The

Jurchens Jurchen (Manchu language, Manchu: ''Jušen'', ; zh, 女真, ''Nǚzhēn'', ) is a term used to collectively describe a number of East Asian people, East Asian Tungusic languages, Tungusic-speaking peoples, descended from the Donghu people. They ...

were a

Tungusic people Tungusic peoples are an ethno-linguistic group formed by the speakers of Tungusic languages (or Manchu–Tungus languages). They are Indigenous peoples of Siberia, native to Siberia and Northeast Asia. The Tungusic phylum is divided into two main ...

who inhabited the region of

Manchuria Manchuria is an exonym (derived from the endo demonym " Manchu") for a historical and geographic region in Northeast Asia encompassing the entirety of present-day Northeast China (Inner Manchuria) and parts of the Russian Far East (Outer Manc ...

(present-day Northeast China) until the 17th century, when they adopted the name ''

Manchu The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) and ...

''.

List of Jurchen chieftains during the Liao dynasty (926–1115)

"Tamed" Jurchens or Shu Jurchen (熟女眞)

"Wild" Jurchens or Sheng Jurchen (生女眞)

* Wanyan Hanpu 完顏函普 (金始祖) (941–960) *

Wanyan Wulu Wulu was a chieftain of the Wanyan tribe, the most dominant among the Jurchen tribes which later founded the Jin dynasty (1115–1234). He was the eldest son of Hanpu, who is regarded as the ancestor of the Wanyan clan. Wulu was given the pos ...

完顏烏魯 (金德帝) (960–962) * Wanyan Bahai 完顏跋海 (金安帝) (962–983). * Wanyan Suike 完顏綏可 (金獻祖) (983–1005): In 1003, under his leadership the Wanyan tribe united five tribes in a federation called the "Five Nations" (wuguobu 五國部: Punuli (蒲努里/蒲奴里/蒲聶), Tieli 鐵驪, Yuelidu (越裡篤國), Aolimi (奧里米國), and Puali 剖阿里國). * Wanyan Shilu 完顏石魯 (金昭祖) (1005–1021) * Wanyan Wugunai 完顏烏古迺 (金景祖) (1021–1074): Meanwhile, King

Hyung The Korean terms hyeong, pumsae, poomsae and teul (meaning "form" or "pattern") are all used to refer to martial arts forms that are typically used in Korean martial arts such as Taekwondo and Tang Soo Do. * Hyeong is often romanized as ''hyu ...

ordered to continue and finish the work of building a wall ( Cheolli Jangseong) from Song-ryung Pass (in the mouth of the Yalu River ner

Uiju Ŭiju County is a kun, or county, in North Pyongan Province, North Korea. The county has an area of 420 km², and a population of 110,018 (2008 data). Name Ŭiju appears as Uiju in South Korea's Revised Romanization and as Yizhou in Chinese ...

in the west to the borders of the Jurchen tribe in the north-east around

Hamheung Hamhŭng (''Hamhŭng-si''; ) is North Korea's second-largest city, and the capital of South Hamgyŏng Province. It has an estimated population of 768,551. Located in the southern part of the South Hamgyong province, Hamhung is the main and most p ...

) * Wanyan Helibo (完颜劾里钵) Shizu (金世祖) (1074–1092) * Wanyan Pochishu 完顏頗剌淑 (金肅宗) (1092–1094) *

Wanyan Yingge The Wanyan (; Manchu: ''Wanggiyan''; Jurchen script: ) clan was among the clans of the Heishui Mohe tribe living in the drainage region of the Heilong River during the time of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty. Of the Heishui Mohe, the clan was co ...

(完颜盈歌) Muzong (金穆宗) (1094–1103) *

Wanyan Wuyashu Wuyashu (1061–1113) was a chieftain of the Wanyan tribe, the most dominant among the Jurchen tribes which later founded the Jin dynasty (1115–1234). He was the eldest son of Helibo and the elder brother of Aguda (Emperor Taizu), the founder ...

(完顏烏雅束/完颜乌雅束) Kangzong (金康宗) b. 1061 (1103–1113) *

Wanyan Aguda Emperor Taizu of Jin (August 1, 1068 – September 19, 1123), personal name Aguda, sinicised name Min (), was the founder and first emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China. He was originally the chieftain of the Wanyan tribe, the most ...

(完颜阿骨打) Taizu (金太祖) b. 1068 (1113–1123)

The Jin dynasty (1115–1234)

List of Jurchen chieftains during the Yuan dynasty (1234–1368)

List of Jurchen chieftains during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644)

List of
Jianzhou Jurchens The Jianzhou Jurchens () were one of the three major groups of Jurchens as identified by the Ming dynasty. Although the geographic location of the Jianzhou Jurchens changed throughout history, during the 14th century they were located south of t ...
chieftains

Located on the banks of Hun River(渾江)

Odoli Clan (1405–1616) (俄朵里 or 斡都里 or 斡朵里 or 吾都里 or 斡朵怜)

Bukūri Yongšon Bukūri Yongšon (; ? – ?) was a legendary ancestor of the future emperors of the Qing dynasty. Legend Bukūri Yongšon was claimed the progenitor of the Aisin Gioro clan by Hong Taiji, which would be the imperial family of China in the futur ...

