Elam Elam (; Linear Elamite: ''hatamti''; Cuneiform Elamite: ; Sumerian: ; Akkadian: ; he, עֵילָם ''ʿēlām''; peo, 𐎢𐎺𐎩 ''hūja'') was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of modern-day Iran, stretc ...
, c. 2700 – 519 BCE

The Elamites settlement was in southwestern Iran, where is modern

Khuzestan Khuzestan Province (also spelled Xuzestan; fa, استان خوزستان ''Ostān-e Xūzestān'') is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the southwest of the country, bordering Iraq and the Persian Gulf. Its capital is Ahvaz and it covers ...

, Ilam, Fars,

Bushehr Bushehr, Booshehr or Bushire ( fa, بوشهر ; also romanised as ''Būshehr'', ''Bouchehr'', ''Buschir'' and ''Busehr''), also known as Bandar Bushehr ( fa, ; also romanised as ''Bandar Būshehr'' and ''Bandar-e Būshehr''), previously Antioc ...

, Lorestan, Bakhtiari and Kohgiluyeh provinces. Their language was neither Semitic nor

Indo-European The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent. Some European languages of this family, English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Dutch ...

, and they were the geographic ancestors of the Achaemenid/Persian empire. For a full list of Elamite major and minor kings see: *

List of rulers of Elam The kings of Elam were the rulers of Elam, an ancient civilization in modern-day south-western Iran. The earliest known Elamite dynasty was the Awan dynasty, which came to power in the Early Dynastic period. Elam was conquered by the Akkadian Em ...

Western Kingdoms, c. 2550 – c. 700 BCE

Marhasi Marhaši ( Sumerian: ''Mar-ḫa-šiKI'' , ''Marhashi'', ''Marhasi'', ''Parhasi'', ''Barhasi''; in earlier sources Waraḫše. Akkadian: "Parahshum" ''pa2-ra-ah-shum2-ki'') was a 3rd millennium BC polity situated east of Elam, on the Iranian platea ...
kingdom,Qashqai, 2011.Legrain, 1922; Cameron, 1936; D’yakonov, 1956; The Cambridge History of Iran; Hinz, 1972; The Cambridge Ancient History; Majidzadeh, 1991; Majidzadeh, 1997. –

Some scholars suggested that Marhasi were located in southeastern Iran. #

Migirenlil Marhaši ( Sumerian: ''Mar-ḫa-šiKI'' , ''Marhashi'', ''Marhasi'', ''Parhasi'', ''Barhasi''; in earlier sources Waraḫše. Akkadian: "Parahshum" ''pa2-ra-ah-shum2-ki'') was a 3rd millennium BC polity situated east of Elam, on the Iranian platea ...

( BCE) # Unnamed King ( BCE) #

Abalgamash Abalgamash ( ''a-ba-al-ga-masz'') was a king of Marhashi ("Parahshum" in Akkadian) circa 2370 BCE, somewhere on the Iranian plateau. He seems to have led the forces of Elam, Marhashi, Kupin, Zahara and Meluhha into a coalition against the Akkadian ...

( – 2312 BCE), revolted against

Rimush Rimush (or Rimuš, ''Ri-mu-uš'') was the second king of the Akkadian Empire. He was the son of Sargon of Akkad and Queen Tashlultum. He was succeeded by his brother Manishtushu, and was an uncle of Naram-Sin of Akkad. Rimush reported having a sta ...

of Akkad # Hubshumkibi ( BCE contemporary with Naram-Sin king of

Akkad Akkad may refer to: *Akkad (city), the capital of the Akkadian Empire *Akkadian Empire, the first ancient empire of Mesopotamia *Akkad SC, Iraqi football club People with the name *Abbas el-Akkad, Egyptian writer *Abdulrahman Akkad, Syrian LGBT act ...

