This is a list of the bird species recorded in Tanzania. The avifauna of

Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands and ...

included a total of 1156 confirmed species as of July 2023. Of them, 29 are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

, and four have been introduced by humans. One additional species is hypothetical as defined below; it and two proposed endemic species are not included in the counts. Unless otherwise noted, the list is that of Avibase. This list's

taxonomic Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...

treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (English and scientific names) are those of '' The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World'', 2022 edition.Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2022. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/updateindex/october-2022/ Retrieved November 1, 2022. The following tags highlight several categories of occurrence other than regular migrants and non-endemic residents. The notes of population status are from the Avibase ''Bird Checklists of the World''. * (A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Tanzania (also called a vagrant) * (E) Endemic - a species endemic to Tanzania * (I) Introduced - a species introduced to Tanzania as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions * (H) Hypothetical - a species possibly present but which has not been documented

Ostriches

Order: StruthioniformesFamily:

Struthionidae Struthionidae (; ) is a family of flightless birds, containing the extant ostriches and their extinct relatives. The two extant species of ostrich are the common ostrich and Somali ostrich, both in the genus ''Struthio'', which also contains seve ...

The ostriches are flightless birds native to Africa, and are the largest living species of bird. They are distinctive in their appearance, with a long neck and legs and the ability to run at high speeds. *

Common ostrich The common ostrich (''Struthio camelus''), or simply ostrich, is a species of flightless bird native to certain large areas of Africa and is the largest living bird species. It is one of two extant species of ostriches, the only living members o ...

, ''Struthio camelus''

Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

Order:

Anseriformes Anseriformes is an order of birds also known as waterfowl that comprises about 180 living species of birds in three families: Anhimidae (three species of screamers), Anseranatidae (the magpie goose), and Anatidae, the largest family, which in ...

Family:

Anatidae The Anatidae are the biological family of water birds that includes ducks, geese, and swans. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on all the world's continents except Antarctica. These birds are adapted for swimming, floating ...

Anatidae includes the

duck Duck is the common name for numerous species of waterfowl in the family Anatidae. Ducks are generally smaller and shorter-necked than swans and geese, which are members of the same family. Divided among several subfamilies, they are a form t ...

s and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and

swan Swans are birds of the family (biology), family Anatidae within the genus ''Cygnus''. The swans' closest relatives include the goose, geese and ducks. Swans are grouped with the closely related geese in the subfamily Anserinae where they form t ...

s. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating. * White-faced whistling-duck, ''Dendrocygna viduata'' * Fulvous whistling-duck, ''Dendrocygna bicolor'' *

White-backed duck The white-backed duck (''Thalassornis leuconotus'') is a waterbird of the family Anatidae. It is distinct from all other ducks, but most closely related to the whistling ducks in the subfamily Dendrocygninae, though also showing some similarities ...

, ''Thalassornis leuconotus'' * Knob-billed duck, ''Sarkidiornis melanotos'' *

Egyptian goose The Egyptian goose (''Alopochen aegyptiaca'') is a member of the duck, goose, and swan family Anatidae. It is native to Africa south of the Sahara and the Nile Valley. Egyptian geese were considered sacred by the Ancient Egyptians, and appeared ...

, ''Alopochen aegyptiaca'' * Spur-winged goose, ''Plectropterus gambensis'' *

African pygmy-goose The African pygmy goose (''Nettapus auritus'') is a perching duck from sub-Saharan Africa. It is the smallest of Africa's waterfowl Anseriformes is an order of birds also known as waterfowl that comprises about 180 living species of birds ...

, ''Nettapus auritus'' * Garganey, ''Spatula querquedula'' *

Blue-billed teal The blue-billed teal, spotted teal or Hottentot teal (''Spatula hottentota'') is a species of dabbling duck of the genus ''Spatula''. It is migratory resident in eastern and southern Africa, from Sudan and Ethiopia west to Niger and Nigeria and ...

, ''Spatula hottentota'' *

Cape shoveler The Cape shoveler or Cape shoveller (''Spatula smithii'') is a species of dabbling duck of the genus ''Spatula''. It is resident in South Africa, and uncommon further north in Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, southern Angola, Lesotho, Mozambique, ...

, ''Spatula smithii'' (A) *

Northern shoveler The northern shoveler (; ''Spatula clypeata''), known simply in Britain as the shoveler, is a common and widespread duck. It breeds in northern areas of Europe and across the Palearctic and across most of North America, wintering in southern Euro ...

, ''Spatula clypeata'' *

Gadwall The gadwall (''Mareca strepera'') is a common and widespread dabbling duck in the family Anatidae. Taxonomy The gadwall was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae''. DNA studies have shown that ...

, ''Mareca strepera'' * Eurasian wigeon, ''Mareca penelope'' *

African black duck The African black duck (''Anas sparsa'') is a species of duck of the genus ''Anas''. It is genetically closest to the mallard group, but shows some peculiarities in its behavior and (as far as they can be discerned) plumage; it is accordingly pla ...

, ''Anas sparsa'' * Yellow-billed duck, ''Anas undulata'' * Cape teal, ''Anas capensis'' *

Red-billed duck The red-billed teal or red-billed duck (''Anas erythrorhyncha'') is a dabbling duck which is an abundant resident breeder in southern and eastern Africa typically south of 10° S. This duck is not migratory, but will fly great distances to fin ...

, ''Anas erythrorhyncha'' *

Northern pintail The pintail or northern pintail (''Anas acuta'') is a duck species with wide geographic distribution that breeds in the northern areas of Europe and across the Palearctic and North America. It is migratory and winters south of its breeding ra ...

, ''Anas acuta'' *

Green-winged teal The green-winged teal (''Anas carolinensis'') is a common and widespread duck that breeds in the northern areas of North America except on the Aleutian Islands. It was considered Conspecificity, conspecific with the Eurasian teal (''A. crecca'') ...

, ''Anas crecca'' * Southern pochard, ''Netta erythrophthalma'' * Common pochard, ''Aythya ferina'' (A) (vulnerable) *

Tufted duck The tufted duck or tufted pochard (''Aythya fuligula'') is a small diving duck with a population of close to one million birds, found in northern Eurasia. The scientific name is derived from Ancient Greek '' aithuia'', an unidentified seabird ment ...

, ''Aythya fuligula'' *

Maccoa duck The Maccoa duck (''Oxyura maccoa'') is a stiff-tailed diving duck found across Eastern and Southern Africa. Description As members of the stiff-tailed duck group, Maccoas are often found wading in the water with their tail feathers cocked upwar ...

, ''Oxyura maccoa'' (vulnerable)

Guineafowl

Order:

Galliformes Galliformes is an order of heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds that includes turkeys, chickens, quail, and other landfowl. Gallinaceous birds, as they are called, are important in their ecosystems as seed dispersers and predators, and are often ...

Family: Numididae Guineafowl are a group of African seed-eating, ground-nesting birds that resemble partridges, but with featherless heads and spangled grey plumage. * Helmeted guineafowl, ''Numida meleagris'' *

Vulturine guineafowl The vulturine guineafowl (''Acryllium vulturinum'') is the largest extant species of guineafowl. Systematically, it is only distantly related to other guineafowl genera. Its closest living relative, the white breasted guineafowl, ''Agelastes ...

, ''Acryllium vulturinum'' * Eastern crested guineafowl, ''Guttera pucherani'' * Southern crested guineafowl, ''Guttera edouardi''

Pheasants, grouse, and allies

Order:

Family:

Phasianidae The Phasianidae are a family (biology), family of heavy, ground-living birds, which includes pheasants, partridges, junglefowl, chickens, Turkey bird, turkeys, Old World quail, and peafowl. The family includes many of the most popular Game (hunti ...

The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of quails, partridges, snowcocks, francolins,

spurfowl Spurfowl are two genera of birds: * ''Galloperdix'', from India and Sri Lanka * ''Pternistis ''Pternistis'' is a genus of galliform birds formerly classified in the spurfowl group of the partridge subfamily of the pheasant family. They are d ...

tragopan ''Tragopan'' is a bird genus in the pheasant family Phasianidae. Member of the genus are commonly called "horned pheasants" because males have two brightly colored, fleshy horns on their head that can be erected during courtship displays. The ha ...

s, monals, pheasants, peafowls, and jungle fowls. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings. * Udzungwa partridge, ''Xenoperdix udzungwensis'' (E) (endangered) * Latham's francolin, ''Peliperdix lathami'' *

Crested francolin The crested francolin (''Ortygornis sephaena'') is a species of bird in the family Phasianidae. It is found in southern Africa. One of its subspecies, ''Ortygornis sephaena rovuma'', is sometimes considered a separate species, Kirk's francolin. ...

, ''Ortygornis sephaena'' * Coqui francolin, ''Campocolinus coqui'' *

Ring-necked francolin The ring-necked francolin (''Scleroptila streptophora'') is a bird species in the family Phasianidae. It is found in Burundi, Cameroon, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda. Rarer than previously believed, it is uplisted from a species of Least C ...

, ''Scleroptila streptophora'' * Red-winged francolin, ''Scleroptila levaillantii'' (near-threatened) * Shelley's francolin, ''Scleroptila shelleyi'' * Blue quail, ''Synoicus adansonii'' * Common quail, ''Coturnix coturnix'' *

Harlequin quail The harlequin quail (''Coturnix delegorguei'') is a species of bird in the family Phasianidae. It occurs in sub-Saharan Africa and in the Arabian Peninsula.Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sull ...

, ''Coturnix delegorguei'' *

Hildebrandt's francolin Hildebrandt's spurfowl (''Pternistis hildebrandti'') is a species of bird in the family Phasianidae. It is found in Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Zambia. The species is named for Johan ...

, ''Pternistis hildebrandti'' * Scaly francolin, ''Pternistis squamatus'' *

Yellow-necked francolin The yellow-necked spurfowl or yellow-necked francolin (''Pternistis leucoscepus'') is a species of bird in the family Phasianidae. It is found in Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. This species is named for ...

, ''Pternistis leucoscepus'' * Gray-breasted francolin, ''Pternistis rufopictus'' (E) * Red-necked francolin, ''Pternistis afer''

Flamingos

Order: PhoenicopteriformesFamily: Phoenicopteridae Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down. * Greater flamingo, ''Phoenicopterus roseus'' * Lesser flamingo, ''Phoeniconaias minor'' (near-threatened)

Grebes

Order: PodicipediformesFamily: Podicipedidae

Grebe Grebes () are aquatic diving birds in the order Podicipediformes . Grebes are widely distributed freshwater birds, with some species also found in marine habitats during migration and winter. Some flightless species exist as well, most notably ...

s are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land. * Little grebe, ''Tachybaptus ruficollis'' * Great crested grebe, ''Podiceps cristatus'' *

Eared grebe The black-necked grebe or eared grebe (''Podiceps nigricollis'') is a member of the grebe family of water birds. It was described in 1831 by Christian Ludwig Brehm. There are currently three accepted subspecies, including the nominate subspeci ...

, ''Podiceps nigricollis''

Pigeons and doves

Order:

Columbiformes Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...

Family:

Columbidae Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere. * Rock pigeon, ''Columba livia'' (I) *

Speckled pigeon The speckled pigeon (''Columba guinea''), or (African) rock pigeon, is a pigeon that is a resident breeding bird in much of Africa south of the Sahara. It is a common and widespread species in open habitats over much of its range, although there ...

, ''Columba guinea'' *

Afep pigeon The afep pigeon (''Columba unicincta''), also known as the African wood-pigeon or gray wood-pigeon, is a member of the family Columbidae which lives in the Equatorial Forests of Africa. Taxonomy The afep pigeon was described by the American orni ...

, ''Columba unicincta'' (A) *

Rameron pigeon The African olive pigeon or Rameron pigeon (''Columba arquatrix'') is a pigeon which is a resident breeding bird in much of eastern and southern Africa from Ethiopia to the Cape. Populations also are found in western Angola, southwestern Saudi Ara ...

, ''Columba arquatrix'' *

Delegorgue's pigeon The eastern bronze-naped pigeon (''Columba delegorguei'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Angola, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. It is part of the ''Turt ...

, ''Columba delegorguei'' *

Lemon dove The lemon dove or cinnamon dove (''Columba larvata'') is a species of bird in the pigeon family Columbidae found in montane forests of sub-Saharan Africa. The São Tomé lemon dove is usually treated as a subspecies. The lemon dove has a generall ...

, ''Columba larvata'' * European turtle-dove, ''Streptopelia turtur'' (A) (vulnerable) * Dusky turtle-dove, ''Streptopelia lugens'' * Mourning collared-dove, ''Streptopelia decipiens'' *

Red-eyed dove The red-eyed dove (''Streptopelia semitorquata'') is a dove that is a widespread and common in Sub-Saharan Africa. It has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List since 2004. Taxonomy The red-eyed dove was formally described by the G ...

, ''Streptopelia semitorquata'' *

Ring-necked dove The ring-necked dove (''Streptopelia capicola''), also known as the Cape turtle dove or half-collared dove, is a widespread and often abundant dove species in East and southern Africa. It is a mostly sedentary bird, found in a variety of open ha ...

, ''Streptopelia capicola'' * Laughing dove, ''Streptopelia senegalensis'' * Emerald-spotted wood-dove, ''Turtur chalcospilos'' * Blue-spotted wood-dove, ''Turtur afer'' *

Tambourine dove The tambourine dove (''Turtur tympanistria'') is a pigeon which is a widespread resident breeding bird in woodlands and other thick vegetation in Africa south of the Sahara Desert. Its range extends from Senegal east to Ethiopia and Kenya and sou ...

, ''Turtur tympanistria'' *

Namaqua dove The Namaqua dove (''Oena capensis'') is a small pigeon. It is the only species in the genus ''Oena.'' It is found over much of Sub-Saharan Africa as well as Arabia and Madagascar. Taxonomy The Namaqua dove is the only species in the monotypic g ...

, ''Oena capensis'' * Pemba green-pigeon, ''Treron pembaensis'' (E) (vulnerable) * African green-pigeon, ''Treron calvus''

Sandgrouse

Order:

Pterocliformes Sandgrouse is the common name for Pteroclidae , a family of sixteen species of bird, members of the order Pterocliformes . They are traditionally placed in two genera. The two central Asian species are classified as '' Syrrhaptes'' and the othe ...

Family:

Pteroclidae Sandgrouse is the common name for Pteroclidae , a family of sixteen species of bird, members of the order Pterocliformes . They are traditionally placed in two genera. The two central Asian species are classified as '' Syrrhaptes'' and the other ...

Sandgrouse have small pigeon-like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes. *

Chestnut-bellied sandgrouse The chestnut-bellied sandgrouse or common sandgrouse (''Pterocles exustus'') is a species of sandgrouse. It is a sedentary and nomadic species that ranges from northern and central Africa and further east towards western and southern Asia. There a ...

, ''Pterocles exustus'' *

Yellow-throated sandgrouse The yellow-throated sandgrouse (''Pterocles gutturalis'') is a species of bird in the family Pteroclidae. Range It is found in Angola, Botswana, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe Zimbabwe ( ...

, ''Pterocles gutturalis'' *

Black-faced sandgrouse The black-faced sandgrouse (''Pterocles decoratus'') is a species of bird in the Pteroclidae family. It is found in Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania, and Uganda. Subspecies There are three subspecies: *''P. d. decoratus'' - SE Kenya and E Tan ...

, ''Pterocles decoratus''

Bustards

Order: OtidiformesFamily: Otididae Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays. * Kori bustard, ''Ardeotis kori'' (near-threatened) *

Denham's bustard Denham's bustard, Stanley bustard or Stanley's bustard (''Neotis denhami'') is a large bird in the bustard family. It breeds in much of Sub-Saharan Africa. It is a species of open ground, including agricultural land, grassland, flood-plains and ...

, ''Neotis denhami'' (near-threatened) *

White-bellied bustard The white-bellied bustard or white-bellied korhaan (''Eupodotis senegalensis'') is an African species of bustard. It is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa in grassland and open woodland habitats. Description It is rather small for a bustard ...

, ''Eupodotis senegalensis'' * Buff-crested bustard, ''Lophotis gindiana'' * Black-bellied bustard, ''Lissotis melanogaster'' * Hartlaub's bustard, ''Lissotis hartlaubii''

Turacos

Order: MusophagiformesFamily: Musophagidae The turacos, plantain-eaters, and go-away-birds make up the family Musophagidae. They are medium-sized arboreal birds. The turacos and plantain-eaters are brightly colored, usually in blue, green, or purple. The go-away birds are mostly gray and white. * Great blue turaco, ''Corythaeola cristata'' *

Livingstone's turaco Livingstone's turaco (''Tauraco livingstonii'') is a species of bird in the family Musophagidae, which was named for Charles Livingstone, the brother of David Livingstone. It is distributed through the subtropical lowlands of southeastern Afric ...

, ''Tauraco livingstonii'' * Schalow's turaco, ''Tauraco schalowi'' * Black-billed turaco, ''Tauraco schuettii'' * Fischer's turaco, ''Tauraco fischeri'' (near-threatened) *

Hartlaub's turaco Hartlaub's turaco (''Tauraco hartlaubi'') is a species of bird in the family Musophagidae. It is found in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. The common name and Latin binomial commemorate the German physician and ornithologist Gustav Hartlaub Karel J ...

, ''Tauraco hartlaubi'' * Purple-crested turaco, ''Tauraco porphyreolophus'' * Ross's turaco, ''Musophaga rossae'' *

Bare-faced go-away-bird The bare-faced go-away-bird (''Crinifer personatus'') is a species of bird in the family Musophagidae which is native to the eastern Afrotropics. It is named for its distinctive and uniquely bare, black face. Description The sexes are similar, ...

, ''Corythaixoides personatus'' * Gray go-away-bird, ''Corythaixoides concolor'' *

White-bellied go-away-bird The white-bellied go-away-bird (''Crinifer leucogaster'') is a bird of eastern Africa in the family Musophagidae, commonly known as turacos. Taxonomy German naturalist Eduard Rüppell described this species in 1842. The white-bellied go-away- ...

, ''Corythaixoides leucogaster'' * Eastern plantain-eater, ''Crinifer zonurus''

Cuckoos

Order: CuculiformesFamily: Cuculidae The family Cuculidae includes

cuckoo Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes . The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals and anis. The coucals and anis are sometimes separ ...

s, roadrunners, and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails, and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are

brood parasite Brood parasites are animals that rely on others to raise their young. The strategy appears among birds, insects and fish. The brood parasite manipulates a host, either of the same or of another species, to raise its young as if it were its own ...

s. *

Senegal coucal The Senegal coucal (''Centropus senegalensis'') is a member of the cuckoo order of birds, the Cuculiformes, which also includes the roadrunners, the anis, and the hoatzin. It is a medium-sized member of its genus and is found in lightly-wooded c ...

, ''Centropus senegalensis'' *

Blue-headed coucal The blue-headed coucal (''Centropus monachus'') is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It is native to tropical central Africa where its typical habitat is swamps, river banks, forest edges and generally wet locations. It is a common bir ...

, ''Centropus monachus'' *

Coppery-tailed coucal The coppery-tailed coucal (''Centropus cupreicaudus'') is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It is found in Angola, Botswana, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. It was first described ...

, ''Centropus cupreicaudus'' * White-browed coucal, ''Centropus superciliosus'' * Black coucal, ''Centropus grillii'' *

Blue malkoha The blue malkoha or chattering yellowbill (''Ceuthmochares aereus'') is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It was formerly conspecific with the green malkoha until split in 2016. It is widely distributed across the African tropical rai ...