(布库里雍顺) * Mengtemu (孟特穆) or

Möngke Temür Möngke Temür ( or ) or Dudu Mengtemu ( Manchu: ;遼寧省檔案館『滿州實錄上函』 ) (1370–1433) was a Jurchen chieftain of the Odoli tribe, one of the three tribes of the lower Sunggari river valley in Manchuria. In the 1380s the t ...

(童孟哥帖木兒) (1405–1433) (Temple name: Zhàozǔ 肇祖) *

Cungšan Cungšan (, , sometimes written as 董山) was a chieftain of the Jurchen Jianzhou Left Guard. Cungšan was the great-great-great-grandfather of Nurhaci, the founder of the Later Jin dynasty of China. His posthumous name was Emperor Chun (). His f ...

(充善) b. 1419 (1433–1467) (Temple name: Chúndì 纯帝) * Fanca († 1458) * Tolo (妥罗) (1467–1481) (Temple name: Xīngdì 兴帝) *

Sibeoci Fiyanggū Sibeoci Fiyanggū (;?Manchu Veritable Records Vol.1 died 1522), also called Shi Baoqi (石报奇), was Chieftain of the Jianzhou Jurchens. He held the position of Jianzhou Left Guard (建州左衛) from 1481 to 1522. After the Qing dynasty was es ...

(锡宝齐篇古) (1481–1522) (Temple name: Zhèngdì 正帝) *

Fuman Fuman (; ; died 1542) was Chieftain of the Jianzhou Jurchens and an ancestor of the future Qing dynasty emperors. His father was Sibeoci Fiyanggū. His family name was Aisin Gioro (愛新覺羅). History Fuman was the great-grandfather of Nurh ...

(福满) (1522–1542) (Temple name: Xingzu 兴祖)

Huligai Clan (胡里改) (1403–? )

* Ahacu (阿哈出) (Li Sicheng) (李思誠) († 1409–1410) * Šigiyanu 釋加奴 (Li-Hsien-chung/Li Xianzhong) (李顯忠) * Li-Man-chu (Li Manzhu (李滿住) (b. 1407 – † 1467)

The Maolian (毛憐) Jurchens (1405–?)

Synonyms: Wu-liang-ha, Orankha, Oranke (兀良哈/乙良哈) according to Korean records, Orangai (瓦爾哈;オランカイ) according to Japanese records.
Location: They settled south of the

Suifen River The Razdolnaya (russian: Раздольная, formerly: Суйфун ''Suyfun'') or Suifen () is a river in People's Republic of China and Russia. It flows into the Amur Bay of the Sea of Japan. The name ''Suifen'' is the Manchu word ''(suifun) ...

(绥芬河 or 速平江), on the north-west of Hui-ning under the leadership of one of Ahacu (阿哈出)'s sons.

Udige Clan (兀狄哈)

* They invaded Joseon territory in 1402, in 1410, in 1436 (see 곽승우(郭承祐) and 조연(趙涓)), in 1460 with the Oranke (see also 신숙주(申叔舟)) * They were beaten by the Korean General Heo Jong 허종(許琮) (1434–1494) in 1491, under

Seongjong of Joseon Seongjong of Joseon (19 August 1457 – 20 January 1495), personal name Yi Hyeol (Korean: ; Hanja: ), was the ninth ruler of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. Before succeeding his uncle, King Yejong, he was known as Grand Prince Jalsan (Korean: ...

's reign (see also 조산보(造山堡) and 나사종(羅嗣宗))

Suksuhu River / Suksuhu bira (蘇克素護 or 苏克苏护毕拉) Clan:
Aisin Gioro The House of Aisin-Gioro was a Manchu clan that ruled the Later Jin dynasty (1616–1636), the Qing dynasty (1636–1912), and Manchukuo (1932–1945) in the history of China. Under the Ming dynasty, members of the Aisin Gioro clan served as c ...

* Wang Gao (王杲) († 1575) * Atai ( 阿台) (1575–1583) & 阿海 & 阿弟 *

Nikan Wailan Nikan Wailan (; , ? - 1587) was a Jurchen leader affiliated with the Ming dynasty and a rival of Nurhaci. Name In the Jurchen language, Nikan Wailan means "secretary of Han Chinese", thus his existence is suspected by some historians. Life In 1 ...

( 尼堪外兰) († 1586) *

Giocangga Giocangga (Manchu: ; ; 1526–1583) was the son of Fuman and the paternal grandfather of Nurhaci, the man who unified the Jurchen peoples and founded the Later Jin dynasty of China. Both he and his son Taksi attacked Atai's fort, which was bein ...

(觉昌安) (1542–1571) (Temple name: Jǐngzǔ 景祖) *

Taksi Taksi (Manchu: ; ; 1543–1583) or posthumously titled as Emperor Xuan was a Jurchen chieftain and father of Nurhaci, founder of the Later Jin dynasty, and the fourth son of Giocangga. A member of the House of Aisin-Gioro, he was killed in an ...