) # Unnamed King ( BCE) # Hashibatal ( BCE contemporary with

Shulgi Shulgi ( dŠulgi, formerly read as Dungi) of Ur was the second king of the Third Dynasty of Ur. He reigned for 48 years, from c. 2094 – c. 2046 BC (Middle Chronology) or possibly c. 2030 – 1982 BC ( Short Chronology). His accomplishme ...

king of Ur) # Arvilukpi ( BCE contemporary with

Amar-Sin Amar-Sin ( akk, : '' DAmar D Sîn'', after the Moon God Sîn", the "𒀭" being a silent honorific for "Divine"), initially misread as Bur-Sin (c. 2046-2037 BC middle chronology, or possibly ca. 1982–1973 BC short chronology) was the third rule ...

king of Ur) # Pariashum ( BCE contemporary with

king of Ur) #

Libanugshabash Marhaši ( Sumerian: ''Mar-ḫa-šiKI'' , ''Marhashi'', ''Marhasi'', ''Parhasi'', ''Barhasi''; in earlier sources Waraḫše. Akkadian: "Parahshum" ''pa2-ra-ah-shum2-ki'') was a 3rd millennium BC polity situated east of Elam, on the Iranian platea ...

(2044– BCE) # Mashhundahli ( BCE contemporary with

Ibbi-Sin Ibbi-Sin ( sux, , ), son of Shu-Sin, was king of Sumer and Akkad and last king of the Ur III dynasty, and reigned c. 2028–2004 BCE (Middle chronology) or possibly c. 1964–1940 BCE (Short chronology). During his reign, ...

king of Ur)

Namar Namar ( fa, نمار, also Romanized as Namār; also known as Namārestāq, Namāristāq, and Namāristōq) is a village in Larijan-e Sofla Rural District, Larijan District, Amol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran Iran, officially the ...
kingdom, c. 24th century–c. 750 BCE

# Tishari ( BCE) # Inbir ( BCE) # Sadarmat ( BCE) # Arisen ( BCE) # Unknown Queen ( BCE) # Karziyabku ( BCE) # Ritti-Marduk ( BCE) # Marduk-Mudammiq (until 844/2 BCE) # Ianzu (844/2–835/4 BCE)

Zakhara kingdom, c. 2350–c. 2250 BCE

# The unnamed prince of Zakhara ( BCE) # Ungapi ( BCE). Regent of Zakhara # The unnamed king of Zakhara (after 2254 BCE)

Ganhar kingdom, c. 21st century BCE

# Kisari (– BCE) # Warad-Nannar ( BCE)

Parsua Parsua (earlier Parsuash, Parsumash) was an ancient tribal kingdom/chiefdom (860-600 BC) located between Zamua (formerly: Lullubi) and Ellipi, in central Zagros to the southwest of Sanandaj, western Iran. The name ''Parsua'' is from an old Iranian ...
kingdom, – BCE

Ellipi Ellipi was an ancient kingdom located on the western side of the Zagros (modern Iran), between Babylonia at the west, Media at the north east, Mannae at the north and Elam at the south. The inhabitants of Ellipi were close relatives of the Elamit ...
kingdom, – BCE

Northwestern Kingdoms, c. 2400 – 521 BCE

Lullubi Lullubi, Lulubi ( akk, 𒇻𒇻𒉈: ''Lu-lu-bi'', akk, 𒇻𒇻𒉈𒆠: ''Lu-lu-biki'' "Country of the Lullubi"), more commonly known as Lullu, were a group of tribes during the 3rd millennium BC, from a region known as ''Lulubum'', now the Sha ...
kingdom, c. 2400–c. 650 BCE

# Immashkush ( BCE) # Anubanini ( BCE) he ordered to make an inscription on the rock nea
Sar-e Pol-e Zahab
#

Satuni Satuni, or Sutuni ( akk, 𒊓𒌅𒉌: ''Sa-tu-ni''), was a king or prince of the kingdom of Lullubi c. 2270 BC. Satuni was defeated by Sargon's grandson Naram Sin, a defeat which is mentioned in the Victory Stele of Naram-Sin: File:Naram- ...

