This is a list of

genetic algorithm In computer science and operations research, a genetic algorithm (GA) is a metaheuristic inspired by the process of natural selection that belongs to the larger class of evolutionary algorithms (EA). Genetic algorithms are commonly used to gene ...

(GA) applications.

Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Computer Science

* Bayesian inference links to particle methods in Bayesian statistics and hidden Markov chain modelsa tutorial on genetic particle models
/ref> *

Artificial creativity Computational creativity (also known as artificial creativity, mechanical creativity, creative computing or creative computation) is a multidisciplinary endeavour that is located at the intersection of the fields of artificial intelligence, cogni ...

* Chemical kinetics
gas
an
solid
phases) * Calculation of bound states and local-density approximations * Code-breaking, using the GA to search large solution spaces of

cipher In cryptography, a cipher (or cypher) is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption—a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a procedure. An alternative, less common term is ''encipherment''. To encipher or encode i ...

s for the one correct decryption. * Computer architecture: using GA to find out weak links in approximate computing such as lookahead. * Configuration applications, particularly physics applications of optimal molecule configurations for particular systems like C₆₀ ( buckyballs) * Construction of

facial composite A facial composite is a graphical representation of one or more eyewitnesses' memories of a face, as recorded by a composite artist. Facial composites are used mainly by police in their investigation of (usually serious) crimes. These images a ...

s of suspects by eyewitnesses in forensic science. * Data Center/Server Farm. * Distributed computer network topologies * Electronic circuit design, known as

evolvable hardware Evolvable hardware (EH) is a field focusing on the use of evolutionary algorithms (EA) to create specialized electronics without manual engineering. It brings together reconfigurable hardware, evolutionary computation, fault tolerance and autonomo ...

* Feature selection for

Machine Learning Machine learning (ML) is a field of inquiry devoted to understanding and building methods that 'learn', that is, methods that leverage data to improve performance on some set of tasks. It is seen as a part of artificial intelligence. Machine ...

* Feynman-Kac models * File allocation for a distributed system * Filtering and signal processing * Finding hardware bugs. *

Game theory Game theory is the study of mathematical models of strategic interactions among rational agents. Myerson, Roger B. (1991). ''Game Theory: Analysis of Conflict,'' Harvard University Press, p.&nbs1 Chapter-preview links, ppvii–xi It has appli ...

equilibrium resolution * Genetic Algorithm for Rule Set Production * Scheduling applications, including

job-shop scheduling Job-shop scheduling, the job-shop problem (JSP) or job-shop scheduling problem (JSSP) is an optimization problem in computer science and operations research. It is a variant of optimal job scheduling. In a general job scheduling problem, we are give ...

and scheduling in

printed circuit board A printed circuit board (PCB; also printed wiring board or PWB) is a medium used in Electrical engineering, electrical and electronic engineering to connect electronic components to one another in a controlled manner. It takes the form of a L ...

assembly. The objective being to schedule jobs in a sequence-dependent or non-sequence-dependent setup environment in order to maximize the volume of production while minimizing penalties such as tardiness. Satellite communication scheduling for the NASA Deep Space Network was shown to benefit from genetic algorithms. * Learning robot behavior using genetic algorithms * Image processing: Dense pixel matching * Learning fuzzy rule base using genetic algorithms * Molecular structure optimization (chemistry) * Optimisation of data compression systems, for example using wavelets. * Power electronics design. *

Traveling salesman problem The travelling salesman problem (also called the travelling salesperson problem or TSP) asks the following question: "Given a list of cities and the distances between each pair of cities, what is the shortest possible route that visits each cit ...

and its applications

Earth Sciences

Climatology Climatology (from Greek , ''klima'', "place, zone"; and , '' -logia'') or climate science is the scientific study of Earth's climate, typically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of at least 30 years. This modern field of stud ...

: Estimation of

heat flux Heat flux or thermal flux, sometimes also referred to as ''heat flux density'', heat-flow density or ''heat flow rate intensity'' is a flow of energy per unit area per unit time. In SI its units are watts per square metre (W/m2). It has both a ...

between the atmosphere and sea ice *

: Modelling global temperature changes * Design of water resource systems * Groundwater monitoring networks

Finance and Economics

* Financial mathematics ** Real options valuation **

Portfolio optimization Portfolio optimization is the process of selecting the best portfolio (asset distribution), out of the set of all portfolios being considered, according to some objective. The objective typically maximizes factors such as expected return, and minimi ...

Genetic algorithm in economics Genetic algorithms have increasingly been applied to economics since the pioneering work by John H. Miller in 1986. It has been used to characterize a variety of models including the cobweb model, the overlapping generations model, game theory, ...

** Representing rational agents in economic models such as the cobweb model ** the same, in

Agent-based computational economics Agent-based computational economics (ACE) is the area of computational economics that studies economic processes, including whole economies, as dynamic systems of interacting agents. As such, it falls in the paradigm of complex adaptive systems. I ...

generally, and in artificial financial markets

Social Sciences

*Design of

anti-terrorism Counterterrorism (also spelled counter-terrorism), also known as anti-terrorism, incorporates the practices, military tactics, techniques, and strategies that governments, law enforcement, business, and intelligence agencies use to combat or el ...

systems * Linguistic analysis, including

grammar induction Grammar induction (or grammatical inference) is the process in machine learning of learning a formal grammar (usually as a collection of ''re-write rules'' or '' productions'' or alternatively as a finite state machine or automaton of some kind) fr ...

and other aspects of

Natural language processing Natural language processing (NLP) is an interdisciplinary subfield of linguistics, computer science, and artificial intelligence concerned with the interactions between computers and human language, in particular how to program computers to pro ...

