This is a list of recently extinct flora of Australia, that is plants that are considered to have become extinct since the European colonisation of

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

in 1788. Within Australia there are mechanisms for registering an extinction at the federal, state and territory levels. Federal and state listings may vary due to regional extinctions or because of differing definitions of extinction in the various pieces of legislation.

Plants listed as extinct by the federal government

Plants and animals are listed as extinct and the federal level under the auspices of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. The Act lists all plants considered to have become extinct since the commencement of European settlement of Australia in 1788. There are 37 species currently listed as extinct under the Act. Of note, the species ''Pimelea spinescens'' subsp. ''pubiflora'' was presumed extinct after 1901, but a population was discovered in 2005. The orchid ''

Diuris bracteata ''Diuris bracteata'' is a species of orchid that is endemic to New South Wales. It has two folded leaves and up to eight yellow flowers with blackish marks. After its collection in a Sydney suburb in 1888, no further collections were made and the ...

'' was also considered extinct after its first collection in 1899, but it was thought to have been rediscovered in 1998. The later collections are now considered to be ''

Diuris platichila } ''Diuris platichila'', commonly known as the Blue Mountains doubletail, is a species of orchid that is endemic to a few isolated places in the Blue Mountains in New South Wales. It has two leaves and up to eight yellow flowers with dark mark ...

''. The spiny everlasting (''

Acanthocladium dockeri ''Acanthocladium dockeri'' is a critically endangered species of the family Asteraceae that belongs to the monotypic genus ''Acanthocladium''. It is commonly known as spiny everlasting or spiny daisy. It is native to Australia, and is found aroun ...

'') was reclassified as critically endangered in 2006 after it was rediscovered in 1999. Bennett's Seaweed, declared extinct under the EPBC Act in 1999; was the first protist listed as extinct by the

IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natu ...

in 2004.

Plants listed as extinct by the states and territories

Each state and territory of Australia has legislation to record the extinction of plants and animals; organisms listed as extinct at the state level may differ from those listed under the EPBC Act.

Australian Capital Territory

Threatened species are listed under the '' Nature Conservation Act 2014'' in the Australian Capital Territory.

New South Wales

There are 35 taxa "presumed extinct" as specified in Part 4 of Schedule 1 of the New South Wales ''

Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 The ''Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (TSC Act)'' was enacted by the Parliament of New South Wales in 1995 to protect threatened species, populations and ecological communities in NSW. In 2016 it was replaced by the '' Biodiversity Co ...

''. Species presumed extinct in New South Wales, but not listed under the EPBC Act include: '' Rhaphidospora bonneyana'', '' Glinus orygioides'', ''

Ptilotus extenuatus ''Ptilotus'' R.Br. is a genus of approximately 120 species of annual and perennial herbs and shrubs in the family Amaranthaceae. All species are native to mainland Australia, although one species, ''Ptilotus spathulatus'' (R.Br.) Poir., also oc ...

'', ''

'' (listed by EPBC as extinct in SA, but not NSW), ''

Blumea lacera ''Blumea'' is a genus of flowering plants of the family Asteraceae. Characteristics Genus ''Blumea'' is found in the tropical and sub-tropical zones of Asia, especially the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. A few species are found in Aust ...

'', '' Senecio behrianus'', ''

Stemmacantha australis ''Rhaponticum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Cardueae within the family Asteraceae. Description ''Rhaponticum'' species are perennial herbaceous plants with simple, rarely branched stems. The leaves are simple to pinnatifid. Th ...

'', ''

Lepidium foliosum ''Lepidium foliosum'', commonly known as leafy peppercress, is a shrubby species of plant found in southern regions of Australia, usually close to the coast. The herbaceous species is shrubby in form, with hairless leaves and stem, and resembles ...

'', ''

Stenopetalum velutinum ''Stenopetalum'' (common name thread petal) is a genus in the Brassicaceae family which is endemic to Australia. It was first described by Robert Brown in 1821. Species There are 11 species in the genus. *''Stenopetalum anfractum'' E.A. Shaw * ...

'', '' Atriplex acutiloba'', ''

Maireana lanosa ''Maireana '' is a genus of around 57 species of perennial shrubs and herbs in the family Amaranthaceae which are endemic to Australia. Species in this genus were formerly classified within the genus ''Kochia''. The genus was described in 1840 b ...