( BCE contemporary with Naram-Sin king of

and

Khita Khita, sometimes Hita in Elamite ( ''hi-ta-a''), was governor of Susa and the 11th king of the Awan Dynasty of Elam, around 2280 BCE. He was most likely the grandfather of the famous Elamite ruler Kutik-Inshushinak, who succeeded him on the thro ...

king of

Awan Awan may refer to: Places * Awan (ancient city), a city-state in Elam in the 3rd millennium BCE * Awan (region), a town in Guna district, Madhya Pradesh, India * Awan, Bhulath, a village in Kapurthala district, Punjab, India, Punjab, Pakistan ...

) # Irib ( BCE) # Darianam ( BCE) # Ikki (precise dates unknown) # Tar ... duni (precise dates unknown) son of Ikki. his inscription is found near the inscription of Anubanini # Nur-Adad ( – 880 BCE) # Zabini ( BCE) # Hubaia ( BCE) vassal of Assyrians # Dada ( BCE) # Larkutla ( BCE)

Gilzan kingdom, c. 900–c. 820 BCE

# Unknown king (– BCE) # Asau () # Upu ( BCE)

Ida kingdom, c. 860–c. 710 BCE

# Nikdiara (– BCE) # Sharsina (– BCE) # Parnua ( BCE)

Allabria, c. 850–c. 710 BCE

# Ianziburiash () # Artasari () # Bēl-apla-iddina (until 716 BCE) # Itti ( BCE)

Gizilbunda kingdom, c. 850–c. 700 BCE

# Pirishati (until 820 BCE) (in Urash) # Titamashka ( BCE) (in Sasiashu) # Kiara ( BCE) (in Kar-Sibutu) # Engur ( BCE) (in Sibaru) # Zizi ( BCE) (in Appatar) # Zala ( BCE) (in Kit-Patia)

Araziash kingdom, c. 850 – 716 BCE

# Barua (precise dates unknown) # Munsuarta ( BCE) # Unknown king (– BCE) # Ramatea ( BCE) # Satareshu ( BCE)

Manna Manna ( he, מָן, mān, ; ar, اَلْمَنُّ; sometimes or archaically spelled mana) is, according to the Bible, an edible substance which God provided for the Israelites during their travels in the desert during the 40-year period follow ...
kingdom, c. 850–c. 611 BCE

Andia Kingdom, c. 850–c. 700 BCE

# Unnamed king of Andia ( BCE) contemporary with Daian-Ashur military leader of Assyrian empire in western Iran # Telusina ( – 715 BCE) who revolted against king of

Manna Manna ( he, מָן, mān, ; ar, اَلْمَنُّ; sometimes or archaically spelled mana) is, according to the Bible, an edible substance which God provided for the Israelites during their travels in the desert during the 40-year period follow ...

and was defeated by

Sargon II Sargon II (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: , meaning "the faithful king" or "the legitimate king") was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 722 BC to his death in battle in 705. Probably the son of Tiglath-Pileser III (745–727), Sargon is general ...

king of

Assyria Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: , romanized: ''māt Aššur''; syc, ܐܬܘܪ, ʾāthor) was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization which existed as a city-state at times controlling regional territories in the indigenous lands of the A ...

Kishesu kingdom, c. 830–c. 710 BCE

Sagbitu kingdom, c. 820–c. 710 BCE

Abdadana kingdom, c. 810–c. 710 BCE

Zikartu kingdom, c. 750 – 521 BCE

# The unnamed king of Zikartu () # Mettati ( – 714 BCE) # Bagparna (from 714 BCE) #

Tritantaechmes Tritantaechmes ( peo, 𐎨𐎡𐏂𐎫𐎧𐎶, translit=Ciçantakhma, Elamite: ''Ṣi-iš-šá-an-tak-ma'', Babylonian: ''Ši-it-ra-an-taḫ-ma'') was a king of the Sagartians, who ruled in Arbela (521 BCE). He claimed to be a descendant of Cyax ...

(until July 15, 521 BCE)

Median dynasty, 726–521 BCE

The

Medes The Medes (Old Persian: ; Akkadian: , ; Ancient Greek: ; Latin: ) were an ancient Iranian people who spoke the Median language and who inhabited an area known as Media between western and northern Iran. Around the 11th century BC, the ...

were an Iranian people. The Persians, a closely related and subject people, revolted against the

Median empire The Medes (Old Persian: ; Akkadian: , ; Ancient Greek: ; Latin: ) were an ancient Iranian people who spoke the Median language and who inhabited an area known as Media between western and northern Iran. Around the 11th century BC, the ...

during the 6th century BCE.

