The non-marine

molluscs Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estim ...

of the country of

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...

are a part of the molluscan fauna of Georgia. ;Summary table of number of species Georgia lies in the

Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia (country), Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range ...

ecoregion, that is a

biodiversity hotspot A biodiversity hotspot is a biogeographic region with significant levels of biodiversity that is threatened by human habitation. Norman Myers wrote about the concept in two articles in ''The Environmentalist'' in 1988 and 1990, after which the c ...

. Georgia has majority of Caucasian

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found else ...

species of gastropods.

Freshwater gastropods

Lymnaeidae Lymnaeidae, common name the pond snails, is a taxonomic family of small to large air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks, that belong to the clade Hygrophila. Lymnaeidae is the only family within the superf ...

* ''

Lymnaea stagnalis ''Lymnaea stagnalis'', better known as the great pond snail, is a species of large air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Lymnaeidae. The great pond snail is a model organism to study parasitology, ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758)Ani Bikashvili, Nino Kachlishvili, Levan Mumladze (2021). "Species diversity and distribution of freshwater molluscs of Javakheti Highlands (Republic of Georgia)".

Biodiversity Data Journal Biodiversity or biological diversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is a measure of variation at the genetic ('' genetic variability''), species (''species diversity''), and ecosystem ('' ecosystem diversity'') ...

9: e66649. * ''

Galba truncatula ''Galba truncatula'' is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Lymnaeidae, the pond snails.Neubauer, Thomas A. (2014). Galba (Galba) truncatula (Müller, 1774). Accessed through: World R ...

'' (O. F. Müller, 1774) * '' Stagnicola palustris'' (O. F. Müller, 1774) * ''

Ampullaceana lagotis ''Ampullaceana lagotis'' is a species of freshwater gastropods belonging to the family Lymnaeidae Lymnaeidae, common name the pond snails, is a taxonomic family of small to large air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastrop ...

'' (Schrank, 1803) * '' Radix auricularia'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''

Peregriana peregra ''Peregriana peregra'' is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod in the family Lymnaeidae, the pond snails. Distribution and habitat This small pond snail is found in Europe, Newfoundland and northern Asia. ...

'' (O. F. Müller, 1774)

Physidae Physidae, common name the bladder snails, is a monophyletic taxonomic family of small air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Lymnaeoidea .MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Physida ...

* '' Aplexa hypnorum'' (Linnaeus, 1758)

Planorbidae Planorbidae, common name the ramshorn snails or ram's horn snails, is a family of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod molluscs. Unlike most molluscs, the blood of ram's horn snails contains iron-based hemoglobin instea ...

* '' Planorbis planorbis'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * '' Planorbis intermixtus'' Mousson, 1874 * ''

Armiger crista ''Gyraulus crista'', commonly called the Nautilus ramshorn, is a minute species of freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. Subspecies Subspecies include: * ''Gyraulus crista cri ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''

Anisus leucostoma ''Anisus leucostoma'' is a European species of small air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails and their allies. Taxonomy Glöer (2002) Glöer P. (2002). ''Die Süßwasserga ...

'' (Millet, 1813) * ''

Anisus spirorbis ''Anisus spirorbis'' is a species of small freshwater air-breathing snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Anisus spirorbis (Linnaeus, 1758). Access ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''

Bathyomphalus contortus ''Bathyomphalus contortus'' is a species of small air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails and their allies. Distribution The distribution of this species is Pa ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * '' Ancylus major'' Issel, 1865 * '' Ancylus benoitianus'' Bourguignat, 1862

Land gastropods

Species of land gastropods of Georgia include:

Cyclophoridae Cyclophoridae is a taxonomic family of small to large tropical land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the order Architaenioglossa belonging to the subclass Caenogastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropo ...

* '' Caspicyclotus sieversi'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1871)

Diplommatinidae Diplommatinidae is a family of small land snails, also known as staircase snails, with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cyclophoroidea. The Cochlostomatinae Kobelt, 1902, were previously considered a subfamily o ...

* '' Toffoletia lederi'' (O. Boettger, 1881)

Aciculidae The Aciculidae are a family of minute land snails which have opercula (an operculum is a little door that closes the shell when the animal retracts into it). In other words, Aciculidae are terrestrial operculate gastropods. Even though Acicul ...

* '' Acicula limbata'' Reuss, 1860"Caucasian Land Snails"
. accessed May 2, 2014. * '' Acicula moussoni'' O. Boettger, 1879 Cochlostomatidae * '' Cochlostoma lederi'' (O. Boettger, 1881)

Pomatiidae The family Pomatiidae is a taxonomic family of small operculate land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks that can be found over the warmer parts of the Old World. In the older literature, this family is designated as Pomatiasidae. This famil ...