'', ''

Osteocarpum pentapterum ''Osteocarpum'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae. Its native range is Australia. Species Species: *''Osteocarpum acropterum'' *''Osteocarpum dipterocarpum ''Osteocarpum'' is a genus of flowering plants bel ...

'', '' Hypolepis elegans'', ''

Codonocarpus pyramidalis ''Codonocarpus'' is a small genus of shrubs or small trees in the family Gyrostemonaceae Gyrostemonaceae is a family of plants in the order Brassicales The Brassicales (or Cruciales) are an order of flowering plants, belonging to the euros ...

'', '' Haloragis stricta'', '' Myriophyllum implicatum'', '' Caladenia rosella'', ''

Thelymitra epipactoides ''Thelymitra epipactoides'', commonly called the metallic sun orchid, is a species of orchid that is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It has a single relatively large, leathery leaf and up to twenty large flowers that range in co ...

'', '' Comesperma scoparium'', ''

Grevillea nematophylla ''Grevillea nematophylla'', commonly known as water bush or silver-leaved water bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is shrub or small tree with simple or pinnatisect leaves, the leaves ...

'', ''

Persoonia laxa ''Persoonia laxa'' is an extinct shrub of the family Proteaceae native to the Sydney region in eastern Australia. It was only known from two specimens, the holotype found in Newport in 1907, and the other specimen collected in Manly the followin ...

'', ''

Pomaderris oraria ''Pomaderris oraria'', commonly known as Bassian dogwood, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a compact shrub with hairy branchlets, hairy, elliptic leaves and panicles of hair ...

'', '' Aphanes pentamera'', '' Knoxia sumatrensis'', ''

Micromelum minutum ''Micromelum minutum'', commonly known as limeberry, dilminyin (east Arnhem Land). kimiar margibur ( Murray Island), tulibas tilos (Philippines), sesi (Indonesia) and samui (Thailand), is a species of small tree or shrub in the citrus plant fam ...

'', '' Philotheca angustifolia'', ''

Dodonaea stenophylla ''Dodonaea'' is a genus of about 70 species of flowering plants, often known as hop-bushes, in the Sapindus, soapberry family, Sapindaceae. It has a cosmopolitan distribution in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions of Africa, the Amer ...

'', '' Tetratheca pilosa subsp. pilosa''. Although listed as extinct under the EPBC Act, '' Diurus bracteata'' is listed as endangered in New South Wales.

Northern Territory

Threatened species is the Northern Territory are listed under IUCN criteria by the Department of Natural Resources, Environment and the Arts. As of 2006 there are no recorded plant extinctions in the Northern Territory.

South Australia

Threatened species are listed under the '' National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972'' in South Australia. 26 plant taxa are presumed extinct in South Australia, 2 of these are listed under the EPBC Act

Queensland

Threatened species are listed under the '' Nature Conservation Act 1992'' and the '' Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006'' in Queensland, under this act some species are described as "presumed extinct". There are currently 27 species described as presumed extinct in Queensland, those not listed under the EPBC Act include: '' Acianthus ledwardii'', '' Amphineuron immersum'', '' Antrophyum austroqueenslandicum'', ''

Corchorus thozetii ''Corchorus'' is a genus of about 40–100 species of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. Different common names are used in different contexts, with jute applying to t ...

'', '' Dimocarpus leichhardtii'', ''

Lindsaea pulchella var. blanda ''Lindsaea'', common name necklace fern, is a genus of around 180 species of fern, 15 of which reach Australia. The name is in honour of surgeon John Lindsay of Jamaica. The genus is sometimes spelt ''Lindsaya''. Species , the ''Checklist of Fer ...

'', ''

Oldenlandia tenelliflora var. papuana ''Oldenlandia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is pantropical in distribution and has about 240 species.Inge Groeninckx, Steven Dessein, Helga Ochoterena, Claes Persson, Timothy J. Motley, Jesper Kårehed, Birgit ...

'', '' Rhaphidospora cavernarum'', '' Tapeinosperma flueckigeri'', '' Teucrium ajugaceum'', '' Trichomanes exiguum'', '' Wendlandia psychotrioides'', '' Zieria sp.'' (Russell River S.Johnson in 1892). It was reported on 12 April 2008 that two of the plants, '' Rhaphidospora cavernarum'' and '' Teucrium ajugaceum'' have been rediscovered on Cape York between Cooktown and Lockhart River, and are now re-classified as "vulnerable".

