List Of Brown Seaweeds Of South Africa
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This is a list of brown
seaweeds Seaweed, or macroalgae, refers to thousands of species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae. The term includes some types of '' Rhodophyta'' (red), ''Phaeophyta'' (brown) and ''Chlorophyta'' (green) macroalgae. Seaweed species such as ...
recorded from the
oceans The ocean (also the sea or the world ocean) is the body of salt water that covers approximately 70.8% of the surface of Earth and contains 97% of Earth's water. An ocean can also refer to any of the large bodies of water into which the worl ...
bordering South Africa. This list comprises locally used
common names In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often contra ...
,
scientific names In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ...
with author citation and recorded
ranges In the Hebrew Bible and in the Old Testament, the word ranges has two very different meanings. Leviticus In Leviticus 11:35, ranges probably means a cooking furnace for two or more pots, as the Hebrew word here is in the dual number; or perhaps ...
. Ranges specified may not be the entire known range for the species, but should include the known range within the waters surrounding the Republic of South Africa. List ordering and
taxonomy Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...
complies where possible with the current usage in
Algaebase AlgaeBase is a global species database of information on all groups of algae, both marine and freshwater, as well as sea-grass. History AlgaeBase began in March 1996, founded by Michael Guiry. Text was copied from this source, which is avail ...
, and may differ from the cited source, as listed citations are primarily for range or existence of records for the region. Sub-taxa within any given
taxon In biology, a taxon ( back-formation from '' taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular n ...
are arranged alphabetically as a general rule. Details of each species may be available through the relevant internal links. Synonyms may be listed where useful.


Division:

Heterokonta Heterokonts are a group of protists (formally referred to as Heterokonta, Heterokontae or Heterokontophyta). The group is a major line of eukaryotes. Most are algae, ranging from the giant multicellular kelp to the unicellular diatoms, which a ...
— Class: Phaeophyceae — Brown seaweeds


Order: Cutleriales


Family Cutleriaceae

*'' Aglaozonia'' sp. (Muizenberg, False Bay. Brandfontein. Bird Island, eastern Cape)


Order:

Desmarestiales Desmarestiales is an order in the brown algae (Phaeophyceae). Members of this order have terete or ligulate (flat) pinnately branched thalli attached by discoid holdfasts. They have a sporphytic thallus usually aggregated to form a pseudo-par ...


Family

Desmarestiaceae Desmarestiaceae is a family of brown algae, one of two families in the order Desmarestiales.Guiry, M. D. & G. M. Guiry. 2013Desmarestiales.AlgaeBase. National University of Ireland, Galway. Accessed 04 June 2013. The family gets its name from th ...

*Acid weed ''
Desmarestia firma ''Desmarestia'' is a genus of brown algae found worldwide. It is also called acid weed, acidweed, ', sea sorrel, (), ', mermaid's hair, landlady's wig, or '. However, 'sea sorrel' can also specifically refer to '' Desmarestia viridis''. Mem ...
'' (C.Agardh) Skottsberg in Nordenskjöld 1907, syn. ''Sporochnus herbaceus'' var. ''firma'' C.Agardh 1824, (Möwe Bay, Namibia to Betty's Bay. Doubtful record for Cape Agulhas)


