 – Mike Millican, Alabama State Representative * 2010 – Lesley Vance, Alabama State Representative * 2010 – Ellis Black, Georgia State Representative * 2010 –
Amy Carter Amy Lynn Carter (born October 19, 1967) is the daughter of the thirty-ninth U.S. President Jimmy Carter and his First Lady of the United States, first lady Rosalynn Carter. Carter entered the limelight as a child when she lived in the White Hou ...
, Georgia State Representative * 2010 – Mike Cheokas, Georgia State Representative * 2010 –
Bubber Epps James A. "Bubber" Epps (born September 7, 1943) is an American politician. Epps is a retired paving contractor, living in Dry Branch. He previously served as a member of the Georgia House of Representatives from the 144th District, serving from ...
, Georgia State Representative * 2010 –
Gerald Greene Gerald Edward Greene (born January 20, 1948) is an American politician from the state of Georgia. He represents the 151st District of the Georgia House of Representatives The Georgia House of Representatives is the lower house of the Georg ...
, Georgia State Representative * 2010 –
Bob Hanner Robert Paul Hanner (April 19, 1945 – January 2, 2019) was an American politician and businessman. Biography Early years and education Robert Paul Hanner was born in Americus, Georgia on April 19, 1945 to Jack and Yip Hanner. He attended Par ...
, Georgia State Representative * 2010 – Doug McKillip, Georgia State Representative * 2010 – Alan Powell, Georgia State Representative * 2010 – Tim Golden, Georgia State Senator * 2010 – Chris Steineger, Kansas State Senator * 2010 –
Simone B. Champagne Simone may refer to: * Simone (given name), a feminine (or Italian masculine) given name of Hebrew origin * Simone (surname), an Italian surname Simone may also refer to: * Simone (1918 film), ''Simone'' (1918 film), a French silent drama film * S ...
, Louisiana State Representative * 2010 –
Noble Ellington A noble is a member of the nobility. Noble may also refer to: Places Antarctica * Noble Glacier, King George Island * Noble Nunatak, Marie Byrd Land * Noble Peak, Wiencke Island * Noble Rocks, Graham Land Australia * Noble Island, Gr ...
, Louisiana State Representative * 2010 – Walker Hines, Louisiana State Representative * 2010 – Fred Mills, Louisiana State Representative * 2010 – Jim Preuitt, Alabama State Senator * 2010 –
John Alario John A. Alario, Jr. is an American politician from Louisiana who represented the 8th district in the Louisiana State Senate from 2008 until 2020. Currently a Republican, Alario previously represented District 83 in the Louisiana House of Represe ...
, Louisiana State Senator * 2010 – John Smith, Louisiana State Senator * 2010 – Mike Willette, Maine State Representative * 2010 –
Bobby Shows Clebern Hilburn "Bobby" Shows Jr. (August 28, 1938 – January 20, 2019) was an American Republican politician. Shows went to the University of Southern Mississippi and was a businessman. From 1992 to 2016, served as member of the Mississippi Ho ...
, Mississippi State Representative * 2010 –
Cindy Hyde-Smith Cindy Hyde-Smith (née Hyde; born May 10, 1959) is an American politician serving as the junior United States senator from Mississippi since 2018. A member of the Republican Party, she was previously the Mississippi Commissioner of Agriculture a ...
, Mississippi State Senator, State Agriculture Commissioner, United States Senator * 2010 – Eldon Nygaard, South Dakota State Senator * 2010 – Aaron Pena, Texas State Representative * 2010 –
Allan Ritter Allan B. Ritter is an American politician and a former member of the Texas House of Representatives. He was first elected to the Texas House of Representatives in 1998 as a Democrat. He switched political parties and became a Republican Republ ...
, Texas State Representative * 2011 – Tom Butler, Alabama State Senator * 2011 –
Buddy Caldwell James David Caldwell Sr., known as Buddy Caldwell (born May 20, 1946), is an American attorney and politician from the state of Louisiana. He served as Attorney General of Louisiana. Caldwell lost his 2015 reelection bid to Jeff Landry. In 2018 ...
,
Louisiana Attorney General The office of attorney general of Louisiana (french: Procureur général de la Louisiane) has existed since the colonial period. Under Article IV, Section 8 of the Constitution of Louisiana, the attorney general is elected statewide for a four-yea ...
(2008–2016) * 2011 – Russ Nowell, Mississippi State Representative * 2011 – Margaret Rogers, Mississippi State Representative * 2011 – Jeff Smith, Mississippi State Representative * 2011 –
Ezell Lee Ezell G. Lee (April 9, 1933 – May 21, 2012) was a Republican (formerly Democratic) member of the Mississippi Senate, who represented the 47th district from 1992 to 2012.. A member of the Mississippi House of Representatives The Mississipp ...
, Mississippi State Senator * 2011 –
Charles Graddick Charles Allen Graddick Sr. (born December 10, 1944 in Mobile, Alabama, Mobile), was the 42nd Attorney General of Alabama from 1979–1987. He later served as a Judge of the 13th Judicial Circuit Court of the U.S. state of Alabama. Background ...
, Alabama Circuit Judge and former
attorney general of Alabama The Attorney General of Alabama is an elected, constitutional officer of the State of Alabama. The office of the Attorney General is located at the state capitol in Montgomery, Alabama. Henry Hitchcock was elected Alabama's first attorney general ...
(1979–1987) * 2011 –
Charles "Bubba" Chaney Charles R. Chaney, known as Bubba Chaney (born September 23, 1946), is a former member of the Louisiana House of Representatives for District 19, which includes his home city of Rayville in Richland Parish in northeastern Louisiana. A graduate ...
, Louisiana State Representative * 2011 –
Billy Chandler Billy may refer to: * Billy (name), a name (and list of people with the name) Animals * Billy (dog), a dog breed * Billy (pigeon), awarded the Dickin Medal in 1945 * Billy (pygmy hippo), a pet of U.S. President Calvin Coolidge * Billy, a youn ...
, Louisiana State Representative * 2011 – Mike "Pete" Huval, Louisiana State Representative * 2011 – Bob Hensgens, Mayor of
Gueydan, Louisiana Gueydan (local pronunciation e(ɪ)dɔ̃ is a town in Vermilion Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 1,398 at the 2010 census, down from 1,598 in 2000. At the 2020 population estimates program, its population decreased to 1,328. ...
* 2011 –
Jody Amedee Jody may refer to: *Jody (given name), a list of people with the given name *Jody (singer), French singer, real name Julie Erikssen * "Jody" (song), 1986 single by Jermaine Stewart *"Jody", a 1982 song by America from ''View from the Ground'' *"Jod ...
, Louisiana State Senator * 2011 –
Norby Chabert Norbert Nolty Chabert, known as Norby Chabert (born November 28, 1975), is a former member of the Louisiana State Senate. Initially elected as a Democrat, Chabert became a Republican in 2011, criticizing the response of Barack Obama to the Dee ...
, Louisiana State Senator * 2011 –
Mark Grisanti Mark John Grisanti (born October 21, 1964) is an American lawyer, politician, and judge from New York. After being elected to the New York State Senate in District 60 as a Republican in 2010, Grisanti took office as a State Senator on January ...
,
New York State Senator The New York State Senate is the upper house of the New York State Legislature; the New York State Assembly is its lower house. Its members are elected to two-year terms; there are no term limits. There are 63 seats in the Senate. Partisan compo ...
, * 2011 – D. Bruce Goforth, former North Carolina State Representative * 2011 – Linda Collins, Arkansas State Representative * 2011 – Taylor Barras, Louisiana State Representative * 2011 –
Bert Jones Bertram Hays Jones (born September 7, 1951) is a former American football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Baltimore Colts and Los Angeles Rams. At Ruston High School in Ruston, Louisiana, he was given the ...
, North Carolina State Representative * 2011 –
Jim Slezak James Michael Slezak is a Michigan politician who served in the Michigan state House of Representatives. Political career In 2008, Slezak won election to the Michigan state House of Representatives from the 50th District, defeating incumbent Te ...
, Michigan State Representative * 2011 –
Gray Tollison Grady Franklin "Gray" Tollison (born September 8, 1964) is a Republican member of the Mississippi Senate, representing District 9 since 1996. In January 2012, Tollison was appointed Chairman of the Senate Education Committee by Lt. Governor Tate ...
, Mississippi State Senator * 2011 –
Donnie Bell Donnie Bell (born March 3, 1963) is an American politician. He is a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives from the 21st district, being first elected in 2007. He is a member of the Republican party. References 1963 births ...
, Mississippi State Representative * 2011 – Sarah Maestas-Barnes, New Mexico State Representative * 2012 –
J. M. Lozano Jose Manuel Lozano, Jr., known as J. M. Lozano (born May 23, 1980), is a Republican Party (United States), Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives for District 43, which consists of the counties of Bee County, Texas, Bee, Jim Wells ...
, Texas State Representative * 2012 – Roy Schmidt, Michigan State Representative * 2012 – Arthur J. Williams, North Carolina State Representative * 2012 – Christine Watkins, Utah State Representative * 2012 – Jason White, Mississippi State Representative * 2012 – Alan Harper, Alabama State Representative * 2012 – Jerry L. Fielding, Alabama State Senator * 2013 – Lindsey Holmes, Alaska State Representative * 2013 –
Nickey Browning Nickey Reed Browning (born July 19, 1951) is a former Republican member of the Mississippi Senate, having represented the 3rd District in northeastern Mississippi from 1996 to 2020. Early life and education Browning was born on July 19, 1951, ...
, Mississippi State Senator * 2013 –
Elbert Guillory Elbert Lee Guillory (born June 24, 1944) is a former member of the Louisiana State Senate. An American Republican, he represented District 24, including his native Opelousas, and several rural precincts, from May 2, 2009, when he won a special ...