, ''Ceuthmochares aereus'' *

Green malkoha The green malkoha or whistling yellowbill (''Ceuthmochares australis'') is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. This species and the blue malkoha were previously considered conspecific and together known as the yellowbill. It has a green ...

, ''Ceuthmochares australis'' *

Great spotted cuckoo The great spotted cuckoo (''Clamator glandarius'') is a member of the cuckoo order of birds, the Cuculiformes, which also includes the roadrunners, the anis and the coucals. It is widely spread throughout Africa and the Mediterranean Basin. It i ...

, ''Clamator glandarius'' *

Levaillant's cuckoo Levaillant's cuckoo (''Clamator levaillantii'') is a cuckoo which is a resident breeding species in Africa south of the Sahara. It is found in bushy habitats. It is a brood parasite, using the nests of bulbuls and babblers. It was named in h ...

, ''Clamator levaillantii'' *

Pied cuckoo The Jacobin cuckoo (''Clamator jacobinus''), also pied cuckoo or pied crested cuckoo, is a member of the cuckoo order of birds that is found in Africa and Asia. It is partially migratory and in India, it has been considered a harbinger of the mons ...

, ''Clamator jacobinus'' * Thick-billed cuckoo, ''Pachycoccyx audeberti'' *

Dideric cuckoo The diederik cuckoo (''Chrysococcyx caprius''), formerly dideric cuckoo or didric cuckoo is a member of the cuckoo order of birds, the Cuculiformes, which also includes the roadrunners and the anis. Taxonomy The diederik cuckoo was described ...

, ''Chrysococcyx caprius'' * Klaas's cuckoo, ''Chrysococcyx klaas'' *

African emerald cuckoo The African emerald cuckoo (''Chrysococcyx cupreus'') is a species of cuckoo that is native to Africa. Taxonomy and phylogeny As a member of the family Cuculidae, the African emerald cuckoo is an Old World cuckoo. There are four subspecies, name ...

, ''Chrysococcyx cupreus'' *

Dusky long-tailed cuckoo The dusky long-tailed cuckoo (''Cercococcyx mechowi'') is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It is found in forests in Central Africa. The IUCN has assessed it as a least-concern species. Taxonomy The species was described by Jean Caba ...

, ''Cercococcyx mechowi'' *

Barred long-tailed cuckoo The barred long-tailed cuckoo (''Cercococcyx montanus'') is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes . The cuckoo family includes the common or European ...

, ''Cercococcyx montanus'' * Black cuckoo, ''Cuculus clamosus'' *

Red-chested cuckoo The red-chested cuckoo (''Cuculus solitarius'') is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It is a medium-sized bird found in Africa south of the Sahara. In Afrikaans, it is known as "Piet-my-vrou", after its call. Description The red-ches ...

, ''Cuculus solitarius'' *

Lesser cuckoo The lesser cuckoo (''Cuculus poliocephalus'') is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Laos, Malawi, Mya ...

, ''Cuculus poliocephalus'' *

African cuckoo The African cuckoo (''Cuculus gularis'') is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It is found in Sub-Saharan Africa where it migrates within the continent, generally arriving and breeding in any one locality during the rainy season. A fair ...

, ''Cuculus gularis'' *

Madagascar cuckoo The Madagascar cuckoo (''Cuculus rochii''), also known as the Madagascar lesser cuckoo, is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. Though it breeds only in Madagascar, it spends the non-breeding season in a number of countries in the African ...

, ''Cuculus rochii'' * Common cuckoo, ''Cuculus canorus''

Nightjars and allies

Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Caprimulgidae Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves. *

Pennant-winged nightjar The pennant-winged nightjar (''Caprimulgus vexillarius'') is a species of nightjar that occurs from Nigeria to northern South Africa. It is an intra-African migrant and displays remarkable sexual dimorphism in the breeding season. Range and ha ...

, ''Caprimulgus vexillarius'' *

Standard-winged nightjar The standard-winged nightjar (''Caprimulgus longipennis'') is a nocturnal bird in the nightjar family. Distribution and habitat It is a resident breeder in Africa from Senegal east to Ethiopia. It is found in dry savannah habitats, with some scr ...

, ''Caprimulgus longipennis'' (A) *

Eurasian nightjar The European nightjar (''Caprimulgus europaeus''), common goatsucker, Eurasian nightjar or just nightjar, is a crepuscular and nocturnality, nocturnal bird in the nightjar family that breeds across most of Europe and the Palearctic to Mongolia ...

, ''Caprimulgus europaeus'' *

Sombre nightjar The sombre nightjar (''Caprimulgus fraenatus'') is a species of nightjar Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal or crepuscular birds in the family Caprimulgidae and order Caprimulgiformes, characterised by long wings, short legs, and very sho ...

, ''Caprimulgus fraenatus'' *

Rufous-cheeked nightjar The rufous-cheeked nightjar (''Caprimulgus rufigena'') is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is an intra-African migrant that breeds in the south of its range. It spends the non-breeding season in eastern Nigeria, Cameroon, so ...

, ''Caprimulgus rufigena'' (A) *

Nubian nightjar The Nubian nightjar (''Caprimulgus nubicus'') is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Israel, Kenya, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, and Yemen Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَم ...

, ''Caprimulgus nubicus'' * Donaldson-Smith's nightjar, ''Caprimulgus donaldsoni'' * Fiery-necked nightjar, ''Caprimulgus pectoralis'' * Montane nightjar, ''Caprimulgus poliocephalus'' *

Swamp nightjar The swamp nightjar or Natal nightjar (''Caprimulgus natalensis'') is a crepuscular and nocturnal bird in the nightjar family found in Africa. Distribution and habitat It is found in Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Republic of the Cong ...

, ''Caprimulgus natalensis'' * Plain nightjar, ''Caprimulgus inornatus'' *

Freckled nightjar The freckled nightjar or freckled rock nightjar (''Caprimulgus tristigma'') is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It has a wide yet patchy distribution throughout the Afrotropics. Range and habitat This species occurs throughout ...

, ''Caprimulgus tristigma'' * Slender-tailed nightjar, ''Caprimulgus clarus'' * Square-tailed nightjar, ''Caprimulgus fossii''

Swifts

Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Apodidae Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang. * Mottled spinetail, ''Telacanthura ussheri'' * Bat-like spinetail, ''Neafrapus boehmi'' *

Scarce swift The scarce swift (''Schoutedenapus myoptilus'') is a species of Swift (bird), swift in the family Apodidae. It has a disjunct range of presence throughout the Afromontane : Cameroon line, Albertine Rift montane forests, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi a ...

, ''Schoutedenapus myoptilus'' *

Alpine swift The alpine swift (''Tachymarptis melba'') formerly ''Apus melba'', is a species of swift found in Africa, southern Europe and Asia. They breed in mountains from southern Europe to the Himalaya. Like common swifts, they are migratory; the souther ...

, ''Apus melba'' *

Mottled swift The mottled swift (''Tachymarptis aequatorialis'') is a species of bird in the swift family, Apodidae. It is one of two species in the genus '' Tachymarptis'' together with the alpine swift (''T. melba'').Chantler, Phil & Gerald Driessens (2000) ...

, ''Apus aequatorialis'' *

Common swift The common swift (''Apus apus'') is a medium-sized bird, superficially similar to the barn swallow or house martin but somewhat larger, though not stemming from those passerine species, being in the order Apodiformes. The resemblances between th ...

, ''Apus apus'' *

Nyanza swift The Nyanza swift (''Apus niansae'') is a species of swift in the family Apodidae. It is found in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. Identification The Nyanza swift, also known as the brown swift, is a medium ...

, ''Apus niansae'' *

African swift The African black swift (''Apus barbatus''), also known as the African swift or black swift, is a medium-sized bird in the swift family. It breeds in Africa discontinuously from Liberia, Cameroon, Zaire, Uganda and Kenya southwards to South Afri ...

, ''Apus barbatus'' *

Forbes-Watson's swift Forbes-Watson's swift (''Apus berliozi'') is a species of swift in the family Apodidae. It breeds in coastal areas of Somalia and the southern Arabian Peninsula and on the island of Socotra Socotra or Soqotra (; ar, سُقُطْرَىٰ ; ...

, ''Apus berliozi'' (A) *

Little swift The little swift (''Apus affinis''), is a small species of swift found in Africa and southwestern Asia, and are vagrants and local breeders in southern Europe. They are found both in urban areas and at rocky cliffs where they build nests in a way ...

, ''Apus affinis'' *

Horus swift The Horus swift (''Apus horus'') is a small bird in the Swift (bird), swift family. Horus, whose name this bird commemorates, was the ancient Egyptian god of the sun, son of Osiris and Isis. Description The Horus swift is 13–15 cm long an ...

, ''Apus horus'' *

White-rumped swift The white-rumped swift (''Apus caffer'') is a species of swift. Although this small bird is superficially similar to a house martin, it is not closely related to that passerine species. The resemblances between the swallows and swifts are due to ...

, ''Apus caffer'' * African palm-swift, ''Cypsiurus parvus''

Flufftails

Order:

Gruiformes The Gruiformes are an order (biology), order containing a considerable number of living and extinct bird family (biology), families, with a widespread geographical diversity. Gruiform means "crane-like". Traditionally, a number of wading and t ...

Family: Sarothruridae The flufftails are a small family of ground-dwelling birds found only in Madagascar and sub-Saharan Africa. *

White-spotted flufftail The white-spotted flufftail (''Sarothrura pulchra'') is a species of bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs ...

, ''Sarothrura pulchra'' *

Buff-spotted flufftail The buff-spotted flufftail (''Sarothrura elegans'') is a species of bird in the family Sarothruridae. It is found in Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Eswa ...

, ''Sarothrura elegans'' *

Red-chested flufftail The red-chested flufftail (''Sarothrura rufa'') is a species of bird in the family Sarothruridae Sarothruridae is a family of small- to medium-sized ground-living birds found mostly in Madagascar and sub-Saharan Africa, with the genus ''Rallic ...

, ''Sarothrura rufa'' *

Chestnut-headed flufftail The chestnut-headed flufftail (''Sarothrura lugens'') is a species of bird in the family Sarothruridae. It is found in Angola, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Zambia Zambia (), officially ...

, ''Sarothrura lugens'' *

Streaky-breasted flufftail The streaky-breasted flufftail (''Sarothrura boehmi'') is a species of bird in the family Sarothruridae. It is sparsely spread across wet grasslands of central Africa. The name of this bird commemorates the German zoologist Richard Böhm R ...

, ''Sarothrura boehmi'' *

Striped flufftail The striped flufftail (''Sarothrura affinis'') is a species of bird in the flufftail family Sarothruridae. It is also known as the red-tailed flufftail. The species is closely related to the Madagascar flufftail. The species has a disjunct distr ...

, ''Sarothrura affinis''

Rails, gallinules, and coots

Order:

Family:

Rallidae The rails, or Rallidae, are a large cosmopolitan family of small- to medium-sized, ground-living birds. The family exhibits considerable diversity and includes the crakes, coots, and gallinules. Many species are associated with wetlands, althoug ...

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails,

crake The rails, or Rallidae, are a large cosmopolitan family of small- to medium-sized, ground-living birds. The family exhibits considerable diversity and includes the crakes, coots, and gallinules. Many species are associated with wetlands, althoug ...

coot Coots are medium-sized water birds that are members of the rail family, Rallidae. They constitute the genus ''Fulica'', the name being the Latin term for "coot". Coots have predominantly black plumage, and—unlike many rails—they are usually ...

s, and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short rounded wings and to be weak fliers. *

African rail The African rail (''Rallus caerulescens'') is a small wetland bird of the rail family that is found in eastern and southern Africa. Taxonomy The African rail was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in ...

, ''Rallus caerulescens'' * Corn crake, ''Crex crex'' *

African crake The African crake (''Crecopsis egregia'') is a small- to medium-size ground-living bird in the rail family, found in most of central to southern Africa. It is seasonally common in most of its range other than the rainforests and areas that have ...

, ''Crex egregia'' * Spotted crake, ''Porzana porzana'' * Lesser moorhen, ''Paragallinula angulata'' *

Eurasian moorhen The common moorhen (''Gallinula chloropus''), also known as the waterhen or swamp chicken, is a bird species in the rail family (Rallidae). It is distributed across many parts of the Old World. The common moorhen lives around well-vegetated mars ...

, ''Gallinula chloropus'' * Red-knobbed coot, ''Fulica cristata'' *

Allen's gallinule Allen's gallinule (''Porphyrio alleni''), formerly known as the lesser gallinule, is a small waterbird of the family Rallidae. Its former binomial name is ''Porphyrula alleni''. ''Porphyrio'' is the Latin for "swamphen", and ''alleni'', like the ...

, ''Porphyrio alleni'' *

African swamphen The African swamphen (''Porphyrio madagascariensis'') is a species of swamphen occurring in Egypt, Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar. It used to be considered a subspecies of the purple swamphen, which it resembles, but with bronze green or gre ...

, ''Porphyrio madagascariensis'' * Striped crake, ''Amaurornis marginalis'' *

Black crake The black crake (''Zapornia flavirostra'') is a waterbird in the rail and crake family, Rallidae. It breeds in most of sub-Saharan Africa except in very arid areas. It undertakes some seasonal movements in those parts of its range which are subj ...

, ''Zapornia flavirostra'' *

Baillon's crake Baillon's crake (''Zapornia pusilla''), also known as the marsh crake, is a small waterbird of the family Rallidae. Distribution Their breeding habitat is Cyperaceae, sedge beds in Europe, mainly in the east, and across the Palearctic. They used ...

, ''Zapornia pusilla''

Finfoots

Order:

Family:

Heliornithidae The Heliornithidae are a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet like those of grebes and coots. The family overall are known as finfoots, although one species is known as a sungrebe. The family is composed of three speci ...

Heliornithidae is a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots. *

African finfoot The African finfoot (''Podica senegalensis'') is an aquatic bird from the family Heliornithidae (the finfoots and sungrebe). The species lives in the rivers and lakes of western, central, and southern Africa. Description The African finfoot is ...

, ''Podica senegalensis''

Cranes

Order:

Family: Gruidae Cranes are large, long-legged, and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances". * Gray crowned-crane, ''Balearica regulorum'' (endangered) * Wattled crane, ''Bugeranus carunculatus'' (vulnerable)

Thick-knees

Order:

Charadriiformes Charadriiformes (, from ''Charadrius'', the type genus of family Charadriidae) is a diverse order of small to medium-large birds. It includes about 390 species and has members in all parts of the world. Most charadriiform birds live near water an ...

Family:

Burhinidae The stone-curlews, also known as dikkops or thick-knees, consist of 10 species within the family Burhinidae, and are found throughout the tropical and temperate parts of the world, with two or more species occurring in some areas of Africa, Asia, ...

The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes, and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats. *

Water thick-knee The water thick-knee or water dikkop (''Burhinus vermiculatus'') is a species of bird in the thick-knee family Burhinidae. The species is found across sub-Saharan Africa, usually close to water. Distribution and habitat The water thick-knee has ...

, ''Burhinus vermiculatus'' * Indian thick-knee, ''Burhinus indicus'' *

Spotted thick-knee The spotted thick-knee (''Burhinus capensis''), also known as the spotted dikkop or Cape thick-knee, is a wader in the family Stone-curlew, Burhinidae. It is native to tropical regions of central and southern Africa. Description The spotted thic ...

, ''Burhinus capensis''

Stilts and avocets

Order:

Family: Recurvirostridae Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and

stilt Stilt is a common name for several species of birds in the family Recurvirostridae, which also includes those known as avocets. They are found in brackish or saline wetlands in warm or hot climates. They have extremely long legs, hence the grou ...

s. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. * Black-winged stilt, ''Himantopus himantopus'' * Pied avocet, ''Recurvirostra avosetta''

Oystercatchers

Order:

Family: Haematopodidae The oystercatchers are large and noisy

plover Plovers ( , ) are a widely distributed group of wading birds belonging to the subfamily Charadriinae. Description There are about 66 species in the subfamily, most of them called "plover" or "dotterel". The closely related lapwing subfa ...

-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open

mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...

s. * Eurasian oystercatcher, ''Haematopus ostralegus''

Plovers and lapwings

Order:

Family: Charadriidae The family Charadriidae includes the

s, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water. * Black-bellied plover, ''Pluvialis squatarola'' * Pacific golden-plover, ''Pluvialis fulva'' *

Long-toed lapwing The long-toed lapwing (''Vanellus crassirostris'') is a species of bird in the family Charadriidae. It is found in Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, ...

, ''Vanellus crassirostris'' * Blacksmith lapwing, ''Vanellus armatus'' *

Spur-winged plover The spur-winged lapwing or spur-winged plover (''Vanellus spinosus'') is a lapwing species, one of a group of largish waders in the family Charadriidae. It is one of several species of wader supposed to be the "trochilus" bird said by Herodotus ...

, ''Vanellus spinosus'' *

Black-headed lapwing The black-headed lapwing or black-headed plover (''Vanellus tectus'') is a large lapwing, a group of largish waders in the family Charadriidae. It is a resident breeder across sub-Saharan Africa from Senegal to Ethiopia, although it has seaso ...

, ''Vanellus tectus'' *

White-headed lapwing The white-crowned lapwing, white-headed lapwing, white-headed plover or white-crowned plover (''Vanellus albiceps'') is a medium-sized wader. It is resident throughout tropical Africa, usually near large rivers. Description This lapwing is unmi ...

, ''Vanellus albiceps'' * Senegal lapwing, ''Vanellus lugubris'' *

Black-winged lapwing The black-winged lapwing or greater black-winged lapwing (''Vanellus melanopterus'') is an east African species that is found from the Ethiopian highlands in the north to central Kenya (race ''V. m. melanopterus''), and again at middle to coasta ...

, ''Vanellus melanopterus'' *

Crowned lapwing The crowned lapwing (''Vanellus coronatus''), or crowned plover, is a bird of the lapwing subfamily that occurs contiguously from the Red Sea coast of Somalia to southern and southwestern Africa. It is an adaptable and numerous species, with bold ...

, ''Vanellus coronatus'' * Wattled lapwing, ''Vanellus senegallus'' *

Brown-chested lapwing The brown-chested lapwing (''Vanellus superciliosus'') is a species of bird in the family Charadriidae. It resides year-round in a narrow strip of land from southwestern Nigeria to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo; its wintering rang ...

, ''Vanellus superciliosus'' *

Lesser sand-plover The lesser sand plover (''Charadrius mongolus'') is a small wader in the plover family of birds. The spelling is commonly given as lesser sand-plover, but the official British Ornithologists' Union spelling is "lesser sand plover". The genus ...

, ''Charadrius mongolus'' * Greater sand-plover, ''Charadrius leschenaultii'' *

Caspian plover The Caspian plover (''Charadrius asiaticus'') is a wader in the plover family of birds. The genus name ''Charadrius'' is a Late Latin word for a yellowish bird mentioned in the fourth-century Vulgate. It derives from Ancient Greek ''kharadrios'' ...

, ''Charadrius asiaticus'' * Kittlitz's plover, ''Charadrius pecuarius'' * Kentish plover, ''Charadrius alexandrinus'' (A) * Common ringed plover, ''Charadrius hiaticula'' *

Little ringed plover The little ringed plover (''Charadrius dubius'') is a small plover. The genus name ''Charadrius'' is a Late Latin word for a yellowish bird mentioned in the fourth-century Vulgate. It derives from Ancient Greek ''kharadrios'' a bird found in river ...