Order: Dictyotales


Family Dictyotaceae

*'' Canistrocarpus cervicornis'' (Kützing) De Paula & De Clerck in De Clerck et al. 2006, syn. ''Dictyota cervicornis'' Kützing 1859, (Mission Rocks northwards into Mozambique)Tronchin, E.M. and De Clerk, O in De Clerck, O., Bolton, J.J., Anderson, R. J. & Coppejans, E. 2005. ''Guide to the Seaweeds of KwazZulu-Natal''. Scripta Botanica Belgica Volume 33. Joint publication of: National Botanical gardens of Belgium, VLIZ Flanders Marine Institute and Flemish Community. *'' Dictyopteris delicatula'' J.V.Lamouroux 1809, syn. ''Neurocarpus delicatulus'' (J.V.Lamouroux) Kuntze, ''Haliseris delicatula'' (J.V.Lamouroux) C.Agardh 1820. (Isipingo northwards) *Smooth-tongued dictyopteris '' Dictyopteris ligulata'' (Suhr) O.C.Schmidt 1938, syn. ''Haliseris ligulata'' Suhr 1834, (Black Rock (Umpangazi?), Natal to Koppie Allen, De Hoop Nature Reserve. Rare on west coast, only collected from Brandfontein) *'' Dictyopteris macrocarpa'' (Areschoug) O.C.Schmidt 1938, syn. ''Haliseris macrocarpa'' Areschoug 1847, ''Neurocarpus macrocarpus'' (Areschoug) Kuntze 1891, (Port Alfred northwards to Mozambique) *'' Dictyota ciliolata'' Sonder ex Kützing 1859, (Mabibi northwards into Mozambique) *''
Dictyota dichotoma ''Dictyota dichotoma'' is a species of Brown algae found in the temperate western and eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Red Sea and the western Indian Ocean. Description The thallus of ''Dictyota dichotoma'' grows ...
'' (Hudson) J.V.Lamouroux 1809, syn. ''Ulva dichotoma'' Hudson 1762, ''Zonaria dichotoma'' (Hudson) C.Agardh 1817, ''Fucus dichotomus'' (Hudson) Bertolini 1819, ''Haliseris dichotoma'' (Hudson) Sprengel 1827, ''Dichophyllium dichotomum'' (Hudson) Kützing 1843,(Langebaan and False Bay to Natal. ''D. dichotoma'' var. ''intricata'' (C.Agardh) Greville 1830, common at Kalk Bay and Dalebrook, and occurring more or less throughout the range of the species) *
Dictyota friabilis ''Dictyota'' is a genus of brown seaweed in the family Dictyotaceae. Species are predominantly found in tropical and subtropical seas, and are known to contain numerous chemicals (diterpenes) which have potential medicinal value. As at the end of ...
'' Setchell 1926, (Northern KwaZulu-Natal) *'' Dictyota humifusa'' Hörnig, Schnetter & Coppejans in Hörnig et al. 1992, (Isipingo northwards into Mozambique) *'' Dictyota liturata'' J.Agardh 1848, (Kommetjie on Cape Peninsula to Umhlali in KwaZulu-Natal) *Spotted dictyota ''
Dictyota naevosa ''Dictyota'' is a genus of brown seaweed in the family Dictyotaceae. Species are predominantly found in tropical and subtropical seas, and are known to contain numerous chemicals (diterpenes) which have potential medicinal value. As at the end of ...
'' (Suhr) Montagne 1840, syn. ''Zonaria naevosa'' Suhr 1834, ''Cutleria naevosa'' (Suhr) Hering ex Krauss 1846, (Die Walle to Umhlali, KwaZulu-Natal)(Cape Peninsula eatward into KwaZulu-Natal as far as Mission Rocks) *'' Distromium skottsbergii'' Levring 1940, (Protea banks in southern KwaZulu-Natal) *Multi-fanned zonaria '' Exallosorus harveyanus'' (Pappe ex Kützing) J.A.Phillips, 1997. Syn. ''Zonaria harveyana'' (Pappe ex Kützing) Areschoug 1851, (Platbank, False Bay to KwaZulu-Natal as far north as Park Rynie. Endemic) *''
Lobophora variegata ''Lobophora variegata'' is a species of small thalloid brown alga which grows intertidally or in shallow water in tropical and warm temperate seas. It has three basic forms, being sometimes ruffled, sometimes reclining and sometimes encrusting ...
'' (J.V.Lamouroux) Womersley ex E.C.Oliveira 1977, syn. ''Dictyota variegata'' J.V.Lamouroux 1809, ''Zonaria variegata'' (J.V.Lamouroux) C.Agardh 1817, ''Gymnosorus variegatus'' (J.V.Lamouroux) J.Agardh 1894, ''Pocockiella variegata'' (J.V.Lamouroux) Papenfuss 1943, (East London eastward into Mozambique) *'' Padina boryana'' Thivy in W.R. Taylor 1966, (The Haven about 150km west of Port St. Johns eastward into Mozambique) *'' Rugulopteryx suhrii'' (Kützing) De Clerck & Coppejans in De Clerck et al. 2006, syn. ''Dictyota marginata'' Areschoug 1851, ''Dictyota suhrii'' G.Murray 1888, ''Stoechospermum suhrii'' Kützing 1859, (Algoa Bay eatwards into KwaZulu-Natal as far north as Isipingo) *'' Spatoglossum asperum'' J.Agardh 1894, (Isipingo northward) *'' Stoechospermum polypodioides'' (J.V.Lamouroux) J.Agardh 1848, syn. ''Dictyota polypodioides'' J.V.Lamouroux 1809, (Mapelane near St. Lucia northward into Mozambique) *'' Stypopodium multipartitum'' (Suhr) P.C.Silva in P.C.Silva, Basson & Moe 1996, syn. ''Zonaria multipartita'' Suhr 1834, ''Cutleria multipartita'' (Suhr) Hering 1846, ''Orthosorus multipartitus'' (Suhr) Trevisan 1849, ''Spatoglossum multipartitum'' (Suhr) Kützing 1849, (Arniston eastward into Mozambique) *Articulated zonaria ''
Zonaria subarticulata Zonaria is a melodic death metal band from Umeå, Sweden, formerly known as Seal Precious. The band is currently signed to Century Media Records. Background Formed in 2001 by Simon Berglund, Christoffer Vikström, and Mikael Hammarberg, the b ...
'' (J.V.Lamouroux) Papenfuss 1944, ''Dictyota subarticulata'' J.V.Lamouroux 1809, ''Padina interrupta'' (Lamouroux) Bory de Saint-Vincent 1827, ''Phycopteris interrupta'' (Lamouroux) Kützing 1849, ''Orthosorus interruptus'' (Lamouroux) Trevisan 1849, (False Bay eastward to Mozambique)


Order:

Ectocarpales Ectocarpales is a very large order in the brown algae (class Phaeophyceae). The order includes families with pseudoparenchymatous (Splachnidiaceae) or true parenchymatous ( Scytosiphonaceae) tissue. Pseudoparenchymatous refers to a filamento ...


Family:

Acinetosporaceae Acinetosporaceae is a family of brown algae in the order Ectocarpales Ectocarpales is a very large order in the brown algae (class Phaeophyceae). The order includes families with pseudoparenchymatous (Splachnidiaceae) or true parenchymatou ...

*'' Acinetospora crinita'' (Carmichael) Sauvageau 1899, syn. ''Acinetospora pusilla'' var. ''crinita'' (Carmichael) Batters, ''Ectocarpus crinitus'' Carmichael 1833, (False Bay, Eastern Cape) *'' Feldmannia irregularis'' (Kützing) G.Hamel 1939, syn. ''Ectocarpus irregularis'' Kützing 1845, ''Giffordia irregularis'' (Kützing) Joly 1965, ''Hincksia irregularis'' (Kützing) Amsler 1991, (Cape Peninsula, Langebaan lagoon and Eastern Cape) *'' Hincksia granulosa'' (Smith) P.C.Silva in P.C.Silva, E.G.Meñez & R.L.Moe 1987, ''Conferva granulosa'' Smith 1811, ''Ectocarpus granulosus'' (Smith) C.Agardh 1828, ''Giffordia granulosa'' (Smith) G.Hamel 1939, (Muizenberg and Oudekraal, also Namibia)


Family

Chordariaceae Chordariaceae is a family of brown algae. Members of this family are may be filamentous, crustose with fused cells at the base, or they may be terete and differentiated into a central medulla and an outer photosynthetic cortex. They have a spo ...