* '' Pomatias rivularis'' (Eichwald, 1829)

Ellobiidae Ellobiidae, common name the hollow-shelled snails, is a family of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata.Bouchet, P. (2012). Ellobiidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Spe ...

* ''

Carychium minimum ''Carychium minimum'' is a species of very small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Ellobiidae. Description The width of the shell is 0.9-1.1 mm. The height of the shell is 1.6-2.2 mm. It ...

'' O. F. Müller, 1774 * '' Carychium schlickumi'' Strauch, 1977 * ''

Carychium tridentatum ''Carychium tridentatum'' is a species of minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Ellobiidae. Description The shell is 1.8-2.3 mm high x 0.8-0.9mm. wide. The shell is more slender than th ...

'' (Risso, 1826) Succineidae * '' Oxyloma elegans'' (Risso, 1826) * ''

Succinea putris ''Succinea putris'' is a species of small air-breathing land snail in the family Succineidae, the amber snails. Description The 10-17 (27) x 6-8 mm has 3-4 whorls. These are relatively flat and with shallow sutures. The body whorl is ma ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * '' Succinella oblonga'' (Draparnaud, 1801)

Cochlicopidae Cochlicopidae is a taxonomic family of small, air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cochlicopoidea. Anatomy In this family, the number of haploid chromosome A chromosome is a long DN ...

* '' Cochlicopa lubrica'' (O. F. Müller, 1774) * '' Cochlicopa lubricella'' (Rossmässler, 1834)

Orculidae Orculidae is a family of mostly minute, air-breathing, land snails; terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea Pupilloidea is a superfamily of small and very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastr ...

* '' Pilorcula aspinosa'' Hausdorf, 1996 * '' Pilorcula pusilla'' Hausdorf, 1996 * '' Schileykula batumensis'' (Retowski, 1889)

Pupillidae Pupillidae is a family of mostly minute, air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Pupillidae W. Turton, 1831. Accessed through: ...

* '' Gibbulinopsis interrupta'' (Reinhardt in Martens, 1876) or '' Pupilla interrupta'' (Reinhardt in Martens, 1876) * '' Pupilla signata'' (Mousson, 1873) * '' Pupilla inops'' (Reinhardt, 1877) * ''

Pupilla muscorum ''Pupilla muscorum'', commonly known as the Moss Chrysalis snail or widespread column, is a species of minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Pupillidae. Taxonomy A variety ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * '' Pupilla triplicata'' (Studer, 1820) Chondrinidae * '' Chondrina arcadica'' (Reinhardt, 1881) * ''

Granopupa granum ''Granopupa granum'' is a species of air-breathing land snails in the family Chondrinidae. The species is found in Western Europe and Mediterranean The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediter ...

'' (Draparnaud, 1801) Lauriidae * '' Euxinolauria caucasica'' (L. pfeiffer, 1857) * '' Euxinolauria glomerosa'' Suvorov & Schileyko, 1991 * '' Euxinolauria honesta'' Suvorov & Schileyko, 1991 * '' Euxinolauria nemethi'' (Hausdorf, 1996) * '' Euxinolauria paulinae'' (Lindholm, 1913) * '' Euxinolauria pulchra'' (Retowski, 1883) * '' Euxinolauria rectidentata'' Schileyko, 1975 * '' Euxinolauria silicea'' Schileyko, 1975 * '' Euxinolauria sinangula'' Schileyko, 1975 * '' Euxinolauria superstructa'' (Mousson, 1876) * '' Euxinolauria tenuimarginata'' (Pilsbry, 1922) * '' Euxinolauria zonifera'' (Pilsbry, 1934)

Vertiginidae Vertiginidae, common name the whorl snails, is a family of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs or micromollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea. Distribution The distribution of the Vertiginidae is in the ...