, ''Charadrius dubius'' * Three-banded plover, ''Charadrius tricollaris'' * Forbes's plover, ''Charadrius forbesi'' *

White-fronted plover The white-fronted plover or white-fronted sandplover (''Charadrius marginatus'') is a small (45-50 g) shorebird of the family Charadriidae that inhabits sandy beaches, dunes, mudflats and the shores of rivers and lakes in sub-saharan Africa and M ...

, ''Charadrius marginatus'' * Chestnut-banded plover, ''Charadrius pallidus'' (near-threatened)

Painted-snipes

Order:

Family:

Rostratulidae The Rostratulidae, commonly known as the painted-snipes, are a family of wading birds that consists of two genera: ''Rostratula'' and '' Nycticryphes''. Description The painted-snipes are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the t ...

Painted-snipes are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly colored. *

Greater painted-snipe The greater painted-snipe (''Rostratula benghalensis'') is a species of wader in the family Rostratulidae. It is found in marshes in Africa, South Asia and South-east Asia. Description Medium-sized, plump wading bird. Long reddish-brown bill, s ...

, ''Rostratula benghalensis''

Jacanas

Order:

Family:

Jacanidae The jacanas (sometimes referred to as Jesus birds or lily trotters) are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found in the tropical regions around the world. They are noted for their elongated toes and toenails that allow ...

The jacanas are a family of waders found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat. *

Lesser jacana The lesser jacana (''Microparra capensis'') is a species of bird in the family Jacanidae. It is monotypic within the genus ''Microparra''. It is found in Angola, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democrat ...

, ''Microparra capensis'' * African jacana, ''Actophilornis africanus''

Sandpipers and allies

Order:

Family:

Scolopacidae Sandpipers are a large family, Scolopacidae, of waders. They include many species called sandpipers, as well as those called by names such as curlew and snipe. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. ...

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the

sandpiper Sandpipers are a large family, Scolopacidae, of waders. They include many species called sandpipers, as well as those called by names such as curlew and snipe. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. ...

s, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers,

woodcock The woodcocks are a group of seven or eight very similar living species of wading birds in the genus ''Scolopax''. The genus name is Latin for a snipe or woodcock, and until around 1800 was used to refer to a variety of waders. The English name ...

snipe A snipe is any of about 26 wading bird species in three genera in the family Scolopacidae. They are characterized by a very long, slender bill, eyes placed high on the head, and cryptic/camouflaging plumage. The ''Gallinago'' snipes have a near ...

s, dowitchers, and

phalarope __NOTOC__ A phalarope is any of three living species of slender-necked shorebirds in the genus ''Phalaropus'' of the bird family Scolopacidae. Phalaropes are close relatives of the shanks and tattlers, the ''Actitis'' and Terek sandpipers, a ...

s. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. * Whimbrel, ''Numenius phaeopus'' *

Eurasian curlew The Eurasian curlew or common curlew (''Numenius arquata'') is a very large wader in the family Scolopacidae. It is one of the most widespread of the curlews, breeding across temperate Europe and Asia. In Europe, this species is often referred t ...

, ''Numenius arquata'' (near-threatened) * Bar-tailed godwit, ''Limosa lapponica'' (near-threatened) *

Black-tailed godwit The black-tailed godwit (''Limosa limosa'') is a large, long-legged, long-billed shorebird first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. It is a member of the godwit genus, ''Limosa''. There are four subspecies, all with orange head, neck and chest ...

, ''Limosa limosa'' (near-threatened) * Ruddy turnstone, ''Arenaria interpres'' * Red knot, ''Calidris canutus'' (near-threatened) *

Ruff Ruff may refer to: Places *Ruff, Virginia, United States, an unincorporated community *Ruff, Washington, United States, an unincorporated community Other uses *Ruff (bird) (''Calidris pugnax'' or ''Philomachus pugnax''), a bird in the wader fami ...

, ''Calidris pugnax'' * Broad-billed sandpiper, ''Calidris falcinellus'' * Curlew sandpiper, ''Calidris ferruginea'' (near-threatened) * Temminck's stint, ''Calidris temminckii'' (A) * Long-toed stint, ''Calidris subminuta'' (A) * Sanderling, ''Calidris alba'' * Little stint, ''Calidris minuta'' * Pectoral sandpiper, ''Calidris melanotos'' (A) *

Jack snipe The jack snipe or jacksnipe (''Lymnocryptes minimus'') is a small stocky wader. It is the smallest snipe, and the only member of the genus ''Lymnocryptes''. Features such as its sternum make it quite distinct from other snipes or woodcocks. Et ...

, ''Lymnocryptes minimus'' *

Great snipe The great snipe (''Gallinago media'') is a small stocky wader in the genus ''Gallinago''. This bird's breeding habitat is marshes and wet meadows with short vegetation in north-eastern Europe, including north-western Russia. Great snipes are mig ...

, ''Gallinago media'' (near-threatened) * Common snipe, ''Gallinago gallinago'' *

African snipe The African snipe (''Gallinago nigripennis'') also known as the Ethiopian snipe, is a small stocky wader. It breeds in eastern and southern Africa in wet mountain moorland and swamps at altitudes of . When not breeding it disperses widely, includ ...

, ''Gallinago nigripennis'' * Terek sandpiper, ''Xenus cinereus'' * Red-necked phalarope, ''Phalaropus lobatus'' * Red phalarope, ''Phalaropus fulicarius'' (A) *

Common sandpiper The common sandpiper (''Actitis hypoleucos'') is a small Palearctic wader. This bird and its American sister species, the spotted sandpiper (''A. macularia''), make up the genus ''Actitis''. They are parapatric and replace each other geographic ...

, ''Actitis hypoleucos'' * Green sandpiper, ''Tringa ochropus'' * Spotted redshank, ''Tringa erythropus'' *

Common greenshank The common greenshank (''Tringa nebularia'') is a wader in the large family Scolopacidae, the typical waders. The genus name ''Tringa'' is the New Latin name given to the green sandpiper by Aldrovandus in 1599 based on Ancient Greek ''trungas'' ...

, ''Tringa nebularia'' *

Marsh sandpiper The marsh sandpiper (''Tringa stagnatilis'') is a small wader. It is a rather small shank, and breeds in open grassy steppe and taiga wetlands from easternmost Europe to the Russian Far East. The genus name ''Tringa'' is the New Latin name given ...

, ''Tringa stagnatilis'' *

Wood sandpiper The wood sandpiper (''Tringa glareola'') is a small wader. This Eurasian species is the smallest of the shanks, which are mid-sized long-legged waders of the family Scolopacidae. The genus name ''Tringa'' is the New Latin name given to the green ...

, ''Tringa glareola'' * Common redshank, ''Tringa totanus''

Buttonquails

Order:

Family: Turnicidae The buttonquails are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young. *

Small buttonquail The common buttonquail (''Turnix sylvaticus''), also called Kurrichane buttonquail, small buttonquail, or Andalusian hemipode is a buttonquail, one of a small family of birds which resemble but are unrelated to the true of quails. Description Th ...

, ''Turnix sylvaticus'' *

Black-rumped buttonquail The black-rumped buttonquail (''Turnix nanus'') is a small species of bird in the buttonquail family. Description This species has a brown back, rufous chest, and pale belly, brown irises and a black rump. As usual for buttonquails but not for ...

, ''Turnix nanus'' *

Quail-plover The quail-plover, lark buttonquail or lark-plover (''Ortyxelos meiffrenii'') is a small ground-living bird in the buttonquail family Turnicidae that is found in the Sahel region of Africa and in a disjunct region of East Africa. It is the only sp ...

, ''Ortyxelos meiffrenii'' (A)

Crab-plover

Order:

Family:

Dromadidae The crab-plover or crab plover (''Dromas ardeola)'' is a bird related to the waders, but sufficiently distinctive to merit its own family Dromadidae. Its relationship within the Charadriiformes is unclear, some have considered it to be closely ...

The crab-plover is related to the waders. It resembles a plover but has very long grey legs and a strong heavy black bill similar to that of a tern. It has black-and-white plumage, a long neck, partially webbed feet, and a bill designed for eating crabs. *

Crab-plover The crab-plover or crab plover (''Dromas ardeola)'' is a bird related to the waders, but sufficiently distinctive to merit its own family Dromadidae. Its relationship within the Charadriiformes is unclear, some have considered it to be closely ...

, ''Dromas ardeola''

Pratincoles and coursers

Order:

Family:

Glareolidae Glareolidae is a family of birds in the wader suborder Charadrii. It contains two distinct groups, the pratincoles and the coursers. The atypical Egyptian plover (''Pluvianus aegyptius''), traditionally placed in this family, is now known to be ...

Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the

pratincole The pratincoles or greywaders are a group of birds which together with the coursers make up the family Glareolidae. They have short legs, very long pointed wings and long forked tails. Description Their most unusual feature for birds classed as ...

s, which have short legs, long pointed wings, and long forked tails, and the

courser The coursers are a group of birds which together with the pratincoles make up the family Glareolidae. They have long legs, short wings and long pointed bills which curve downwards. Their most unusual feature for birds classed as waders is that ...

s, which have long legs, short wings, and long, pointed bills which curve downwards. *

Temminck's courser Temminck's courser (''Cursorius temminckii'') is a bird in the pratincole and courser family, Glareolidae. It is a wader which lives in sub-Saharan Africa. It is noted for laying its dark ash-black eggs in the burnt bushes and grass of the Africa ...

, ''Cursorius temminckii'' *

Double-banded courser The double-banded courser (''Rhinoptilus africanus''), also known as the two-banded courser, is a species of bird in the family Glareolidae. Description The bird's crown is pale and streaked with brown/black feathers. A narrow black stripe exte ...

, ''Smutsornis africanus'' *

Three-banded courser The three-banded courser (''Rhinoptilus cinctus'') is a species of bird in the family Glareolidae. It is found in Angola, Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Namibia, Rwanda, Somalia, Somaliland, South Africa, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zi ...

, ''Rhinoptilus cinctus'' *

Bronze-winged courser The bronze-winged courser or violet-tipped courser (''Rhinoptilus chalcopterus'') is a species of bird in the family Glareolidae. This species is named for its characteristic bronze-tipped feathers that are visible during flight. It is found livi ...

, ''Rhinoptilus chalcopterus'' *

Collared pratincole The collared pratincole (''Glareola pratincola''), also known as the common pratincole or red-winged pratincole, is a wader in the pratincole family, Glareolidae. As with other pratincoles, it is native to the Old World. Taxonomy The collared pr ...

, ''Glareola pratincola'' *

Black-winged pratincole The black-winged pratincole (''Glareola nordmanni'') is a wader in the pratincole bird family, Glareolidae. The genus name is a diminutive of Latin ''glarea'', "gravel", referring to a typical nesting habitat for pratincoles. The species name ...

, ''Glareola nordmanni'' (A) (near-threatened) *

Madagascar pratincole The Madagascar pratincole (''Glareola ocularis'') is a species of bird in the family Glareolidae. It is found in Comoros, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Somalia, Tanzania, possibly Mauritius, and possibly Réunion. Its natural habitats ...

, ''Glareola ocularis'' (vulnerable) *

Rock pratincole The rock pratincole (''Glareola nuchalis'') is a species of bird in the family Glareolidae. Distribution and habitat There are two subspecies of rock pratincole: *''G. n. liberiae'' (Schlegel, 1881), – ''Rufous-collared pratincole'' – from ...

, ''Glareola nuchalis''

Skuas and jaegers

Order:

Family: Stercorariidae The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants. *

Pomarine jaeger The pomarine jaeger (''Stercorarius pomarinus''), pomarine skua, or pomatorhine skua, is a seabird in the skua family Stercorariidae. It is a migrant, wintering at sea in the tropical oceans. Taxonomy Its relationships are not fully resolved; i ...

, ''Stercorarius pomarinus'' (A) *

Parasitic jaeger The parasitic jaeger (''Stercorarius parasiticus''), also known as the Arctic skua, Arctic jaeger or parasitic skua, is a seabird in the skua family Stercorariidae. It is a migratory species that breeds in Northern Scandinavia, Scotland, Iceland, ...

, ''Stercorarius parasiticus'' *

Long-tailed jaeger The long-tailed skua or long-tailed jaeger (''Stercorarius longicaudus'') is a seabird in the skua family Stercorariidae. Etymology The word "jaeger" is derived from the German word ''Jäger'', meaning "hunter". The English word "skua" comes fr ...

, ''Stercorarius longicaudus'' (A)

Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Order:

Family: Laridae Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds which include the

gull Gulls, or colloquially seagulls, are seabirds of the family Laridae in the suborder Lari. They are most closely related to the terns and skimmers and only distantly related to auks, and even more distantly to waders. Until the 21st century, m ...

s, kittiwakes, terns, and

skimmer Skimmer may refer to: Animals *Skimmer (bird), a common name for birds in the genus ''Rynchops'' *Skimmer (dragonfly), a common name for dragonflies in the family Libellulidae *Water strider or skimmer, a common name for insects in the family Ge ...

s. Gulls are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with gray or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish. * Slender-billed gull, ''Chroicocephalus genei'' (A) * Gray-hooded gull, ''Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus'' *

Black-headed gull The black-headed gull (''Chroicocephalus ridibundus'') is a small gull that breeds in much of the Palearctic including Europe and also in coastal eastern Canada. Most of the population is migratory and winters further south, but some birds res ...

, ''Chroicocephalus ridibundus'' *

Franklin's gull Franklin's gull (''Leucophaeus pipixcan'') is a small (length 12.6–14.2 in, 32–36 cm) gull. The genus name ''Leucophaeus'' is from Ancient Greek ''leukos'', "white", and ''phaios'', "dusky". The specific ''pipixcan'' is a Nahuatl name fo ...

, ''Leucophaeus pipixcan'' (A) *

Sooty gull The sooty gull (''Ichthyaetus hemprichii'') is a species of gull in the family Laridae, also known as the Aden gull or Hemprich's gull. It is found in Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, India, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Maldives, Mozam ...

, ''Ichthyaetus hemprichii'' *

Herring gull Herring gull is a common name for several birds in the genus ''Larus'', all formerly treated as a single species. Three species are still combined in some taxonomies: * American herring gull (''Larus smithsonianus'') - North America * European he ...

, ''Larus argentatus'' * Lesser black-backed gull, ''Larus fuscus'' * Kelp gull, ''Larus dominicanus'' (A) * Brown noddy, ''Anous stolidus'' *

Lesser noddy The lesser noddy (''Anous tenuirostris''), also known as the sooty noddy, is a seabird in the family Laridae. It is found near the coastlines of Comoros, Kenya, India, Maldives, Mauritius, Seychelles, Somalia, Sri Lanka and United Arab Emirates. ...

, ''Anous tenuirostris'' *

Sooty tern The sooty tern (''Onychoprion fuscatus'') is a seabird in the family Laridae. It is a bird of the tropical oceans, returning to land only to breed on islands throughout the equatorial zone. Taxonomy The sooty tern was described by Carl Linnaeu ...

, ''Onychoprion fuscatus'' *

Bridled tern The bridled tern (''Onychoprion anaethetus'') is a seabird of the family Laridae. It is a bird of the tropical oceans. The scientific name is from Ancient Greek. The genus comes from ' meaning "claw" or "nail", and , meaning "saw". The specific ...

, ''Onychoprion anaethetus'' * Little tern, ''Sternula albifrons'' (A) *

Saunders's tern Saunders's tern (''Sternula saundersi''), sometimes known as the Black-Shafted tern, is a species of bird in the family Laridae. It is sparsely resident along the shores of the north-western Indian Ocean (namely southern Somalia, Arabian peninsul ...

, ''Sternula saundersi'' * Gull-billed tern, ''Gelochelidon nilotica'' * Caspian tern, ''Hydroprogne caspia'' * White-winged tern, ''Chlidonias leucopterus'' *

Whiskered tern The whiskered tern (''Chlidonias hybrida'') is a tern in the family Laridae. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''khelidonios'', "swallow-like", from ''khelidon'', "swallow". The specific ''hybridus'' is Latin for ''hybrid''; Peter Simon Palla ...

, ''Chlidonias hybrida'' *

Roseate tern The roseate tern (''Sterna dougallii'') is a species of tern in the family Laridae. The genus name ''Sterna'' is derived from Old English "stearn", "tern", and the specific ''dougallii'' refers to Scottish physician and collector Dr Peter McDoug ...

, ''Sterna dougallii'' *

Black-naped tern The black-naped tern (''Sterna sumatrana'') is an oceanic tern mostly found in tropical and subtropical areas of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. It is rarely found inland. Description The tern is about 30 cm long with a wing length of 21� ...

, ''Sterna sumatrana'' (A) * Common tern, ''Sterna hirundo'' *

White-cheeked tern The white-cheeked tern (''Sterna repressa'') is a species of tern in the family Laridae. It is found around the coasts on the Red Sea, around the Horn of Africa to Kenya, in the Persian Gulf and along the Iranian coast to Pakistan and western Ind ...

, ''Sterna repressa'' * Great crested tern, ''Thalasseus bergii'' *

Sandwich tern The Sandwich tern (''Thalasseus sandvicensis'') is a tern in the family Laridae. It is very closely related to the lesser crested tern (''T. bengalensis''), Chinese crested tern (''T. bernsteini''), Cabot's tern (''T. acuflavidus''), and elegan ...

, ''Thalasseus sandvicensis'' *

Lesser crested tern The lesser crested tern (''Thalasseus bengalensis'')Bridge, E. S.; Jones, A. W. & Baker, A. J. (2005)A phylogenetic framework for the terns (Sternini) inferred from mtDNA sequences: implications for taxonomy and plumage evolution. ''Molecular Ph ...

, ''Thalasseus bengalensis'' *

African skimmer The African skimmer (''Rynchops flavirostris'') is a species of bird belonging to the skimmer genus ''Rynchops'' in the family Laridae. It is found along rivers, lakes and lagoons in Sub-Saharan Africa. Description African skimmers have long w ...

, ''Rynchops flavirostris'' (near-threatened)

Tropicbirds

Order: PhaethontiformesFamily:

Phaethontidae Tropicbirds are a family, Phaethontidae, of tropical pelagic seabirds. They are the sole living representatives of the order Phaethontiformes. For many years they were considered part of the Pelecaniformes, but genetics indicates they are most cl ...

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings. *

White-tailed tropicbird The white-tailed tropicbird (''Phaethon lepturus'') is a tropicbird. It is the smallest of three closely related seabirds of the tropical oceans and smallest member of the order Phaethontiformes. It is found in the tropical Atlantic, western Paci ...

, ''Phaethon lepturus'' * Red-billed tropicbird, ''Phaethon aethereus'' (A)

Albatrosses

Order:

Procellariiformes Procellariiformes is an order of seabirds that comprises four families: the albatrosses, the petrels and shearwaters, and two families of storm petrels. Formerly called Tubinares and still called tubenoses in English, procellariiforms are of ...

Family: Diomedeidae The albatrosses are among the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus ''Diomedea'' have the largest wingspans of any extant birds. * White-capped albatross, ''Thalassarche cauta'' (A)

Southern storm-petrels

Order:

Family:

Oceanitidae Austral storm petrels, or southern storm petrels, are seabirds in the family Oceanitidae, part of the order Procellariiformes. These smallest of seabirds feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hove ...

The storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on

plankton Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms found in Hydrosphere, water (or atmosphere, air) that are unable to propel themselves against a Ocean current, current (or wind). The individual organisms constituting plankton are called plankt ...

ic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes

bat Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera.''cheir'', "hand" and πτερόν''pteron'', "wing". With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in flight than most bi ...