(NLP) such as word-sense disambiguation.

Industry, Management and Engineering

* Audio watermark insertion/detection * Airlines revenue management * Automated design of mechatronic systems using

bond graphs A bond graph is a graphical representation of a physical dynamic system. It allows the conversion of the system into a state-space representation. It is similar to a block diagram or signal-flow graph, with the major difference that the arcs in ...

and genetic programming (NSF) * Automated design of industrial equipment using catalogs of exemplar lever patterns * Automated design, including research on

composite material A composite material (also called a composition material or shortened to composite, which is the common name) is a material which is produced from two or more constituent materials. These constituent materials have notably dissimilar chemical or ...

design and multi-objective design of automotive components for crashworthiness, weight savings, and other characteristics * Automated planning of structural inspection * Container loading optimization * Control engineering, * Marketing mix analysis *

Mechanical engineering Mechanical engineering is the study of physical machines that may involve force and movement. It is an engineering branch that combines engineering physics and mathematics principles with materials science, to design, analyze, manufacture, and ...

* Mobile communications infrastructure optimization. * Plant floor layout *

Pop music Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form during the mid-1950s in the United States and the United Kingdom. The terms ''popular music'' and ''pop music'' are often used interchangeably, although the former describe ...

record production *

Quality control Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as "a part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements". This approach places ...

Sorting network In computer science, comparator networks are abstract devices built up of a fixed number of "wires", carrying values, and comparator modules that connect pairs of wires, swapping the values on the wires if they are not in a desired order. Such net ...

* Timetabling problems, such as designing a non-conflicting class timetable for a large university * Vehicle routing problem * Optimal bearing placement *

Computer-automated design Design Automation usually refers to electronic design automation, or Design Automation which is a Product Configurator. Extending Computer-Aided Design (CAD), automated design and Computer-Automated Design (CAutoD) are more concerned with a broa ...

Biological Sciences and Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics Bioinformatics () is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data, in particular when the data sets are large and complex. As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combi ...

Multiple Sequence Alignment *

RNA Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) are nucleic acids. Along with lipids, proteins, and carbohydra ...

structure prediction *

: Motif Discovery * Biology and

computational chemistry Computational chemistry is a branch of chemistry that uses computer simulation to assist in solving chemical problems. It uses methods of theoretical chemistry, incorporated into computer programs, to calculate the structures and properties of m ...

* Building

phylogenetic tree A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological spec ...

s. * Gene expression profiling analysis. *

Medicine Medicine is the science and practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care pract ...

Clinical decision support A clinical decision support system (CDSS) is a health information technology, provides clinicians, staff, patients, or other individuals with knowledge and person-specific information, to help health and health care. CDSS encompasses a variety of ...

in ophthalmology and oncology * Computational Neuroscience: finding values for the maximal conductances of ion channels in biophysically detailed neuron models *

Protein folding Protein folding is the physical process by which a protein chain is translated to its native three-dimensional structure, typically a "folded" conformation by which the protein becomes biologically functional. Via an expeditious and reproduci ...

and protein/

ligand docking In the field of molecular modeling, docking is a method which predicts the preferred orientation of one molecule to a second when a ligand and a target are binding (molecular), bound to each other to form a stable supramolecular chemistry, complex ...

* Selection of optimal mathematical model to describe biological systems * Operon prediction.

General Applications

Neural Network A neural network is a network or circuit of biological neurons, or, in a modern sense, an artificial neural network, composed of artificial neurons or nodes. Thus, a neural network is either a biological neural network, made up of biological ...

s; particularly recurrent neural networks * Training

artificial neural networks Artificial neural networks (ANNs), usually simply called neural networks (NNs) or neural nets, are computing systems inspired by the biological neural networks that constitute animal brains. An ANN is based on a collection of connected unit ...

when pre-classified training examples are not readily obtainable (

neuroevolution Neuroevolution, or neuro-evolution, is a form of artificial intelligence that uses evolutionary algorithms to generate artificial neural networks (ANN), parameters, and rules. It is most commonly applied in artificial life, general game playing ...

)

Physics

* Optimization of beam dynamics in accelerator physics. * Design of particle accelerator beamlines

Other Applications

* Clustering, using genetic algorithms to optimize a wide range of different fit-functions. *

Multidimensional systems In mathematical systems theory, a multidimensional system or m-D system is a system in which not only one independent variable exists (like time), but there are several independent variables. Important problems such as factorization and Stability ...

* Multimodal Optimization * Multiple criteria production scheduling * Multiple population topologies and interchange methodologies * Mutation testing * Parallelization of GAs/GPs including use of hierarchical decomposition of problem domains and design spaces nesting of irregular shapes using

feature matching In computer vision and image processing, a feature is a piece of information about the content of an image; typically about whether a certain region of the image has certain properties. Features may be specific structures in the image such as poi ...

and GAs. * Rare event analysis * Solving the machine-component grouping problem required for cellular manufacturing systems * Stochastic optimization * Tactical asset allocation and international equity strategies * Wireless sensor/ad-hoc networks.BiSNET/e – Distributed Software Systems Group, University of Massachusetts, Boston

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Genetic algorithm applications Mathematics-related lists Applications