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Cungšan
Cungšan (, , sometimes written as 董山) was a chieftain of the Jurchen Jianzhou Left Guard. Cungšan was the great-great-great-grandfather of Nurhaci, the founder of the Later Jin dynasty of China. His posthumous name was Emperor Chun (). His father was Mengtemu. In 1442, a succession dispute between Cungšan and his half-brother Fanca led to a division in the Jianzhou Left Guard. Cungšan inherited his father's position as head of the Jianzhou Left Guard while his brother Fanca was made head of a new separate Jianzhou Right Guard by the Ming dynasty. After the death of his half-brother Fanca, Cungšan brought the Right Guard under his control. Family *Children: # Tolo () # Toimo () # Sibeoci Fiyanggū Sibeoci Fiyanggū (;?Manchu Veritable Records Vol.1 died 1522), also called Shi Baoqi (石报奇), was Chieftain of the Jianzhou Jurchens. He held the position of Jianzhou Left Guard (建州左衛) from 1481 to 1522. After the Qing dynasty was es ... () References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tolo (Manchu)
Tolo (;Manchu Veritable Records Vol.1 died 1506) was an ancestor to the Qing dynasty. He was the eldest son of Cungšan, Nurhaci's grand uncle. His family name is Aisin Gioro (愛新覺羅); his name was translated as Tole (脫羅) and Tolv (土老). Life In the years of Chenghua (成化) after Cungšan died and a siege with the Three Guards of Jianzhou (建州) and Ming army, the Ming economy collapsed. In the Ming dynasty, Tolo commanded the Left Guard of Jianzhou. Tolo helped recover the economy, expanding trade with the Nüzhen (女真) at the borders, and further developing agricultural production. For his contributions, the Ming dynasty promoted him to Dudu Jianzhou Left Guard. Tolo died in 1506. His son Toyuebeo succeeded his father. See also *Cuyan Cuyan (;?–?)The leader of Jianzhou Nüzhen(建州女真) in the Ming Dynasty. His family name is Aisin Gioro(愛新覺羅), his name was translated as Cheuk Yan(綽顏). He was born in Hetuala(赫圖阿拉). [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toimo
Toimo(;?–?)The ancestors of the Qing dynasty.He is the second son of Cungšan, Nurhaci's great-great-great-granduncle. His family name is Aisin Gioro (愛新覺羅). History The leader of the Jianzhou Nüzhen (建州女真) in the Ming dynasty, He was Tolo's brother, the older brother of Sibeoci Fiyanggū, Sibeoci Fiyanggū was Nurhaci's great-great-grandfather. In the time of birth and death due righteousness is unknown, about life in Chenghua (成化) years, died without an heir.《清史稿·卷一六一·皇子世錶一·肇祖系》：妥義謨，充善第二子。無嗣. Family * Paternal Grandfather: Mentemu (孟特穆) **Father: Cungšan (充善) **Uncle: Chu Yan (褚宴) Brother *The eldest brother: Tolo (妥羅) *Three younger brother: Sibeoci Fiyanggū (錫寶齊篇古) Bibliography *"Draft History of Qing The ''Draft History of Qing'' () is a draft of the official history of the Qing dynasty compiled and written by a team of over 100 historians led b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mengtemu
Möngke Temür ( or ) or Dudu Mengtemu (Manchu: ;遼寧省檔案館 『滿州實錄 上函』 ) (1370–1433) was a Jurchen chieftain of the Odoli tribe, one of the three tribes of the lower Sunggari river valley in Manchuria. In the 1380s the tribe migrated southward towards the lower valley of the Tumen River and settled in Womuho (present day Hoeryong). As a distant ancestor of the Aisin Gioro clan which founded the Qing dynasty, Möngke Temür was accorded the posthumous name Emperor Yuan (原皇帝) and the temple name Zhaozu (肇祖) by the Shunzhi Emperor of the Qing dynasty. His son was Cungšan. Career In 1388, the Hongwu Emperor established contact with three tribes of the Jianzhou Jurchens, the Odoli, Huligai and Tuowen and attempted to enlist them as allies against the Mongols. There was a general migration south of the various Jurchen groups around the start of the 15th century and the three tribes established themselves around the Tumen River (near the modern borde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sibeoci Fiyanggū