* '' Vertigo sieversi'' (O. Boettger, 1879) Enidae * '' Adzharia renschi'' Hesse, 1933 * '' Akramowskiella andronakii'' (Lindholm, 1913) * '' Akramowskiella umbrosa'' (Kobelt, 1902) * '' Andronakia catenulata'' (Lindholm, 1914) * '' Caucasicola raddei'' (Kobelt, 1880) / '' Ena raddei'' (Kobelt, 1880) * '' Chondrula sunzhica'' Steklov, 1962 * '' Clausilioides filifer'' (Lindholm, 1913) * '' Euchondrus acutior'' (Lindholm, 1922) * '' Georginapaeus hohenackeri'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1848) * '' Imparietula brevior'' (Mousson, 1876) * '' Improvisa pupoides'' (Krynicki, 1833) * '' Ljudmilena sieversi'' (Mousson, 1873) * '' Ljudmilena tricolis'' (Mousson, 1876) * '' Peristoma boettgeri'' (Clessin, 1883) * '' Peristoma lanceum'' Schileyko, 1984 * '' Pseudochondrula lederi'' (O. Boettger, 1883) * '' Pseudochondrula sinistrosa'' Kokotschashvili & Schileyko, 1984 * '' Pseudochondrula tetrodon'' (Mortillet, 1854) * '' Pseudochondrula tuberifera'' (O. Boettger, 1879) * '' Retowskia schlaeflii'' (Mousson, 1863)

Clausiliidae Clausiliidae, also known by their common name the door snails, are a taxonomic family of small, very elongate, mostly left-handed, air-breathing land snails, sinistral terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). Mollusca ...

* '' Acrotoma baryshnikovi'' Likharev & Schileyko, 2007 * '' Acrotoma claussi'' Nordsieck, 1977 * '' Acrotoma gegica'' Suvorov, 2002 * '' Acrotoma juliae'' Suvorov, 2002 * '' Acrotoma komarowi'' (O. Boettger, 1881) * '' Acrotoma laccata'' (O. Boettger, 1881) * '' Armenica gracillima'' (Retowski, 1889) * '' Armenica griseofusca'' (Mousson, 1676) * '' Armenica unicristata'' (O. Boettger, 1877) * '' Caspiophaedusa perlucens'' (O. Boettger, 1877) * '' Elia derasa'' (Mousson, 1863) * '' Elia ossetica'' (Mousson, 1863) * '' Elia somchetica'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1846) * '' Elia tuschetica'' Likharev et Lezhawa, 1961 * '' Euxinastra hamata'' (O. Boettger, 1888) * '' Filosa filosa'' (Mousson, 1863) * '' Kazancia lindholm'' (Kobelt in Lindholm, 1912) * '' Mentissoidea rupicola'' (Mortillet, 1854) * '' Micropontica closta'' (O. Boettger, 1881) * '' Mucronaria acuminata'' (Mousson, 1876) * '' Mucronaria duboisi'' (Chrapentier, 1852) * '' Mucronaria index'' (Mousson, 1863) * '' Mucronaria pleuroptychia'' (O. Boettger, 1878) * '' Mucronaria strauchi'' (O. Boettger, 1878) * '' Pontophaedusa funiculum'' (Mousson, 1856)Páll-Gergely B. & Németh L. (2008)
"Observations on the breeding habits, shell development, decollation, and reproductive anatomy of ''Pontophaedusa funiculum'' (Mousson 1856) (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Clausiliidae, Phaedusinae)"
''

Malacologica Bohemoslovaca ''Malacologica Bohemoslovaca'' is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering all aspects of malacology. It was published by the Slovak Academy of Sciences since 2005. It is published by the Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of ...

'' 7: 11-14. Online serial at 8-February-2008. * '' Pravispira semilamellata'' (Mousson, 1863) * '' Quadriplicata aggesta'' (O. Boettger, 1879) * '' Quadriplicata dipolauchen'' (O. Boettger, 1881) * '' Quadriplicata lederi'' (O. Boettger, 1879) * '' Quadriplicata pumiliformis'' (O. Boettger, 1881) * '' Quadriplicata quadriplicata'' (A. Schmidt, 1868) * '' Quadriplicata subaggesta'' (Retowski, 1887) * '' Scrobifera taurica'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1848) * '' Serrulina sieversi'' Likharev, 1962 * '' Serrulinella senghanensis'' (Germain, 1933) * '' Strigileuxina lindholmi'' (Lindholm, 1912) * '' Strigileuxina reuleauxi'' (O. Boettger, 1887) Spiraxidae * '' Poiretia mingrelica'' (O. Boettger, 1881)

Oxychilidae Oxychilidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Gastrodontoidea. Distribution The distribution of Oxychilidae includes the Nearctic, western- Palearctic, eastern-P ...