Tasmania

There are 20 taxa classified as "presumed extinct" under schedule 3.2 of the Tasmanian '' Threatened Species Protection Act 1995''. Only three of these species are listed as extinct under the EPBC Act. The additional species listed as extinct under Tasmanian legislation are: '' Ballantinia antipoda'', ''

Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia ''Banksia integrifolia'' subsp. ''integrifolia'' is a subspecies of ''Banksia integrifolia''. Description ''Banksia integrifolia'' subsp. ''integrifolia'' can be distinguished from the other subspecies of ''B. integrifolia'' by its slightl ...

'', '' Botrychium australe'', '' Caladenia cardiochila'', ''

Chenopodium erosum ''Chenopodium'' is a genus of numerous species of perennial or annual herbaceous flowering plants known as the goosefoots, which occur almost anywhere in the world. It is placed in the family Amaranthaceae in the APG II system; older classifica ...

'', ''

Coopernookia barbata ''Coopernookia'' is a plant genus of six species of small perennial shrubs that are all endemic to Australia. They have hairy, often sticky leaves, and flowers with bilateral symmetry. Description Plants in the genus ''Coopernookia'' are small s ...

'', '' Hibbertia obtusifolia'', '' Lepilaena australis'', '' Levenhookia dubia'', '' Myriophyllum glomeratum'', ''

Podotheca angustifolia ''Podotheca angustifolia'', commonly known as sticky longheads, is a species of herb native to Australia. Description An annual herb with yellow flowers, ''P. angustifolia'' grows in a range of habits, from trailing along the ground to erec ...

'', ''

Prostanthera cuneata ''Prostanthera cuneata'', commonly known as alpine mint bush, is a species of flowering plant in the mint family Lamiaceae, and is endemic to mountainous areas of south-eastern continental Australia. It is an erect, compact shrub with egg-shaped ...

'', ''

Punctelia subflava ''Punctelia subflava'' is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae that occurs in Australia. Taxonomy The lichen was first formally described in 1847 as ''Parmelia subflava'' by botanist Thomas Taylor. The type specimen, descri ...

'', ''

Senecio macrocarpus ''Senecio'' is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family ( Asteraceae) that includes ragworts and groundsels. Variously circumscribed taxonomically, the genus ''Senecio'' is one of the largest genera of flowering plants. Description M ...

'', '' Thesium australe'', '' Thynninorchis huntiana'' and '' Veronica notabilis''.

Victoria

Threatened species in Victoria are identified under the auspices of the '' Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (1988)''; the act does not specify species presumed extinct. The Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment maintain a list of species presumed extinct in Victoria;Department of Sustainability and Environment (2005
Advisory List of Rare or Threatened Plants in Victoria - 2005
Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment, East Melbourne, Victoria. they list 51 extinct taxa, those not listed under the EPBC Act include: '' Acacia argyrophylla'', '' Acacia havilandiorum'', ''

Acrotriche depressa ''Acrotriche depressa'', commonly known as wiry ground-berry or honeypots, is a flowering plant in the family Ericaceae. It is a small shrub with crowded greyish-green leaves and white or green flowers and grows in southern Australia. Descript ...

'', ''

Actinotus bellidioides ''Actinotus bellidioides'', sometimes known as tiny flannel-flower, is an endemic Australian rosette herb. The species name comes from ''Bellis ''Bellis'' () is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. The group is native to E ...

'', '' Asplenium polyodon'', ''

Atriplex billardierei ''Atriplex'' () is a plant genus of about 250 species, known by the common names of saltbush and orache (; also spelled orach). It belongs to the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the family Amaranthaceae ''s.l.''. The genus is quite variable and w ...

'', '' Austrostipa tuckeri'', ''Caladenia carnea'' var. ''subulata'', ''

Caladenia magnifica ''Caladenia magnifica'', commonly known as the magnificent spider orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to Victoria. It has a single leaf and one or two reddish crimson or yellow flowers streaked with crimson and with dark reddish tips. It h ...

'', '' Caladenia thysanochila'', ''

Calotis pubescens ''Calotis pubescens'' is a species of daisy endemic to Australia and found in New South Wales and Victoria. It was first described in 1867 by Ferdinand von Mueller Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, (german: Müller; 30 June ...

'', '' Cardamine gunnii'' s.s., ''

Centipeda pleiocephala ''Centipeda'' is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. The genus is primarily native to Australia and New Zealand, with a few species extending the range northward into Asia and across the Pacific to southern South America. ...

