|
Women In Pharmacy
Women have served widely as pharmacists. However, as with women in many jobs, women in pharmacy have been restricted. For example, only in 1964 was the American Civil Rights Act of 1964 () enacted, which outlawed refusing to hire women because of their sex including though not limited to in the profession of pharmacist. Even today, not all countries ensure equal employment opportunities for women. Women in medieval pharmacy Apothecary is one term for a medical professional who formulates and dispenses '' materia medica'' to physicians, surgeons, and patients; the modern pharmacist has taken over this role. Throughout medieval times, apothecaries were not trained in universities as physicians were. More often, they were trained through guilds, and apprenticeship. Apothecary businesses were typically family-run, and wives or other women of the family worked alongside their husbands in the shops, learning the trade themselves. Women were still not allowed to train and be educated in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Rights Act Of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 () is a landmark civil rights and United States labor law, labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on Race (human categorization), race, Person of color, color, religion, sex, and national origin. It prohibits unequal application of voter registration requirements, racial segregation in schools and public accommodations, and employment discrimination. The act "remains one of the most significant legislative achievements in American history". Initially, powers given to enforce the act were weak, but these were supplemented during later years. Congress asserted its authority to legislate under several different parts of the United States Constitution, principally its power to regulate interstate commerce under Article One of the United States Constitution, Article One (section 8), its duty to guarantee all citizens Equal Protection Clause, equal protection of the laws under the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elizabeth Gooking Greenleaf
Elizabeth Gooking Greenleaf (November 11, 1681 – November 11, 1762) was the first female apothecary in the Thirteen Colonies. She is considered to be the first female pharmacist in the United States. Biography Elizabeth Gooking was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts Colony in 1681, the daughter of Samuel and Mary Gooking. She married minister, physician, and apothecary Daniel Greenleaf (a Harvard graduate) in 1699. The couple had twelve children. In 1727, Elizabeth moved to Boston to open an apothecary shop. Though this was a role which had been exclusively performed by men, Massachusetts did not have any laws in place to prevent women from practicing. This made her the only woman among the 32 apothecaries working in New England at the time. Later in 1727, Daniel moved to Boston to join her after resigning his post as pastor of the Congregational Church in Yarmouth. They ran the shop together for several decades. Elizabeth Gooking Greenleaf died in 1762, followed by her husband i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julia Pearl Hughes
Julia Pearl Hughes (March 19, 1873 – September 14, 1950), also known as Julia P. H. Coleman or Julia Coleman-Robinson, was a pharmacist, entrepreneur, social activist, and business executive. She was the first African-American woman pharmacist to own and operate her own drug store; much later, she was the first African-American woman to run for elective office in the state of New York. Early life and education Hughes was born in Melville Township, Alamance County, North Carolina near the city of Mebane, North Carolina, the sixth of eight children of John and Mary (Moore) Hughes. She was educated in local schools, and attended Scotia Seminary in Concord, North Carolina (later Barber-Scotia College) from where she graduated in 1893. After teaching school for a couple of years, she enrolled at the "Pharmaceutical College" (now the College of Pharmacy) of Howard University; she graduated with the degree of Pharm.D in 1897. Early career and first marriage After graduatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cincinnati
Cincinnati ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Hamilton County. Settled in 1788, the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers, the latter of which marks the state line with Kentucky. The city is the economic and cultural hub of the Cincinnati metropolitan area. With an estimated population of 2,256,884, it is Ohio's largest metropolitan area and the nation's 30th-largest, and with a city population of 309,317, Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and 64th in the United States. Throughout much of the 19th century, it was among the top 10 U.S. cities by population, surpassed only by New Orleans and the older, established settlements of the United States eastern seaboard, as well as being the sixth-most populous city from 1840 until 1860. As a rivertown crossroads at the junction of the North, South, East, and West, Cincinnati developed with fewer immigrants and less influence from Europe than Ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cora Dow
Cora Dow (1868–1915) was a pharmacist in Cincinnati, Ohio, the leading female pharmacist of her time, with eleven stores under her name when she died. Her father owned a drugstore, and she graduated from the Cincinnati College of Pharmacy and later took over the store when he died. She also bought an ice cream factory and produced her own brand of ice cream because she did not think the kind sold in her store was good enough. She paid women the same as men, and furnished her stores so that women would be comfortable there. Her stores sold products at below the normal retail price, which was not often done then. Some manufacturers refused to sell to her because of this, but she challenged their pricing practices in court and won. She was also interested in animals, and campaigned nationally for the idea that horses should have a two-week annual vacation. She was married to accountant William W. Goode from 1897 until 1904. After that she took care of her mother. She sold her busi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pharmaceutical Society Of Great Britain