*'' Asperococcus compressus'' A.W.Griffiths ex W.J.Hooker 1833, (Table Bay) *Brown brains '' Leathesia marina'' (Lyngbye) Decaisne 1842, syn. ''Chaetophora marina'' Lyngbye 1819, ''
Leathesia difformis ''Leathesia difformis'', is a synonym for ''Leathesia marina'' (Lyngbye) Decaisne, 1842, commonly known as the sea cauliflower and the sea potato. It is a species of littoral brown algae in the class Phaeophyceae and the order Ectocarpales whic ...
'' (Linnaeus) J.E. Areschoug 1847, (All South African coasts: common on west coast, intermittent in eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal) *'' Myriocladia capensis'' J. Agardh 1848, (Port Nolloth to De Hoop Nature Reserve, endemic) *'' Myriogloea abbreviata'' Kylin 1940, (Sea Point to Port Nolloth, endemic) *'' Myriogloea papenfussii'' Kylin 1940, (False Bay to Melkbosstrand, endemic) * ''Myrionema'' cf. ''magnusii'' (Sauvageau) Loiseaux 1967, syn. ''Ascocyclus magnusii'' Sauvageau 1927, (Glencairn) *'' Papenfussiella gracilis'' Kylin 1940, (Platboombaai to Swakopmund, Namibia. Endemic to southern Africa) *'' Streblonema codii'' vel. aff. Barton 1896, (Betty's Bay) * ''Streblonema'' cf. ''nemastomae'' Baardseth 1941, (Port Nolloth, Hondeklipbaai) *'' Streblonema transfixum'' Setchell & Gardner 1922b, (Port Nolloth and Hondeklip Bay) *'' Zeacarpa leiomorpha'' Anderson, Simons & Bolton 1988, (Yzerfontein to Dalebrook, Probably more widespread)


Family Chordariopsidaceae

*Cape cord weed '' Chordariopsis capensis'' (C.Agardh) Kylin 1940, syn. ''Chordaria flagelliformis'' var. ''capensis'' C.Agardh 1824, (Cape Frio, Namibia to at least Arniston)


Family

Ectocarpaceae Ectocarpaceae is a family of brown algae Brown algae (singular: alga), comprising the class Phaeophyceae, are a large group of multicellular algae, including many seaweeds located in colder waters within the Northern Hemisphere. Brown algae ar ...

*'' Ectocarpus acutus'' Setchell & Gardner 1922c, (Olifantsbos to Hondeklipbaai) *'' Ectocarpus fasciculatus'' Harvey 1841, (Melkbosstrand to De Hoop) *''
Ectocarpus siliculosus ''Ectocarpus siliculosus'' is a filamentous brown alga. Its genome was the first brown macroalgal genome to be sequenced, with the expectation that ''E. siliculosus'' will serve as a genetic and genomic model for brown macroalgae. Ecology Th ...
'' (Dillwyn) Lyngbye 1819, syn. ''Conferva siliculosa'' Dillwyn 1809, ''Ceramium siliculosum'' (Dillwyn) C.Agardh 1811, ''Ectocarpus confervoides'' f. ''siliculosus'' (Dillwyn) Kjellman 1872, ''Ectocarpus confervoides'' var. ''siliculosus'' (Dillwyn) Farlow 1881, (Port Nolloth to Eastern Cape)


Family: Pylaiellaceae

*'' Bachelotia antillarum'' (Grunow) Gerloff 1959, syn. ''Ectocarpus antillarum'' Grunow 1867, ''Pylaiella antillarum'' (Grunow) De Toni 1895, (False Bay to KwaZulu-Natal)


Family

Scytosiphonaceae Scytosiphonaceae is a family of brown algae Brown algae (singular: alga), comprising the class Phaeophyceae, are a large group of multicellular algae, including many seaweeds located in colder waters within the Northern Hemisphere. Brown algae ...

*'' Chnoospora minima'' (Hering) Papenfuss 1956, syn. ''Fucus minimus'' Hering 1841, (Dwesa (about 80 km west of Poert St. Johns) eastward into Mozambique) *Oyster thief '' Colpomenia sinuosa'' (Mertens ex Roth) Derbès & Solier in Castagne 1851, syn. ''Ulva sinuosa'' Mertens ex Roth 1806, ''Encoelium sinuosum'' (Mertens ex Roth) C.Agardh 1820, ''Stilophora sinuosa'' (Mertens ex Roth) C.Agardh 1827, ''Asperococcus sinuosus'' (Mertens ex Roth) Bory de Saint-Vincent 1832, ''Asperococcus sinuosus'' (C.Agardh) Zanardini 1841, ''Hydroclathrus sinuosus'' (Mertens ex Roth) Zanardini 1843, (Throughout South Africa) * ''Compsonema'' cf. ''sessile'' Setchell & Gardner 1922a, (Oudekraal) *Endarachne '' Endarachne binghamiae'' J.Agardh 1896' (False Bay eastwards to KwaZulu-Natal as far as Port Edward) *'' Hydroclathrus clathratus'' (C.Agardh) M.A.Howe in N.L.Britton & C.F.Millspaugh 1920, syn. ''Encoelium clathratum'' C.Agardh 1823, ''Stilophora clathrata (C.Agardh) C.Agardh 1827, ''Asperococcus clathratus'' (C.Agardh) J.Agardh 1848, (Northern KwaZulu-Natal from Sodwana northward) *Starred cushion '' Iyengaria stellata'' (Børgesen) Børgesen 1939, syn. ''Rosenvingea stellata'' Børgesen 1928, ''Colpomenia stellata'' (Børgesen) Børgesen 1930, (Southern Cape Peninsula to KwaZulu-Natal) *'' Petalonia fascia'' (O.F.Müller) Kuntze 1898, syn. ''Fucus fascia'' O.F.Müller 1778, ''Laminaria fascia'' (O.F.Müller) C.Agardh 1817, ''Ulva fascia'' (O.F.Müller) Lyngbye 1819, ''Ilea fascia'' (O.F.Müller) Fries 1835, ''Phyllitis fascia'' (O.F.Müller) Kützing 1843, ''Saccharina fascia'' (O.F.Müller) Kuntze 1891, (Yzerfontein to Soetwater) *'' Scytosiphon lomentaria'' (Lyngbye) Link 1833, ''Chorda lomentaria'' Lyngbye 1819, ''Scytosiphon filum'' var. ''lomentarius'' (Lyngbye) C.Agardh 1820, ''Fucus lomentarius'' (Lyngbye) Sommerfelt 1826, ''Scytosiphon simplicissimus'' (Clemente) Cremades 1990, ''Ulva simplicissima'' Clemente 1807, (Simon's Town to Lüderitz) *Sausage skins '' Scytosiphon simplicissimus'' (Clemente) Cremades in Cremades et Perez-Cirera 1990, syn. ''Ulva simplicissima'' Clemente 1807, (Simon's Town in False Bay to Lüderitz in Namibia)