'', ''

Cheiranthera alternifolia ''Cheiranthera alternifolia'', commonly known as finger-flower, is a flowering plant in the family Pittosporaceae. It is a small shrub with deep bluish-purple flowers, yellow stamens and dull green linear shaped leaves. It is found growing in So ...

'', '' Chionogentias gunniana'', '' Convolvulus microsepalus'', '' Cuscuta victoriana'', ''

Cyperus vaginatus ''Cyperus vaginatus'', commonly known as stiff-leaf sedge or stiff flat-sedge, is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to Australia. Description The rhizomatous perennial herb grass-like sedge typically grows to a height of and has ...

'', '' Digitaria diffusa'', ''

Dodonaea heteromorpha ''Dodonaea'' is a genus of about 70 species of flowering plants, often known as hop-bushes, in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae. It has a cosmopolitan distribution in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions of Africa, the Americas, s ...

'', '' Epilobium willisii'', ''Euphrasia collina'' subsp. ''speciosa'', '' Hibbertia incana'' s.s., ''Hypolepis elegans'' subsp. ''elegans'', '' Leiocarpa tomentosa'', '' Leionema microphyllum'', '' Lemooria burkittii'', ''

Leptorhynchos scaber The genus ''Leptorhynchos'' may refer to: * ''Leptorhynchos'' (dinosaur), a dinosaur genus in the family Caenagnathidae * ''Leptorhynchos'' (plant), a plant genus in the family Asteraceae {{Genus disambiguation ...

'' s.s., '' Phyllangium sulcatum'', ''

Picris barbarorum ''Picris'' (oxtongues) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. ''Picris'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, such as the grass moth ''Diasemia reti ...

'', ''

Podolepis arachnoidea ''Podolepis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Gnaphalieae within the family Asteraceae. It is endemic to Australia and can be found in every state.Pomaderris obcordata'', '' Prasophyllum colemaniae'', '' Prasophyllum morganii'', '' Prasophyllum'' sp. aff. '' odoratum'', '' Prasophyllum suttonii'' s.s., '' Pterostylis'' sp. aff. '' biseta'' (Lara), ''

Rutidosis helichrysoides ''Rutidosis'' is a genus of Australian annual and perennial herbs in the tribe Gnaphalieae within the family Asteraceae. ; Species

'', '' Senecio murrayanus'', '' Senna'' form taxon '' artemisioides'', ''

'', ''Stenanthemum notiale'' subsp. ''notiale'', ''Trema tomentosa'' var. ''viridis'', '' Braithwaitea sulcata''.

Western Australia

There are 14 taxa classified as "X: Declared Rare Flora - Presumed Extinct Taxa" under the Department of Environment and Conservation's Declared Rare and Priority Flora List, all of which have been gazetted as presumed extinct flora in Western Australia under the '' Wildlife Conservation Act 1950''. This list coincides with the federal EPBC Act list, except that it includes ''

Leptomeria dielsiana ''Leptomeria'' is a genus of flowering plants, endemic to Australia. Species include: *'' Leptomeria acida'' R.Br. - Native currant, sour currant bush *'' Leptomeria aphylla'' R.Br. *''Leptomeria axillaris'' R.Br. *''Leptomeria cunninghamii'' Mi ...

'', ''

Ptilotus caespitulosus ''Ptilotus'' R.Br. is a genus of approximately 120 species of annual and perennial herbs and shrubs in the family Amaranthaceae. All species are native to mainland Australia, although one species, ''Ptilotus spathulatus'' (R.Br.) Poir., also oc ...

'' and '' Taraxacum cygnorum''; and excludes ''

Frankenia conferta ''Frankenia'' (sea heath) is the only genus in the Frankeniaceae family of flowering plants. Other genera have been recognized within the family, such as ''Anthobryum'', ''Hypericopsis'' and ''Niederleinia'', but molecular phylogenetic studies h ...

'' (Silky Frankenia) and ''

Calothamnus accedens ''Calothamnus accedens'', commonly known as Piawaning clawflower, is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It was first formally described in 1984, declared extinct in 1992, rediscovered ...

''.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Extinct Flora Of Australia, List Of

Extinct flora of Australia Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

Extinct flora of Australia

Plants listed as extinct by the federal government

Plants listed as extinct by the states and territories

Australian Capital Territory

New South Wales

Northern Territory

South Australia

Queensland

Tasmania

Victoria

Western Australia

See also

References