Karalla ''Karalla'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes, ponyfishes from the family Leiognathidae which are native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. Species There are currently two recognized species in this genus: * '' Karalla daura ...
kingdom, c. 720–c. 700 BCE

Uriaku kingdom, c. 720–c. 700 BCE

Karzinu kingdom, c. 720–c. 700 BCE

Saparda kingdom, c. 720–c. 670 BCE

# Dusanni (r. c. 670 BCE)

Scythian The Scythians or Scyths, and sometimes also referred to as the Classical Scythians and the Pontic Scythians, were an ancient Eastern * : "In modern scholarship the name 'Sakas' is reserved for the ancient tribes of northern and eastern Centra ...
kingdom, c. 700–c. 530 BCE

Išpakaia Ishpakaia (Scythian ; Akkadian: ) was a Scythian king who ruled during the period of the Scythian presence in Western Asia in the 7th century BCE. Name is the Akkadian form of the Scythian name , which was a hypocorostic derivation of the word ...

(unknown - ) # Partatua ( - ), possible son of Išpakaia #

Madea Mabel "Madea" Earlene Simmons (née Baker/Murphy) is a character created and portrayed by Tyler Perry. She is portrayed as a tough, street-smart elderly African-American woman. Madea is based on Perry's mother and his aunt. In Perry's own words ...

( – 625 BCE), son of Partatua

Southern Kingdoms, c. 710–550 BCE

Achaemenid The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire (; peo, wikt:𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶, 𐎧𐏁𐏂, , ), also called the First Persian Empire, was an History of Iran#Classical antiquity, ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC. Bas ...
Kings of Parsumash, c. 710–c. 635 BCE

Achaemenes Achaemenes ( peo, 𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁 ; grc, Ἀχαιμένης ; la, Achaemenes) was the apical ancestor of the Achaemenid dynasty of rulers of Persia. Other than his role as an apical ancestor, nothing is known of his life or ac ...

, founder of the dynasty. # Teispes (I) son of

– BCE # Cambyses (I) son of Teispes (I) – BCE # Cyrus (I) son of Cambyses (I) – BCE

Achaemenid The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire (; peo, wikt:𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶, 𐎧𐏁𐏂, , ), also called the First Persian Empire, was an History of Iran#Classical antiquity, ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC. Bas ...
Kings of
Anshan Anshan () is an inland prefecture-level city in central-southeast Liaoning province, People's Republic of China, about south of the provincial capital Shenyang. As of the 2020 census, it was Liaoning's third most populous city with a population ...
, c. 635 – 550 BCE

Teispes of Anshan Teïspes (from Greek ; in peo, 𐎨𐎡𐏁𐎱𐎡𐏁 ''Cišpiš''; Akkadian: 𒅆𒅖𒉿𒅖 ''Šîšpîš'',Kent (1384 AP), page 394 Elamite: Zi-iš-pi-iš) ruled Anshan in 675–640 BC. He was the son of Achaemenes of Persis and an ancest ...

, or Teispes (II) son of

or Cyrus (I), king of Persia, king of Anshan, – BCEMiroschedji, 1985. #

Cyrus I of Anshan Cyrus I (Old Persian: ''Kuruš'') or Cyrus I of Anshan or Cyrus I of Persia, was King of Anshan in Persia from to 580 BC or, according to others, from to 600 BC. Cyrus I of Anshan is the grandfather of Cyrus the Great, also known as Cyrus II. ...

or Cyrus (II), son of Teispes (II), king of Anshan – BCE #

Cambyses I of Anshan Cambyses I ( peo, 𐎣𐎲𐎢𐎪𐎡𐎹 ''Kabūjiya'') was king of Anshan from c. 580 to 559 BC and the father of Cyrus the Great (Cyrus II), younger son of Cyrus I, and brother of Arukku. He should not be confused with his bette ...

or Cambyses (II), his son, king of Anshan – 559 BCE # Cyrus II the Great or Cyrus (III), his son, king of Anshan 559–529. He conquered the Median Empire in 550 and established the

Persian Empire The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire (; peo, wikt:𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶, 𐎧𐏁𐏂, , ), also called the First Persian Empire, was an History of Iran#Classical antiquity, ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC. Bas ...