Order:

Fucales The Fucales (fucoids) are an order in the brown algae (class Phaeophyceae). The list of families in the Fucales, as well as additional taxonomic information on algae, is publicly accessible at Algaebaseref name="Guiry and Guiry">Guiry, M.D. and ...


Family Bifurcariopsidaceae

*Upright wrack '' Bifurcariopsis capensis'' (Areschoug) Papenfuss 1940a, syn. ''Fucodium capense'' Areschoug 1854, ( Cape Infanta to
Groen River The Green River or Groen River ( af, Groenrivier) is a river in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. It originates in the Kamiesberge range and has a catchment area of about 4500 km2. The river mouth is located about 120 km NNW ...
)


Family

Sargassaceae Sargassaceae is a family of brown algae in the order Fucales The Fucales (fucoids) are an order in the brown algae (class Phaeophyceae). The list of families in the Fucales, as well as additional taxonomic information on algae, is publicly ac ...

*Long-leafed sargassum '' Anthophycus longifolius'' (Turner) Kützing, 1849 syn. ''Fucus longifolius'' Turner 1809, ''Sargassum longifolium'' (Turner) C.Agardh 1820, ''Carpophyllum longifolium'' (Turner) De Toni 1895, (Platboombaai eastwards as far as Uvongo in southern KwaZulu-Natal) *Constricted axils '' Axillariella constricta'' (J.Agardh) P.C.Silva 1959b, syn. ''Fucodium constrictum'' J.Agardh 1848, ''Ascophyllum constricta'' (J.Agardh) Kuntze 1891, ''Ascophylla constricta'' (Kützing) Kuntze 1891, (Cape Peninsula to Cape Columbine) *Hanging wrack '' Brassicophycus brassicaeformis'' (Kützing) Draisma, Ballesteros, F.Rousseau & T.Thibaut 2010, syn. ''Pycnophycus brassicaeformis'' Kützing 1860, ''Bifurcaria brassicaeformis'' (Kützing) E.S.Barton 1893, (Cape Agulhas to Sea Point) *'' Cystophora fibrosa'' Simons, 1970, (De Walle to Koppie Allen, and Platboom) *'' Hormophysa cuneiformis'' (J.F.Gmelin) P.C.Silva in P.C. Silva, Meñez & Moe 1987, syn. ''Fucus cuneiformis'' J.F.Gmelin 1792, (Rabbit Rock in northern KwaZulu-Natal northwards) *'' Polycladia myrica'' (S.G.Gmelin) Draima, Ballesteros, F.Rousseau & T.Thibaut 2010, syn. ''Fucus myrica'' S.G.Gemlin 1768, ''Cystoseira myrica'' (S.G.Gmelin) C.Agardh 1820, (as ''C.myrica'', Mission Rocks in KwaZulu-Natal northwards into Mozambique) *'' Sargassum aquifolium'' (Turner) C.Agardh 1820, syn. ''Fucus aquifolius'' Turner 1807, ''Sargassum crassifolium'' J.Agardh 1848, (Sodwana northwards) *'' Sargassum elegans'' Suhr, 1840, (False Bay to Mozambique. Endemic to southern Africa) *'' Sargassum incisifolium'' (Turner) C.Agardh 1820, syn. ''Fucus incisifolius'' Turner 1811, ''Sargassum heterophyllum'' (Turner) C.Agardh, 1820, (False Bay eastward into Mozambique. Restricted to Southern Africa and Madagascar) *'' Turbinaria ornata'' (Turner) J.Agardh 1848, syn. ''Fucus turbinatus'' var. ''ornata'' Turner 1807, ''Sargassum turbinatum'' var. ''ornatum'' (Turner) C.Agardh 1821, (Common from Sodwana Bay northwards but extending south as far as Durban)


Order:

Laminariales Kelps are large brown algae seaweeds that make up the order Laminariales. There are about 30 different genera. Despite its appearance, kelp is not a plant - it is a heterokont, a completely unrelated group of organisms. Kelp grows in "underw ...


Family

Laminariaceae Laminariaceae is a family of brown algal seaweed Seaweed, or macroalgae, refers to thousands of species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae. The term includes some types of '' Rhodophyta'' (red), ''Phaeophyta'' (brown) and ''Chlor ...

*Split-fan kelp '' Laminaria pallida'' Greville in J. Agardh 1848, ''Hafgygia pallida'' (Greville) Areschchoug 1883, ''Saccharina pallida'' (Greville) Kuntze 1891, (Danger Point to Cape Nolloth, as the ''schinzii'' form to at least Rocky Point in northern Namibia) *Bladder kelp ''
Macrocystis angustifolia ''Macrocystis'' is a monospecific genus of kelp (large brown algae). This genus contains the largest of all the phaeophyceae or brown algae. ''Macrocystis'' has pneumatocysts at the base of its blades. Sporophytes are perennial and the indiv ...
'' Bory de Saint-Vincent 1826, (Occasional in drift in False Bay. Attached from Cape Point to Paternoster)


Family

Lessoniaceae Lessoniaceae are a family of kelp. Species of this family have transition zone with intercalary meristem subdivided so that there are a number of secondary stipes in addition to the primary stipe. Genera and species *'' Ecklonia'' **'' Ecklonia ...