-like. Until 2018, this family's species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae. *

White-bellied storm-petrel The white-bellied storm petrel (''Fregetta grallaria'') is a species of seabird in the family Oceanitidae. It is found in Angola, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, French Polynesia, French Southern Territories, Maldives, Namibia, Ne ...

, ''Fregetta grallaria'' (A)

Shearwaters and petrels

Order:

Family: Procellariidae The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary. *

Southern giant-petrel The southern giant petrel (''Macronectes giganteus''), also known as the Antarctic giant petrel, giant fulmar, stinker, and stinkpot, is a large seabird of the southern oceans. Its distribution overlaps broadly with the similar northern giant pet ...

, ''Macronectes giganteus'' (A) *

White-chinned petrel The white-chinned petrel (''Procellaria aequinoctialis'') also known as the Cape hen and shoemaker, is a large shearwater in the family Procellariidae. It ranges around the Southern Ocean as far north as southern Australia, Peru and Namibia, and ...

, ''Procellaria aequinoctialis'' (A) * Wedge-tailed shearwater, ''Ardenna pacifica'' (A) * Tropical shearwater, ''Puffinus bailloni'' (A)

Storks

Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ciconiidae Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory. *

African openbill The African openbill (''Anastomus lamelligerus'') is a species of stork from the family Ciconiidae.Kahl, M. P. (1972). Comparative ethology of the ''Ciconiidae'': part 5. The Openbill Storks (genus ''Anastomus''). ''Journal Für Ornithologie'', ...

, ''Anastomus lamelligerus'' * Black stork, ''Ciconia nigra'' *

Abdim's stork Abdim's stork (''Ciconia abdimii''), also known as the white-bellied stork, is a stork belonging to the family Ciconiidae. It is the smallest species of stork, feeds mostly on insects, and is found widely in open habitats in Sub-Saharan Africa an ...

, ''Ciconia abdimii'' *

African woolly-necked stork The African woolly-necked stork or African woollyneck (''Ciconia microscelis'') is a species of large wading bird in the stork family Ciconiidae. It breeds singly, or in small loose colonies. It is distributed in a wide variety of habitats inclu ...

, ''Ciconia microscelis'' *

White stork The white stork (''Ciconia ciconia'') is a large bird in the stork family, Ciconiidae. Its plumage is mainly white, with black on the bird's wings. Adults have long red legs and long pointed red beaks, and measure on average from beak tip to en ...

, ''Ciconia ciconia'' * Saddle-billed stork, ''Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis'' *

Marabou stork The marabou stork (''Leptoptilos crumenifer'') is a large wading bird in the stork family Ciconiidae native to sub-Saharan Africa. It breeds in both wet and arid habitats, often near human habitation, especially landfill sites. It is someti ...

, ''Leptoptilos crumenifer'' *

Yellow-billed stork The yellow-billed stork (''Mycteria ibis''), sometimes also called the wood stork or wood ibis, is a large African wading stork species in the family Ciconiidae. It is widespread in regions south of the Sahara and also occurs in Madagascar. Taxo ...

, ''Mycteria ibis''

Frigatebirds

Order: SuliformesFamily: Fregatidae

Frigatebird Frigatebirds are a family of seabirds called Fregatidae which are found across all tropical and subtropical oceans. The five extant species are classified in a single genus, ''Fregata''. All have predominantly black plumage, long, deeply forked ...

s are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white, or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week. *

Lesser frigatebird The lesser frigatebird (''Fregata ariel'') is a seabird of the frigatebird family Fregatidae. At around 75 cm (30 in) in length, it is the smallest species of frigatebird. It occurs over tropical and subtropical waters across the Indian ...

, ''Fregata ariel'' *

Great frigatebird The great frigatebird (''Fregata minor'') is a large seabird in the frigatebird family. There are major nesting populations in the tropical Pacific (including the Galapagos Islands) and Indian Oceans, as well as a tiny population in the South At ...

, ''Fregata minor''

Boobies and gannets

Order: SuliformesFamily: Sulidae The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish. *

Masked booby The masked booby (''Sula dactylatra''), also called the masked gannet or the blue-faced booby, is a large seabird of the booby and gannet family, Sulidae. First described by the French naturalist René-Primevère Lesson in 1831, the masked bo ...

, ''Sula dactylatra'' *

Brown booby The brown booby (''Sula leucogaster'') is a large seabird of the booby family Sulidae, of which it is perhaps the most common and widespread species. It has a pantropical range, which overlaps with that of other booby species. The gregarious brow ...

, ''Sula leucogaster'' (A) *

Red-footed booby The red-footed booby (''Sula sula'') is a large seabird of the booby family, Sulidae. Adults always have red feet, but the colour of the plumage varies. They are powerful and agile fliers, but they are clumsy in takeoffs and landings. They are f ...

, ''Sula sula'' (A) * Cape gannet, ''Morus capensis'' (endangered)

Anhingas

Order: SuliformesFamily: Anhingidae Anhingas or darters are often called "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape, and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving. *

African darter The African darter (''Anhinga rufa''), sometimes called the snakebird, is a water bird of sub-Saharan Africa and Iraq. Taxonomy The African darter is a member of the darter family, Anhingidae, and is closely related to American (''Anhinga anhin ...

, ''Anhinga melanogaster''

Cormorants and shags

Order: SuliformesFamily: Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage coloration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white, and a few being colorful. *

Long-tailed cormorant The reed cormorant (''Microcarbo africanus''), also known as the long-tailed cormorant, is a bird in the cormorant family Phalacrocoracidae. It breeds in much of Africa south of the Sahara, and Madagascar. It is resident but undertakes some se ...

, ''Microcarbo africanus'' *

Great cormorant The great cormorant (''Phalacrocorax carbo''), known as the black shag in New Zealand and formerly also known as the great black cormorant across the Northern Hemisphere, the black cormorant in Australia, and the large cormorant in India, is a w ...

, ''Phalacrocorax carbo''

Pelicans

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Pelecanidae

Pelican Pelicans (genus ''Pelecanus'') are a genus of large water birds that make up the family Pelecanidae. They are characterized by a long beak and a large throat pouch used for catching prey and draining water from the scooped-up contents before s ...

s are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes. *

Great white pelican The great white pelican (''Pelecanus onocrotalus'') also known as the eastern white pelican, rosy pelican or white pelican is a bird in the pelican family. It breeds from southeastern Europe through Asia and Africa, in swamps and shallow lakes. ...

, ''Pelecanus onocrotalus'' *

Pink-backed pelican The pink-backed pelican (''Pelecanus rufescens'') is a bird of the pelican family. It is a resident breeder in the swamps and shallow lakes of Africa and southern Arabia; it has also apparently extirpated in Madagascar. Taxonomy The pink-backe ...

, ''Pelecanus rufescens''

Shoebill

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Balaenicipididae The shoebill is a large bird related to the storks. It derives its name from its massive shoe-shaped bill. * Shoebill, ''Balaeniceps rex'' (vulnerable)

Hamerkop

Order: PelecaniformesFamily:

Scopidae ''Scopus'' is a genus of wading birds containing the hamerkop ''(Scopus umbretta)'' and its extinct Pliocene relative, ''Scopus xenopus''. This genus is the sole representative of the family Scopidae. Taxonomy Hamerkops were traditionally includ ...

The hamerkop is a medium-sized bird with a long shaggy crest. The shape of its head with a curved bill and crest at the back is reminiscent of a hammer, hence its name. Its plumage is drab-brown all over. * Hamerkop, ''Scopus umbretta''

Herons, egrets, and bitterns

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Ardeidae The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns,

heron The herons are long-legged, long-necked, freshwater and coastal birds in the family Ardeidae, with 72 recognised species, some of which are referred to as egrets or bitterns rather than herons. Members of the genera ''Botaurus'' and ''Ixobrychus ...

s, and

egret Egrets ( ) are herons, generally long-legged wading birds, that have white or buff plumage, developing fine plumes (usually milky white) during the breeding season. Egrets are not a biologically distinct group from herons and have the same build ...

s. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter-necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills. *

Great bittern The Eurasian bittern or great bittern (''Botaurus stellaris'') is a wading bird in the bittern subfamily (Botaurinae) of the heron family Ardeidae. There are two subspecies, the northern race (''B. s. stellaris'') breeding in parts of Europe and ...

, ''Botaurus stellaris'' *

Little bittern The little bittern or common little bittern (''Ixobrychus minutus'') is a wading bird in the heron family, Ardeidae. ''Ixobrychus'' is from Ancient Greek ''ixias'', a reed-like plant and ''brukhomai'', to bellow, and ''minutus'' is Latin for "sm ...

, ''Ixobrychus minutus'' * Dwarf bittern, ''Ixobrychus sturmii'' *

Gray heron The grey heron (''Ardea cinerea'') is a long-legged wading bird of the heron family, Ardeidae, native throughout temperate Europe and Asia and also parts of Africa. It is resident in much of its range, but some populations from the more northern ...

, ''Ardea cinerea'' *

Black-headed heron The black-headed heron (''Ardea melanocephala'') is a wading bird of the heron family Ardeidae, common throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar. It is mainly resident, but some west African birds move further north in the rainy sea ...

, ''Ardea melanocephala'' *

Goliath heron The Goliath heron (''Ardea goliath''), also known as the giant heron, is a very large wading bird of the heron family, Ardeidae. It is found in sub-Saharan Africa, with smaller, declining numbers in Southwest and South Asia. Description This i ...

, ''Ardea goliath'' * Purple heron, ''Ardea purpurea'' *

Great egret The great egret (''Ardea alba''), also known as the common egret, large egret, or (in the Old World) great white egret or great white heron is a large, widely distributed egret. The four subspecies are found in Asia, Africa, the Americas, and ...

, ''Ardea alba'' * Intermediate egret, ''Ardea intermedia'' * Little egret, ''Egretta garzetta'' *

Western reef-heron The western reef heron (''Egretta gularis''), also called the western reef egret, is a medium-sized heron found in southern Europe, Africa and parts of Asia. It has a mainly coastal distribution and occurs in several plumage forms: a slaty-grey p ...

, ''Egretta gularis'' *

Black heron The black heron (''Egretta ardesiaca''), also known as the black egret, is an African heron. It is well known for its habit of using its wings to form a canopy when fishing. Description The black heron is a medium-sized (42.5–66 cm ...

, ''Egretta ardesiaca'' *

Cattle egret The cattle egret (''Bubulcus ibis'') is a cosmopolitan species of heron (family Ardeidae) found in the tropics, subtropics, and warm-temperate zones. It is the only member of the monotypic genus ''Bubulcus'', although some authorities regard it ...

, ''Bubulcus ibis'' * Squacco heron, ''Ardeola ralloides'' * Malagasy pond-heron, ''Ardeola idae'' (endangered) *

Rufous-bellied heron The rufous-bellied heron (''Ardeola rufiventris'') is a species of heron in the genus ''Ardeola'', the pond herons, of the family Ardeidae. Identification This is a small dark species of heron with a dark grey head, back and breast contrasting ...

, ''Ardeola rufiventris'' * Striated heron, ''Butorides striata'' *

Black-crowned night-heron The black-crowned night heron (''Nycticorax nycticorax''), or black-capped night heron, commonly shortened to just night heron in Eurasia, is a medium-sized heron found throughout a large part of the world, including parts of Europe, Asia, and ...

, ''Nycticorax nycticorax'' * White-backed night-heron, ''Gorsachius leuconotus''

Ibises and spoonbills

Order: PelecaniformesFamily:

Threskiornithidae The family Threskiornithidae includes 36 species of large wading birds. The family has been traditionally classified into two subfamilies, the ibises and the spoonbills; however recent genetic studies have cast doubt on this arrangement, and hav ...

Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the

ibis The ibises () (collective plural ibis; classical plurals ibides and ibes) are a group of long-legged wading birds in the family Threskiornithidae, that inhabit wetlands, forests and plains. "Ibis" derives from the Latin and Ancient Greek word f ...

es and

spoonbill Spoonbills are a genus, ''Platalea'', of large, long-legged wading birds. The spoonbills have a global distribution, being found on every continent except Antarctica. The genus name ''Platalea'' derives from Ancient Greek and means "broad", refe ...

s. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers. * Glossy ibis, ''Plegadis falcinellus'' *

African sacred ibis The African sacred ibis (''Threskiornis aethiopicus'') is a species of ibis, a wading bird of the family Threskiornithidae. It is native to much of Africa, as well as small parts of Iraq, Iran and Kuwait. It is especially known for its role in ...

, ''Threskiornis aethiopicus'' *

Olive ibis The olive ibis (''Bostrychia olivacea'') is a species of ibis native to dense tropical forests in central Africa. Between 65 and 75 cm in length, it is a small ibis with olive plumage displaying a iridescent sheen. Four subspecies are recogn ...

, ''Bostrychia olivacea'' *

Spot-breasted ibis The spot-breasted ibis (''Bostrychia rara'') is a small, forest-dwelling ibis found in African lowland forests and swampy forested areas. Its preference for dense rainforests in tropical Africa means that it is seldom seen and is vulnerable to de ...

, ''Bostrychia rara'' *

Hadada ibis The hadeda ibis (''Bostrychia hagedash'') is an ibis native to Sub-Saharan Africa. It is named for its loud three to four note calls uttered in flight especially in the mornings and evenings when they fly out or return to their roost trees. Altho ...

, ''Bostrychia hagedash'' *

African spoonbill The African spoonbill (''Platalea alba'') is a long-legged wading birdAccipitriformesFamily:

Sagittariidae Sagittariidae is a family of raptor with one living species—the secretarybird (''Sagittarius serpentarius'') native to Africa. This single extant species, has effected the fossil record of the group by ‘pulling’ the temporal range of the fam ...

The secretarybird is a bird of prey but is easily distinguished from other raptors by its long crane-like legs. * Secretarybird, ''Sagittarius serpentarius'' (vulnerable)

Osprey

Order: AccipitriformesFamily:

Pandionidae ''Pandion'' is a genus of birds of prey, known as ospreys, the only genus of family Pandionidae. Most taxonomic treatments have regarded this genus as describing a single extant species, separated to subspecies or races, while some treatments rec ...

The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large

raptor Raptor or RAPTOR may refer to: Animals The word "raptor" refers to several groups of bird-like dinosaurs which primarily capture and subdue/kill prey with their talons. * Raptor (bird) or bird of prey, a bird that primarily hunts and feeds on v ...

which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution. *

Osprey The osprey (''Pandion haliaetus''), , also called sea hawk, river hawk, and fish hawk, is a diurnal, fish-eating bird of prey with a cosmopolitan range. It is a large raptor reaching more than in length and across the wings. It is brown o ...

, ''Pandion haliaetus''

Hawks, eagles, and kites

Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Accipitridae Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey which includes

hawk Hawks are bird of prey, birds of prey of the family Accipitridae. They are widely distributed and are found on all continents except Antarctica. * The subfamily Accipitrinae includes goshawks, sparrowhawks, sharp-shinned hawks and others. Th ...

eagle Eagle is the common name for many large birds of prey of the family Accipitridae. Eagles belong to several groups of genera, some of which are closely related. Most of the 68 species of eagle are from Eurasia and Africa. Outside this area, just ...

s, kites, harriers, and

Old World vulture Old World vultures are vultures that are found in the Old World, i.e. the continents of Europe, Asia and Africa, and which belong to the family Accipitridae, which also includes eagles, buzzards, kites, and hawks. Old World vultures are not clos ...

s. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight. * Black-winged kite, ''Elanus caeruleus'' * Scissor-tailed kite, ''Chelictinia riocourii'' * African harrier-hawk, ''Polyboroides typus'' *

Palm-nut vulture The palm-nut vulture (''Gypohierax angolensis'') or vulturine fish eagle, is a large bird of prey in the family Accipitridae (which also includes many other diurnal raptors such as kites, buzzards and harriers, vultures, and eagles). It is the o ...

, ''Gypohierax angolensis'' * Bearded vulture, ''Gypaetus barbatus'' (near-threatened) *

Egyptian vulture The Egyptian vulture (''Neophron percnopterus''), also called the white scavenger vulture or pharaoh's chicken, is a small Old World vulture and the only member of the genus ''Neophron''. It is widely distributed from the Iberian Peninsula and ...

, ''Neophron percnopterus'' (endangered) * European honey-buzzard, ''Pernis apivorus'' *

Oriental honey-buzzard The crested honey buzzard (''Pernis ptilorhynchus'') is a bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, which also includes many other diurnal Bird of prey, raptors such as kite (bird), kites, eagles, and harrier (bird), harriers. ''Pernis ptilorhyn ...

, ''Pernis ptilorhynchus'' (A) *

African cuckoo-hawk The African cuckoo-hawk, or African baza, (''Aviceda cuculoides'') is a medium-sized raptor in the family Accipitridae so named because it resembles the common cuckoo. It is found in sub-Saharan Africa and along the eastern parts of Southern Afri ...

, ''Aviceda cuculoides'' *

White-headed vulture The white-headed vulture (''Trigonoceps occipitalis'') is an Old World vulture endemic to Africa. Populations have been declining steeply in recent years due to habitat degradation and poisoning of vultures at carcasses. An extinct relative was a ...

, ''Trigonoceps occipitalis'' (critically endangered) *

Lappet-faced vulture The lappet-faced vulture or Nubian vulture (''Torgos tracheliotos'') is an Old World vulture belonging to the bird order Accipitriformes, which also includes eagles, kites, buzzards and hawks. It is the only member of the genus ''Torgos''. It ...

, ''Torgos tracheliotos'' (endangered) *

Hooded vulture The hooded vulture (''Necrosyrtes monachus'') is an Old World vulture in the order Accipitriformes, which also includes eagles, kites, buzzards and hawks. It is the only member of the genus ''Necrosyrtes,'' which is sister to the larger ''Gyps ...

, ''Necrosyrtes monachus'' (critically endangered) * White-backed vulture, ''Gyps africanus'' (critically endangered) * Rüppell's griffon, ''Gyps rueppelli'' (critically endangered) * Bateleur, ''Terathopius ecaudatus'' (near-threatened) *

Short-toed snake-eagle The short-toed snake eagle (''Circaetus gallicus''), also known as the short-toed eagle, is a medium-sized bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, which also includes many other diurnal raptors such as kites, buzzards and harriers. The genus na ...

, ''Circaetus gallicus'' (A) *

Beaudouin's snake-eagle Beaudouin's snake eagle (''Circaetus beaudouini'') is a species of snake eagle in the family Accipitridae found in the Sahel region of west Africa. It forms a superspecies with the Palearctic short-toed snake eagle ''Circaetus gallicus'' and ...

, ''Circaetus beaudouini'' * Black-chested snake-eagle, ''Circaetus pectoralis'' * Brown snake-eagle, ''Circaetus cinereus'' * Fasciated snake-eagle, ''Circaetus fasciolatus'' (near-threatened) *

Banded snake-eagle ''Circaetus'', the snake eagles, is a genus of medium-sized eagles in the bird of prey family Accipitridae. They are mainly resident African species, but the migratory short-toed snake eagle breeds from the Mediterranean basin into Russia, the M ...

, ''Circaetus cinerascens'' *

Bat hawk The bat hawk (''Macheiramphus alcinus'') is a raptor found in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia to New Guinea. It is named for its diet, which consists mainly of bats. It requires open space in which to hunt, but will live anywhere from dense r ...