The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (RPSGB) existed from its founding as the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain in 1841 until 2010. The word "Royal" was added to its name in 1988. It was the statutory regulatory and professional body for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in England, Scotland and Wales. In September 2010, the regulatory powers of the Society were transferred to the newly formed General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC). The RPSGB became the Royal Pharmaceutical Society (RPS) at that time and retained its professional leadership role; the "Great Britain" part of the name was dropped for day-to-day purposes. Statutory role Before the establishment of the GPhC and the transfer of regulatory power, the primary objective of the RPSGB was to lead, regulate, develop and promote the pharmaceutical profession. All pharmacists in Great Britain had to be registered with the Society in order to practise, and the Society was unusual amongst healthcare regulat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rose Coombes Minshull
Rose Coombes Minshull (1845–1905) was one of the first two women members (with Isabella Clarke) of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (PSGB), admitted in 1879. Early life and education She was born on the 3rd of August 1845 at 19 Bradford Street, St Martin's, Birmingham, and baptised on 22nd of August. Her father, John Bellamy Minshull (c. 1811-1884), a wood turner, and her mother Elizabeth (c. 1813-1878) already had one daughter Jane (born c. 1842), and went on to have Flora (born c. 1847) and Albert (born c. 1851). The family had moved to London before Albert's birth, and by the 1871 census were at 149 Mile End Road, with an intriguing mix of craft and professional skills and occupations. Jane and Rose were both listed as “medical dispenser”, while their father was a bristle merchant, Flora was an engraver on wood, and Albert was an apprentice to the brush trade. Historian Ellen Jordan discovered that Rose was one of the pioneering women pharmacists who were su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isabella Skinner Clarke–Keer
Isabella Skinner Clarke–Keer (née Clarke) (29 October 1842 – 30 July 1926) was a British pharmacist and pioneer of women in pharmacy. In 1875, she became the first woman to qualify as a Pharmaceutical Chemist, and was one of the first two women members (with Rose Minshull) of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, admitted in 1879. In 1905, she became the first President of the National Association of Women Pharmacists (then the Association of Women Pharmacists). Early life and education Isabella Skinner Clarke was born on 29 October 1842 on 27 Skinner Street, London. It is not recorded whether her middle name was inspired by her parents’ address. Her father, Edward Clarke (born c.1805), was a clerk at the time of her birth, but recorded as a solicitor in the 1861 census. Her mother was Elizabeth Clarke (née Pemberton) (born c.1808). “Bella”, as she was known, was their third child of seven, with older sisters Elizabeth (born c.1836), Ellen Victoria (born c.18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mary Corinna Putnam Jacobi
Mary Corinna Putnam Jacobi (August 31, 1842 – June 10, 1906) was an esteemed American medical physician, teacher, scientist, writer, and suffragist. She was the first woman to study medicine at the University of Paris, and had a long career practicing medicine, teaching, writing, and advocating for women's rights, especially in medical education. Disparaging anecdotal evidence and traditional approaches, she demanded rigorous scientific research on every question of the day. Her scientific rebuttal of the popular idea that menstruation made women unsuited to education was influential in the fight for women's educational opportunities. Early life Mary Corinna Putnam was born on August 31, 1842 in London, England. She was the daughter of an American father, George Palmer Putnam and British mother, Victorine Haven Putnam, originally from New York City. Mary was the oldest of eleven children. At the time of Mary's birth, the family was in London because her father George was est ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philadelphia College Of Pharmacy And Science
Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the List of municipalities in Pennsylvania#Municipalities, largest city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the List of United States cities by population, sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Act of Consolidation, 1854, Since 1854, the city has been coextensive with Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia County, the List of counties in Pennsylvania, most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the Delaware Valley, the Metropolitan statistical area, nation's seventh-largest and one of List of largest cities, world's largest metropolitan regions, with 6.245 million residents . The city's population at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census was 1,603,797, and over 56 million people live within of Philadelphia. Philadelphia was founded in 1682 by William Penn, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philadelphia College Of Pharmacy
Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Since 1854, the city has been coextensive with Philadelphia County, the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the Delaware Valley, the nation's seventh-largest and one of world's largest metropolitan regions, with 6.245 million residents . The city's population at the 2020 census was 1,603,797, and over 56 million people live within of Philadelphia. Philadelphia was founded in 1682 by William Penn, an English Quaker. The city served as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony during the British colonial era and went on to play a historic and vital role as the central meeting place for the nation's founding fathers whose plans and actions in Philadelphia ultimately inspired the American Revolution and the nation's independenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Susan Hayhurst
Susan Hayhurst (December 25, 1820 – August 7, 1909) was an American physician, pharmacist, and educator, and the first woman to receive a pharmacy degree in the United States. Biography Susan Hayhurst was born in Middletown Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Quakers Thomas and Martha Hayhurst. She attended school in Wilmington, Delaware and excelled in mathematics. While still a young girl she worked as a teacher at country schools in Bucks County. Taking an interest in chemistry and physiology, she enrolled at the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, and went on to graduate with a degree in medicine in 1857. She served as principal of the Friends' School in Philadelphia from 1857 to 1867, and for a time operated her own school which was attended by many of her former students. During the American Civil War, she was chairman of the Committee of Supplies of the Pennsylvania Relief Association. In 1876, Hayhurst became the head of the pharmaceutical departm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