*Sea bamboo '' Ecklonia maxima'' (Osbeck) Papenfuss 1940b, syn. ''Fucus maximus'' Osbeck 1757, (Papenkuilsfontein 10 km west of Cape Agulhas to north of Lüderitz, Namibia) *Spined kelp '' Ecklonia radiata'' (C.Agardh) J.Agardh 1848, ''Laminaria radiata'' C.Agardh 1817, ''Capea radiata'' (C.Agardh) Endlicher 1843, (Forms with long stipes and rugose blades in False Bay, Spinose forms common at Die Dam, Otherwise species common from Koppie Allen to Southern Natal. Longer stiped smooth bladed form as far east as parts of Zululand)(Deep water populations extend to Sodwana Bay at depths up to 60m)


Order:

Ralfsiales Ralfsiales is an order of crustose brown algae Brown algae (singular: alga), comprising the class Phaeophyceae, are a large group of multicellular algae, including many seaweeds located in colder waters within the Northern Hemisphere. Brown a ...


Family Neoralfsiaceae

*'' Neoralfsia expansa'' (J.Agardh) P.-E.Lim & H.Kawai ex Kraft 2009, syn. ''Myrionema expansum'' J.Agardh 1847, ''Ralfsia expansa'' (J.Agardh) J.Agardh 1848, (unclear distribution)


Family

Ralfsiaceae Ralfsiaceae is a family of brown algae in the order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein t ...

*Ralfsia '' Ralfsia verrucosa'' (Areschoug) J.Agardh 1848, syn. ''Cruoria verrucosa'' Areschoug 1843, (Common on all west coast shores and probably throughout the Agulhas marine province)


Order:

Scytothamnales Scytothamnales is an order of brown algae Brown algae (singular: alga), comprising the class Phaeophyceae, are a large group of multicellular algae, including many seaweeds located in colder waters within the Northern Hemisphere. Brown algae ...


Family

Splachnidiaceae Splachnidiaceae is a family of brown algae in the order Scytothamnales Scytothamnales is an order of brown algae Brown algae (singular: alga), comprising the class Phaeophyceae, are a large group of multicellular algae, including many sea ...

*Dead man's fingers '' Splachnidium rugosum'' (Linnaeus) Greville 1830, (Dominant in mid-shore throughout west coast, Lüderitz, Namibia to eastern Cape)


Order:

Sphacelariales Sphacelariales is an order of brown algae Brown algae (singular: alga), comprising the class Phaeophyceae, are a large group of multicellular algae, including many seaweeds located in colder waters within the Northern Hemisphere. Brown algae ...


Family

Sphacelariaceae Sphacelariaceae is a family of algae belonging to the order Sphacelariales. Genera: * '' Battersia'' Reinke ex Batters, 1890 * '' Chaetopteris'' Kützing, 1843 * '' Herpodiscus'' G.R.South, 1974 * '' Onslowia'' * '' Sphacelaria'' Lyngbye, 1818 ...

*'' Sphacelaria brachygonia'' Montagne 1843, (St. James and Strandfontein, False Bay, More frequent on south coast as far as Transkei) *'' Sphacelaria rigidula'' Kützing 1843, (Kalk Bay in False Bay to at least Transkei)


Family Stypocaulaceae

*'' Phloiocaulon squamulosum'' (Suhr) Geyler 1866, (Betty's Bay to East London. Endemic) *'' Stypocaulon funiculare'' (Montagne) Kützing 1849, (Port Nolloth to Cape Agulhas and Tsitsikamma)


Order:

Sporochnales Sporochnacaeae is the only family in the order Sporochnales in the brown algae Brown algae (singular: alga), comprising the class Phaeophyceae, are a large group of multicellular algae, including many seaweeds located in colder waters within ...


Family

Sporochnaceae Sporochnacaeae is the only family in the order Sporochnales in the brown algae Brown algae (singular: alga), comprising the class Phaeophyceae, are a large group of multicellular algae, including many seaweeds located in colder waters within ...

*'' Carpomitra costata'' (Stackhouse) Batters 1902, (Algoa Bay. Vulcan Rock, Hout Bay) *'' Sporochnus pedunculatus'' (Hudson) C. Agardh 1820,M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2012. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=64; searched on 26 February 2012 (Strandfontein)