Sibeoci Fiyanggū (;?Manchu Veritable Records Vol.1 died 1522), also called Shi Baoqi (石报奇), was Chieftain of the Jianzhou Jurchens. He held the position of Jianzhou Left Guard (建州左衛) from 1481 to 1522. After the Qing dynasty was established, he was officially honored with the posthumous name ''Emperor Zheng'' (正皇帝). Descendants Sibeoci Fiyanggū was the great-great grandfather of Nurhaci, the man who reorganized and united various Jurchen tribes. Nurhaci's descendants became the last Emperors of China during the Qing Dynasty. Relations * Father: Cungšan (充善) * Uncle: Agu (阿古) * Uncle: Qin Yang (秦羊) * Uncle: Cuyan (褚宴) * Son: Fuman Fuman (; ; died 1542) was Chieftain of the Jianzhou Jurchens and an ancestor of the future Qing dynasty emperors. His father was Sibeoci Fiyanggū. His family name was Aisin Gioro (愛新覺羅). History Fuman was the great-grandfather of Nurh ... References Jurchens in Ming dynasty 1522 dea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Möngke Temür
Möngke Temür ( or ) or Dudu Mengtemu (Manchu: ;遼寧省檔案館 『滿州實錄 上函』 ) (1370–1433) was a Jurchen chieftain of the Odoli tribe, one of the three tribes of the lower Sunggari river valley in Manchuria. In the 1380s the tribe migrated southward towards the lower valley of the Tumen River and settled in Womuho (present day Hoeryong). As a distant ancestor of the Aisin Gioro clan which founded the Qing dynasty, Möngke Temür was accorded the posthumous name Emperor Yuan (原皇帝) and the temple name Zhaozu (肇祖) by the Shunzhi Emperor of the Qing dynasty. His son was Cungšan. Career In 1388, the Hongwu Emperor established contact with three tribes of the Jianzhou Jurchens, the Odoli, Huligai and Tuowen and attempted to enlist them as allies against the Mongols. There was a general migration south of the various Jurchen groups around the start of the 15th century and the three tribes established themselves around the Tumen River (near the modern borde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Chieftains Of The Jurchens
The Jurchens were a Tungusic people who inhabited the region of Manchuria (present-day Northeast China) until the 17th century, when they adopted the name ''Manchu''. List of Jurchen chieftains during the Liao dynasty (926–1115) "Tamed" Jurchens or Shu Jurchen (熟女眞) "Wild" Jurchens or Sheng Jurchen (生女眞) * Wanyan Hanpu 完顏函普 (金始祖) (941–960) * Wanyan Wulu 完顏烏魯 (金德帝) (960–962) * Wanyan Bahai 完顏跋海 (金安帝) (962–983). * Wanyan Suike 完顏綏可 (金獻祖) (983–1005): In 1003, under his leadership the Wanyan tribe united five tribes in a federation called the "Five Nations" (wuguobu 五國部: Punuli (蒲努里/蒲奴里/蒲聶), Tieli 鐵驪, Yuelidu (越裡篤國), Aolimi (奧里米國), and Puali 剖阿里國). * Wanyan Shilu 完顏石魯 (金昭祖) (1005–1021) * Wanyan Wugunai 完顏烏古迺 (金景祖) (1021–1074): Meanwhile, King Hyung ordered to continue and finish the work of building a wall ( Cheo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jianzhou Jurchens
The Jianzhou Jurchens () were one of the three major groups of Jurchens as identified by the Ming dynasty. Although the geographic location of the Jianzhou Jurchens changed throughout history, during the 14th century they were located south of the Wild Jurchens and the Haixi Jurchens, and inhabited modern-day Liaoning and Jilin provinces in China. The Jianzhou Jurchens were known to possess an abundant supply of natural resources. They also possessed industrial secrets, particularly in processing ginseng and the dyeing of cloth. They were powerful due to their proximity to Ming trading towns such as Fushun, Kaiyuan, and Tieling in Liaodong, and to Manpojin camp near Korea. Origins According to Pamela Crossley, a historian specializing in Manchu history, the origin of the name Jianzhou is contested. Xu Zhongsha thought it was derived from the region of Parhae, from the Songari and Hun Rivers. Japanese scholars disagree and state that the name was created from the migrating Jur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nurhaci
Nurhaci (14 May 1559 – 30 September 1626), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizu of Qing (), was a Jurchen chieftain who rose to prominence in the late 16th century in Manchuria. A member of the House of Aisin-Gioro, he reigned as the founding khan of the Later Jin dynasty of China from 1616 to 1626. Nurhaci reorganized and united various Jurchen tribes (the later "Manchu"), consolidated the Eight Banners military system, and eventually launched attacks on both the Ming and Joseon dynasties. His conquest of Ming dynasty's northeastern Liaodong region laid the groundwork for the Qing conquest of the Ming by his descendants, who founded the Qing dynasty in 1636. He is also generally credited with ordering the creation of a new written script for the Manchu language based on the Mongolian vertical script. Name and titles Nurhaci is written as in Manchu language. Some suggest that the meaning of the name in the Manchu language is "the skin of a wild boar", other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Later Jin (1616–1636)