,
Louisiana State Senator The Louisiana State Senate (french: Sénat de Louisiane) is the upper house of the state legislature of Louisiana. All senators serve four-year terms and are assigned to multiple committees. Composition The Louisiana State Senate is compose ...
* 2013 – Rick Ward, III, Louisiana State Senator * 2013 – James R. Fannin, Louisiana State Representative * 2013 – Andy Nuñez, New Mexico State Representative * 2013 –
Ryan Ferns Ryan James Ferns (born December 2, 1982) is an American politician from the state of West Virginia. He was a member of the West Virginia Senate for the 1st district. Ferns was defeated for reelection in 2018 by Democratic candidate William J. Ih ...
, West Virginia State Representative * 2014 – Charles Newton, Alabama State Representative * 2014 – Andy Nuñez, New Mexico State Representative * 2014 – Randall Patterson, Mississippi State Representative * 2014 – Daniel Hall, West Virginia State Senator * 2014 – Linda Black, Missouri State Representative * 2014 –
Mark Miloscia Mark Anthony Miloscia (born September 13, 1958) is an American politician and former public school teacher who served in the Washington State Senate from 2015 to 2019. A Democrat for more than twenty years, in 2014 he switched to the Republican P ...
, Washington State Representative * 2014 – Gene Taylor, former U.S. Representative from Mississippi (1989–2011) * 2015 – Mike Holcomb, Arkansas State Representative * 2015 –
Kim Davis Kimberly Jean Davis (; born September 17, 1965) is a former county clerk for Rowan County, Kentucky, who gained international attention in August 2015 when she defied a U.S. federal court order to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples. ...
, County Clerk of
Rowan County, Kentucky Rowan County (, ) is a County (United States), county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Kentucky, in the Eastern Kentucky Coalfield region. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the population was 24,662. Its coun ...
* 2015 –
Jody Steverson Joseph F. "Jody" Steverson (born August 21, 1968) is a Republican member of the Mississippi House of Representatives, representing the 4th district. Steverson is the Director of Voice and Data for Ripley Video Cable Company. On November 5, 2015, ...
, Mississippi State Representative * 2015 – Denver Butler, Kentucky State Representative * 2015 –
Carlyle Begay Carlyle W. Begay is a Diné-American politician. A member of the Republican Party, he represented the seventh district in the Arizona State Senate which is the largest Legislative State District in the Continental United States. Early life Beg ...
, Arizona State Senator * 2015 – Jim Gooch, Kentucky State Representative * 2015 –
Eric Greitens Eric Robert Greitens (; born April 10, 1974) is a former American politician who was the 56th governor of Missouri from January 2017 until his resignation in June 2018 amid allegations of sexual assault and campaign finance impropriety. Born a ...
, later
Governor of Missouri A governor is an politician, administrative leader and head of a polity or Region#Political_regions, political region, ranking under the Head of State, head of state and in some cases, such as governor-general, governors-general, as the head of ...
(2016–2018) * 2015 –
Omarosa Manigault Omarosa Onee Manigault Newman () ( Manigault; born 1974), often known as Omarosa, is an American reality television show participant, writer, and former political aide to former US President Donald Trump. She became widely known as a contestant ...
, later director of communications for the
Office of Public Liaison The White House Office of Public Engagement is a unit of the White House Office within the Executive Office of the President of the United States. Under the administration of President Barack Obama, it was called the White House Office of Public ...
(2017) * 2016 – Karen MacBeth, Rhode Island State Representative * 2016 –
Yancey McGill John Yancey McGill (born September 18, 1952) is an American politician from South Carolina. He was a member of the state Senate from 1989 to 2014. He served as the 90th Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina from June 2014 to January 2015. , he is ...
,
Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina The lieutenant governor of South Carolina is the second-in-command to the governor of South Carolina. Beyond overseeing the Office on Aging and the responsibility to act or serve as governor in the event of the office's vacancy, the duties of th ...
(2014–2015) * 2016 – David Hillman, Arkansas State Representative * 2016 –
Jeff Wardlaw Jeffrey Reed "Jeff" Wardlaw (born August 25, 1980) is a farmer from Hermitage in Bradley County in south Arkansas who is a Republican member of the Arkansas House of Representatives for District 8, which he has represented since 2011. His dist ...
, Arkansas State Representative * 2016 –
Joe Jett Joseph Edward Jett, known as Joe Jett (born c. 1960) is an American politician from the state of Arkansas. A member of the Republican Party since December 2016, Jett represents District 56 in the Arkansas House of Representatives. Jett switched p ...
, Arkansas State Representative * 2016 –
Wilbur Ross Wilbur Louis Ross Jr. (born November 28, 1937) is an American businessman who served as the 39th United States Secretary of Commerce from 2017 to 2021. A member of the Republican Party, Ross was previously chairman and chief executive officer ...
, later
United States Secretary of Commerce The United States secretary of commerce (SecCom) is the head of the United States Department of Commerce. The secretary serves as the principal advisor to the president of the United States on all matters relating to commerce. The secretary rep ...
(2017–present) * 2017 –
Michelle Rehwinkel Vasilinda Michelle Rehwinkel Vasilinda (born July 9, 1960) is an American politician and lawyer from Florida. She is a former member of the Florida House of Representatives, in which she represented the 9th District, which includes most of Leon County, f ...
, former Florida State Representative * 2017 – Mariellen MacKay, New Hampshire State Representative * 2017 –
William Brisson William Dale Brisson (born August 18, 1946) is a Republican member of the North Carolina House of Representatives. He has represented the 22nd district, covering Bladen County and a portion of Sampson County, since 2007. Brisson lives in Blad ...
, North Carolina Assemblyman * 2017 –
Rupert Phillips Rupert W. "Rupie" Phillips, Jr. (born February 17, 1969) is an American politician and a Republican member of the West Virginia Senate since 2020. Prior to his election to the Senate, he served in the West Virginia House of Delegates representing ...
, West Virginia State Delegate * 2018 –
Mike Oliverio Michael Angelo Oliverio II (born August 6, 1963) is a former State Senator for the 13th district and the 2010 Democratic nominee for U.S. Representative for . He previously served in the West Virginia House of Delegates. Oliverio ran for his ...
, former West Virginia State Senator * 2018 –
Bobby Bright Bobby Neal Bright Sr. (born July 21, 1952) is an American former lawyer, farmer, and former politician who served as a U.S. Representative and was previously the three term Mayor of Montgomery, Alabama. He served from 2009 to 2011 as the Represe ...
, former U.S. Representative from Alabama (2009–2011) * 2018 – Ken Luttrell, Oklahoma State Representative * 2018 – Johnny Tadlock, Oklahoma State Representative * 2018 –
Ivanka Trump Ivana Marie "Ivanka" Trump (; born October 30, 1981) is an American businesswoman and the first daughter of Donald Trump, 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021. She was a senior advisor in his administration, and also was the ...
, Daughter of President
Donald Trump Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who served as the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021. Trump graduated from the Wharton School of the University of Pe ...
, Advisor to the President * 2019 –
Nick Bain Nick R, Bain (born September 18, 1979) is a Republican member of the Mississippi House of Representatives, representing the 2nd district since 2012. Early life Bain was born in Corinth, Mississippi. He parents are Patricia and Tommy Bain. As ...
, Mississippi State Representative * 2019 –
Carroll Hubbard Carroll Hubbard Jr. (July 7, 1937 – November 12, 2022) was an American politician and attorney from Kentucky. He began his political career in the Kentucky Senate, and was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1974. He serve ...
, former U.S. Representative from
Kentucky Kentucky ( , ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States and one of the states of the Upper South. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north; West Virginia and Virginia to ...
(1975–1993) * 2019 –
Jeff Van Drew Jefferson H. Van Drew (born February 23, 1953) is an American politician and dentist serving as the U.S. representative for New Jersey's 2nd congressional district since 2019. Formerly a Democrat, he has been a member of the Republican Party sin ...
, U.S Representative from
New Jersey New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware ...
(2019–present) * 2019 –
Wanda Vázquez Garced Wanda Emilia Vázquez Garced (born July 9, 1960) is a Puerto Rican politician and attorney who served as Governor of Puerto Rico from 2019 to 2021. Prior to her tenure as governor, she served as the 19th secretary of Justice, from 2017 to 201 ...
, Governor of
Puerto Rico Puerto Rico (; abbreviated PR; tnq, Boriken, ''Borinquen''), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( es, link=yes, Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, lit=Free Associated State of Puerto Rico), is a Caribbean island and Unincorporated ...
(2019–2021) and former
Secretary of Justice of Puerto Rico The secretary of justice of Puerto Rico ( es, Secretario de Justicia de Puerto Rico) (known as the attorney general of Puerto Rico prior to the Constitution of Puerto Rico in 1952) is the chief legal officer and the attorney general of the gove ...
(2017–2019)