See also

* *


Geographical position of places mentioned in species ranges

* Algoa Bay,
Eastern Cape The Eastern Cape is one of the provinces of South Africa. Its capital is Bhisho, but its two largest cities are East London and Gqeberha. The second largest province in the country (at 168,966 km2) after Northern Cape, it was formed in ...
, *
Aliwal shoal The Aliwal Shoal is a rocky reef which is the remains of an ancient sand dune approximately off the coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The reef is inhabited by many kinds of hard and soft corals and other marine invertebrates, and a variety o ...
,
KwaZulu-Natal KwaZulu-Natal (, also referred to as KZN and known as "the garden province") is a province of South Africa that was created in 1994 when the Zulu bantustan of KwaZulu ("Place of the Zulu" in Zulu) and Natal Province were merged. It is locate ...
, * Arniston (Waenhuiskrans),
Western Cape The Western Cape is a province of South Africa, situated on the south-western coast of the country. It is the fourth largest of the nine provinces with an area of , and the third most populous, with an estimated 7 million inhabitants in 2020 ...
, *
Betty's Bay Betty's Bay is a small holiday town situated on the Overberg coast of South Africa's Western Cape province. It is located 100 km from Cape Town beneath the Kogelberg Mountains on the scenic R44 ocean drive between Pringle Bay and Kleinmond. Th ...
, Western Cape, * Bhanga Neck, KwaZulu-Natal, * Bird Island, Eastern Cape, * Blaauwberg, Western Cape, *Black Rock, Northern KwaZulu-Natal, * Brandfontein, Western Cape, * Buffelsbaai (Cape Peninsula), Western Cape, * Buffelsbaai (west coast), Western Cape, * Buffelsbaai (south coast), Western Cape, *
Cape Agulhas Cape Agulhas (; pt, Cabo das Agulhas , "Cape of the Needles") is a rocky headland in Western Cape, South Africa. It is the geographic southern tip of the African continent and the beginning of the dividing line between the Atlantic and Indian ...
, Western Cape, *
Cape Columbine Cape Columbine is well known for its lighthouse, the last staffed lighthouse built on the South African coast The Cape Columbine Lighthouse was commissioned on October 1, 1936. Both the headland and lighthouse derive their name from the barque C ...
, Western Cape, *
Cape Frio Cabo Frio (, ''Cold Cape'') is a tourist destination located in the state of Rio de Janeiro state. It was founded by the Portuguese on November 13, 1615. The Brazilian coast runs east from Rio de Janeiro to Cabo Frio where it turns sharply nort ...
, Namibia, *
Cape of Good Hope The Cape of Good Hope ( af, Kaap die Goeie Hoop ) ;''Kaap'' in isolation: pt, Cabo da Boa Esperança is a rocky headland on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula in South Africa. A common misconception is that the Cape of Good Hope is t ...
, Western Cape, (sometimes used historically to refer to the
Cape Province The Province of the Cape of Good Hope ( af, Provinsie Kaap die Goeie Hoop), commonly referred to as the Cape Province ( af, Kaapprovinsie) and colloquially as The Cape ( af, Die Kaap), was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequen ...
, or South Africa) *
Cape Peninsula The Cape Peninsula ( af, Kaapse Skiereiland) is a generally mountainous peninsula that juts out into the Atlantic Ocean at the south-western extremity of the African continent. At the southern end of the peninsula are Cape Point and the Cape of ...
, Western Cape *
Cape Hangklip Pringle Bay ( af, Pringlebaai) is a small, affluent coastal village in the Overberg region of the Western Cape, in South Africa. It is situated at the foot of Hangklip, on the opposite side of False Bay from Cape Point. The town and surrounds are p ...
, Western Cape, * Cape Infanta, Western Cape, *
Clovelly Clovelly () is a privately-owned harbour village in the Torridge district of Devon, England. The settlement and surrounding land belongs to John Rous who inherited it from his mother in 1983. He belongs to the Hamlyn family who have managed t ...
, False Bay, Western Cape, * Dalebrook, False Bay, Western Cape, * Danger Point, Western Cape, * De Hoop, Western Cape, (just west of Cape Infanta) *De Walle, ( Die Walle), (Just west of Agulhas) °'S °'E * Die Dam ( Quoin Point), Western Cape, *Doring Bay (
Doringbaai Doringbaai is a settlement in West Coast District Municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Doringbaai, previously known as Doornbaai, is a small fishing village. The main economic activity is the packaging and export of crayfish ...
), Western Cape, *
Durban Durban ( ) ( zu, eThekwini, from meaning 'the port' also called zu, eZibubulungwini for the mountain range that terminates in the area), nicknamed ''Durbs'',Ishani ChettyCity nicknames in SA and across the worldArticle on ''news24.com'' from ...
, KwaZulu-Natal, * Dwesa, Eastern Cape, * East London, Eastern Cape, *
False Bay False Bay (Afrikaans ''Valsbaai'') is a body of water in the Atlantic Ocean between the mountainous Cape Peninsula and the Hottentots Holland Mountains in the extreme south-west of South Africa. The mouth of the bay faces south and is demarcat ...
, Western Cape, * Glencairn, False Bay, Western Cape, *Groenrivier (
Groen River The Green River or Groen River ( af, Groenrivier) is a river in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. It originates in the Kamiesberge range and has a catchment area of about 4500 km2. The river mouth is located about 120 km NNW ...
), *Groot Bergrivier estuary (
Berg River The Berg River (also called Great Berg River or in Afrikaans: Bergrivier) is a river located just north of Cape Town in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. It is approximately 294 km (183 mi) long with a catchment area of 7,715& ...
,
Velddrif Velddrif (the name of the town) or Velddrift (the name of the farm on which the town was established), is a coastal fishing town in the Bergrivier Local Municipality, Western Cape, South Africa. The town had a population 7800 in 2007 and is located ...
), Western Cape, *
Haga Haga Haga Haga is a village on the Eastern Cape Wild Coast of South Africa, 60 km east of East London. The village has been declared a conservancy owing to a number of rare indigenous species found in the area, such as the Cape clawless otte ...
, Eastern Cape (N of E.London) *The Haven, Eastern Cape, 150 km west of
Port St. Johns Port St. Johns (or Port Saint Johns) is a town of about 6,500 people on the Wild Coast in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It is situated at the mouth of the Umzimvubu River, northeast of East London and east of Mthatha. Port St. Jo ...
, *
Hermanus Hermanus (originally called ''Hermanuspietersfontein'', but shortened in 1902 as the name was too long for the postal service
, Western Cape, * Hluleka, Eastern Cape, *
Hondeklipbaai Hondeklip Bay ( af, Hondeklipbaai, which translates as ''dog stone bay'') is a coastal village in the Namakwa district of the Northern Cape province of South Africa. It lies about 95 km south west of the district capital Springbok. This vi ...