, ''Macheiramphus alcinus'' * Crowned eagle, ''Stephanoaetus coronatus'' (near-threatened) *

Martial eagle The martial eagle (''Polemaetus bellicosus'') is a large eagle native to sub-Saharan Africa.Ferguson-Lees & Christie, ''Raptors of the World''. Houghton Mifflin Company (2001), . It is the only member of the genus ''Polemaetus''. A species of t ...

, ''Polemaetus bellicosus'' (vulnerable) *

Long-crested eagle The long-crested eagle (''Lophaetus occipitalis'') is an African bird of prey. Like all eagles, it is in the family Accipitridae. It is currently placed in a monotypic genus ''Lophaetus''. It is characterized by the feathers making up the shaggy ...

, ''Lophaetus occipitalis'' * Lesser spotted eagle, ''Clanga pomarina'' * Greater spotted eagle, ''Clanga clanga'' (A)(vulnerable) * Wahlberg's eagle, ''Hieraaetus wahlbergi'' *

Booted eagle The booted eagle (''Hieraaetus pennatus'', also classified as ''Aquila pennata'') is a medium-sized mostly migratory bird of prey with a wide distribution in the Palearctic and southern Asia, wintering in the tropics of Africa and Asia, with a ...

, ''Hieraaetus pennatus'' *

Ayres's hawk-eagle Ayres's hawk-eagle (''Hieraaetus ayresii''), also referred to as Ayres' eagle,Newman, K (1998) Newman's Birds of Southern Africa. Halfway House: Southern Book Publishers. . is a medium-sized bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. It is native t ...

, ''Hieraaetus ayresii'' * Tawny eagle, ''Aquila rapax'' (vulnerable) * Steppe eagle, ''Aquila nipalensis'' (endangered) *

Imperial eagle The eagle is used in heraldry as a charge, as a supporter, and as a crest. Heraldic eagles can be found throughout world history like in the Achaemenid Empire or in the present Republic of Indonesia. The European post-classical symbolism of the ...

, ''Aquila heliaca'' (vulnerable) *

Cassin's hawk-eagle Cassin's hawk-eagle (''Aquila africana'') or Cassin's eagle, is a relatively small eagle in the family Accipitridae. Its feathered legs mark it as member of the Aquilinae or booted eagle subfamily. A forest-dependent species, it occurs in primary ...

, ''Aquila africana'' (A) *

Verreaux's eagle Verreaux's eagle (''Aquila verreauxii'') is a large, mostly African, bird of prey. It is also called the black eagle, especially in southern Africa, not to be confused with the Indian black eagle (''Ictinaetus malayensis''), which lives far to t ...

, ''Aquila verreauxii'' * African hawk-eagle, ''Aquila spilogaster'' *

Lizard buzzard The lizard buzzard (''Kaupifalco monogrammicus'') or lizard hawk, is a bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. It is native to Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite its name, it may be more closely related to the ''Accipiter'' hawks than the ''Buteo'' bu ...

, ''Kaupifalco monogrammicus'' * Dark chanting-goshawk, ''Melierax metabates'' * Eastern chanting-goshawk, ''Melierax poliopterus'' *

Gabar goshawk The gabar goshawk (''Micronisus gabar'') is a small species of African and Arabian bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. Description The gabar goshawk is polymorphic and occurs in two distinct forms which fluctuate in relative abundance acro ...

, ''Micronisus gabar'' *

Grasshopper buzzard The grasshopper buzzard (''Butastur rufipennis'') is a species of bird of prey in the family Accipitridae which is found in a narrow zone of sub-Saharan Africa north of the equator. Taxonomy The grasshopper buzzard forms a superspecies with th ...

, ''Butastur rufipennis'' *

Eurasian marsh-harrier The western marsh harrier (''Circus aeruginosus'') is a large harrier, a bird of prey from temperate and subtropical western Eurasia and adjacent Africa. It is also known as the Eurasian marsh harrier. Formerly, a number of relatives were includ ...

, ''Circus aeruginosus'' * African marsh-harrier, ''Circus ranivorus'' * Pallid harrier, ''Circus macrourus'' (near-threatened) *

Montagu's harrier Montagu's harrier (''Circus pygargus'') is a migratory bird of prey of the harrier family. Its common name commemorates the British naturalist George Montagu. Taxonomy The first formal description of Montagu's harrier was by the Swedish na ...

, ''Circus pygargus'' *

African goshawk The African goshawk (''Accipiter tachiro'') is an African species of bird of prey in the genus ''Accipiter'' which is the type genus of the family Accipitridae. Description The African goshawk is a medium-sized to large ''Accipiter'' which is m ...

, ''Accipiter tachiro'' * Shikra, ''Accipiter badius'' *

Levant sparrowhawk The Levant sparrowhawk (''Accipiter brevipes'') is a small bird of prey. It measures in length with a wingspan of . The female is larger than the male, but the difference is not as marked as with Eurasian sparrowhawk. The adult male is blue-grey ...

, ''Accipiter brevipes'' (A) *

Little sparrowhawk The little sparrowhawk (''Accipiter minullus'') is a species of Afrotropical bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. It is the smallest member of the genus ''Accipiter'' and forms a superspecies with the red-thighed sparrowhawk (''Accipiter ery ...

, ''Accipiter minullus'' *

Ovambo sparrowhawk The Ovambo or Ovampo sparrowhawk, also known as Hilgert's sparrowhawk, (''Accipiter ovampensis'') is a species of sub-Saharan African bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. It takes its name from the Ovamboland in northern Namibia. Description ...

, ''Accipiter ovampensis'' *

Eurasian sparrowhawk The Eurasian sparrowhawk (''Accipiter nisus''), also known as the northern sparrowhawk or simply the sparrowhawk, is a small bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. Adult male Eurasian sparrowhawks have bluish grey upperparts and orange-barred ...

, ''Accipiter nisus'' (A) * Rufous-breasted sparrowhawk, ''Accipiter rufiventris'' *

Black goshawk The black sparrowhawk (''Accipiter melanoleucus''), sometimes known as the black goshawk or great sparrowhawk, is the largest African member of the genus ''Accipiter''.Arkive. Black goshawk (''Accipiter melanoleucus''). In: Arkive: Images of Lif ...

, ''Accipiter melanoleucus'' * Black kite, ''Milvus migrans'' * African fish-eagle, ''Haliaeetus vocifer'' *

Common buzzard The common buzzard (''Buteo buteo'') is a medium-to-large bird of prey which has a large range. A member of the genus ''Buteo'', it is a member of the family Accipitridae. The species lives in most of Europe and extends its breeding range across ...

, ''Buteo buteo'' * Mountain buzzard, ''Buteo oreophilus'' (near-threatened) * Long-legged buzzard, ''Buteo rufinus'' (A) * Augur buzzard, ''Buteo augur''

Barn-owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily: Tytonidae Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons. * African grass-owl, ''Tyto capensis'' *

Barn owl The barn owl (''Tyto alba'') is the most widely distributed species of owl in the world and one of the most widespread of all species of birds, being found almost everywhere except for the polar and desert regions, Asia north of the Himalaya ...

, ''Tyto alba'' * Congo bay-owl, ''Phodilus prigoginei'' (endangered)

Owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily: Strigidae The

typical owl The true owls or typical owls (family Strigidae) are one of the two generally accepted families of owls, the other being the barn owls (Tytonidae). This large family comprises 230 living or recently extinct species in 24 genera. The typical owl ...

s are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk. * Sokoke scops-owl, ''Otus ireneae'' (endangered) *

Eurasian scops-owl The Eurasian scops owl (''Otus scops''), also known as the European scops owl or just scops owl, is a small owl in the typical owl family Strigidae. Its breeding range extends from southern Europe eastwards to southern Siberia and the western Hima ...

, ''Otus scops'' * Pemba scops-owl, ''Otus pembaensis'' (E) (vulnerable) *

African scops-owl The African scops owl (''Otus senegalensis'') is a small owl which is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. Taxonomy William John Swainson first described the species in 1837 from a specimen collected in Senegal, and initially assigned it to the no ...

, ''Otus senegalensis'' *

Southern white-faced owl The southern white-faced owl (''Ptilopsis granti'') is a fairly small owl in the family Strigidae. It is native to the southern half of Africa. It was formerly regarded as a subspecies of the northern white-faced owl (''P. leucopsis'') but the tw ...

, ''Ptilopsis granti'' * Cape eagle-owl, ''Bubo capensis'' *

Spotted eagle-owl The spotted eagle-owl (''Bubo africanus'') also known as the African spotted eagle-owl and the African eagle-owl, is a medium-sized species of owl, one of the smallest of the eagle owls. Its length is and its weight is from . It has a wingspan. ...

, ''Bubo africanus'' *

Fraser's eagle-owl Fraser's eagle-owl (''Bubo poensis'') is a species of African owl in the family Strigidae. It is named after the British zoologist Louis Fraser. Description Fraser's eagle-owl is a relatively small species of eagle-owl with has rather "fluffy" ...

, ''Bubo poensis'' *

Verreaux's eagle-owl Verreaux's eagle-owl (''Bubo lacteus''), also commonly known as the milky eagle owl or giant eagle owl, is a member of the family Strigidae. This species is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. A member of the genus ''Bubo'', it is the largest Afric ...

, ''Bubo lacteus'' * Pel's fishing-owl, ''Scotopelia peli'' *

Pearl-spotted owlet The pearl-spotted owlet (''Glaucidium perlatum'') is a small bird of prey found in sub-Saharan Africa. They belong to the Strigidae family, otherwise known as the typical owls or the true owls, which contains most species of owl. As part of the ...

, ''Glaucidium perlatum'' *

African barred owlet The African barred owlet (''Glaucidium capense'') is a species of small owl in the family Strigidae found in much of southern, central and eastern Africa. The taxon may be four species rather than a single species. Description The African barred ...

, ''Glaucidium capense'' * African wood-owl, ''Strix woodfordii'' *

Short-eared owl The short-eared owl (''Asio flammeus'') is a widespread grassland species in the family Strigidae. Owls belonging to genus ''Asio'' are known as the eared owls, as they have tufts of feathers resembling mammalian ears. These "ear" tufts may or ...

, ''Asio flammeus'' (A) *

Marsh owl The marsh owl (''Asio capensis'') is a medium to large species of owl in the family Strigidae. Description Medium-sized, dark brown with a pumpkin-shaped head with small 'ear' tufts. The facial disc is pale buff, with a distinct dark brown ri ...

, ''Asio capensis''

Mousebirds

Order: ColiiformesFamily:

Coliidae The mousebirds are birds in the order Coliiformes. They are the sister group to the clade Eucavitaves, which includes the Leptosomiformes (the cuckoo roller), Trogoniformes (trogons), Bucerotiformes (hornbills and hoopoes), Piciformes (woodpeck ...

The mousebirds are slender grayish or brown birds with soft, hairlike body feathers and very long thin tails. They are arboreal and scurry through the leaves like rodents in search of berries, fruit, and buds. They are acrobatic and can feed upside down. All species have strong claws and reversible outer toes. They also have crests and stubby bills. * Speckled mousebird, ''Colius striatus'' * White-headed mousebird, ''Colius leucocephalus'' *

Blue-naped mousebird The blue-naped mousebird (''Urocolius macrourus''), also formerly called the blue-naped coly (''Colius macrourus'') is a species of bird found in the wild in the drier regions of East Africa. It is one of the remaining six species of Mousebirds. ...

, ''Urocolius macrourus'' * Red-faced mousebird, ''Urocolius indicus''

Trogons

Order: TrogoniformesFamily:

Trogonidae The trogons and quetzals are birds in the order Trogoniformes which contains only one family, the Trogonidae. The family Trogonidae contains 46 species in seven genera. The fossil record of the trogons dates back 49 million years to the Early E ...

The family Trogonidae includes trogons and quetzals. Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colorful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage. *

Narina trogon __NOTOC__ The Narina trogon (''Apaloderma narina'') is a largely green and red, medium-sized (32–34 cm long), bird of the family Trogonidae. It is native to forests and woodlands of the Afrotropics. Though it is the most widespread and cat ...

, ''Apaloderma narina'' *

Bar-tailed trogon The bar-tailed trogon (''Apaloderma vittatum'') is a species of bird in the family Trogonidae. It is a resident bird to central Africa that eats primarily insects and fruits. Description The bar-tailed trogon averages about long. The bill and f ...

, ''Apaloderma vittatum''

Hoopoes

Order: BucerotiformesFamily: Upupidae Hoopoes have black, white, and orangey-pink coloring with a large erectile crest on their head. * Eurasian hoopoe, ''Upupa epops''

Woodhoopoes and scimitarbills

Order: BucerotiformesFamily:

Phoeniculidae The wood hoopoes or scimitarbills are a small African family, Phoeniculidae, of near passerine birds. They live south of the Sahara Desert and are not migratory. While the family is now restricted to Sub-Saharan Africa, fossil evidence shows th ...

The woodhoopoes and scimitarbills are related to the hoopoes, ground-hornbills, and

hornbill Hornbills (Bucerotidae) are a family (biology), family of bird found in tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia and Melanesia. They are characterized by a long, down-curved bill which is frequently brightly coloured and sometimes has a Casque (an ...

s. They most resemble the hoopoes with their long curved bills, used to probe for insects, and short rounded wings. However, they differ in that they have metallic plumage, often blue, green, or purple, and lack an erectile crest. * Green woodhoopoe, ''Phoeniculus purpureus'' * Violet woodhoopoe, ''Phoeniculus damarensis'' * White-headed woodhoopoe, ''Phoeniculus bollei'' * Forest woodhoopoe, ''Phoeniculus castaneiceps'' *

Common scimitarbill The common scimitarbill (''Rhinopomastus cyanomelas'') is a species of bird in the family Phoeniculidae. It is found in Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eswatini, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Somalia, So ...

, ''Rhinopomastus cyanomelas'' *

Abyssinian scimitarbill The Abyssinian scimitarbill (''Rhinopomastus minor'') is a species of bird in the family Phoeniculidae. It is found in Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda }), is a landlocked country in East Africa ...

, ''Rhinopomastus minor''

Ground-hornbills

Order: BucerotiformesFamily: Bucorvidae The ground-hornbills are terrestrial birds which feed almost entirely on insects, other birds, snakes, and amphibians. *

Southern ground-hornbill The southern ground hornbill (''Bucorvus leadbeateri''; formerly known as ''Bucorvus cafer'') is one of two species of ground hornbill, both of which are found solely within Africa, and is the largest species in the Bucerotiformes, hornbill order ...

, ''Bucorvus leadbeateri'' (vulnerable)

Hornbills

Order: BucerotiformesFamily: Bucerotidae Hornbills are a group of birds whose bill is shaped like a cow's horn, but without a twist, sometimes with a casque on the upper mandible. Frequently, the bill is brightly colored. *

Crowned hornbill The crowned hornbill (''Lophoceros alboterminatus'') is an African hornbill. Description It is a medium-sized bird, in length, and is characterized by its white belly and black back and wings. The tips of the long tail feathers are white. Th ...

, ''Lophoceros alboterminatus'' *

African pied hornbill The African pied hornbill (''Lophoceros fasciatus'') is a bird of the hornbill family, a family of tropical near-passerine birds found in the Old World. The African pied hornbill is a common resident breeder in much of equatorial Africa, from ...

, ''Lophoceros fasciatus'' *

African gray hornbill The African grey hornbill (''Lophoceros nasutus'') is a member of the hornbill family of mainly tropical near-passerine birds found in the Old World. It is a widespread resident breeder in much of sub-Saharan Africa and the southwest of the Arabi ...

, ''Lophoceros nasutus'' *

Pale-billed hornbill The pale-billed hornbill (''Lophoceros pallidirostris'') is a species of hornbill in the family Bucerotidae. It is found in Angola, DRC, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zambia. References pale-billed hornbill Birds of Southern Afri ...

, ''Lophoceros pallidirostris'' *

Eastern yellow-billed hornbill The eastern yellow-billed hornbill (''Tockus flavirostris''), also known as the northern yellow-billed hornbill, is a species of hornbill in the family Bucerotidae. It is found in Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania ...

, ''Tockus flavirostris'' * Von der Decken's hornbill, ''Tockus deckeni'' * Tanzanian red-billed hornbill, ''Tockus ruahae'' (E) *

Northern red-billed hornbill The northern red-billed hornbill (''Tockus erythrorhynchus'') is a species of hornbill in the family Bucerotidae. It is found from southern Mauritania through Somalia and northeast Tanzania. There are five species of red-billed hornbills recogn ...

, ''Tockus erythrorhynchus'' *

Silvery-cheeked hornbill The silvery-cheeked hornbill (''Bycanistes brevis'') is a large species of hornbill found in Africa. Silvery-cheeked hornbills are residents of the tall evergreen forests of East Africa from Ethiopia to South Africa. In Zimbabwe it is threatened ...

, ''Bycanistes brevis'' *

Black-and-white-casqued hornbill The black-and-white-casqued hornbill (''Bycanistes subcylindricus'') also known as the grey-cheeked hornbill, is a large black and white hornbill. It has an oversized blackish bill with a large casque on top. The female is slightly smaller than t ...

, ''Bycanistes subcylindricus'' * Trumpeter hornbill, ''Bycanistes bucinator''

Kingfishers

Order:

Coraciiformes The Coraciiformes are a group of usually colourful birds including the kingfishers, the bee-eaters, the rollers, the motmots, and the todies. They generally have syndactyly, with three forward-pointing toes (and toes 3 & 4 fused at their base) ...

Family: Alcedinidae Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails. *

Half-collared kingfisher The half-collared kingfisher (''Alcedo semitorquata'') is a kingfisher in the subfamily Alcedininae that is found in southern and eastern Africa. It feeds almost exclusively on fish and frequents streams, rivers and larger bodies of water. The h ...

, ''Alcedo semitorquata'' * Shining-blue kingfisher, ''Alcedo quadribrachys'' (A) * Malachite kingfisher, ''Corythornis cristatus'' * White-bellied kingfisher, ''Corythornis leucogaster'' *

African pygmy kingfisher The African pygmy kingfisher (''Ispidina picta'') is a small insectivorous kingfisher found in the Afrotropics, mostly in woodland habitats. Taxonomy The African pygmy kingfisher was described by the French polymath Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comt ...

, ''Ispidina picta'' *

Gray-headed kingfisher The grey-headed kingfisher (''Halcyon leucocephala'') is a species of kingfisher that has a wide distribution from the Cape Verde Islands off the north-west coast of Africa to Mauritania, Senegal and Gambia, east to Ethiopia, Somalia and southern ...

, ''Halcyon leucocephala'' *

Woodland kingfisher The woodland kingfisher (''Halcyon senegalensis'') is a tree kingfisher that is widely distributed in Africa south of the Sahara. Taxonomy The Southern Africa naturalist Carl Linnaeus included the woodland kingfisher with the binomial name ...

, ''Halcyon senegalensis'' *

Mangrove kingfisher The mangrove kingfisher (''Halcyon senegaloides'') is a kingfisher in the genus ''Halcyon (genus), Halcyon''. It is similar in appearance to the woodland kingfisher. It is found along the eastern coastline of Sub-Saharan Africa, living in woodlan ...

, ''Halcyon senegaloides'' *

Blue-breasted kingfisher The blue-breasted kingfisher (''Halcyon malimbica'') is a tree kingfisher widely distributed across Equatorial Africa. This kingfisher is essentially resident, but retreats from drier savanna areas to wetter habitats in the dry season. This is ...

, ''Halcyon malimbica'' *

Brown-hooded kingfisher The brown-hooded kingfisher (''Halcyon albiventris'') is a species of bird in the subfamily Halcyoninae, the tree kingfishers. It has a brown head and blackish and turquoise wings. It is found in Sub-Saharan Africa, living in woodland, scrubland, ...