2020–present

* *2020 – Jason Barrett, West Virginia State Representative * 2021 –
Vernon Jones Vernon Angus Jones (born October 31, 1960) is an American politician who served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1993 to 2001 and from 2017 to 2021. Between his periods in the Georgia House of Representatives, Jones was Chief Execut ...
, Georgia State Representative * 2021 –
John Jay Lee John Jay Lee (born August 20, 1955) is an American entrepreneur and politician who served as mayor of North Las Vegas. He is a former member of the Nevada Senate, representing Clark County District 1 (2004–2012), and a former member of the N ...
, North Las Vegas Mayor * 2021 – Mick Bates, West Virginia State Delegate * 2021 – Ryan Guillen, Texas State Representative * 2022 –
Glenn Jeffries Glenn Jeffries is an American politician who is a member of the West Virginia Senate The West Virginia Senate is the upper house of the West Virginia Legislature. There are seventeen senatorial districts. Each district has two senators who se ...
, West Virginia State Senator


Democratic to other (third) party

* 1878 –
Hendrick Bradley Wright Hendrick Bradley Wright (April 24, 1808 – September 2, 1881) was a Democratic and Greenback member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Early life Hendrick B. Wright was born in Plymouth, Pennsylvania on April 24, 180 ...
, U.S Representative from
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...
(1853–1855, 1861–1863 and 1877–1881), ran for reelection on the
Greenback Party The Greenback Party (known successively as the Independent Party, the National Independent Party and the Greenback Labor Party) was an American political party with an anti-monopoly ideology which was active between 1874 and 1889. The party ran ...
* 1884 – Absolom M. West, member of the Mississippi State Senate. He joined the Greenback Party and was their vice presidential candidate in 1884. * 1996 –
Daniel Hamburg Daniel Hamburg (born October 6, 1948) is an American politician in Northern California who was elected as a Democratic Party Congressman in 1992, serving one term from 1993 to 1995. In 1998, he was the Green Party gubernatorial candidate in Cali ...
, former U.S. Representative (1993–1995) to Green Party * 1999 –
Audie Bock Audie Elizabeth Bock (born October 15, 1946) is an American film scholar and politician who served in the California State Assembly from 1999 to 2000, and was elected to the Sarasota County, Florida Soil and Water Conservation District in 2018. S ...
, California State Assemblywoman to Green Party * 2000 –
Matt Gonzalez Matthew Edward Gonzalez (born June 4, 1965) is an American politician, lawyer, and activist. He served on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors from 2001 and 2005 and was president of the Board. In 2003, Gonzalez, running as a member of the Gre ...
, Supervisor of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors to Green Party. * 2003 –
Matt Ahearn Matthew Ahearn is an American politician, who served in the New Jersey General Assembly, where he represented the 38th legislative district from 2002 to 2004. Ahearn represented a district which covers an area between the Passaic and Hudson Riv ...
, New Jersey State Representative to Green Party. * 2002 –
Tim Penny Timothy Joseph Penny (born November 19, 1951) is an American author, musician, and former politician from Minnesota. Penny was a Democratic-Farmer-Labor member of the United States House of Representatives, 1983–1995, representing Minnesota's ...
, former U.S Representative from Minnesota (1983–1995) to
Independence Party of Minnesota The Independence Party of Minnesota (often abbreviated IPM, MNIP or IP), formerly the Reform Party of Minnesota, is a political party in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It was the party of former Minnesota governor Jesse Ventura (1999–2003). ...
* 2005 –
Jim Lendall Jim Lendall is an American politician, activist, and nurse. Lendall was the 2010 Green Party candidate for Arkansas governor. Lendall, a former State Representative, from Little Rock was elected to four terms in the state legislature as both a ...
, Arkansas State Representative joined the Green Party. * 2006 –
Bill Paparian William Mihrtad Paparian (born 1949 in Los Angeles, California) is an American politician, a former mayor of Pasadena, California, serving from 1995 to 1997. He was also a member of the Pasadena City Council from 1987 to 1999, and a Green Party ...
, Mayor of Pasadena to
Green Party A green party is a formally organized political party based on the principles of green politics, such as social justice, environmentalism and nonviolence. Greens believe that these issues are inherently related to one another as a foundation ...
. * 2007 –
Cynthia McKinney Cynthia Ann McKinney (born March 17, 1955) is an American politician, academic, and conspiracy theorist. As a member of the Democratic Party, she served six terms in the United States House of Representatives. She was the first African American ...
, former U.S. Representative from Georgia (1993–2003 and 2005–2007) to
Green Party A green party is a formally organized political party based on the principles of green politics, such as social justice, environmentalism and nonviolence. Greens believe that these issues are inherently related to one another as a foundation ...
* 2012 –
Adolfo Carrión Jr. Adolfo Carrión Jr. (born March 6, 1961) is an American businessman and former elected official from City Island, New York, City Island. He has three sisters Elizabeth Carrión-Stevens, Damaris Carrión-Harris and Lizette Carrión. He served one ...
, former Bronx Borough President and Director of the Office of Urban Affairs, to
Independence Party of New York The Independence Party is a political party in the U.S. state of New York. The party was founded in 1991 by Dr. Gordon Black, Tom Golisano, and Laureen Oliver from Rochester, New York, and acquired ballot status in 1994. They lost their ballot ...
. * 2012 – Fred Smith, Arkansas State Representative to Green Party. * 2017 –
Henry John Bear Henry John Bear is a Native American politician from Maine. In January 2013, he was sworn in as the first elected member of the Maine House of Representatives representing the Maliseet people. He replaced David Slagger, who was appointed to the ...
, Maine State Representative to
Maine Green Independent Party The Maine Green Independent Party is a state-level political party affiliated with the Green Party of the United States. It is the oldest state green party in the United States. It was founded following an informal meeting of 17 environmental ...
. * 2017 –
Ralph Chapman Ralph D. "Slouie" Chapman (May 8, 1892 – August 1969) was an American football player. He was the son of P. T. Chapman, a wealthy banker in Vienna, Illinois. He played at the guard position for Robert Zuppke's University of Illinois footb ...
, Maine State Representative to Maine Green Independent Party. * 2017 –
Joseph Stallcop Joseph P. Stallcop (born May 7, 1996) is an American politician, author, EMT, and former member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives. He was first elected to the chamber in 2016 as a Democrat. In May 2017, Stallcop switched his party a ...
, New Hampshire State Representative to
Libertarian Party Active parties by country Defunct parties by country Organizations associated with Libertarian parties See also * Liberal parties by country * List of libertarian organizations * Lists of political parties Lists of political part ...
* 2018 – Shane Robinson, Maryland House Representative to
Maryland Green Party The Maryland Green Party is the state party organization for Maryland of the Green Party of the United States. The Maryland Green Party qualified as a recognized political party on August 17, 2000, since that time the party has grown to 9,350 m ...
.


Democratic to independent

* 1970 –
Harry F. Byrd Jr. Harry Flood Byrd Jr. (December 20, 1914 – July 30, 2013) was an American orchardist, newspaper publisher and politician. He served in the Senate of Virginia and then represented Virginia in the United States Senate, succeeding his father, Harr ...
, while U.S. Senator from
Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth ar ...
(1965–1983) * 2006 –
Joe Lieberman Joseph Isadore Lieberman (; born February 24, 1942) is an American politician, lobbyist, and attorney who served as a United States Senate, United States senator from Connecticut from 1989 to 2013. A former member of the Democratic Party (Uni ...
, while U.S. Senator from
Connecticut Connecticut () is the southernmost state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its cap ...
(1989–2013), to run as an independent, on the
Connecticut for Lieberman Connecticut for Lieberman was a Connecticut political party created by twenty-five supporters of Senator Joe Lieberman. The party was created to enable Lieberman to run for re-election following his defeat in the 2006 Connecticut Democratic prim ...
ballot line, for US Senate in
Connecticut Connecticut () is the southernmost state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its cap ...
, after losing to challenger
Ned Lamont Edward Miner Lamont Jr. (born January 3, 1954) is an American businessman and politician serving as the 89th governor of Connecticut. He has served in this position since January 9, 2019. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a Greenwi ...
in the Democratic primary. * 2006 –
Avel Gordly Avel Louise Gordly (born February 13, 1947) is an activist, community organizer, and former politician in the U.S. state of Oregon, who in 1996 became the first African-American woman to be elected to the Oregon State Senate. She served in the S ...
, Oregon State Senator. * 2009 –
Timothy P. Cahill Timothy Patrick Cahill (born December 1, 1958) is an American former politician who served as Massachusetts Treasurer and Receiver-General and was an independent candidate in the 2010 Massachusetts gubernatorial election. Early life Cahill gra ...
,
Treasurer and Receiver-General of Massachusetts The Treasurer and Receiver-General of Massachusetts (commonly called the "treasurer") is an executive officer, elected statewide every four years. The Treasurer oversees the Office of Abandoned Property, escheated accounts, the State Retirement ...
(2003–2011) * 2009 – Juan Arambula, California State Assemblyman * 2009 – Kathleen Curry, Colorado State Representative * 2010 – Bob Ziegelbauer,
Wisconsin State Assembly The Wisconsin State Assembly is the lower house of the Wisconsin Legislature. Together with the smaller Wisconsin Senate, the two constitute the legislative branch of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Representatives are elected for two-year terms, ...
man. * 2013 – Richard Laird, Alabama State Representative * 2013 –
John Olumba John Olumba (born July 12, 1981) is an American attorney, politician and Democrat who served two terms as a member of the Michigan State House of Representatives. He represented the 3rd house district located in Wayne County, which comprises the ...
, Michigan State Representative. * 2014 –
Terry Hayes Terry Hayes (born 8 October 1951) is an English-born Australian screenwriter, producer and author best known for his work with the Kennedy Miller film production house and his debut novel ''I Am Pilgrim''. Biography Born in Sussex, England, Hay ...
,
Maine State Treasurer The Maine State Treasurer is a constitutional officer of the U.S. state of Maine. The office is authorized by Article V, Part Third of the Maine Constitution. The Treasurer is chosen by the Maine Legislature in joint session for a two-year term; t ...
. * 2015 – Keith English, Missouri State Representative. * 2015 – Paul Tine, North Carolina State Representative. * 2016 – Ben Jones, former U.S. Representative from Georgia (1989–1993). * 2016 –
Mike Huether Mike Huether is an American philanthropist and politician from South Dakota. He was the mayor of Sioux Falls from 2010 to 2018. Personal life and education Huether was born in Yankton, South Dakota in 1962. In 1984, he attended South Dakota St ...
, Mayor of
Sioux Falls, South Dakota Sioux Falls () is the most populous city in the U.S. state of South Dakota and the 130th-most populous city in the United States. It is the county seat of Minnehaha County and also extends into Lincoln County to the south, which continues up ...
. * 2017 – Denise Harlow, Maine State Representative * 2017 – Martin Grohman, Maine State Representative * 2017 –
Cheri Jahn Cheri Jahn (born July 12, 1953) is a politician from Colorado. She served in both the State Senate and the State House of Representatives. While serving in the senate, she switched her party from Democrat to Independent In the Colorado Senate, s ...
, Colorado State Senator * 2019 – Stephen Holland and Angela Cockerham, Mississippi State Representatives * 2019 –
John Yudichak John T. Yudichak (born May 1, 1970) is an American politician from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania who served as a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate for 14th District from 2011 to 2022. The district included parts of Carbon, Luzerne, an ...
, Pennsylvania State Senator * 2021 –
Andrew Yang Andrew Yang (born January 13, 1975) is an American businessman, attorney, lobbyist, and politician. Yang was a candidate in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries and the 2021 New York City Democratic mayoral primary. He is the co-c ...
, candidate in the
2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries Presidential primaries and caucuses were organized by the Democratic Party to select the 3,979 pledged delegates to the 2020 Democratic National Convention held on August 17–20 to determine the party's nominee for president in the 2020 Unit ...
and the
2021 New York City Democratic mayoral primary The Democratic Party primary for the 2021 New York City mayoral election took place on June 22, 2021. Brooklyn Borough President Eric Adams defeated 12 other candidates, including Kathryn Garcia, Maya Wiley and Andrew Yang. Adams went on to defea ...
* 2021 – Malinda White, Louisiana State Representative * 2021 –
Betsy Johnson Elizabeth Katharine Johnson (born January 12, 1951) is an American aviator, entrepreneur, and politician who served in the Oregon House of Representatives from the 1st and 31st House districts from 2001 to 2005, and in the Oregon Senate from ...
, Oregon State Senator * 2022 –
Tulsi Gabbard Tulsi Gabbard (; born April 12, 1981) is an American politician, United States Army Reserve officer and political commentator who served as the U.S. representative for Hawaii's 2nd congressional district from 2013 to 2021. Gabbard was the firs ...
, former U.S. Representative from
Hawaii Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only stat ...
(2013–2021) * 2022 –
Kyrsten Sinema Kyrsten Lea Sinema (; born July 12, 1976) is an American politician and former social worker serving as the senior United States senator from Arizona since January 2019. A former member of the Democratic Party, Sinema became an independent in ...
, U.S. Senator from
Arizona Arizona ( ; nv, Hoozdo Hahoodzo ; ood, Alĭ ṣonak ) is a state in the Southwestern United States. It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is part of the Fou ...