(塔克世) (1571–1583) (Temple name: Xiǎnzǔ 显祖) *

Nurhaci Nurhaci (14 May 1559 – 30 September 1626), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizu of Qing (), was a Jurchen chieftain who rose to prominence in the late 16th century in Manchuria. A member of the House of Aisin-Gioro, he reigned ...

(努尔哈赤) (Temple name: 太祖)

Hunehe Bira (唿呐呵毕拉 or 渾河部)

Wanggiya (汪佳)

Donggo (董鄂)

Jecen aiman (哲陳部)

Neyen (訥殷)

Jušeri (珠舍哩 or 图色哩)

List of
Haixi Jurchens The Haixi Jurchens () were a grouping of the Jurchens as identified by the Chinese of the Ming dynasty. They inhabited an area that consists of parts of modern-day Jilin, Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia in China. Etymology Haixi Jurchen ...
chieftains

Located near the banks of

Songhua River The Songhua Postal Romanization, or Sunghwa River (also Haixi or Xingal, russian: Сунгари ''Sungari'') is one of the primary List of rivers of China, rivers of China, and the longest tributary of the Amur. It flows about from the Chang ...

Hulun confederation (扈伦)

* Kesina 克什纳

Yehe Nara (Manchu language, Manchu: , Wade-Giles: nara hala, Chinese: , or ) is a clan name shared by a number of royal Manchu clans. The four tribes of the Hulun (alliance), Hūlun confederation () – Hada (), Ula (), Hoifa () and Yehe () – wer ...
or
Yehe Nara Nara ( Manchu: , Wade-Giles: nara hala, Chinese: , or ) is a clan name shared by a number of royal Manchu clans. The four tribes of the Hūlun confederation () – Hada (), Ula (), Hoifa () and Yehe () – were all ruled by clans bearing th ...
(葉赫 / 叶赫) Clan

Location: banks of Yehe River south of

Changchun Changchun (, ; ), also romanized as Ch'angch'un, is the capital and largest city of Jilin Province, People's Republic of China. Lying in the center of the Songliao Plain, Changchun is administered as a , comprising 7 districts, 1 county and 3 c ...

* Singgen Darhan 星垦达尔汉/星根達爾漢 * Sirke Minggatu 席尔克明噶图/席爾克明噶圖 * Cirgani 齐尔噶尼/齊爾噶尼 * Cukungge 祝孔格/褚孔格 * Taicu 太杵 * Yangginu ( 楊吉砮) & Cinggiyanu ( 淸佳砮) († 1584) * Narimbulu (纳林布录) (1584–1613) 庚寅 *

Jintaiji Gintaisi (Manchu: ; died September 29, 1619), known as Jintaishi () or Jintaiji () in Chinese, was a Jurchen beile (chieftain) of the Yehe tribal confederation. He was the younger brother of Narimbulu, and became one of the two beile of the Yehe ...

( 金台石) (1613–1619) (己巳)

Hata/Hada Clan (哈達 / 哈达) (1543–1601)

Location: south of the Yehe Clan (east of Kaiyuan), the southernmost among the Haixi Jurchens. * Wangji Wailan ( 旺济外兰(王忠)) * Wang Tai ( 萬汗/王台) 1548–1582 * Hurhan 扈尔罕 1582 * Menggebulu 孟格布录 1582–1599 * Ulhūda 武尔古岱 1599–1601

Ula (烏拉/乌拉) Clan (1405–1616)

Location: Hulan River (north of

Harbin Harbin (; mnc, , v=Halbin; ) is a sub-provincial city and the provincial capital and the largest city of Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, as well as the second largest city by urban population after Shenyang and largest ...

) * Buyan 布顔 * Bugan 布干 * Mantai ( 满泰) (?–1596), the father of

Lady Abahai Empress Xiaoliewu (1590 – 1 October 1626), of the Manchu Plain White Banner Ula Nara clan, personal name Abahai, was a consort of Nurhaci. She was 31 years his junior. Abahai was erroneously identified with Hong Taiji, Nurhaci's eighth son ...

(阿巴亥) *

Bujantai Bujantai (Manchu: ; ) (died 1618) was a Jurchen ''beile'' (chieftain) of the Ula tribal confederation. Bujantai was descended from Nacibulu (納奇卜祿), the ancestor of the Nara lineages of Ula and Hada. Tradition spoke of Nacibulu as havin ...

(布占泰) (1596–1618), the younger brother of Mantai

Hoifa Clan (輝發 / 辉发) (?–1607)

* Wangginu 汪加奴(王机砮) *

Baindari Baindari ( Manchu: ; ) (?-1607) was a Jurchen ''beile'' (chieftain) of the Hoifa tribal confederation. He was a member of the Nara clan although his ancestors were originally members of the Ikderi clan and belonged originally to the Nimaca trib ...

摆银答里 († 1607)

List of Yeren Jurchens (野人) chieftains

Other important chieftains

References

THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF CHINA The Qing Empire To 1800

Jurchens History of Manchuria Qing dynasty

Lists of Chinese monarchs History-related lists {{DEFAULTSORT:Chieftains of the Jurchens