, ''Halcyon albiventris'' *

Striped kingfisher The striped kingfisher (''Halcyon chelicuti'') is a species of bird in the tree kingfisher subfamily. It was first described by Edward, Lord Stanley, in ''Salt's Voyage to Abyssinia''Salt (1816) in 1814 as "Chelicut kingfisher" ''Alaudo Chelic ...

, ''Halcyon chelicuti'' *

Giant kingfisher The giant kingfisher (''Megaceryle maxima'') is the largest kingfisher in Africa, where it is a resident breeding bird over most of the continent south of the Sahara Desert, other than the arid southwest. Taxonomy The first Species description, ...

, ''Megaceryle maximus'' * Pied kingfisher, ''Ceryle rudis''

Bee-eaters

Order:

Family:

Meropidae The bee-eaters are a group of non-passerine birds in the family Meropidae, containing three genera and thirty species. Most species are found in Africa and Asia, with a few in southern Europe, Australia, and New Guinea. They are characterised by ...

The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia, and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly colored plumage, slender bodies, and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colorful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar. *

Red-throated bee-eater The red-throated bee-eater (''Merops bulocki'') is a species of bird in the family Meropidae. This species is found in tropical Africa, in Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coas ...

, ''Merops bulocki'' (A) *

White-fronted bee-eater The white-fronted bee-eater (''Merops bullockoides'') is a species of bee-eater widely distributed in sub-equatorial Africa. They have a distinctive white forehead, a square tail and a bright red patch on their throat. They nest in small coloni ...

, ''Merops bullockoides'' *

Little bee-eater The little bee-eater (''Merops pusillus'') is a bird species in the bee-eater family, Meropidae. They are found in Sub-Saharan Africa. They should not be confused with the little green bee-eater (''Merops orientalis''). Migration is limited to se ...

, ''Merops pusillus'' * Blue-breasted bee-eater, ''Merops variegatus'' * Cinnamon-chested bee-eater, ''Merops oreobates'' *

Swallow-tailed bee-eater The swallow-tailed bee-eater (''Merops hirundineus'') is a near passerine bird in the bee-eater family (biology), family, Meropidae. Description This species, like other bee-eaters, is a richly coloured, slender bird. Its colours and readily ...

, ''Merops hirundineus'' * Somali bee-eater, ''Merops revoilii'' * White-throated bee-eater, ''Merops albicollis'' *

Böhm's bee-eater Böhm's bee-eater (''Merops boehmi'') is a species of bird in the family Meropidae. It is found in Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zambia Zambia (), officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked c ...

, ''Merops boehmi'' *

Blue-cheeked bee-eater The blue-cheeked bee-eater (''Merops persicus'') is a near passerine bird in the bee-eater family, Meropidae. The genus name ''Merops'' is Ancient Greek for "bee-eater", and ''persicus'' is Latin for "Persian". It breeds in Northern Africa, and ...

, ''Merops persicus'' * Madagascar bee-eater, ''Merops superciliosus'' * European bee-eater, ''Merops apiaster'' *

Northern carmine bee-eater The northern carmine bee-eater (''Merops nubicus'') is a brightly-coloured bird in the bee-eater family, Meropidae. It is found across northern tropical Africa, from Senegal eastwards to Somalia, Ethiopia and Kenya. It was formerly considered to ...

, ''Merops nubicus'' *

Southern carmine bee-eater The southern carmine bee-eater (''Merops nubicoides'') (formerly carmine bee-eater) occurs across sub-equatorial Africa. Description This species, like other bee-eaters, is richly coloured and is predominantly carmine in colouration, but the c ...

, ''Merops nubicoides''

Rollers

Order:

Family:

Coraciidae Coraciidae is a family of Old World birds, which is known as rollers because of the aerial acrobatics some of these birds perform during courtship or territorial flights. Rollers resemble crows in size and build, and share the colourful appearan ...

Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colorful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not. * European roller, ''Coracias garrulus'' * Lilac-breasted roller, ''Coracias caudatus'' * Racket-tailed roller, ''Coracias spatulatus'' * Rufous-crowned roller, ''Coracias naevius'' *

Broad-billed roller The broad-billed roller (''Eurystomus glaucurus'') is a member of the roller family of birds which breeds across tropical Africa and Madagascar in all but the driest regions. It is a wet season breeder, which migrates from the northern and south ...

, ''Eurystomus glaucurus''

African barbets

Order: PiciformesFamily: Lybiidae The African barbets are plump birds with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly colored. *

Crested barbet The crested barbet (''Trachyphonus vaillantii'') ('trachys'=rough, 'phone'=voice, sound') is a sub-Saharan bird in the Lybiidae family. Its specific name commemorates François Levaillant, a famed French naturalist. Description With its thick b ...

, ''Trachyphonus vaillantii'' *

Red-and-yellow barbet The red-and-yellow barbet (''Trachyphonus erythrocephalus'') is a species of African barbet found in eastern Africa. Males have distinctive black (spotted white), red, and yellow plumage; females and juveniles are similar, but less brightly color ...

, ''Trachyphonus erythrocephalus'' * D'Arnaud's barbet, ''Trachyphonus darnaudii'' * Gray-throated barbet, ''Gymnobucco bonapartei'' *

White-eared barbet The white-eared barbet (''Stactolaema leucotis'') is a species of bird in the family Lybiidae (African barbets). It is found in Eswatini, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. Gallery Image:White-eared Barbet (Stactol ...

, ''Stactolaema leucotis'' *

Whyte's barbet Whyte's barbet (''Stactolaema whytii'') is a species of bird in the family Lybiidae (African barbets). It is found in Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe Zimbabwe (), officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked ...

, ''Stactolaema whytii'' * Green barbet, ''Stactolaema olivacea'' * Green tinkerbird, ''Pogoniulus simplex'' * Moustached tinkerbird, ''Pogoniulus leucomystax'' *

Yellow-rumped tinkerbird The yellow-rumped tinkerbird (''Pogoniulus bilineatus'') is a bird species in the family Lybiidae (African barbets), which is native to the moist tropical and subtropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Relationships It used to be placed in the ...

, ''Pogoniulus bilineatus'' * Red-fronted tinkerbird, ''Pogoniulus pusillus'' * Yellow-fronted tinkerbird, ''Pogoniulus chrysoconus'' * Yellow-spotted barbet, ''Buccanodon duchaillui'' *

Hairy-breasted barbet The hairy-breasted barbet (''Tricholaema hirsuta'') is a species of bird in the family Lybiidae. It is found throughout the Tropical forest, Africa tropical rainforest. Taxonomy The species was described as ''Pogonias hirsutus'' by William John ...

, ''Tricholaema hirsuta'' *

Red-fronted barbet The red-fronted barbet (''Tricholaema diademata'') is a species of bird in the Lybiidae family. It is found in Ethiopia, Kenya, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda }), is a landlocked country in East Africa East Africa, Eastern Afric ...

, ''Tricholaema diademata'' * Miombo barbet, ''Tricholaema frontata'' * Spot-flanked barbet, ''Tricholaema lachrymosa'' * Black-throated barbet, ''Tricholaema melanocephala'' * White-headed barbet, ''Lybius leucocephalus'' *

Red-faced barbet The red-faced barbet (''Lybius rubrifacies'') is a species of bird in the African barbet family Lybiidae. It is found in Burundi, Rwanda, Northwest Tanzania, and Southwest Uganda. Its natural habitats are dry savanna, moist savanna, and arable l ...

, ''Lybius rubrifacies'' (near-threatened) * Black-billed barbet, ''Lybius guifsobalito'' * Black-collared barbet, ''Lybius torquatus'' * Brown-breasted barbet, ''Lybius melanopterus'' * Black-backed barbet, ''Lybius minor'' * Double-toothed barbet, ''Lybius bidentatus''

Honeyguides

Order: PiciformesFamily: Indicatoridae Honeyguides are among the few birds that feed on

wax Waxes are a diverse class of organic compounds that are lipophilic, malleable solids near ambient temperatures. They include higher alkanes and lipids, typically with melting points above about 40 °C (104 °F), melting to give low ...

. They are named for the

greater honeyguide The greater honeyguide (''Indicator indicator'') is a bird in the family Indicatoridae, paleotropical near passerine birds related to the woodpeckers. Its English and scientific names refer to its habit of guiding people to bee colonies. Claims t ...

which leads traditional honey-hunters to bees' nests and, after the hunters have harvested the honey, feeds on the remaining contents of the hive. *

Green-backed honeyguide The green-backed honeybird (''Prodotiscus zambesiae''), also known as the eastern green-backed honeyguide, green-backed honeyguide and slender-billed honeyguide, is a species of bird in the family Indicatoridae. Range It is found in Angola, Bots ...

, ''Prodotiscus zambesiae'' *

Wahlberg's honeyguide The brown-backed honeybird (''Prodotiscus regulus''), also known as Wahlberg's honeybird, Wahlberg's honeyguide and sharp-billed honeyguide, is a species of bird in the family Indicatoridae. This bird is named after the Swedish naturalist Johan A ...

, ''Prodotiscus regulus'' *

Pallid honeyguide The pallid honeyguide (''Indicator meliphilus'') is a species of bird in the family Indicatoridae. The species is also known as the eastern least honyeguide. It is found in Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanz ...

, ''Indicator meliphilus'' *

Least honeyguide The least honeyguide (''Indicator exilis'') is a species of bird in the family Indicatoridae Honeyguides (family Indicatoridae) are near passerine birds in the order Piciformes. They are also known as indicator birds, or honey birds, although ...

, ''Indicator exilis'' *

Lesser honeyguide The lesser honeyguide (''Indicator minor'') is a species of bird in the family Indicatoridae. Range It is found in Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Rep ...

, ''Indicator minor'' *

Scaly-throated honeyguide The scaly-throated honeyguide (''Indicator variegatus'') is a species of bird in the family Indicatoridae. Range thumb , left , 200px , Dorsal view, Arabuko-Sokoke Forest, coastal Kenya It is found in Angola, Burundi, DRC, Eswatini, Ethiopia, ...

, ''Indicator variegatus'' *

Greater honeyguide The greater honeyguide (''Indicator indicator'') is a bird in the family Indicatoridae, paleotropical near passerine birds related to the woodpeckers. Its English and scientific names refer to its habit of guiding people to bee colonies. Claims t ...

, ''Indicator indicator''

Woodpeckers

Order: PiciformesFamily:

Picidae Woodpeckers are part of the bird family Picidae, which also includes the piculets, wrynecks, and sapsuckers. Members of this family are found worldwide, except for Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, Madagascar, and the extreme polar regions. M ...

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks. *

Eurasian wryneck The Eurasian wryneck or northern wryneck (''Jynx torquilla'') is a species of wryneck in the woodpecker family. This species mainly breeds in temperate regions of Europe and Asia. Most populations are migratory, wintering in tropical Africa and ...

, ''Jynx torquilla'' (A) * Rufous-necked wryneck, ''Jynx ruficollis'' * Cardinal woodpecker, ''Chloropicus fuscescens'' *

Bearded woodpecker The bearded woodpecker (''Chloropicus namaquus'') is a species of bird in the family Picidae. It has a distinctive black and white head and brownish barred body. It is native to tropical central Africa. It has an extremely wide range and is a fa ...

, ''Chloropicus namaquus'' * Golden-crowned woodpecker, ''Chloropicus xantholophus'' (A) * Stierling's woodpecker, ''Chloropicus stierlingi'' (near-threatened) * Brown-backed woodpecker, ''Chloropicus obsoletus'' * African gray woodpecker, ''Chloropicus goertae'' * Mountain gray woodpecker, ''Chloropicus spodocephalus'' *

Olive woodpecker The olive woodpecker (''Dendropicos griseocephalus'') is a species of bird in the woodpecker family Picidae. Taxonomy The olive woodpecker was described by the French polymath Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon in 1780 in his ''Histoire Natu ...

, ''Chloropicus griseocephalus'' *

Brown-eared woodpecker The brown-eared woodpecker (''Pardipicus caroli'') is a species of bird in the family Picidae. It is native to the African tropical rainforest. There are two subspecies; ''P. c. caroli'' in the eastern part of its range and ''P. c. arizela'', ...

, ''Campethera caroli'' *

Buff-spotted woodpecker The buff-spotted woodpecker (''Campethera nivosa'') is a species of bird in the family Picidae. It is native to large parts of tropical central Africa. It has an extremely wide range and is an uncommon species, and the International Union for Co ...

, ''Campethera nivosa'' * Tullberg's woodpecker, ''Campethera tullbergi'' *

Green-backed woodpecker The little spotted woodpecker or green-backed woodpecker (''Campethera cailliautii''), is a species of bird in the family Picidae. It is native to large parts of tropical central Africa. It has an extensive range and is an uncommon species, and t ...

, ''Campethera cailliautii'' * Nubian woodpecker, ''Campethera nubica'' * Bennett's woodpecker, ''Campethera bennettii'' *

Reichenow's woodpecker The speckle-throated woodpecker (''Campethera scriptoricauda''), also known as Reichenow's woodpecker, is an East African woodpecker often considered a subspecies of Bennett's woodpecker. The bird is named after the German ornithologist Anton Rei ...

, ''Campethera scriptoricauda'' *

Golden-tailed woodpecker The golden-tailed woodpecker (''Campethera abingoni'') is a species of bird in the family Picidae. Its specific name commemorates the 5th Earl of Abingdon. It belongs to a species complex that includes the Knysna woodpecker to the south of its ...

, ''Campethera abingoni'' *

Mombasa woodpecker The Mombasa woodpecker (''Campethera mombassica'') is a species of bird in the family Picidae. It is found in Kenya, Somalia, and Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), ...

, ''Campethera mombassica''

Falcons and caracaras

Order: FalconiformesFamily:

Falconidae The falcons and caracaras are around 60 species of diurnal birds of prey that make up the family Falconidae (representing all extant species in the order Falconiformes). The family is divided into three subfamilies, Herpetotherinae, which inclu ...

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons. *

Pygmy falcon The pygmy falcon (''Polihierax semitorquatus'') or African pygmy falcon is a bird species native to eastern and southern Africa. It is the smallest bird of prey on the continent. Description Adult pygmy falcons are white below and on the face, ...

, ''Polihierax semitorquatus'' * Lesser kestrel, ''Falco naumanni'' *

Eurasian kestrel The common kestrel (''Falco tinnunculus'') is a bird of prey species belonging to the kestrel group of the falcon family Falconidae. It is also known as the European kestrel, Eurasian kestrel, or Old World kestrel. In the United Kingdom, where no ...

, ''Falco tinnunculus'' *

Rock kestrel The rock kestrel (''Falco rupicolus'') is a bird of prey species belonging to the kestrel group of the falcon family (biology), family Falconidae. It was previously considered a subspecies of the common kestrel (''Falco tinnunculus''). This spec ...

, ''Falco rupicolus'' *

Greater kestrel The greater kestrel (''Falco rupicoloides'') or white-eyed kestrel, is a bird of prey belonging to the falcon family Falconidae. It is one of the largest kestrels and is found in open country in southern and eastern Africa. Description The pl ...

, ''Falco rupicoloides'' *

Fox kestrel The fox kestrel (''Falco alopex'') is a bird of prey belonging to the falcon family Falconidae. It is found in arid, open country in the northern part of Sub-Saharan Africa. Description It is a large, slender kestrel with long, narrow wings and ...

, ''Falco alopex'' * Gray kestrel, ''Falco ardosiaceus'' *

Dickinson's kestrel Dickinson's kestrel (''Falco dickinsoni'') is a bird of prey of southern and eastern Africa belonging to the falcon family Falconidae. It is named after John Dickinson, an English physician and missionary who collected the type specimen. It is a ...

, ''Falco dickinsoni'' * Red-necked falcon, ''Falco chicquera'' *

Red-footed falcon The red-footed falcon (''Falco vespertinus''), formerly the western red-footed falcon, is a bird of prey. It belongs to the family Falconidae, the falcons. This bird is found in eastern Europe and Asia although its numbers are dwindling rapidly ...

, ''Falco vespertinus'' (near-threatened) *

Amur falcon The Amur falcon (''Falco amurensis'') is a small raptor of the falcon family. It breeds in south-eastern Siberia and Northern China before migrating in large flocks across India and over the Arabian Sea to winter in Southern and East Africa. ...

, ''Falco amurensis'' * Eleonora's falcon, ''Falco eleonorae'' *

Sooty falcon The sooty falcon (''Falco concolor'') is a medium-sized falcon breeding from northeastern Africa to the southern Persian Gulf region. The word sooty means to be covered in soot (ash), and is used to describe the color of the Sooty Falcon. Hence, ...

, ''Falco concolor'' (vulnerable) *

Eurasian hobby The Eurasian hobby (''Falco subbuteo'') or just hobby, is a small, slim falcon. It belongs to a rather close-knit group of similar falcons often considered a subgenus '' Hypotriorchis''. Taxonomy and systematics The first formal description of ...

, ''Falco subbuteo'' *

African hobby The African hobby (''Falco cuvierii'') is a small species of bird of prey in the family Falconidae. Description A small, slim falcon with blackish upperparts and deep rufous underparts with rufous cheek, nape and throat. At close range black st ...

, ''Falco cuvierii'' * Lanner falcon, ''Falco biarmicus'' * Saker falcon, ''Falco cherrug'' (A) (endangered) *

Peregrine falcon The peregrine falcon (''Falco peregrinus''), also known as the peregrine, and historically as the duck hawk in North America, is a Cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan bird of prey (Bird of prey, raptor) in the family (biology), family Falco ...

, ''Falco peregrinus'' * Taita falcon, ''Falco fasciinucha'' (vulnerable)

Old World parrots

Order: PsittaciformesFamily:

Psittaculidae Psittaculidae is a family containing Old World parrots. It consists of five subfamilies: Agapornithinae, Loriinae, Platycercinae, Psittacellinae and Psittaculinae. This family has been accepted into ''The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World' ...

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from to in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand. * Red-headed lovebird, ''Agapornis pullarius'' * Fischer's lovebird, ''Agapornis fischeri'' (near-threatened) * Yellow-collared lovebird, ''Agapornis personatus'' (E) * Lilian's lovebird, ''Agapornis lilianae'' (near-threatened)

African and New World parrots

Order: PsittaciformesFamily: Psittacidae Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from to in length. Most of the more than 150 species in this family are found in the New World. * Gray parrot, ''Psittacus erithacus'' *

Brown-necked parrot The brown-necked parrot (''Poicephalus fuscicollis''), sometimes known in aviculture as the uncape parrot, is a large ''Poicephalus'' parrot species endemic to Africa. It consists of two subspecies: the savanna-dwelling brown-necked parrot ('' ...

, ''Poicephalus fuscicollis'' * Red-fronted parrot, ''Poicephalus gulielmi'' *

Meyer's parrot Meyer's parrot (''Poicephalus meyeri''), also known as the brown parrot, is a species of parrot native to Africa. A Meyer's parrot has grey feathers, turquoise belly, blue rump, and bright yellow markings on the carpal joint of the wings. Most ...

, ''Poicephalus meyeri'' *

Brown-headed parrot The brown-headed parrot (''Poicephalus cryptoxanthus'') is a south-eastern African parrot. Description The general plumage colour is green, indeed Sinclair et al., (1993) describe the species as “the greenest parrot of the sub-region”. The ...