Switches by Republicans


Republican to Democratic


Before 1960

* 1860s –
Henry George Henry George (September 2, 1839 – October 29, 1897) was an American political economist and journalist. His writing was immensely popular in 19th-century America and sparked several reform movements of the Progressive Era. He inspired the eco ...
* 1860s –
Andrew Gregg Curtin Andrew Gregg Curtin (April 22, 1815/1817October 7, 1894) was a U.S. lawyer and politician. He served as the Governor of Pennsylvania during the Civil War, helped defend his state during the Gettysburg Campaign, and led organization of the crea ...
, former
governor of Pennsylvania A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political ...
(1861–1867), later U.S. Congressman from
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...
(1881–1887) * 1860s –
Alonzo Garcelon Alonzo Garcelon (May 6, 1813 – December 8, 1906) was the 36th governor of Maine, and a surgeon general of Maine during the American Civil War. Early life and education Garcelon was born in Lewiston (in modern-day Maine, then a part of ...
, later served as
Governor of Maine The governor of Maine is the head of government of the U.S. state of Maine. Before Maine was admitted to the Union in 1820, Maine was part of Massachusetts and the governor of Massachusetts was chief executive. The current governor of Maine is Ja ...
(1879–1880) * 1867 –
John Quincy Adams II John Quincy Adams II (September 22, 1833 – August 14, 1894) was an American politician who represented Quincy in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1866 to 1867, 1868 to 1869, 1871 to 1872, and from 1874 to 1875. Adams served as ...
, member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives and grandson of President
John Quincy Adams John Quincy Adams (; July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, and diarist who served as the sixth president of the United States, from 1825 to 1829. He previously served as the eighth United States S ...
* 1868 –
Salmon P. Chase Salmon Portland Chase (January 13, 1808May 7, 1873) was an American politician and jurist who served as the sixth chief justice of the United States. He also served as the 23rd governor of Ohio, represented Ohio in the United States Senate, a ...
, former senator from Ohio (1849–1855, 1861),
Governor of Ohio A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political ...
(1856–1860) and
Secretary of the Treasury The United States secretary of the treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, and is the chief financial officer of the federal government of the United States. The secretary of the treasury serves as the principal a ...
(1861–1864) and later Chief Justice of the United States (1864–1873) * 1872 –
Edmund G. Ross Edmund Gibson Ross (December 7, 1826May 8, 1907) was a politician who represented Kansas after the American Civil War and was later governor of the New Mexico Territory. His vote against convicting President Andrew Johnson of "high crimes and ...
, former U.S. Senator from
Kansas Kansas () is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka, and its largest city is Wichita. Kansas is a landlocked state bordered by Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to the ...
(1866–1871) * 1877 – James B. Weaver, later U.S. Representative from
Iowa Iowa () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west. It is bordered by six states: Wisconsin to the northeast, Illinois to the ...
(1879–1889) * 1880 –
Benjamin Butler Benjamin Franklin Butler (November 5, 1818 – January 11, 1893) was an American major general of the Union Army, politician, lawyer, and businessman from Massachusetts. Born in New Hampshire and raised in Lowell, Massachusetts, Butler is best ...
, former U.S. Representative from
Massachusetts Massachusetts (Massachusett language, Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut assachusett writing systems, məhswatʃəwiːsət'' English: , ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous U.S. state, state in the New England ...
(1867–1879), later
Governor of Massachusetts The governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the chief executive officer of the government of Massachusetts. The governor is the head of the state cabinet and the commander-in-chief of the commonwealth's military forces. Massachusetts ...
(1883–1884) * 1880 –
C. H. J. Taylor Charles Henry James Taylor (1857–1899), was an American journalist, editor, lawyer, orator, and political organizer. An early supporter of Democratic Grover Cleveland, he was appointed Minister to Liberia in Cleveland's first presidential ter ...
, African American journalist. He was later Minister of Liberia (1887–1888) and Recorder of Deeds for the District of Columbia (1893–1897) * 1893 – George Edwin Taylor, newspaper editor and later president of the National Negro Democratic League. * 1905 – John Francis Wheaton, previously first African American to serve in the
Minnesota House of Representatives The Minnesota House of Representatives is the lower house of the Legislature of the U.S. state of Minnesota. There are 134 members, twice as many as the Minnesota Senate. Floor sessions are held in the north wing of the State Capitol in Saint Pa ...
(1899–1900) * 1920s – Ferdinand Lee Barnett, founding editor of ''
The Chicago Conservator ''The Chicago Conservator'' was an American newspaper. Founded by attorney Ferdinand Barnett in 1878, it was the first African-American newspaper in Chicago. History Barnett founded the newspaper in 1878 and served as co-editor with R. P. Bird. ...
'' and husband of
Ida B. Wells Ida B. Wells (full name: Ida Bell Wells-Barnett) (July 16, 1862 – March 25, 1931) was an American investigative journalist, educator, and early leader in the civil rights movement. She was one of the founders of the National Association for ...
.Finkelman, Paul, ed. ''Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: From the Age of Segregation to the Twenty-first Century''. Oxford University Press, 2009. pp. 137–138. * 1922 –
Royal S. Copeland Royal Samuel Copeland (November 7, 1868June 17, 1938), a United States Senator from New York from 1923 until 1938, was an academic, homeopathic physician, and politician. He held elected offices in both Michigan (as a Republican) and New York ...
, later U.S. Senator from New York (1923–1938) * 1930s –
Charles Edison Charles Edison (August 3, 1890 – July 31, 1969) was an American politician, businessman, inventor and animal behaviorist. He was the Assistant and then United States Secretary of the Navy, and served as the 42nd governor of New Jersey. Commonly ...
, later the 42nd Governor of New Jersey (1941–1944). * 1932 – Robert Lee Vann, publisher and editor of the ''
Pittsburgh Courier The ''Pittsburgh Courier'' was an African-American weekly newspaper published in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, from 1907 until October 22, 1966. By the 1930s, the ''Courier'' was one of the leading black newspapers in the United States. It was acqu ...
'' * 1932 –
Mary McLeod Bethune Mary Jane McLeod Bethune ( McLeod; July 10, 1875 – May 18, 1955) was an American educator, philanthropist, humanitarian, Womanism, womanist, and civil rights activist. Bethune founded the National Council of Negro Women in 1935, established th ...
, activist and member of the
Black Cabinet The Black Cabinet, or Federal Council of Negro Affairs or Black Brain Trust, was the informal term for a group of African Americans who served as public policy advisors to President Franklin D. Roosevelt and First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt in his te ...
during Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration. * 1932 –
Robert Russa Moton Robert Russa Moton (August 26, 1867 – May 31, 1940) was an American educator and author. He served as an administrator at Hampton Institute. In 1915 he was named principal of Tuskegee Institute, after the death of founder Booker T. Washington, ...
, principal of
Tuskegee Institute Tuskegee University (Tuskegee or TU), formerly known as the Tuskegee Institute, is a private, historically black land-grant university in Tuskegee, Alabama. It was founded on Independence Day in 1881 by the state legislature. The campus was de ...
. * 1932 –
Phelps Phelps Phelps Phelps (May 4, 1897 – June 10, 1981), born Phelps von Rottenburg, was an American politician who held a number of offices in New York (state), New York before becoming the governor of American Samoa and the United States Ambassador t ...
, New York Assemblyman, later
Governor of American Samoa This is a list of governors, etc. of the part of the Samoan Islands (now comprising American Samoa) under United States administration since 1900. From 1900 to 1978 governors were appointed by the Federal government of the United States. Since ...
(1951–1952) * 1932 –
Arthur W. Mitchell Arthur Wergs Mitchell, Sr. (December 22, 1883 – May 9, 1968), was a U.S. Representative from Illinois. For his entire congressional career from 1935 to 1943, he was the only African American in Congress. Mitchell was the first African American ...
, later U.S. Representative from
Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolita ...
(1935–1943) * 1932 – Charles Diggs Sr., later member of the
Michigan Senate The Michigan Senate is the upper house of the Michigan Legislature. Along with the Michigan House of Representatives, it composes the state legislature, which has powers, roles and duties defined by Article IV of the Michigan Constitution, ado ...
(1937–1944). * 1936 – Ellis E. Patterson, California state assemblyman, later
Lieutenant Governor of California The lieutenant governor of California is the second highest executive officer of the government of the U.S. state of California. The lieutenant governor is elected to serve a four-year term and can serve a maximum of two terms. In addition to l ...
(1939–1943) and U.S. Representative from
California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...
(1945–1947) * 1936 – Elizabeth Simpson Drewry, later the first African American member of the
West Virginia House of Delegates The West Virginia House of Delegates is the lower house of the West Virginia Legislature. Only three states—Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia—refer to their lower house as the House of Delegates. Organization Regular sessions begin with ...
(1951–1966) * 1939 – William L. Dawson, later U.S. Representative from Illinois (1943–1970) * 1939 – Corneal A. Davis, later a member of the
Illinois House of Representatives The Illinois House of Representatives is the lower house of the Illinois General Assembly. The body was created by the first Illinois Constitution adopted in 1818. The House under the current constitution as amended in 1980 consists of 118 re ...
(1943–1979) * 1940 –
Perle Mesta Perle Reid Mesta (born Pearl Skirvin; October 12, 1889March 16, 1975) was an American socialite, political hostess, and United States ambassador to Luxembourg (1949–53). Mesta was known for her lavish parties for Washington, D.C., society. At ...
, later
United States Ambassador to Luxembourg The United States Ambassador to Luxembourg oversees the U.S. Embassy in that country. They supervise the embassy staff in the conduct of diplomatic relations with the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and coordination of the activities of U.S. Governmen ...
(1949–1953) * 1940 –
George W. Crockett, Jr. George William Crockett Jr. (August 10, 1909 – September 7, 1997) was an African-American attorney, jurist, and congressman from the U.S. state of Michigan. He also served as a national vice-president of the National Lawyers Guild and co- ...
, later Congressman from
Michigan's 13th congressional district Michigan's 13th congressional district is a United States congressional district in Wayne County, Michigan. It is currently represented by Democrat Shri Thanedar. The district includes portions of Detroit and some of its suburbs, and it was t ...
(1980–1991) * 1951 –
James C. Oliver James Churchill Oliver (August 6, 1895 – December 25, 1986) was a U.S. Representative from Maine. He served three consecutive congressional terms as a Republican from 1937 to 1943, then later served a fourth term as a Democrat from 1959 to 196 ...
, former U.S. Representative from
Maine Maine () is a state in the New England and Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and north ...
(1937–1943), Democratic nominee for
Governor of Maine The governor of Maine is the head of government of the U.S. state of Maine. Before Maine was admitted to the Union in 1820, Maine was part of Massachusetts and the governor of Massachusetts was chief executive. The current governor of Maine is Ja ...
in
1952 Events January–February * January 26 – Black Saturday in Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses. * February 6 ** Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, becomes m ...
, later served as U.S. Representative from Maine (1959–1961).


