This is a list of the first qualified female pharmacists to practice in each country, where that is known. Please note: the list should foremost contain the first female pharmacist with a formal qualification from each country. Historically, it was normal for widows of apothecaries and pharmacist to inherit their late husband's profession without being formally qualified. These cases – and other of note – can be noted in the margin, but should not be listed first.

Africa

* Namibia: There might be more female graduates, as the names listed were the only women named in the cited article. *Nigeria: Green is considered to have been the first female pharmacist in

West Africa West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, M ...

. Ekanem Bassey Ikpeme was considered the first native female pharmacist in Nigeria. *Tunisia: Dorra Bouzid is considered the first female pharmacist in Tunisia after independence. She started her practice sometime during the 1960s.

Americas

* Canada: Preevoot was considered the first Canadian woman to pass the pharmacy exam by law. *Chile: Glafira Vargas was the first female to graduate with a pharmacy degree in 1887, though Hinojosa appears to be the first female to work as a pharmacist upon graduation. *Curaçao: van heb Elizabeths-Gasthu was said to have been the first woman to have passed the exam for an assistant pharmacist in the colony. * Guatemala: Altuve is considered the first

Central America Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to the north, Colombia to the south, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. ...

n woman to have obtained a university degree. * United States: Elizabeth Gooking Greenleaf was the first not formally qualified pharmacist to practice in 1727. Hayhust was the first woman to receive a pharmacy degree in the United States in 1883.

Ella P. Stewart Ella Nora Phillips Stewart (March 6, 1893 – November 27, 1987) was an American pharmacist who was one of the first African American female pharmacists in the United States."Ella Stewart." ''Contemporary Black Biography''. Vol. 39. Detroit: Gal ...

was one of the first

African-American African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of ensl ...

female pharmacists in the United States."Ella Stewart." ''Contemporary Black Biography''. Vol. 39. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Accessed via ''Biography in Context'' database, 2016-07-02
Available online
via Encyclopedia.com.

Asia

* Indonesia: Jacobs is considered the first female pharmacist in the

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

and

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

(then Dutch East Indies).

Europe

* Belgium: Certain sources cite Louise Popelin (sister of Belgium's first female lawyer Marie Popelin) or Ida Huys as Belgium's first female pharmacist. They both completed their exams in 1887. *Czech Republic and Slovakia: Other sources cited Elza Fantová as the first Bohemia woman to earn a pharmaceutical degree in 1908. Krontilová-Librova started her pharmacy practice in 1904 and became the first female pharmacy student at the University of Prague in 1907 (graduating in 1909). *Finland: The first female pharmacist to qualify without dispensation in

Finland Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of B ...

was Helene Aejneleus in 1911. Brunberg was the first women to be qualified by dispensation. * Germany:

Anne of Denmark, Electress of Saxony Anne of Denmark ( Danish and German: Anna; Haderslev, 22 November 1532 – Dresden, 1 October 1585) was a Danish princess from the House of Oldenburg. Through her marriage with Augustus of Saxony she became Electress of Saxony. She was renow ...

was a non-professional female pharmacist in Germany.

Helena Magenbuch Helena Magenbuch (born 14 March 1523 in Nuremberg; died 9 September 1597 in Hohenacker, was a German pharmacist.Gerhard Raff: Hie gut Wirtemberg allewege. Band 2: Das Haus Württemberg von Herzog Friedrich I. bis Herzog Eberhard III. Mit den Linie ...

and Maria Andreae were professional pharmacists in the 16th-century. * Ireland: Wilson was the first female pharmacist to qualify in the south of Ireland. * Italy: Elisa Gagnatelli and Edvige Moroni were the first women to pass the pharmacy exam in 1897. *Netherlands: In the

and the Dutch East Indies, Charlotte Jacobs became the first female pharmacist with a degree in 1879. *Norway: Christine Dahl passed her assistant pharmacy exam in 1889, but Eide was considered the first female pharmacist. *Poland: Although Lesniewska was considered the first female pharmacist, Filipina and Konstancja Studzinska (sisters) were the first women to pass the pharmacy examination in 1824. * Russia: Olga Evgenevna Gabrilovich was the first female pharmacist to earn a degree in 1906. * Sweden: Leth was the first female pharmacist to have fulfilled a formal qualification.

Maria Dauerer Maria Dauerer (1624-1688) was a Swedish pharmacist (apothecary ''Apothecary'' () is a mostly archaic term for a medical professional who formulates and dispenses '' materia medica'' (medicine) to physicians, surgeons, and patients. The modern ...

was the first female pharmacist to have obtained a license. The first woman to have obtained a degree in pharmacology was Agnes Arvidsson (1903). * Ukraine: Makarova, a

Kiev University Kyiv University or Shevchenko University or officially the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv ( uk, Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка), colloquially known as KNU ...

(Ukraine) graduate, was the first woman to pass the examination for the title of pharmaceutical assistant.

Oceania

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:First female pharmacists by country

Pharmacists A pharmacist, also known as a chemist ( Commonwealth English) or a druggist (North American and, archaically, Commonwealth English), is a healthcare professional who prepares, controls and distributes medicines and provides advice and instru ...