* '' Conulopolita cavatica'' (Riedel, 1966) * '' Conulopolita raddei'' (O. Boettger, 1879) * '' Conulopolita sieversi'' (O. Boettgeri, 1879) * '' Discoxychilus lindholmi'' Reidel, 1966 * '' Oxychilus andronakii'' (Lindholm, 1914) * '' Oxychilus birsteini'' Tzvetkov, 1940 * '' Oxychilus crenimargo'' (Retowskii, 1889) * '' Oxychilus decipiens'' (O. Boettger, 1886) * '' Oxychilus difficilis'' (O. Boettger, 1888) * '' Oxychilus discrepans'' (Retowski, 1889) * '' Oxychilus duboisi'' (Charpentier in Mousson, 1863) * '' Oxychilus imperator'' Reidel, 1966 * '' Oxychilus Koutaisanus'' (Mousson, 1863) * '' Oxychilus lederi'' (O. Boettger, 1880) * '' Oxychilus oschtenicus'' (O. Boettger, 1888) * '' Oxychilus retowskii'' (Lindholm, 1914) * '' Oxychilus suaneticus'' (O. Boettgeri, 1883) * '' Oxychilus sucinaceus'' (O. Boettger, 1883) * '' Daudebardia nivea'' Schileyko, 1988 * '' Inguria wagneri'' (Rosen, 1911) * '' Sieversia heydeni'' (O. Boettger, 1879) * '' Szuchumiella jetschini'' (A. Wagner, 1895) * '' Vitrinoxychilus subsuturalis'' (O. Boettger, 1888) * '' Vitrinoxychilus suturalis'' (O. Boettger, 1881) Pristilomatidae * '' Vitrea contortula'' (Krynicki, 1837) * '' Vitrea praetermissa'' Reidel, 1988 * '' Vitrea rhododendronis'' Reidel, 1966 * '' Vitrea sorella'' (Mousson, 1863) Vitrinidae * '' Trochovitrina lederi'' (O. Boettger, 1879) Trigonochlamydidae * '' Drilolestes retowskii'' (O. Boettger, 1884) * '' Hyrcanolestes velitaris'' (Martens, 1880) * '' Lesticulus nocturnus'' Schileyko, 1988 - endemic * '' Selenochlamys pallida'' O. Boettger, 1883 * '' Trigonochlamys imitatrix'' O. Boettger, 1881Kantor Yu I., Vinarski M. V., Schileyko A. A. & Sysoev A. V.(published online on December 22, 2009). "Catalogue of the continental mollusks of Russia and adjacent territories"
Version 2.3.
/ref> Boettgerillidae * ''

Boettgerilla compressa ''Boettgerilla compressa'' is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Boettgerillidae. ''Boettgerilla compressa'' is the type species of the genus ''Boettgerilla''. Wiktor A. (1989). ''Lima ...

'' Simroth, 1910 * ''

Boettgerilla pallens ''Boettgerilla pallens'', common name the worm slug, is a European species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Boettgerillidae. Distribution The type locality of ''Boettgerilla pallens'' is Gu ...

'' Simroth, 1912

Milacidae Milacidae is a family of air-breathing, keeled, land slugs. These are shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Parmacelloidea. This family has no subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocro ...

* ''

Milax caucasicus ''Milax caucasicus'' is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Milacidae. Distribution The species occurs in Caucasus: List of non-marine molluscs of Georgia (country ...

'' Simroth, 1912

Agriolimacidae ''Agriolimacidae'' is a family of small and medium-sized land slugs, or shell-less snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks. Distribution Distribution of Limacidae is Holarctic, this include: Nearctic, western Palearctic and eastern Pal ...

* '' Deroceras bakurianum'' * '' Deroceras osseticum'' (Simroth, 1901) Limacidae * '' Caucasolimax caucasicus'' (Simroth, 1898) * '' Eumilax brandti'' (Martens, 1880) * '' Eumilax intermittens'' (O. Boettger, 1883) * '' Gigantomilax koenigi'' (Simroth, 1912) * '' Gigantomilax lederi'' (O. Boettger, 1883) * '' Gigantomilax monticola'' (O. Boettger, 1881) * '' Metalimax elegans'' Simroth, 1901 * '' Metalimax varius'' (O. Boettger, 1884) Hygromiidae * '' Caucasigena abchasica'' (Lindholm, 1927) * '' Caucasigena armeniaca'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1846) * '' Caucasigena eichwaldi'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1846) * '' Caucasigena rengarteni'' Lindholm, 1913 * '' Caucasigena schaposchnikovi'' Rosen, 1911 * '' Caucasigena thalestris'' (Lindholm, 1927) * '' Caucasocressa dasilepida'' (Mabille, 1881) * '' Caucasocressa ibera'' Hausdorf, 2003 * '' Caucasocressa joannis'' (Mortillet, 1854) * '' Circassina frutis'' (L. pfeiffer, 1859) - ''Circassina frutis frutis'', ''Circassina frutis circassica'' and ''Circassina frutis veselyi'' (subgenus '' Circassina'') * '' Circassina pachnodes'' (O. Boettger, 1884) * '' Circassina pergranulata'' Hausdorf, 2001 * '' Circassina stephaniae'' (Hudec & Lezhawa, 1970) * '' Euomphalia appeliana'' (Mousson, 1876) * '' Euomphalia aristata'' (Krynicki, 1836) * '' Fruticocampylaea kobiensis'' (O. Boettger, 1883) * '' Fruticocampylaea narzanensis'' (Krynicki, 1836) * '' Kalitinaia crenimargo'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1848) * '' Kalitinaia perspectiva'' Hausdorf, 1993 * '' Kalitinaia tiflisiana'' (Lindholm, 1913) * '' Kokotschashvilia eberhardi'' Schileyko, 1978 * '' Kokotschashvilia holotricha'' (O. Boettger, 1884) * '' Kokotschashvilia makvalae'' (Hudec & Lezhawa, 1969) * '' Kokotschashvilia tanta'' Schileyko, 1978 * '' ''Monacha'' (''Monacha'') ''cartusiana'''' (O. F. Muller, 1774) - introducedHausdorf B. (2000). "The genus ''Monacha'' in the