1960–1969

* 1960s –
Pete Stark Fortney Hillman Stark Jr. (November 11, 1931 – January 24, 2020), known as Pete Stark, was an American businessman and politician who was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1973 to 2013. A Democrat from California, St ...
, later served as U.S. Representative from
California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...
(1973–2013) * 1960s –
Howard Dean Howard Brush Dean III (born November 17, 1948) is an American physician, author, lobbyist, and retired politician who served as the 79th governor of Vermont from 1991 to 2003 and chair of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) from 2005 to 200 ...
, later
Lieutenant Governor of Vermont The lieutenant governor of Vermont is elected for a two-year term and chosen separately from the governor. The Vermont Lieutenant Governor's main responsibilities include acting as governor when the governor is out of state or incapacitated, presi ...
(1987–1991),
Governor of Vermont The governor of Vermont is the head of government of Vermont. The officeholder is elected in even-numbered years by direct voting for a term of 2 years. Vermont and bordering New Hampshire are the only states to hold gubernatorial elections every ...
(1991–2003) and Chair of the Democratic National Committee (2005–2009) * 1960s – Archibald Carey Jr., later Mayor of
Shreveport, Louisiana Shreveport ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Louisiana. It is the third most populous city in Louisiana after New Orleans and Baton Rouge, respectively. The Shreveport–Bossier City metropolitan area, with a population of 393,406 in 2020, is t ...
* 1962 – Calhoun Allen, Commissioner of Public Utilities * 1962 –
Don Edwards William Donlon Edwards (January 6, 1915 – October 1, 2015) was an American politician of the Democratic Party and a member of the United States House of Representatives from California for 32 years in the late 20th century. Early life Edwar ...
, later Congressman from
California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...
(1963–1995). * 1964 – William Cousins, later member of the Chicago City Council (1967–1976) * 1966 –
Jay Rockefeller John Davison "Jay" Rockefeller IV (born June 18, 1937) is a retired American politician who served as a United States senator from West Virginia (1985–2015). He was first elected to the Senate in 1984, while in office as governor of West Virg ...
, later United States Senator from West Virginia (1985-2015) * 1968 –
Hillary Clinton Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton ( Rodham; born October 26, 1947) is an American politician, diplomat, and former lawyer who served as the 67th United States Secretary of State for President Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013, as a United States sen ...
, later
First Lady of the United States The first lady of the United States (FLOTUS) is the title held by the hostess of the White House, usually the wife of the president of the United States, concurrent with the president's term in office. Although the first lady's role has never ...
(1993–2001), U.S. Senator from
New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...
(2001–2009),
United States Secretary of State The United States secretary of state is a member of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States and the head of the U.S. Department of State. The office holder is one of the highest ranking members of the president's Ca ...
(2009–2013) and nominee of the
Democratic Party Democratic Party most often refers to: *Democratic Party (United States) Democratic Party and similar terms may also refer to: Active parties Africa *Botswana Democratic Party *Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea *Gabonese Democratic Party *Demo ...
for
President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United Stat ...
in the 2016 election.


1970–1979

*1970 –
Floyd K. Haskell Floyd Kirk Haskell (February 7, 1916August 25, 1998) was an American lawyer and politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a U.S. Senator from Colorado from 1973 to 1979. Early life and career Floyd Haskell was born in Morri ...
, later served as U.S. Senator from
Colorado Colorado (, other variants) is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains, as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of t ...
(1973–1979) *1970 – William G. Barr, while
Illinois State Representative The Illinois House of Representatives is the lower house of the Illinois General Assembly. The body was created by the first Illinois Constitution adopted in 1818. The House under the current constitution as amended in 1980 consists of 118 re ...
*1971 –
John Lindsay John Vliet Lindsay (; November 24, 1921 – December 19, 2000) was an American politician and lawyer. During his political career, Lindsay was a U.S. congressman, mayor of New York City, and candidate for U.S. president. He was also a regular ...
,
Mayor of New York City The mayor of New York City, officially Mayor of the City of New York, is head of the executive branch of the government of New York City and the chief executive of New York City. The mayor's office administers all city services, public property ...
*1971 –
Leon Panetta Leon Edward Panetta (born June 28, 1938) is an American Democratic Party politician who has served in several different public office positions, including Secretary of Defense, CIA Director, White House Chief of Staff, Director of the Office of ...
, later served as U.S. Representative from
California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...
(1977–1993), White House Chief of Staff (1994–1997), Director of the C.I.A. (2009–2011) and United States Secretary of Defense, U.S. Secretary of Defense (2011–2013) *1972 – Ogden R. Reid, while U.S. Representative from
New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...
(1963–1975) *1972 – Herman Goldner, Mayor of St. Petersburg, Florida, St. Petersburg *1972 – Harvey Milk, later a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors (1978). *1973 – Joan Finney, later Kansas State Treasurer (1974–1991) and Governor of Kansas (1991–1995) *1973 – Don Riegle, while U.S. representative from
Michigan Michigan () is a state in the Great Lakes region of the upper Midwestern United States. With a population of nearly 10.12 million and an area of nearly , Michigan is the 10th-largest state by population, the 11th-largest by area, and the ...
(1967–1976) and later U.S. Senator from
Michigan Michigan () is a state in the Great Lakes region of the upper Midwestern United States. With a population of nearly 10.12 million and an area of nearly , Michigan is the 10th-largest state by population, the 11th-largest by area, and the ...
(1976–1995) *1973 – Edward Meyer (politician), Edward Meyer, New York State Assemblyman *1974 – Patrick A. Ribellia, Hawaii House of Representatives, Hawaii State Representative *1976 – James Glisson, Florida State Senator *1976 – Howard Oda, Hawaii State Representative *1976 – James Aki, Hawaii House of Representatives, Hawaii State Representative *1977 – Lloyd H. Kincaid,
Wisconsin State Assembly The Wisconsin State Assembly is the lower house of the Wisconsin Legislature. Together with the smaller Wisconsin Senate, the two constitute the legislative branch of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Representatives are elected for two-year terms, ...
man *1977 – Peter Peyser, U.S. Representative from
New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...
(1971–1977 and 1979–1983) *1978 – John Peavey, Idaho State Senator *1978 – Robert McNamara, US Secretary of Defence (1961–1968)


1980–1989

*1980 – Thomas M. Foglietta, Member of the Philadelphia City Council, later served as U.S. Representative from
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...
(1981–1997) and United States Ambassador to Italy (1997–2001) *1985 – John Yarmuth, later served as U.S. Representative from
Kentucky Kentucky ( , ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States and one of the states of the Upper South. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north; West Virginia and Virginia to ...
(2007–2023) *1985 – Chris Coons, later U.S. Senator from Delaware (2010–present) *1987 – Martha Ezzard, Colorado State Senator *1987 – Patrick A. Ribellia, Hawaii House of Representatives, Hawaii State Representative *1988 – Albio Sires, later served as U.S. Representative from
New Jersey New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware ...
(2006–present) *1988 – Duane Woodard, Colorado Attorney General *1988 – Donna Akeda, Hawaii State Representative *1988 – Ann Kobayashi, Hawaii State Senator *1988 – Milton Marks, California State Senator


1990–1999

* 1991 – Markos Moulitsas, later founder of Daily Kos * 1992 – Loretta Sanchez, later served as U.S. Representative from
California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...
(1997–2017) * 1992 – Frank Pecora, Pennsylvania State Senator * 1992 – Michael F. Doyle, Mike Doyle, later served as U.S. Representative from
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...
(1995–2022) * 1992 – Mark Takano, later served as U.S. Representative from California (2013–present) * 1994 – Bernard Erickson, Texas State Representative * 1995 – Elizabeth Warren, later served as U.S. Senator from
Massachusetts Massachusetts (Massachusett language, Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut assachusett writing systems, məhswatʃəwiːsət'' English: , ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous U.S. state, state in the New England ...
(2013–present) * 1996 – Carolyn McCarthy, later served as U.S. Representative from
New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...
(1997–2015) * 1996 – Ralph Neas, executive director of the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights * 1996 – Russell W. Peterson, former governor of Delaware (1969–1973) * 1997 – Debra J. Mazzarelli, New York State Assemblywoman * 1997 – Harley Rouda, later served as U.S. Representative for
California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...
(2019–2021) * 1999 – Michael Forbes, while serving as U.S. Representative from
New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...
(1995–2001) *1999 – Gabrielle Giffords, later U.S. Representative from
Arizona Arizona ( ; nv, Hoozdo Hahoodzo ; ood, Alĭ ṣonak ) is a state in the Southwestern United States. It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is part of the Fou ...
(2007–2012)