. * Line of Ariaramnes #

Ariaramnes of Persia Ariaramnes (Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎹𐎠𐎼𐎶𐎴 ''Ariyāramna''; "peace of the Arya") was a great-uncle of Cyrus the Great and the great-grandfather of Darius I, and perhaps the king of Parsa, the ancient core kingdom of Persia. __NOTO ...

, son of Teispes (II), king of Persia. His reign is doubtful. #

Arsames of Persia Arsames ( peo, 𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠𐎶 Aršāma, modern Persian:،آرسام، آرشام‎ Arshām, Greek: ) was the son of Ariaramnes and the grandfather of Darius I. He was traditionally claimed to have briefly been king of Persia during the ...

, son of Ariaramnes, king of Persia until 550, died after 520. His reign is doubtful. # His son Hystaspes was Satrap of

Parthia Parthia ( peo, 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 ''Parθava''; xpr, 𐭐𐭓𐭕𐭅 ''Parθaw''; pal, 𐭯𐭫𐭮𐭥𐭡𐭥 ''Pahlaw'') is a historical region located in northeastern Greater Iran. It was conquered and subjugated by the empire of the Med ...

under

Cambyses II Cambyses II ( peo, 𐎣𐎲𐎢𐎪𐎡𐎹 ''Kabūjiya'') was the second King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire from 530 to 522 BC. He was the son and successor of Cyrus the Great () and his mother was Cassandane. Before his accession, Cambyses ...

Smerdis Bardiya or Smerdis ( peo, 𐎲𐎼𐎮𐎡𐎹 ; grc, Σμέρδις ; possibly died 522 BC), also named as Tanyoxarces ( grc, Τανυοξάρκης ) by Ctesias, was a son of Cyrus the Great and the younger brother of Cambyses II, both Pe ...

and his son Darius.

References

Bibliography

* Cameron, George, "History of Early Iran", Chicago, 1936 (repr., Chicago, 1969; tr. E.-J. Levin, L’histoire de l’Iran antique, Paris, 1937; tr. H. Anusheh, ایران در سپیده دم تاریخ, Tehran, 1993) * D’yakonov, I. M., "Istoriya Midii ot drevenĭshikh vremen do kontsa IV beka de e.E" (The history of Media from ancient times to the end of the 4th century BCE), Moscow and Leningrad, 1956; tr. Karim Kešāvarz as Tāriḵ-e Mād, Tehran, 1966. * Hinz, W., "The Lost World of Elam", London, 1972 (tr. F. Firuznia, دنیای گمشده ایلام, Tehran, 1992)
Legrain, Leon, "Historical Fragments", Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania Museum Publications of the Babylonian Section, vol. XIII, 1922.
* Majidzadeh, Yusef, "History and civilization of Elam", Tehran, Iran University Press, 1991. * Majidzadeh, Yusef, "History and civilization of Mesopotamia", Tehran, Iran University Press, 1997, vol.1. * Potts, D. T., The Archaeology of Elam, Cambridge University Press, 1999. * Qashqai, Hamidreza, Chronicle of early Iran history, Tehran, Avegan press, 2011 (in Persian: گاهنمای سپیده دم تاریخ در ایران ) * The Cambridge Ancient History * The Cambridge History of Iran
Vallat, Francois. Elam: The History of Elam. Encyclopaedia Iranica, vol. VIII pp. 301-313. London/New York, 1998.
{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Kings Of Persia Iran history-related lists

Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

* Elamite kings

Elam Elam (; Linear Elamite: ''hatamti''; Cuneiform Elamite: ; Sumerian: ; Akkadian: ; he, עֵילָם ''ʿēlām''; peo, 𐎢𐎺𐎩 ''hūja'') was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of modern-day Iran, stretc ..., c. 2700 – 519 BCE