Western Caucasus The Western Caucasus is a western region of the Caucasus in Southern Russia, extending from the Black Sea to Mount Elbrus. World Heritage Site The Western Caucasus includes a natural UNESCO World Heritage Site comprising the extreme western e ...

(Gastropoda: Hygromiidae)". '' Journal of Natural History'' 34(8): 1575-1594
PDF

abstract
/ref> * '' ''Monacha'' (''Paratheba'') ''roseni'''' (Hesse, 1914) * ''Monacha'' (''Metatheba'') ''perfrequens'' (Hesse, 1914) * ''Monacha'' (''Metatheba'') ''subcarthusiana'' (Lindholm, 1913) * '' Oscarboettgeria euages'' (O. Boettger, 1883) * '' Platytheba mingrelica'' (Hesse, 1921) * '' Platytheba prometheus'' (O. Boettger, 1883) * '' Shileykoia daghestana'' (Kobelt, 1877) * '' Stenomphalia maiae'' (Hudec & Lezhava, 1969) * '' Stenomphalia selecta'' (Klika, 1894) * '' Teberdina flavolimbata'' (O. Boettger, 1883)

Helicidae Helicidae is a large, diverse family (biology), family of small to large, air-breathing land snails, sometimes called the "typical snails." A number of species in this family are valued as food items, including ''Cornu aspersum'' (formerly ''Heli ...

* '' Caucasotachea atrolabiata'' (Krynicki, 1833) * '' Caucasotachea calligera'' (Dubois de Montpereux, 1840) * '' Helix goderdziana'' Mumladze, Tarkhnishvili & Pokryszko, 2008Mumladze L., Tarkhnishvili D. & Pokryszko B. M. (2008). "A new species of the genus ''Helix'' from the Lesser Caucasus (sw Georgia)". '' Journal of Conchology'' 39(part 5): 483
abstract
/ref> * '' Helix buchii'' (Dubios de Montpereux, 1839) * '' Helix albescens'' Rossmässler, 1839 * '' Helix lucorum'' Linnaeus, 1758 * '' Lindholmia christophi'' (O. Boettger, 1881) / '' Caucasotachea christophi'' (O. Boettger, 1881) * '' Lindholmia nordmanni'' (Mousson, 1854) / '' Caucasotachea nordmanni'' (Mousson, 1854)

Bivalvia

Sphaeriidae Sphaeriidae is a family of small to minute freshwater bivalve molluscs in the order Sphaeriida. In the US, they are commonly known as pea clams or fingernail clams. Heard, William H. 1977. Reproduction of fingernail clams (Sphaeriidae: ''Sphae ...

* ''

Sphaerium corneum ''Sphaerium corneum'', also known as the European fingernailclam, is a very small freshwater clam, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Sphaeriidae, the fingernail clams. Description The shell is fairly globular and can grow up to 9–13.5 ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''

Musculium lacustre ''Musculium lacustre'' is a species of small freshwater clam, an aquatic bivalve mollusc in the family Sphaeriidae, the fingernail clams and pea clams. Description The 8–11 mm. shell is oval to quadrangular in shape. The umbos which are ...

'' (O. F. Müller, 1774) * '' Pisidium casertanum'' (Poli, 1791) * '' Pisidium subtruncatum'' Malm, 1855 * '' Pisidium nitidum'' Jenyns, 1832 * '' Pisidium obtusale'' (Lamarck, 1818)

Freshwater gastropods

Land gastropods

Bivalvia

Hothouse aliens

See also

References

Further reading