2000–2009

*2000 – Jeff Enfinger, Alabama State Senator *2000 – Scott Heidepriem, South Dakota State Senator *2000 – Dean Johnson (politician), Dean Elton Johnson, Minnesota State Senator. *2000 – Mark DeSaulnier, Contra Costa County Supervisor. Later U.S. Representative for
California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...
(2015–present) *2000 – Judi Dutcher, Minnesota State Auditor (1995–2003) *2000 – Margaret Gamble, South Carolina State Representative *2000 – Mickey Whatley, South Carolina State Representative *2000 – Randy Sauder, Georgia State Representative *2000 – Ed Schultz *2001 – John A. Lawless, Pennsylvania House of Representatives. *2001 – Kathy Ashe, Georgia State Representative *2001 – Barbara McIlvaine Smith, Pennsylvania State Representative *2002 – Charles Wayne Goforth, former member of the Illinois State Representative. *2002 – D. G. Anderson, Hawaii State Senator *2002 – Charles R. Larson, former United States Naval Academy, Superintendent of United States Naval Academy (1983–1986 and 1994–1998). *2002 – Ray Nagin, later List of mayors of New Orleans, Mayor of New Orleans (2002–2010) *2002 – Douglas Stalnaker, West Virginia House of Delegates *2003 – Michael P. Decker, Michael Decker, North Carolina State Representative *2003 – Barbara Hafer, Pennsylvania Treasurer, State Treasurer of Pennsylvania (1997–2005) *2003 – Corey Corbin, New Hampshire State Representative *2003 – Stan Moody, Maine State Representative *2003 – Nancy Boyda, later served as U.S. Representative from
Kansas Kansas () is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka, and its largest city is Wichita. Kansas is a landlocked state bordered by Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to the ...
(2007–2009) *2003 – John E. Moore, later Lieutenant Governor of Kansas (2003–2007) *2003 – Bazy Tankersley, horse breeder, conservationist, and daughter of Senator Joseph M. McCormick. *2004 – Arthur Mayo (politician), Arthur Mayo, Maine State Senator *2004 – Scott Dix, Georgia State Representative *2004 – Teresa Heinz, Widow of Senator John Heinz and Current wife of John Kerry. *2005 – Tim Mahoney, later served as U.S. Representative for
Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...
(2007–2009) *2005 – Paul J. Morrison, district attorney for Johnson County, Kansas, later Kansas Attorney General (2006–2007) *2005 – Steve Lukert, Kansas State Representative *2006 – James H. Webb Jr., James Webb, former United States Secretary of the Navy (1987–1988), later U.S. Senator from
Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth ar ...
(2007–2013) *2006 – Mark Parkinson (Kansas politician), Mark Parkinson, Kansas State Senator, later Lieutenant Governor of Kansas (2007–2009) and Governor of Kansas (2009–2011) *2006 – Charles Barkley *2006 – Nancy Riley, Oklahoma State Senate, Oklahoma State Senator *2006 – Kate Witek, Nebraska Auditor of Public Accounts (1999–2007) *2006 – Sam Kitzenberg, Montana Senate, Montana State Senator. *2006 – Rodney Tom, Washington State House of Representatives, Washington State Representative * 2006 – Diana Urban, Connecticut State Representative * 2006 – Cindy Neighbor, Kansas State Representative * 2006 – Wendy Davis (politician), Wendy Davis, Member of the Fort Worth City Council, later Texas State Senator and Texas gubernatorial election, 2014, 2014 Democratic nominee for
Governor of Texas The governor of Texas heads the state government of Texas. The governor is the leader of the executive and legislative branch of the state government and is the commander in chief of the Texas Military. The current governor is Greg Abbott, who ...
* 2007 – Pete McCloskey, former U.S. Representative from
California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...
(1967–1983)McCloskey, P. "Another Point of View: What Happened to the Party of Ford & Eisenhower?". (Auburn, Calif.) ''Sentinel'', April 27, 2007. * 2007 – Walter Boasso, Louisiana State Senator * 2007 – Janet DiFiore, district attorney of Westchester County, New YorkJoseph De Avila
Westchester D.A. Is Nominated to Be State's Top Judge
''Wall Street Journal'' (December 1, 2015).
* 2007 – Paul D. Froehlich, Illinois State Representative. * 2007 – Robert Garcia (California politician), Robert Garcia, later Mayor of Long Beach, Mayor of Long Beach, California * 2007 – Mike Spano, New York State Assemblyman * 2007 – Chris Koster, Missouri State Senator, later Missouri Attorney General (2009–2017) and Missouri gubernatorial election, 2016, 2016 Democratic nominee for
Governor of Missouri A governor is an politician, administrative leader and head of a polity or Region#Political_regions, political region, ranking under the Head of State, head of state and in some cases, such as governor-general, governors-general, as the head of ...
* 2007 – Milward Dedman, Kentucky State Representative * 2007 – Melvin B. Henley, Kentucky State Representative * 2007 – Kirk England, Texas State Representative * 2007 – James Hovland, Mayor of Edina, Minnesota * 2007 – Francis Bodine, New Jersey State Representative * 2007 – Debbie Stafford, Colorado State Representative * 2007 – Fred Jarrett, Washington State Representative * 2007 – Karen Awana, Hawaii State Representative * 2007 – Mike Gabbard, Hawaii State Senator * 2008 – David L. Hogue, Utah State Representative * 2008 – Stacey Plaskett, later served as Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives, Delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives from the United States Virgin Islands's at-large congressional district, United States Virgin Islands (2015–present). * 2008 – Gil Cisneros, later served as U.S. Representative for
California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...
(2019–2021) * 2009 – Dale Swenson,
Kansas Kansas () is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka, and its largest city is Wichita. Kansas is a landlocked state bordered by Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to the ...
State Representative


2010–2019

*2010 – Steve Fox (politician), Steve Fox, California State Assemblyman *2011 – Wade Hurt (politician), Wade Hurt, Kentucky State Representative *2011 – Patrick Murphy (Florida politician), Patrick Murphy, later served as U.S. Representative from
Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...
(2013–2017) *2012 – Ron Erhardt (politician), Ron Erhardt, Minnesota State Representative *2012 – Gil Riviere, while Hawaii State Representative *2012 – Peter Koo, New York City Councilman *2013 – Jean Schodorf, Kansas State Senator *2013 – Tom O'Halleran, Arizona State Senator, later U.S. Representative from Arizona (2017–2023). *2013 – Brad Ashford, Nebraska State Senator, later U.S. Representative from
Nebraska Nebraska () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Kansas to the south; Colorado to the southwe ...
(2015–2017) *2013 – John Bohlinger, former lieutenant governor of Montana (2005–2013) *2013 – Lawrence E. Meyers, Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Judge. * 2013 – Nathan Fletcher, California State Assemblyman. * 2014 – Aaron Johanson, Hawaii State Representative * 2014 – Ana Rivas Logan, previously a member of the Florida Senate. * 2015 – John Ceretto, New York State Assemblyman * 2015 – Jane Castor, later
Mayor of Tampa The Mayor is the highest elected official in Tampa, Florida. Since its incorporation in 1856, the town has had 59 mayors. Tampa had no mayor from 1862 until 1866, during which time the city government was temporarily suspended during and immediate ...
(2019–present). * 2016 – Bill Mundell, William Mundell, former Arizona Corporation Commissioner * 2017 – Kymberly Pine, Honolulu City Councillor * 2017 – Beth Fukumoto, Hawaii State Representative and Republican Minority Leader. * 2018 – Ken Maddox, former California State Assemblyman. * 2018 – Bob Krist, Nebraska State Senator * 2018 – Richard Painter, Chief White House Ethics Lawyer (2005–2007) * 2018 – Steve Schmidt, political strategist and operations chief for John McCain 2008 presidential campaign, John McCain's 2008 presidential campaign, as well as co-founder of The Lincoln Project. * 2018 – Aundre Bumgardner, former Connecticut State Representative. * 2018 – Meagan Simonaire, Maryland State Delegate * 2018 – Grant Woods, former Arizona Attorney General, attorney general of Arizona (1991–1999) * 2018 – Barbara Bollier, Kansas State Senator * 2018 – Joy Koesten, Kansas State Representative * 2018 – Stephanie Clayton, Kansas State Representative * 2018 – Dinah Sykes, Kansas State Senator * 2019 – Brian Maienschein, while California State Assemblyman * 2019 – Dawn Addiego, New Jersey State Senator * 2019 – Andy McKean, Iowa State Representative * 2019 – Wayne Gilchrest, former U.S. Representative from
Maryland Maryland ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It shares borders with Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to ...
(1991–2009).