, ''Poicephalus cryptoxanthus'' *

Red-bellied parrot The red-bellied parrot (''Poicephalus rufiventris'') is a small African parrot about 23 cm (9 in) long of the genus ''Poicephalus''. It is a mostly greenish and grey parrot. Males have a bright orange belly and females have a greenish ...

, ''Poicephalus rufiventris''

African broadbills

Order: PasseriformesFamily:

Eurylaimidae The Eurylaimidae are a family of suboscine passerine birds that occur from the eastern Himalayas to Indonesia and the Philippines. The family previously included the sapayoa from the Neotropics, the asities from Madagascar, and the Calyptomeni ...

The broadbills are small, brightly colored birds which feed on fruit and also take insects in flycatcher fashion, snapping their broad bills. Their habitat is canopies of wet forests. *

African broadbill The African broadbill (''Smithornis capensis''), also known as the black-capped broadbill or Delacour's broadbill, is a species of bird in the sub-oscine family Calyptomenidae. Description The African broadbill is a boldly streaked, largely br ...

, ''Smithornis capensis''

Pittas

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Pittidae Pittas are medium-sized by passerine standards and are stocky, with fairly long, strong legs, short tails, and stout bills. Many are brightly colored. They spend the majority of their time on wet forest floors, eating snails, insects and similar invertebrates. *

African pitta The African pitta (''Pitta angolensis'') is an Afrotropical bird of the family Pittidae. It is a locally common to uncommon species, resident and migratory in the west, and an intra-African migrant between equatorial and southeastern Africa. Th ...

, ''Pitta angolensis''

Cuckooshrikes

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Campephagidae The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly grayish with white and black, although some species are brightly colored. * Gray cuckooshrike, ''Coracina caesia'' *

White-breasted cuckooshrike The white-breasted cuckooshrike (''Ceblepyris pectoralis'') is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae. It is found in Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Iv ...

, ''Coracina pectoralis'' *

Black cuckooshrike The black cuckooshrike (''Campephaga flava'') is a species of bird in the cuckooshrike family Campephagidae. The species is closely related to Petit's cuckooshrike and the red-shouldered cuckooshrike, and forms a Species complex, superspecies wit ...

, ''Campephaga flava'' * Purple-throated cuckooshrike, ''Campephaga quiscalina''

Old World orioles

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Oriolidae The Old World orioles are colorful passerine birds. They are not related to the similar-appearing New World orioles. * Eurasian golden oriole, ''Oriolus oriolus'' * African golden oriole, ''Oriolus auratus'' *

Green-headed oriole The green-headed oriole (''Oriolus chlorocephalus''), or montane oriole, is a species of bird in the family Oriolidae. It is found in eastern Africa. Taxonomy and systematics Subspecies Three subspecies are recognized: * ''O. c. amani'' - Be ...

, ''Oriolus chlorocephalus'' * Western black-headed oriole, ''Oriolus brachyrynchus'' (A) * African black-headed oriole, ''Oriolus larvatus'' * Black-tailed oriole, ''Oriolus percivali''

Wattle-eyes and batises

Order: PasseriformesFamily:

Platysteiridae Platysteiridae is a family of small, stout passerine birds of the African tropics. The family contains the wattle-eyes, batises and shrike-flycatchers. They were previously classed as a subfamily of the Old World flycatchers, Muscicapidae. These ...

The wattle-eyes, or puffback flycatchers, are small stout passerine birds of the African tropics. They get their name from the brightly colored fleshy eye decorations found in most species in this group. *

Brown-throated wattle-eye The brown-throated wattle-eye (''Platysteira cyanea''), also known as the common wattle-eye or scarlet-spectacled wattle-eye, is a small, insectivorous passerine bird. The wattle-eyes were previously classed as a subfamily of the Old World flyca ...

, ''Platysteira cyanea'' *

Black-throated wattle-eye The black-throated wattle-eye (''Platysteira peltata'') is a species of bird in the family Platysteiridae. It is found in Angola, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eswatini, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, ...

, ''Platysteira peltata'' *

Chestnut wattle-eye The chestnut wattle-eye (''Platysteira castanea'') is a species of bird in the family Platysteiridae. It is found in Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ke ...

, ''Platysteira castanea'' *

Jameson's wattle-eye Jameson's wattle-eye (''Platysteira jamesoni'') is a species of bird in the family Platysteiridae. It is found in Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lo ...

, ''Platysteira jamesoni'' *

Yellow-bellied wattle-eye The yellow-bellied wattle-eye (''Platysteira concreta'') is a species of bird in the family Platysteiridae. It is found in Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, ...

, ''Platysteira concreta'' * Short-tailed batis, ''Batis mixta'' *

Dark batis The dark batis (''Batis crypta'') is a small passerine bird belonging to the genus '' Batis'' in the wattle-eye family, Platysteiridae. It is found in highland forest in south-west Tanzania, northern Malawi, and northern Mozambique. These birds ...

, ''Batis crypta'' (E) * Rwenzori batis, ''Batis diops'' *

Cape batis The Cape batis (''Batis capensis'') is a small, stout insect-eating passerine bird in the wattle-eye family. It is endemic to the Afromontane forests of southern Africa. Taxonomy In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a ...

, ''Batis capensis'' *

Chinspot batis The chinspot batis (''Batis molitor'') is a small songbird of the genus '' Batis'' in the family Platysteiridae which is a common and widespread species in the woodlands of southern Africa from the Eastern Cape north to 3°N in southern Kenya a ...

, ''Batis molitor'' *

Pale batis The pale batis (''Batis soror''), also known as the Mozambique batis or East coast batis is a species of small bird in the wattle-eyes family, Platysteiridae. It occurs in eastern Africa, mostly in lowland miombo woodland. Description The pale ...

, ''Batis soror'' * Western black-headed batis, ''Batis erlangeri'' * Eastern black-headed batis, ''Batis minor'' *

Pygmy batis The pygmy batis (''Batis perkeo'') is a very small insectivorous bird which finds its food foraging among leaves, it is a member of the wattle-eyes family, the Platysteiridae. It occurs in the dry savannahs of north-eastern Africa. Description ...

, ''Batis perkeo''

Vangas, helmetshrikes, and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Vangidae The helmetshrikes are similar in build to the shrikes, but tend to be colorful species with distinctive crests or other head ornaments, such as wattles, from which they get their name. * White helmetshrike, ''Prionops plumatus'' *

Gray-crested helmetshrike The gray-crested helmetshrike (''Prionops poliolophus'') is a species of bird in the Vanga family Vangidae, formerly usually included in the Malaconotidae. It is found in Kenya and Tanzania. Its natural habitats are dry savanna and subtropical ...

, ''Prionops poliolophus'' (near-threatened) *

Retz's helmetshrike Retz's helmetshrike (''Prionops retzii'') is a species of bird in the helmetshrike family Vangidae, formerly usually included in the Malaconotidae. Subspecies Four subspecies are recognized: * ''P. r. nigricans'' (Neumann, 1899) – south centr ...

, ''Prionops retzii'' *

Chestnut-fronted helmetshrike The chestnut-fronted helmetshrike (''Prionops scopifrons'') is a species of bird in the Vanga family Vangidae, formerly usually included in the Malaconotidae. It is found in Kenya, Mozambique, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. Its ...

, ''Prionops scopifrons'' * African shrike-flycatcher, ''Megabyas flammulatus'' *

Black-and-white shrike-flycatcher The black-and-white shrike-flycatcher (''Bias musicus''), also known as the black-and-white flycatcher or vanga flycatcher, is a species of passerine bird found in Africa. It was placed with the wattle-eyes and batises in the family Platysteiri ...

, ''Bias musicus''

Bushshrikes and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Malaconotidae Bushshrikes are similar in habits to shrikes, hunting insects and other small prey from a perch on a bush. Although similar in build to the shrikes, these tend to be either colorful species or largely black; some species are quite secretive. * Brubru, ''Nilaus afer'' *

Northern puffback The northern puffback (''Dryoscopus gambensis'') is a species of bird in the family Malaconotidae. It is found in northern sub-Saharan Africa. It forms a superspecies with the black-backed puffback, which replaces it in eastern equatorial and s ...

, ''Dryoscopus gambensis'' *

Pringle's puffback Pringle's puffback (''Dryoscopus pringlii'') is a species of bird in the family Malaconotidae. It is found in southern Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, and northern Tanzania. Its natural habitat is dry savanna A savanna or savannah is a mixed woo ...

, ''Dryoscopus pringlii'' *

Black-backed puffback The black-backed puffback (''Dryoscopus cubla'') is a species of passerine bird in the family Malaconotidae. They are common to fairly common sedentary bushshrikes in various wooded habitats in Africa south of the equator. They restlessly move ...

, ''Dryoscopus cubla'' *

Pink-footed puffback The pink-footed puffback (''Dryoscopus angolensis'') is a species of bird in the family Malaconotidae. It is found in western Central Africa as well as in the Albertine Rift montane forests and northern adjacent areas of Kenya, Uganda and the e ...

, ''Dryoscopus angolensis'' *

Marsh tchagra The marsh tchagra or blackcap bush-shrike (''Bocagia minuta'') is a species of passerine bird placed in the monotypic genus ''Bocagia'' in the family Malaconotidae. It is native to marshes in the tropics and subtropics of Africa. It is sometimes ...

, ''Tchagra minuta'' *Black-crowned tchagra, ''Tchagra senegala'' *Brown-crowned tchagra, ''Tchagra australis'' *Three-streaked tchagra, ''Tchagra jamesi'' *Lühder's bushshrike, ''Laniarius luehderi'' *Tropical boubou, ''Laniarius major'' *Zanzibar boubou, ''Laniarius sublacteus'' *Black-headed gonolek, ''Laniarius erythrogaster'' *Papyrus gonolek, ''Laniarius mufumbiri'' (A) (near-threatened) *Slate-colored boubou, ''Laniarius funebris'' *Fülleborn's boubou, ''Laniarius fuelleborni'' *Rosy-patched bushshrike, ''Rhodophoneus cruentus'' *Sulphur-breasted bushshrike, ''Telophorus sulfureopectus'' *Black-fronted bushshrike, ''Telophorus nigrifrons'' *Four-colored bushshrike, ''Telophorus viridis'' *Gray-headed bushshrike, ''Malaconotus blanchoti'' *Uluguru bushshrike, ''Malaconotus alius'' (E) (endangered)

Drongos

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Dicruridae The drongos are mostly black or dark gray in color, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright when perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground. *Common square-tailed drongo, ''Dicrurus ludwigii'' *Fork-tailed drongo, ''Dicrurus adsimilis''

Monarch flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Monarchidae The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by flycatching. *African crested-flycatcher, ''Trochocercus cyanomelas'' *Black-headed paradise-flycatcher, ''Terpsiphone rufiventer'' *African paradise-flycatcher, ''Terpsiphone viridis''

Shrikes

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Laniidae Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a raptor. *Red-backed shrike, ''Lanius collurio'' *Red-tailed shrike, ''Lanius phoenicuroides'' *Isabelline shrike, ''Lanius isabellinus'' (A) *Lesser gray shrike, ''Lanius minor'' *Gray-backed fiscal, ''Lanius excubitoroides'' *Long-tailed fiscal, ''Lanius cabanisi'' *Magpie shrike, ''Lanius melanoleucus'' *Taita fiscal, ''Lanius dorsalis'' *Mackinnon's shrike, ''Lanius mackinnoni'' *Northern fiscal, ''Lanius humeralis'' *Southern fiscal, ''Lanius collaris'' *Souza's shrike, ''Lanius souzae'' *Masked shrike, ''Lanius nubicus'' (A) *Woodchat shrike, ''Lanius senator'' *White-rumped shrike, ''Eurocephalus ruppelli''

Crows, jays, and magpies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Corvidae The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcracker (bird), nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence. *House crow, ''Corvus splendens'' (I) *Cape crow, ''Corvus capensis'' *Pied crow, ''Corvus albus'' *Somali crow, ''Corvus edithae'' *White-necked raven, ''Corvus albicollis''

Hyliotas

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hyliotidae The members of this small family, all of genus ''Hyliota'', are birds of the forest canopy. They tend to feed in mixed-species flocks. *Yellow-bellied hyliota, ''Hyliota flavigaster'' *Usambara hyliota, ''Hyliota usambara'' (E)(endangered)

Fairy flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Stenostiridae Most of the species of this small family are found in Africa, though a few inhabit tropical Asia. They are not closely related to other birds called "flycatchers". *African blue flycatcher, ''Elminia longicauda'' *White-tailed blue flycatcher, ''Elminia albicauda'' *Dusky crested flycatcher, Dusky crested-flycatcher, ''Elminia nigromitrata'' *White-tailed crested flycatcher, White-tailed crested-flycatcher, ''Elminia albonotata''

Tits, chickadees, and titmice

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Paridae The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects. *White-shouldered black-tit, ''Melaniparus guineensis'' *White-winged black-tit, ''Melaniparus leucomelas'' *Rufous-bellied tit, ''Melaniparus rufiventris'' *White-bellied tit, ''Melaniparus albiventris'' *Southern black-tit, ''Melaniparus niger'' *Miombo tit, ''Melaniparus griseiventris'' *Somali tit, ''Melaniparus thruppi'' *Red-throated tit, ''Melaniparus fringillinus''

Penduline-tits

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Remizidae The penduline tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores. *Mouse-coloured penduline tit, Mouse-colored penduline-tit, ''Anthoscopus musculus'' *African penduline tit, African penduline-tit, ''Anthoscopus caroli''

Larks

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Alaudidae Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds. *Spike-heeled lark, ''Chersomanes albofasciata'' *Dusky lark, ''Pinarocorys nigricans'' *Chestnut-backed sparrow-lark, ''Eremopterix leucotis'' *Fischer's sparrow-lark, ''Eremopterix leucopareia'' *Pink-breasted lark, ''Calendulauda poecilosterna'' *Fawn-colored lark, ''Calendulauda africanoides'' *Red-winged lark, ''Mirafra hypermetra'' *Rufous-naped lark, ''Mirafra africana'' *Angola lark, ''Mirafra angolensis'' *Flappet lark, ''Mirafra rufocinnamomea'' *Friedmann's lark, ''Mirafra pulpa'' (population data deficient) *White-tailed lark, ''Mirafra albicauda'' *Latakoo lark, ''Mirafra cheniana'' (A) *Horsfield's bushlark, ''Mirafra javanica'' *Red-capped lark, ''Calandrella cinerea'' *Greater short-toed lark, ''Calandrella brachydactyla'' (A) *Somali short-toed lark, ''Alaudala somalica'' *Short-tailed lark, ''Spizocorys fremantlii''

Nicators

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Nicatoridae The nicators are shrike-like, with hooked bills. They are endemic to sub-Saharan Africa. *Western nicator, ''Nicator chloris'' *Eastern nicator, ''Nicator gularis''

African warblers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Macrosphenidae The African warblers are small to medium-sized insectivores which are found in a wide variety of habitats south of the Sahara. *Green crombec, ''Sylvietta virens'' *White-browed crombec, ''Sylvietta leucophrys'' *Northern crombec, ''Sylvietta brachyura'' *Red-capped crombec, ''Sylvietta ruficapilla'' *Red-faced crombec, ''Sylvietta whytii'' *Somali crombec, ''Sylvietta isabellina'' (A) *Cape crombec, ''Sylvietta rufescens'' *Moustached grass-warbler, ''Melocichla mentalis'' *Yellow longbill, ''Macrosphenus flavicans'' *Gray longbill, ''Macrosphenus concolor'' (A) *Kretschmer's longbill, ''Macrosphenus kretschmeri'' *Green hylia, ''Hylia prasina''

Cisticolas and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cisticolidae The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or gray appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub. *Yellow-vented eremomela, ''Eremomela flavicrissalis'' (A) *Yellow-bellied eremomela, ''Eremomela icteropygialis'' *Greencap eremomela, ''Eremomela scotops'' *Black-necked eremomela, ''Eremomela atricollis'' *White-chinned prinia, ''Schistolais leucopogon'' *African tailorbird, ''Artisornis metopias'' *Long-billed tailorbird, ''Artisornis moreaui'' *Miombo wren-warbler, ''Calamonastes undosus'' *Stierling's wren-warbler, ''Calamonastes stierlingi'' *Gray wren-warbler, ''Calamonastes simplex'' *Green-backed camaroptera, ''Camaroptera brachyura'' *Olive-green camaroptera, ''Camaroptera chloronota'' *Cricket longtail, ''Spiloptila clamans'' *Buff-bellied warbler, ''Phyllolais pulchella'' *Bar-throated apalis, ''Apalis thoracica'' *Taita apalis, ''Apalis fuscigularis'' (H) *Black-throated apalis, ''Apalis jacksoni'' *White-winged apalis, ''Apalis chariessa'' (near-threatened) *Masked apalis, ''Apalis binotata'' *Yellow-breasted apalis, ''Apalis flavida'' *Buff-throated apalis, ''Apalis rufogularis'' *Kungwe apalis, ''Apalis argentea'' *Chestnut-throated apalis, ''Apalis porphyrolaema'' *Chapin's apalis, ''Apalis chapini'' *Black-headed apalis, ''Apalis melanocephala'' *Gray apalis, ''Apalis cinerea'' *Brown-headed apalis, ''Apalis alticola'' *Karamoja apalis, ''Apalis karamojae'' (vulnerable) *Tawny-flanked prinia, ''Prinia subflava'' *Pale prinia, ''Prinia somalica'' (A) *Red-winged prinia, ''Prinia erythroptera'' *Red-fronted prinia, ''Prinia rufifrons'' *Mrs. Moreau's warbler, ''Scepomycter winifredae'' (E) (vulnerable) *Black-faced rufous-warbler, ''Bathmocercus rufus'' *Gray-capped warbler, ''Eminia lepida'' *Red-faced cisticola, ''Cisticola erythrops'' *Singing cisticola, ''Cisticola cantans'' *Trilling cisticola, ''Cisticola woosnami'' *Chubb's cisticola, ''Cisticola chubbi'' *Hunter's cisticola, ''Cisticola hunteri'' *Black-lored cisticola, ''Cisticola nigriloris'' *Kilombero cisticola, ''Cisticola bakerorum'' (E) *Rock-loving cisticola, ''Cisticola aberrans'' *Rattling cisticola, ''Cisticola chiniana'' *Ashy cisticola, ''Cisticola cinereolus'' *Wailing cisticola, ''Cisticola lais'' *Churring cisticola, ''Cisticola njombe'' *Coastal cisticola, ''Cisticola haematocephalus'' *White-tailed cisticola, ''Cisticola anderseni'' (E) *Chirping cisticola, ''Cisticola pipiens'' *Winding cisticola, ''Cisticola marginatus'' *Rufous-winged cisticola, ''Cisticola galactotes'' *Carruthers's cisticola, ''Cisticola carruthersi'' *Levaillant's cisticola, ''Cisticola tinniens'' (A) *Stout cisticola, ''Cisticola robustus'' *Croaking cisticola, ''Cisticola natalensis'' *Piping cisticola, ''Cisticola fulvicapillus'' *Tabora cisticola, ''Cisticola angusticaudus'' *Siffling cisticola, ''Cisticola brachypterus'' *Tiny cisticola, ''Cisticola nana'' *Zitting cisticola, ''Cisticola juncidis'' *Desert cisticola, ''Cisticola aridulus'' *Black-backed cisticola, ''Cisticola eximius'' (A) *Pectoral-patch cisticola, ''Cisticola brunnescens'' *Pale-crowned cisticola, ''Cisticola cinnamomeus'' *Wing-snapping cisticola, ''Cisticola ayresii''