The Later Jin, officially known as Jin or the Great Jin, was a royal dynasty of China in Manchuria and the precursor to the Qing dynasty. Established in 1616 by the Jianzhou Jurchen chieftain Nurhaci upon his reunification of the Jurchen tribes, its name was derived from the earlier Jin dynasty founded by the Wanyan clan which had ruled northern China in the 12th and 13th centuries. In 1635, the lingering Northern Yuan dynasty under Ejei Khan formally submitted to the Later Jin. The following year, Hong Taiji officially renamed the realm to "Great Qing", thus marking the start of the Qing dynasty. During the Ming–Qing transition, the Qing conquered Li Zicheng's Shun dynasty and various Southern Ming claimants and loyalists, going on to rule an empire comprising all of China, stretching as far as Tibet, Manchuria, Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Taiwan until the 1911 Xinhai Revolution established the Republic of China. Name Historians debate whether the official Chinese name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Posthumous Name
A posthumous name is an honorary name given mostly to the notable dead in East Asian culture. It is predominantly practiced in East Asian countries such as China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan, and Thailand. Reflecting on the person's accomplishments or reputation, the title is assigned after death and essentially replaces their name used during life. Although most posthumous names are assigned to royalty, some posthumous names are given to honor significant people without hereditary titles, such as courtiers or military generals. A posthumous name should not be confused with era names (年號), regnal names (尊號), or temple names (廟號). Format One or more adjectives are inserted before the deceased's title to make their posthumous name. Posthumous names are exclusively owned on the state level, although not necessarily on a broader national level. The name of the state or domain of the owner is added to avoid ambiguity from multiple similar posthumous names. The Chinese languag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fanca
Fanconi anaemia, complementation group A, also known as FAA, FACA and FANCA, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ''FANCA'' gene. It belongs to the Fanconi anaemia complementation group (FANC) family of genes of which 12 complementation groups are currently recognized and is hypothesised to operate as a post-replication repair or a cell cycle checkpoint. FANCA proteins are involved in inter-strand DNA cross-link repair and in the maintenance of normal chromosome stability that regulates the differentiation of haematopoietic stem cells into mature blood cells. Mutations involving the FANCA gene are associated with many somatic and congenital defects, primarily involving phenotypic variations of Fanconi anaemia, aplastic anaemia, and forms of cancer such as squamous cell carcinoma and acute myeloid leukaemia. Function The Fanconi anaemia complementation group (FANC) currently includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1 (also called BRCA2), FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FAN ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ming Dynasty
The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last orthodox dynasty of China ruled by the Han Chinese, Han people, the majority ethnic group in China. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng (who established the short-lived Shun dynasty), numerous rump state, rump regimes ruled by remnants of the House of Zhu, Ming imperial family—collectively called the Southern Ming—survived until 1662. The Ming dynasty's founder, the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398), attempted to create a society of self-sufficient rural communities ordered in a rigid, immobile system that would guarantee and support a permanent class of soldiers for his dynasty: the empire's standing army exceeded one million troops and the naval history of China, navy's dockyards in Nanjin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