2020–present

* 2020 – Frank Aguilar, member of the Cook County Board of Commissioners. Previously served in the
Illinois House of Representatives The Illinois House of Representatives is the lower house of the Illinois General Assembly. The body was created by the first Illinois Constitution adopted in 1818. The House under the current constitution as amended in 1980 consists of 118 re ...
* 2021 – William Marsh (New Hampshire politician), William Marsh, New Hampshire State Representative * 2021 – Joy Hofmeister, Oklahoma Superintendent of Public Instruction * 2022 – Al Davis (Nebraska politician), Al Davis, former Nebraska state legislator (2013-2017) * 2022 – Jim Leach, former U.S. Representative from
Iowa Iowa () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west. It is bordered by six states: Wisconsin to the northeast, Illinois to the ...
(1977–2007) * 2022 – Kevin Priola, Colorado State Senator


Republican to other (third) party

* 1891 – James B. Weaver, James Weaver, Republican turned United States Greenback Party, Greenbacker, later was a founder of the Populist Party (United States), Populist Party and ran for president on that party's ticket in 1892. *1893 – William M. Stewart, U.S. Senator from Nevada (1864–1875 and 1887–1905) switched to the Silver Party *1895 – John Percival Jones, John P. Jones, U.S. Senator from Nevada (1873–1903) switched to Silver Party *1896 – Wharton Barker switched to the Populist Party. *1896 – Lee Mantle, U.S. Senator from Montana (1895–1899) switched to Silver Republican Party. *1896 – Richard F. Pettigrew, U.S. Senator from South Dakota (1889–1901) switched to Silver Republican Party. *1896 – Frank J. Cannon, U.S. Senator from Utah (1896–1899) switched to Silver Republican Party. *1897 – Henry M. Teller, U.S. Senator from Colorado (1876–1882 and 1885–1909) switched to Silver Republican Party *1897 – Fred T. Dubois, U.S. Senator from Idaho (1891–1897 and 1901–1907) switched to Silver Republican Party. * 1934 – Robert M. La Follette Jr., U.S. Senator from Wisconsin (1925–1947) switched to the Progressive Party. * 1937 – Vito Marcantonio, U.S. Representative from
New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...
(1935–1937 and 1939–1951) switched to the Labor Party * 2000 – Rick Jore, Montana State Representative to Constitution Party (United States), U.S. Constitution Party. * 2012 – Gary Johnson, former governor of New Mexico (1995–2003), switched to the
Libertarian Party Active parties by country Defunct parties by country Organizations associated with Libertarian parties See also * Liberal parties by country * List of libertarian organizations * Lists of political parties Lists of political part ...
and became their nominee for
President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United Stat ...
in both the 2012 United States presidential election, 2012 election and 2016 election. * 2012 –
Buddy Roemer Charles Elson "Buddy" Roemer III (October 4, 1943 – May 17, 2021) was an American politician, investor, and banker who served as the 52nd Governor of Louisiana from 1988 to 1992, and as a member of the United States House of Representatives fr ...
, former List of Governors of Louisiana, governor of Louisiana (1988–1992), switched to the Reform Party of the United States of America, Reform Party. * 2012 – Daniel P. Gordon, Rhode Island State Representative joined the Libertarian Party. * 2016 – William Weld, former
governor of Massachusetts The governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the chief executive officer of the government of Massachusetts. The governor is the head of the state cabinet and the commander-in-chief of the commonwealth's military forces. Massachusetts ...
(1991–1997), switched to the
Libertarian Party Active parties by country Defunct parties by country Organizations associated with Libertarian parties See also * Liberal parties by country * List of libertarian organizations * Lists of political parties Lists of political part ...
* 2016 – John Moore (Nevada politician), John Moore, Nevada Assemblyman switched to
Libertarian Party Active parties by country Defunct parties by country Organizations associated with Libertarian parties See also * Liberal parties by country * List of libertarian organizations * Lists of political parties Lists of political part ...
* 2016 – Laura Ebke, Nebraska State Senator, switched to the
Libertarian Party Active parties by country Defunct parties by country Organizations associated with Libertarian parties See also * Liberal parties by country * List of libertarian organizations * Lists of political parties Lists of political part ...
.Szalewski, Susan.
"Responding to Ricketts' 'platform Republicans' comment, 13 Nebraska lawmakers call for nonpartisanship".''Omaha World-Herald''.
June 1, 2016. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
* 2016 – Mary Matalin, deputy campaign manager for George H. W. Bush's 1912 United States presidential election, 1992 presidential campaign, switched to
Libertarian Party Active parties by country Defunct parties by country Organizations associated with Libertarian parties See also * Liberal parties by country * List of libertarian organizations * Lists of political parties Lists of political part ...
* 2016 – Mark B. Madsen, Utah State Senator, switched to the
Libertarian Party Active parties by country Defunct parties by country Organizations associated with Libertarian parties See also * Liberal parties by country * List of libertarian organizations * Lists of political parties Lists of political part ...
. * 2017 – Caleb Dyer, New Hampshire State Representative switched to the
Libertarian Party Active parties by country Defunct parties by country Organizations associated with Libertarian parties See also * Liberal parties by country * List of libertarian organizations * Lists of political parties Lists of political part ...
* 2017 – Brandon Phinney, New Hampshire State Representative switched to the
Libertarian Party Active parties by country Defunct parties by country Organizations associated with Libertarian parties See also * Liberal parties by country * List of libertarian organizations * Lists of political parties Lists of political part ...
* 2018 – Sam McCann, Illinois State Senator switched to the Conservative Party. * 2018 – Aubrey Dunn Jr., New Mexico Commissioner of Public Lands switched to the
Libertarian Party Active parties by country Defunct parties by country Organizations associated with Libertarian parties See also * Liberal parties by country * List of libertarian organizations * Lists of political parties Lists of political part ...
. * 2019–20 – Justin Amash, Former US Congressman from Michigan, became Independent in July 2019, then affiliated with the
Libertarian Party Active parties by country Defunct parties by country Organizations associated with Libertarian parties See also * Liberal parties by country * List of libertarian organizations * Lists of political parties Lists of political part ...
in April 2020


Republican to independent

* 1936 – George William Norris, U.S. Senator from
Nebraska Nebraska () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Kansas to the south; Colorado to the southwe ...
(1913–1943) * 1980 – John Bayard Anderson, John Anderson, U.S. Representative from
Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolita ...
(1961–1981). * 1990 – Lowell P. Weicker Jr., former U.S. Senator for
Connecticut Connecticut () is the southernmost state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its cap ...
(1971–1989). Later Independent Governor of Connecticut (1991–1995) * 2001 – Jim Jeffords, James M. Jeffords, U.S. senator from Vermont (1989–2007). * 2005 – David Durenberger, former U.S. Senator from Minnesota (1979–1995). * 2007 – Rick Singleton, Rhode Island House of Representatives, Rhode Island State Representative * 2007 – Micheal R. Williams, Tennessee State Senator * 2008 – Ron Erhardt (politician), Ron Erhardt, Minnesota State Representative. * 2009 – Jim Campbell, Maine State Representative * 2014 – Larry Pressler, former U.S. Senator from South Dakota (1979–1997) * 2014 – Sue Wagner, former lieutenant governor of Nevada (1991–1995) * 2014 – Bill Walker (American politician), Bill Walker, later Independent Governor of Alaska (2014–2018) * 2015 – Nate Bell, Arkansas State Representative. * 2016 – Tom Campbell (California politician), Tom Campbell, former U.S. Representative from California (1989–2001). * 2016 – Larry Dunphy, Maine State Representative * 2016 – Gordon J. Humphrey, former U.S. Senator from New Hampshire (1979–1990) * 2016 – David Johnson (Iowa politician), David Johnson, Iowa State Senator * 2016 – Evan McMullin, Republican congressional staff member until July 2016, launched Evan McMullin 2016 presidential campaign, an independent presidential campaign in August 2016 * 2016 – George Will * 2017 – Joe Scarborough, former U.S. Representative from Florida (1995–2001) and host of ''Morning Joe'' * 2017 – Rick Wilson (political consultant), Rick Wilson, political strategist and operations chief for Evan McMullin 2016 presidential campaign, as well as co-founder of The Lincoln Project. * 2017 – Kevin Battle, Maine State Representative * 2017 – Norm Higgins, Maine State Representative * 2018 – Charles Djou, former U.S. Representative from Hawaii (2010–2011) * 2018 – John Doll (Kansas politician), John Doll, Kansas State Senator * 2018 – Steve Poizner, former California Insurance Commissioner (2007–2011) * 2018 – Tani Cantil-Sakauye, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of California, California Supreme Court (2011–present) * 2018 – David Jolly, former U.S. Congressman from Florida * 2020 – Joe Walsh (American politician), Joe Walsh, former U.S. Congressman from Illinois * 2020 – Paul Mitchell (politician), Paul Mitchell, former U.S. Congressman from Michigan * 2021 – Knute Buehler, former Oregon State Senator and Oregon gubernatorial nominee in 2018 Oregon gubernatorial election, 2018 * 2021 – Phelps Anderson, New Mexico State Representative * 2021 – Arnold Palacios, Lieutenant Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands * 2021 – Joe Camacho, Northern Mariana Islands State Representative *2021 – Jim Hendren, Arkansas State Senator * 2022 – Denver Riggleman, former U.S. Representative from Virginia (2019–2021) * 2022 – Dennis Pyle, Kansas State Senator


Switches by independents or other parties


Independent or other party to Democratic

*1955 – Wayne Morse, U.S. Senator from Oregon (1945–1969), changed from an Independent to a Democrat on February 17, 1955 *1996 – Walt Minnick, later Congressman from Idaho's 1st congressional district (2009–2011) * 2002 – Joe Bertram (Hawaii politician), Joe Bertram, switched from the Green Party. * 2004 – Peter Clavelle, while Mayor of Burlington left the Vermont Progressive Party. * 2004 –
Kyrsten Sinema Kyrsten Lea Sinema (; born July 12, 1976) is an American politician and former social worker serving as the senior United States senator from Arizona since January 2019. A former member of the Democratic Party, Sinema became an independent in ...
, left the Green Party. Later U.S. Representative from Arizona (2013–2019) and U.S. Senator from Arizona (2019–present). * 2006 – David Segal (politician), David Segal, initially elected as a Green to the Providence City Council, he joined the Democratic Party to run for the Rhode Island House of Representatives, where he served from 2007 to 2011. * 2009 – Richard Carroll (politician), Richard Carroll, Arkansas House of Representatives, Arkansas Representative. At the time of his switch, he was the only
Green Party A green party is a formally organized political party based on the principles of green politics, such as social justice, environmentalism and nonviolence. Greens believe that these issues are inherently related to one another as a foundation ...
state legislator in the United States. * 2015 – Ben Chipman, Maine State Representative.


Independent or other party to Republican

*1941 – Henrik Shipstead, while U.S. Senator from
Minnesota Minnesota () is a state in the upper midwestern region of the United States. It is the 12th largest U.S. state in area and the 22nd most populous, with over 5.75 million residents. Minnesota is home to western prairies, now given over to ...
, switched from the Farmer-Labor Party to the Republican Party. * 2011 – Joel Robideaux, while a Louisiana State Representative. He was initially elected as an independent. *2016 – Blake Filippi, Rhode Island State Representative, switched from Independent to Republican; he had also been Republican previously until 2012. *2022 – Malinda White, while a Louisiana State Representative, switched from Independent to Republican; she had been a Democrat until 2021.