, Northern Cape, *
Hout Bay Hout Bay ( af, Houtbaai, meaning "Wood Bay") is a harbour town in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It is situated in a valley on the Atlantic seaboard of the Cape Peninsula, twenty kilometres south of Cape Town. The name "Hout Bay" can ...
, Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, *
Isipingo Isipingo is a town situated south of Durban in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and currently forms part of eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality. The town is named after the Siphingo River, which in turn is thought to be named (in the Zulu language) f ...
, KwaZulu-Natal, * Island Rock, KwaZulu-Natal, *
Kalk Bay Kalk Bay (Afrikaans: ''Kalkbaai'') is a fishing village on the coast of False Bay, South Africa and is now a suburb of greater Cape Town. It lies between the ocean and sharply rising mountainous heights that are buttressed by crags of grey Table M ...
, False Bay, Western Cape, *
Kei River The Great Kei River is a river in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It is formed by the confluence of the Black Kei River and White Kei River, northeast of Cathcart. It flows for and ends in the Great Kei Estuary at the Indian Ocean wi ...
, Eastern Cape, *
Kenton-on-Sea Kenton-on-Sea, more commonly known as Kenton, is a small coastal town on the Sunshine Coast, in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. It is situated between the Bushmans and the Kariega Rivers, and lies approximately halfway between the industria ...
, Eastern Cape, * Keurboomstrand, Plettenberg Bay, Western Cape, *
Knysna Knysna () is a town with 76,150 inhabitants (2019 mid-year estimates) in the Western Cape province of South Africa. and is one of the destinations on the loosely defined Garden Route tourist route. It lies at 34° 2' 6.3168'' S and 23° 2' 47 ...
, Western Cape, *
Kommetjie Kommetjie (Afrikaans for "small basin," approximately pronounced ''cawma-key'') is a small town near Cape Town, in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It lies about halfway down the west coast of the Cape Peninsula, at the southern end of ...
, Western Cape, *Koppie Alleen, De Hoop, Western Cape, °'S °'E *
Kosi Bay Kosi Bay is a series of four interlinked lakes in the Maputaland area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Ecology The lakes form part of the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The closest town is Manguzi, some away from it. K ...
, Kwa-Zulu-Natal, *
Kowie River The Kowie River (Coyi in Xhosa) is a river in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. It has its source in the hills of the "Grahamstown Heights" from where it flows in a south-easterly direction draining the major part of the Bathurst region, reaching ...
, Eastern Cape, * Kraalbaai, Langebaan lagoon, Western Cape, * Lala Nek, KwaZulu-Natal, *
Lamberts Bay Lambert's Bay is a small fishing town in the Western Cape province of South Africa situated north of Cape Town. It is part of the Cederberg Municipality. The coast town has been proclaimed 'the Diamond of the West Coast' because of its white bea ...
, Western Cape, *Leadsman shoal, KwaZulu-Natal, *
Langebaan Langebaan is a town in the Western Cape province of South Africa on the eastern shore of Langebaan Lagoon. Langebaan is situated 120 km north of Cape Town, just off the R27, about 28 km from Vredenburg and 20 km from Saldanha Bay. ...
Lagoon, Western Cape, * Llandudno, Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, *
Lüderitz Lüderitz is a town in the ǁKaras Region of southern Namibia. It lies on one of the least hospitable coasts in Africa. It is a port developed around Robert Harbour and Shark Island. The town is known for its colonial architecture, includi ...
, Namibia, * Mabibi, Kwa-Zulu-Natal, * Mapelane, Maphelana, KwaZulu-Natal, near St. Lucia, *
Melkbosstrand Melkbosstrand (Afrikaans for "Milkbush beach") is a coastal town located on the South West Coast of South Africa, 30 km north of Cape Town. It forms part of the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality, the municipality governing Cape T ...
, Western Cape, * Mission Rocks, KwaZulu-Natal, * Mkambati, KwaZulu-Natal, *
Morgan's Bay Morgan Bay is a village in Amathole District Municipality in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The holiday village of Morgan Bay was given its current name in 1822, when it was named after A.F. Morgan, the master of the Barracouta, a su ...
, Eastern Cape, (Near Kei mouth) * Möwe Bay, Namibia, (Möwe Point lighthouse) *
Mtwalume river The Mtwalume River is in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The river arises near Highflats, and has the tributaries Mgeni and Quhu. References Rivers of KwaZulu-Natal {{SouthAfrica-river-stub ...
, KwaZulu-Natal, °'S °'E * Noordhoek, Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, *
Muizenberg Muizenberg ( , Dutch for "mice mountain") is a beach-side town in the Western Cape, South Africa. It is situated where the shore of the Cape Peninsula curves round to the east on the False Bay coast. It is considered to be the main surfing spo ...
, False Bay, Western Cape, * Oatlands Point, False Bay, Western Cape, * Oudekraal, Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, * Olifantsbos, Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, * Palm Beach, South Africa, *
Park Rynie Park Rynie is a small resort town on the South Coast of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. It was established in 1857 and possibly named after Renetta (nicknamed Rynie) Hoets, wife of one of the John Phillip Hoffman, partner in the firm Nosworthy ...
, KwaZulu-Natal, *
Paternoster ''Pater Noster'', or the Lord's Prayer, is a prayer in Christianity. Pater Noster or Paternoster may also refer to: Places * Paternoster, Western Cape, a fishing village in South Africa * Paternosters, uninhabitable rocks in the Bailiwick of Jer ...
, Western Cape, * Papenkuilsfontein, Western Cape, 10 km west of Agulhas °'S °'E *
Pearly Beach Pearly Beach is a village in Overberg District Municipality in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. An area where the southern right whale (''Eubalaena australis'') comes to calve and mate along its migratory route (June – October). Thes ...
, Western Cape, * Platbank, Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, * Platboombaai, *
Plettenberg Bay Plettenberg Bay, nicknamed Plet or Plett, is the primary town of the Bitou Local Municipality in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. As of the census of 2001, there were 29,149 population. It was originally named Bahia Formosa ("beautifu ...
, Western Cape, *
Ponta do Ouro Ponta do Ouro (also Ponta d'Ouro) is a town in the extreme south of Mozambique, lying on the Mozambique Channel, south of Maputo and just north of the border with South Africa. The name is Portuguese for "tip of gold", referring to a cape at the ...