Multiple party switches


Democratic to Republican to Democratic

* 1854 – Francis Preston Blair, a supporter of presidents Andrew Jackson and Abraham Lincoln who became disillusioned with radical Reconstruction policies. * 1854 – Francis Preston Blair Jr., Democratic nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1868. His family had been unwavering supporters of Republican Abraham Lincoln, but he opposed the post-war Reconstruction policy. He had earlier been a friend of Democrat Thomas Hart Benton, and like his father he had also been a member of the Free Soil Party. * 1854 – Montgomery Blair, United States Postmaster General, Postmaster General for President Lincoln. His family left the Democratic Party to join the Republican Party, but he re-joined the Democratic Party after the war. * 1965 – Arlen Specter, U.S. Senator from
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...
(1981–2011). He was a Republican from 1965 to 2009 and a Democrat from 1951 to 1965 and 2009 to 2012. * 2003 – Tommy Dickerson, Mississippi State Senator. * 2003 – Johnny Ford, Alabama State Representative. * 2008 – Jim Bradford (politician), Jim Bradford, South Dakota State Representative. * 2009 – Parker Griffith, former U.S. Representative from Alabama (2009–2011). Joined the Republican Party in 2009, but returned to the Democratic Party in 2014. * 2012 – Artur Davis, former U.S. Representative from
Alabama (We dare defend our rights) , anthem = "Alabama (state song), Alabama" , image_map = Alabama in United States.svg , seat = Montgomery, Alabama, Montgomery , LargestCity = Huntsville, Alabama, Huntsville , LargestCounty = Baldwin County, Al ...
(2003–2011). Joined the Republican Party in 2012, but returned to the Democratic Party in 2015. * 2015 – Joe Baca, former U.S. Representative from
California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...
(1999–2013). Joined the Republican Party in 2015, but returned to the Democratic Party in 2018.


Republican to Democratic to Republican

* 1960 – Jerry Solomon, later U.S. Representative from New York (1979–1999) * 1974 – Matthew G. Martinez, U.S. Representative from California (1982–2001) * 1992 – Evan Jenkins (politician), Evan Jenkins, West Virginia State Delegate. Later U.S. Representative for
West Virginia West Virginia is a state in the Appalachian, Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States.The Census Bureau and the Association of American Geographers classify West Virginia as part of the Southern United States while the Bur ...
(2015–2019) * 1997 – Betsy McCaughey, Lieutenant Governor of New York (1995–1998) * 2001 –
Robert R. Neall Robert R. Neall (born June 26, 1948) is an American politician and United States Republican Party, Republican in Maryland who has served as state health secretary, state senator, state delegate and Anne Arundel County, Maryland#County Executives, ...
, Maryland State Senator. * 2017 – Jim Justice, Governor of West Virginia (2017–present). *2018 – Daniel Boman, Alabama State Representative.


Other variations

* 1890 – Thomas E. Watson switched to the Populist Party (United States), Populist Party. Later U.S. Senator for
Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...
as a Democrat (1921–1922). * 1908 – Theodore A. Bell, former U.S. Representative from
California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...
(1903–1905). He ran in several elections under different party's banners. * 1913 – Miles Poindexter, U.S. Senator from Washington (1911–1923) switched to the Progressive Party (United States, 1912), Progressive Party until rejoining the Republican Party two years later. * 1936 – Henry A. Wallace,
United States Secretary of Agriculture The United States secretary of agriculture is the head of the United States Department of Agriculture. The position carries similar responsibilities to those of agriculture ministers in other governments. The department includes several organi ...
(1933–1940),
Vice President of the United States The vice president of the United States (VPOTUS) is the second-highest officer in the executive branch of the U.S. federal government, after the president of the United States, and ranks first in the presidential line of succession. The vice ...
(1941–1945),
United States Secretary of Commerce The United States secretary of commerce (SecCom) is the head of the United States Department of Commerce. The secretary serves as the principal advisor to the president of the United States on all matters relating to commerce. The secretary rep ...
(1945–1946). He was a Republican, then a Democrat (1932-1947), then a Progressive (1947-1953) *1974 – D. French Slaughter Jr., while serving in the Virginia House of Delegates became an independent. Later elected to Congress as a Republican (1985–1991). *1976 – Harold L. Silverman, elected as a Republican to the Maine House of Representatives (1973–1976), resigned to become a staffer to independent Governor James B. Longley, elected as an independent to the Maine Senate (1979–1980), Democratic nominee for Maine's 2nd congressional district in 1980. * 1988 – Ron Paul, former U.S. Representative (1976–1977 and 1979–1985), ran for president as a Libertarian. He later returned to Congress as a Republican (1997–2012). * 1990 – Walter Hickel, former United States Secretary of the Interior (1969–1970) left Republican Party before his successful bid for Governor of Alaska (1966–1969 and 1990–1994), as nominee of the Alaskan Independence Party. He rejoined the Republican party in 1994. * 1994 – Wes Watkins, Democratic U.S Congressman from
Oklahoma Oklahoma (; Choctaw language, Choctaw: ; chr, ᎣᎧᎳᎰᎹ, ''Okalahoma'' ) is a U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States, bordered by Texas on the south and west, Kansas on the nor ...
(1977–1991), Democratic (1990) & Independent (1994) candidate for Governor of Oklahoma and Republican U.S. Congressman from
Oklahoma Oklahoma (; Choctaw language, Choctaw: ; chr, ᎣᎧᎳᎰᎹ, ''Okalahoma'' ) is a U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States, bordered by Texas on the south and west, Kansas on the nor ...
(1997–2003) * 1999 – Bob Smith (New Hampshire politician), Bob Smith, U.S. Senator from New Hampshire (1990–2003), left the Republican Party on July 13, 1999, while running for the party's presidential nomination; became an independent and declared himself a candidate for the Constitution Party (United States), U.S. Taxpayers Party presidential nomination and an independent candidate. On November 1, 1999, he returned to the Republican Party when a Senate committee chairmanship became open. * 1999 –
Donald Trump Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who served as the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021. Trump graduated from the Wharton School of the University of Pe ...
, businessman and real-estate developer, later 45th President of the United States has been at various times a Republican, Democratic, Independent, and Reform Party member. * 1999 – Joel Giambra, city comptroller of Buffalo, New York (1990–1999), County Executive of Erie County, New York (2000–2007). He joined the Republican Party in 1999. In 2018, he joined the Reform Party of New York State to run for governor. * 2000 – Virgil Goode, former U.S. Representative from
Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth ar ...
(1997–2009). Initially a Democrat, he sat as an Independent and later a Republican during his time in Congress. After Congress, he switched to the Constitution Party (United States), Constitution Party and became their nominee for
President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United Stat ...
in the 2012 United States presidential election, 2012 election. * 2001 – Michael Bloomberg, was a Democratic before running for
Mayor of New York City The mayor of New York City, officially Mayor of the City of New York, is head of the executive branch of the government of New York City and the chief executive of New York City. The mayor's office administers all city services, public property ...
as a Republican. He later became an independent before rejoining the Democratic Party in 2018. * 2002 – Sheila Kiscaden, while a Minnesota state senator. She joined and won reelection as the
Independence Party of Minnesota The Independence Party of Minnesota (often abbreviated IPM, MNIP or IP), formerly the Reform Party of Minnesota, is a political party in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It was the party of former Minnesota governor Jesse Ventura (1999–2003). ...
candidate before accepting an invitation to join the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party in 2006. * 2008 – Mike Gravel, former U.S. Senator from Alaska (1969–1981) and 2008 presidential candidate switched from Democrat to Libertarian before returning to the Democratic Party in 2010. * 2009 – Jared Kushner, former Senior Advisor to the President (2017–2021) and Director of the Office of American Innovation (2017–2021), has been at various times a Democrat, Independent, and Republican. * 2012 – Charlie Crist, former Republican governor of Florida (2007–2011) and United States Senate election in Florida, 2010, Independent senatorial candidate in 2010, switched to Democrat, then elected as Democratic US Congressman (2017-2022). * 2017 – Tom Tancredo, former U.S. Representative from
Colorado Colorado (, other variants) is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains, as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of t ...
(1999–2009), switched to the Constitution Party (United States), Constitution Party to run for Colorado gubernatorial election, 2010, Governor of Colorado, returned to Republican Party in 2011, became an Independent in 2015, returned to the Republican Party again in 2017 * 2019 – Lincoln Chafee, former Independent and Democratic Governor of Rhode Island (2011–2015), former Republican U.S. Senator for
Rhode Island Rhode Island (, like ''road'') is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is the List of U.S. states by area, smallest U.S. state by area and the List of states and territories of the United States ...
(1999–2007), switched from Republican to Independent in 2007, switched from Independent to Democrat in 2013 while serving as Governor of Rhode Island, Lincoln Chafee 2016 presidential campaign, ran for President in the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries, switched to
Libertarian Party Active parties by country Defunct parties by country Organizations associated with Libertarian parties See also * Liberal parties by country * List of libertarian organizations * Lists of political parties Lists of political part ...
in 2019 * 2021 – Colin Powell, former
United States Secretary of State The United States secretary of state is a member of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States and the head of the U.S. Department of State. The office holder is one of the highest ranking members of the president's Ca ...
under George W. Bush (2001–2005), former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff under George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton (1989–1993), former National Security Advisor under
Ronald Reagan Ronald Wilson Reagan ( ; February 6, 1911June 5, 2004) was an American politician, actor, and union leader who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989. He also served as the 33rd governor of California from 1967 ...
(1986–1989) switched from Independent to Republican in 1995. After 2021 storming of the United States Capitol, supporters of President Donald Trump stormed the U.S. Capitol in January 2021, Powell said that he could no longer call himself a fellow Republican. He switched back to Independent.


Within other parties

* 2000 – Jesse Ventura, while governor of Minnesota, left the Reform Party USA, Reform Party, along with most of his supporters, to re-found the
Independence Party of Minnesota The Independence Party of Minnesota (often abbreviated IPM, MNIP or IP), formerly the Reform Party of Minnesota, is a political party in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It was the party of former Minnesota governor Jesse Ventura (1999–2003). ...
.


See also

*List of American politicians who switched parties in office *List of United States representatives who switched parties *List of United States senators who switched parties


References

{{reflist United States politics-related lists, Party switchers