, Mozambique border, *
Port Alfred A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Ha ...
, Eastern Cape, * Port Edward, KwaZulu-Natal *
Port Elizabeth Gqeberha (), formerly Port Elizabeth and colloquially often referred to as P.E., is a major seaport and the most populous city in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It is the seat of the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality, Sou ...
, Eastern Cape, * Port Nolloth, Northern Cape, *
Port St. Johns Port St. Johns (or Port Saint Johns) is a town of about 6,500 people on the Wild Coast in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. It is situated at the mouth of the Umzimvubu River, northeast of East London and east of Mthatha. Port St. Jo ...
, KwaZulu-Natal, * Postberg, Western Cape, * Protea Banks, KwaZulu-Natal, * Rabbit Rock, KwaZulu-Natal, °'S °'E * Robberg, Western Cape, * Rocky Point, Namibia, °'S °'E *
Saldanha Bay Saldanha Bay ( af, Saldanhabaai) is a natural harbour on the south-western coast of South Africa. The town that developed on the northern shore of the bay, also called Saldanha, was incorporated with five other towns into the Saldanha Bay Local Mu ...
, Western Cape, * Saxon Reef, KwaZulu-Natal, (near Mozambique border), °'S °'E *
Scarborough Scarborough or Scarboro may refer to: People * Scarborough (surname) * Earl of Scarbrough Places Australia * Scarborough, Western Australia, suburb of Perth * Scarborough, New South Wales, suburb of Wollongong * Scarborough, Queensland, su ...
, Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, *
Scottburgh Scottburgh () is a coastal resort town located on the south coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It situated south of the mouth of the Mpambanyoni River ''(confuser of birds).'' History Named after Natal Colony Governor John Scott, in 186 ...
, KwaZulu-Natal, *
Sea Point Sea Point (Afrikaans: ''Seepunt'') is one of Cape Town's most affluent and densely populated suburbs, situated between Signal Hill and the Atlantic Ocean, a few kilometres to the west of Cape Town's Central Business District (CBD). Moving from ...
, Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, *
Shelly Beach, KwaZulu-Natal Shelly Beach is a coastal resort town on the South Coast of the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa, located more or less halfway between Margate (8.5 km) and Port Shepstone (7.1 km). Geography Part of the greater Margate area, Shelly Beach ...
, KwaZulu-Natal, *
Simon's Town Simon's Town ( af, Simonstad), sometimes spelled Simonstown, is a town in the Western Cape, South Africa and is home to  Naval Base Simon's Town, the South African Navy's largest base. It is located on the shores of False Bay, on the eastern ...
, Western Cape, * Smitswinkel Bay, False Bay, Western Cape, *
Sodwana Bay Sodwana Bay is a bay in South Africa on the KwaZulu Natal north coast, between St. Lucia and Lake Sibhayi. It is in the Sodwana Bay National Park, and the Maputaland Marine Reserve, and is a popular recreational diving destination. The term is ...
, KwaZulu-Natal, * Soetwater, °'S °'E * Stilbaai (Still Bay), Western Cape, *
St Helena Bay Saint Helena Bay ( af, St. Helenabaai) is a settlement in West Coast District Municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Nicknamed by locals as ''Agterbaai'',''St Helena Bay.'' CapeWestCoast.org. http://www.capewestcoast.org/reg ...
, Western Cape, * St. James, False Bay, Western Cape, *
St Lucia Saint Lucia ( acf, Sent Lisi, french: Sainte-Lucie) is an island country of the West Indies in the eastern Caribbean. The island was previously called Iouanalao and later Hewanorra, names given by the native Arawaks and Caribs, two Amerindi ...
, KwaZulu-Natal, *
Strand Strand may refer to: Topography *The flat area of land bordering a body of water, a: ** Beach ** Shoreline * Strand swamp, a type of swamp habitat in Florida Places Africa * Strand, Western Cape, a seaside town in South Africa * Strand Street ...
, Western Cape, * Strandfontein, False Bay, Western Cape, * Strandfontein, Western Cape, *
Swakopmund Swakopmund (german: Mouth of the Swakop) is a city on the coast of western Namibia, west of the Namibian capital Windhoek via the B2 main road. It is the capital of the Erongo administrative district. The town has 44,725 inhabitants and covers ...
, Namibia, *
Swartklip Swartklip is a town in Waterberg District Municipality in the Limpopo province of South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastlin ...
, False Bay, Western Cape, *
Swartkops River Swartkops River, also Zwartskop River, (Afrikaans: ''black hills'') is a watercourse in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The source of the Swartkops is near Cockscombe Mountain, and it flows east into the Algoa Bay of the Indian Ocean ...
, *
Table Bay Table Bay (Afrikaans: ''Tafelbaai'') is a natural bay on the Atlantic Ocean overlooked by Cape Town (founded 1652 by Van Riebeeck) and is at the northern end of the Cape Peninsula, which stretches south to the Cape of Good Hope. It was named ...
, Western Cape, *
Three Anchor Bay Three Anchor Bay is a suburb of Cape Town in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Small anchorage in Table Bay. The name, first encountered in 1661, possibly refers to anchors securing chains stretched as defence across the bay. The form Dri ...
, Cape Peninsula, Western Cape, * Three Sisters (Eastern Cape), Riet River, 10 km west of Port Alfred, Eastern Cape, °'S °'E *
Trafalgar Trafalgar most often refers to: * Battle of Trafalgar (1805), fought near Cape Trafalgar, Spain * Trafalgar Square, a public space and tourist attraction in London, England It may also refer to: Music * ''Trafalgar'' (album), by the Bee Gees Pl ...
, KwaZulu-Natal, * Tsitsikamma, Eastern Cape, * Umhlali, KwaZulu-Natal, (mHlali river mouth) * Umpangazi, KwaZulu-Natal, (Cape Vidal?) *
Uvongo Uvongo is a seaside resort in the KwaZulu-Natal South Coast at the mouth of the Vungu River in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Uvongo is the largest upmarket residential area on the lower South Coast. The Vungu River has a waterfall that flows into ...
, KwaZulu-Natal, *
Waterloo Bay Waterloo Bay is an area of foreshore in Larne on the east coast of County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is of particular interest to geologists because it provides a clear, complete and accessible example of the sequences from Upper Triassic to ...
, Eastern Cape, *
Yzerfontein Yzerfontein, or Ysterfontein, is a small harbour town with about 1200 inhabitants on the west coast of South Africa about 90 km north of Cape Town. The name in Afrikaans means "Iron Fountain".The town started out when the farm 'Yzerfontein' ...
, Western Cape,


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Seaweeds South Africa
South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countri ...
South African biodiversity lists Marine biodiversity of South Africa