Reed warblers and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Acrocephalidae The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa. *Eastern olivaceous warbler, ''Iduna pallida'' *African yellow-warbler, ''Iduna natalensis'' *Mountain yellow-warbler, ''Iduna similis'' *Upcher's warbler, ''Hippolais languida'' *Olive-tree warbler, ''Hippolais olivetorum'' *Icterine warbler, ''Hippolais icterina'' *Sedge warbler, ''Acrocephalus schoenobaenus'' *Marsh warbler, ''Acrocephalus palustris'' *Common reed warbler, ''Acrocephalus scirpaceus'' *Basra reed warbler, ''Acrocephalus griseldis'' (endangered) *Lesser swamp warbler, ''Acrocephalus gracilirostris'' *Greater swamp warbler, ''Acrocephalus rufescens'' *Great reed warbler, ''Acrocephalus arundinaceus''

Grassbirds and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Locustellidae Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over. *Bamboo warbler, ''Locustella alfredi'' *River warbler, ''Locustella fluviatilis'' *Fan-tailed grassbird, ''Catriscus brevirostris'' *Evergreen forest warbler, Evergreen-forest warbler, ''Bradypterus lopezi'' *Cinnamon bracken-warbler, ''Bradypterus cinnamomeus'' *Little rush warbler, ''Bradypterus baboecala'' *White-winged swamp warbler, ''Bradypterus carpalis'' *Highland rush warbler, ''Bradypterus centralis'' (A)

Swallows

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hirundinidae The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base. *Brown-throated martin, Plain martin, ''Riparia paludicola'' *Bank swallow, ''Riparia riparia'' *Banded martin, ''Neophedina cincta'' *Mascarene martin, ''Phedina borbonica'' *Rock martin, ''Ptyonoprogne fuligula'' *Barn swallow, ''Hirundo rustica'' *Ethiopian swallow, ''Hirundo aethiopica'' *Angola swallow, ''Hirundo angolensis'' *White-throated swallow, ''Hirundo albigularis'' *Wire-tailed swallow, ''Hirundo smithii'' *Pearl-breasted swallow, ''Hirundo dimidiata'' (A) *Montane blue swallow, ''Hirundo atrocaerulea'' (vulnerable) *Greater striped swallow, ''Cecropis cucullata'' (A) *Red-rumped swallow, ''Cecropis daurica'' *Lesser striped swallow, ''Cecropis abyssinica'' *Rufous-chested swallow, ''Cecropis semirufa'' *Mosque swallow, ''Cecropis senegalensis'' *Common house-martin, ''Delichon urbicum'' *White-headed sawwing, ''Psalidoprocne albiceps'' *Black sawwing, ''Psalidoprocne pristoptera'' *Gray-rumped swallow, ''Pseudhirundo griseopyga''

Bulbuls

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Pycnonotidae Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colorful with yellow, red, or orange vents, cheeks, throats, or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests. *Sombre greenbul, ''Andropadus importunus'' *Slender-billed greenbul, ''Stelgidillas gracilirostris'' *Red-tailed bristlebill, ''Bleda syndactylus'' *Lesser bristlebill, ''Bleda notatus'' *Shelley's greenbul, ''Arizelocichla masukuensis'' *Eastern mountain greenbul, ''Arizelocichla nigriceps'' *Uluguru mountain greenbul, ''Arizelocichla neumanni'' (E) *Yellow-throated mountain greenbul, ''Arizelocichla chlorigula'' (E) *Black-browed mountain greenbul, ''Arizelocichla fusciceps'' (E) *Stripe-cheeked bulbul, ''Arizelocichla milanjensis'' *Yellow-bellied greenbul, ''Chlorocichla flaviventris'' *Joyful greenbul, ''Chlorocichla laetissima'' (A) *Honeyguide greenbul, ''Baeopogon indicator'' (A) *Yellow-throated greenbul, ''Atimastillas flavicollis'' *Spotted greenbul, ''Ixonotus guttatus'' *Gray greenbul, ''Eurillas gracilis'' (A) *Plain greenbul, ''Eurillas curvirostris'' *Yellow-whiskered bulbul, ''Eurillas latirostris'' *Little greenbul, ''Eurillas virens'' *Red-tailed leaflove, Leaf-love, ''Phyllastrephus scandens'' *Terrestrial brownbul, ''Phyllastrephus terrestris'' *Northern brownbul, ''Phyllastrephus strepitans'' *Gray-olive greenbul, ''Phyllastrephus cerviniventris'' *Baumann's greenbul, ''Phyllastrephus baumanni'' (A) *Toro olive-greenbul, ''Phyllastrephus hypochloris'' (A) *Fischer's greenbul, ''Phyllastrephus fischeri'' *Cabanis's greenbul, ''Phyllastrephus cabanisi'' *Icterine greenbul, ''Phyllastrephus icterinus'' *Xavier's greenbul, ''Phyllastrephus xavieri'' *Yellow-streaked bulbul, ''Phyllastrephus flavostriatus'' *Lowland tiny greenbul, Tiny greenbul, ''Phyllastrephus debilis'' *Usambara greenbul, ''Phyllastrephus albigula'' (E) (near-threatened) *Common bulbul, ''Pycnonotus barbatus''

Leaf warblers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Phylloscopidae Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with grayish-green to grayish-brown colors. *Wood warbler, ''Phylloscopus sibilatrix'' *Willow warbler, ''Phylloscopus trochilus'' *Common chiffchaff, ''Phylloscopus collybita'' *Brown woodland-warbler, ''Phylloscopus umbrovirens'' *Yellow-throated woodland-warbler, ''Phylloscopus ruficapillus'' *Laura's woodland-warbler, ''Phylloscopus laurae'' *Uganda woodland-warbler, ''Phylloscopus budongoensis''

Bush warblers and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cettiidae, Scotocercidae The members of this family are found throughout Africa, Asia, and Polynesia. Their taxonomy is in flux, and some authorities place genus ''Erythrocerus'' in another family.Gill, F. and D. Donsker (Eds). 2019. IOC World Bird List (v 9.2). Doi 10.14344/IOC.ML.9.2. http://www.worldbirdnames.org/ retrieved June 22, 2019. *Yellow flycatcher, ''Erythrocercus holochlorus'' *Livingstone's flycatcher, ''Erythrocercus livingstonei''

Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sylviidae The family Sylviidae ("Old World warblers") is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as one common name implies, in Europe, Asia, and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs. *Eurasian blackcap, ''Sylvia atricapilla'' *Garden warbler, ''Sylvia borin'' *African hill babbler, ''Sylvia abyssinica'' *Rwenzori hill babbler, ''Sylvia atriceps'' *Barred warbler, ''Curruca nisoria'' *Banded parisoma, ''Curruca boehmi'' *Brown parisoma, ''Curruca lugens'' *Greater whitethroat, ''Curruca communis''

White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Zosteropidae The white-eyes are small and mostly undistinguished, their plumage above being generally some dull color like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast, or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye. *Pale white-eye, ''Zosterops flavilateralis'' *Mbulu white-eye, ''Zosterops mbuluensis'' *Green white-eye, ''Zosterops stuhlmanni'' *Kilimanjaro white-eye, ''Zosterops eurycricotus'' (E) *Northern yellow white-eye, ''Zosterops senegalensis'' *South Pare white-eye, ''Zosterops winifredae'' (E) (vulnerable) *Southern yellow white-eye, ''Zosterops anderssoni'' *Pemba white-eye, ''Zosterops vaughani'' (E)

Ground babblers and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Pellorneidae These small to medium-sized songbirds have soft fluffy plumage but are otherwise rather diverse. Members of the genus ''Illadopsis'' are found in forests, but some other genera are birds of scrublands. *Brown illadopsis, ''Illadopsis fulvescens'' *Pale-breasted illadopsis, ''Illadopsis rufipennis'' *Mountain illadopsis, ''Illadopsis pyrrhoptera'' *Scaly-breasted illadopsis, ''Illadopsis albipectus''

Laughingthrushes and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Leiothrichidae The members of this family are diverse in size and coloration, though those of genus ''Turdoides'' tend to be brown or grayish. The family is found in Africa, India, and southeast Asia. *Rufous chatterer, ''Argya rubiginosa'' *Scaly chatterer, ''Argya aylmeri'' *Brown babbler, ''Turdoides plebejus'' (A) *Scaly babbler, ''Turdoides squamulata'' *Arrow-marked babbler, ''Turdoides jardineii'' *Hartlaub's babbler, ''Turdoides hartlaubii'' *Black-lored babbler, ''Turdoides sharpei'' *Northern pied-babbler, ''Turdoides hypoleucus''

Treecreepers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Certhiidae Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees. *African spotted creeper, ''Salpornis salvadori''

Oxpeckers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Buphagidae As both the English and scientific names of these birds imply, they feed on ectoparasites, primarily ticks, found on large mammals. *Red-billed oxpecker, ''Buphagus erythrorynchus'' *Yellow-billed oxpecker, ''Buphagus africanus''

Starlings

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sturnidae Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen. *Wattled starling, ''Creatophora cinerea'' *Rosy starling, ''Pastor roseus'' (A) *Violet-backed starling, ''Cinnyricinclus leucogaster'' *Slender-billed starling, ''Onychognathus tenuirostris'' *Neumann's starling, ''Onychognathus neumanni'' *Red-winged starling, ''Onychognathus morio'' *Chestnut-winged starling, ''Onychognathus fulgidus'' *Waller's starling, ''Onychognathus walleri'' *Babbling starling, ''Neocichla gutturalis'' *Magpie starling, ''Speculipastor bicolor'' (A) *Sharpe's starling, ''Pholia sharpii'' *Abbott's starling, ''Poeoptera femoralis'' (vulnerable) *Stuhlmann's starling, ''Poeoptera stuhlmanni'' *Kenrick's starling, ''Poeoptera kenricki'' *Black-bellied starling, ''Notopholia corrusca'' *Hildebrandt's starling, ''Lamprotornis hildebrandti'' *Shelley's starling, ''Lamprotornis shelleyi'' (A) *Rüppell's starling, ''Lamprotornis purpuropterus'' *Ashy starling, ''Lamprotornis unicolor'' *Splendid starling, ''Lamprotornis splendidus'' *Golden-breasted starling, ''Lamprotornis regius'' *Superb starling, ''Lamprotornis superbus'' *Fischer's starling, ''Lamprotornis fischeri'' *Lesser blue-eared starling, ''Lamprotornis chloropterus'' *Sharp-tailed starling, ''Lamprotornis acuticaudus'' *Greater blue-eared starling, ''Lamprotornis chalybaeus''

Thrushes and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Turdidae The Thrush (bird), thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs. *Rufous flycatcher-thrush, ''Neocossyphus fraseri'' *Red-tailed ant-thrush, ''Neocossyphus rufus'' *White-tailed ant-thrush, ''Neocossyphus poensis'' *Spotted ground-thrush, ''Geokichla guttata'' (A) (endangered) *Abyssinian ground-thrush, ''Geokichla piaggiae'' *Orange ground-thrush, ''Geokichla gurneyi'' *Groundscraper thrush, ''Turdus litsitsirupa'' *Abyssinian thrush, ''Turdus abyssinicus'' *Usambara thrush, ''Turdus roehli'' (E) (near-threatened) *African bare-eyed thrush, ''Turdus tephronotus'' *Kurrichane thrush, ''Turdus libonyana'' *African thrush, ''Turdus pelios''

Old World flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Muscicapidae Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls. *African dusky flycatcher, ''Muscicapa adusta'' *Spotted flycatcher, ''Muscicapa striata'' *Swamp flycatcher, ''Muscicapa aquatica'' *Böhm's flycatcher, ''Muscicapa boehmi'' *Sooty flycatcher, ''Muscicapa infuscata'' (A) *African gray flycatcher, ''Bradornis microrhynchus'' *Pale flycatcher, ''Agricola pallidus'' *Gray-throated tit-flycatcher, ''Fraseria griseigularis'' *Gray tit-flycatcher, ''Fraseria plumbea'' *Ashy flycatcher, ''Fraseria caerulescens'' *Silverbird (bird), Silverbird, ''Empidornis semipartitus'' *Northern black-flycatcher, ''Melaenornis edolioides'' *Southern black-flycatcher, ''Melaenornis pammelaina'' *White-eyed slaty-flycatcher, ''Melaenornis fischeri'' *Fire-crested alethe, ''Alethe castanea'' *Bearded scrub-robin, ''Cercotrichas quadrivirgata'' *Miombo scrub-robin, ''Cercotrichas barbata'' *Rufous-tailed scrub-robin, ''Cercotrichas galactotes'' (A) *Brown-backed scrub-robin, ''Cercotrichas hartlaubi'' *Red-backed scrub-robin, ''Cercotrichas leucophrys'' *Olive-flanked robin-chat, ''Cossypha anomala'' *Cape robin-chat, ''Cossypha caffra'' *Blue-shouldered robin-chat, ''Cossypha cyanocampter'' *Gray-winged robin-chat, ''Cossypha polioptera'' *Rüppell's robin-chat, ''Cossypha semirufa'' *White-browed robin-chat, ''Cossypha heuglini'' *Red-capped robin-chat, ''Cossypha natalensis'' *Snowy-crowned robin-chat, ''Cossypha niveicapilla'' *Collared palm-thrush, ''Cichladusa arquata'' *Spotted morning-thrush, ''Cichladusa guttata'' *White-starred robin, ''Pogonocichla stellata'' *Swynnerton's robin, ''Swynnertonia swynnertoni'' (vulnerable) *Brown-chested alethe, ''Chamaetylas poliocephala'' *White-chested alethe, ''Chamaetylas fuelleborni'' *Yellow-breasted forest robin, ''Stiphrornis mabirae'' *Short-tailed akalat, ''Sheppardia poensis'' *Bocage's akalat, ''Sheppardia bocagei'' *Lowland akalat, ''Sheppardia cyornithopsis'' *Sharpe's akalat, ''Sheppardia sharpei'' *East coast akalat, ''Sheppardia gunningi'' (near-threatened) *Usambara akalat, ''Sheppardia montana'' (E) (endangered) *Iringa akalat, ''Sheppardia lowei'' (E) (vulnerable) *Rubeho akalat, ''Sheppardia aurantiithorax'' (E) (endangered) *White-throated robin, ''Irania gutturalis'' *Thrush nightingale, ''Luscinia luscinia'' *Common nightingale, ''Luscinia megarhynchos'' *Semicollared flycatcher, ''Ficedula semitorquata'' *Collared flycatcher, ''Ficedula albicollis'' (A) *Common redstart, ''Phoenicurus phoenicurus'' (A) *Little rock-thrush, ''Monticola rufocinereus'' *Rufous-tailed rock-thrush, ''Monticola saxatilis'' *Miombo rock-thrush, ''Monticola angolensis'' *Whinchat, ''Saxicola rubetra'' *African stonechat, ''Saxicola torquatus'' *Moorland chat, ''Pinarochroa sordida'' *Mocking cliff-chat, ''Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris'' *Sooty chat, ''Myrmecocichla nigra'' *Northern anteater-chat, ''Myrmecocichla aethiops'' *Arnot's chat, ''Myrmecocichla arnotti'' *Northern wheatear, ''Oenanthe oenanthe'' *Capped wheatear, ''Oenanthe pileata'' *Isabelline wheatear, ''Oenanthe isabellina'' *Pied wheatear, ''Oenanthe pleschanka'' *Familiar chat, ''Oenanthe familiaris'' *Abyssinian wheatear, ''Oenanthe lugubris'' *Mourning wheatear, ''Oenanthe lugens''

Dapple-throat and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Modulatricidae These species and one other, all of different genera, were formerly placed in family Promeropidae, the sugarbirds, but were accorded their own family in 2017. *Spot-throat, ''Modulatrix stictigula'' *Dapple-throat, ''Arcanator orostruthus'' (vulnerable)

Sunbirds and spiderhunters

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Nectariniidae The sunbirds and spiderhunters are very small passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed. *Fraser's sunbird, ''Deleornis fraseri'' *Gray-headed sunbird, ''Deleornis axillaris'' *Plain-backed sunbird, ''Anthreptes reichenowi'' (near-threatened) *Anchieta's sunbird, ''Anthreptes anchietae'' *Western violet-backed sunbird, ''Anthreptes longuemarei'' *Eastern violet-backed sunbird, ''Anthreptes orientalis'' *Uluguru violet-backed sunbird, ''Anthreptes neglectus'' *Little green sunbird, ''Anthreptes seimundi'' (A) *Green sunbird, ''Anthreptes rectirostris'' *Banded sunbird, ''Anthreptes rubritorques'' (E) (vulnerable) *Collared sunbird, ''Hedydipna collaris'' *Amani sunbird, ''Hedydipna pallidigaster'' (endangered) *Green-headed sunbird, ''Cyanomitra verticalis'' *Blue-throated brown sunbird, ''Cyanomitra cyanolaema'' *Olive sunbird, ''Cyanomitra olivacea'' *Mouse-colored sunbird, ''Cyanomitra veroxii'' *Green-throated sunbird, ''Chalcomitra rubescens'' *Amethyst sunbird, ''Chalcomitra amethystina'' *Scarlet-chested sunbird, ''Chalcomitra senegalensis'' *Hunter's sunbird, ''Chalcomitra hunteri'' *Tacazze sunbird, ''Nectarinia tacazze'' *Bronze sunbird, ''Nectarinia kilimensis'' *Malachite sunbird, ''Nectarinia famosa'' *Red-tufted sunbird, ''Nectarinia johnstoni'' *Golden-winged sunbird, ''Drepanorhynchus reichenowi'' *Olive-bellied sunbird, ''Cinnyris chloropygius'' *Western Miombo sunbird, ''Cinnyris gertrudis'' *Eastern Miombo sunbird, ''Cinnyris manoensis'' *Montane double-collared sunbird, ''Cinnyris ludovicensis'' *Regal sunbird, ''Cinnyris regius'' *Eastern double-collared sunbird, ''Cinnyris mediocris'' *Usambara double-collared sunbird, ''Cinnyris usambaricus'' (near-threatened) *Forest double-collared sunbird, ''Cinnyris fuelleborni'' *Moreau's sunbird, ''Cinnyris moreaui'' (E) (near-threatened) *Loveridge's sunbird, ''Cinnyris loveridgei'' (E) (endangered) *Beautiful sunbird, ''Cinnyris pulchellus'' *Mariqua sunbird, ''Cinnyris mariquensis'' *Shelley's sunbird, ''Cinnyris shelleyi'' *Red-chested sunbird, ''Cinnyris erythrocerca'' *Black-bellied sunbird, ''Cinnyris nectarinioides'' *Purple-banded sunbird, ''Cinnyris bifasciatus'' *Tsavo sunbird, ''Cinnyris tsavoensis'' *Violet-breasted sunbird, ''Cinnyris chalcomelas'' *Pemba sunbird, ''Cinnyris pembae'' (E) *Orange-tufted sunbird, ''Cinnyris bouvieri'' (A) *Superb sunbird, ''Cinnyris superbus'' *Rufous-winged sunbird, ''Cinnyris rufipennis'' (E) (vulnerable) *Oustalet's sunbird, ''Cinnyris oustaleti'' *White-breasted sunbird, ''Cinnyris talatala'' *Variable sunbird, ''Cinnyris venustus'' *Copper sunbird, ''Cinnyris cupreus''

Weavers and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Ploceidae The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly colored, usually in red or yellow and black, and some species show variation in color only in the breeding season. *White-billed buffalo-weaver, ''Bubalornis albirostris'' (A) *Red-billed buffalo-weaver, ''Bubalornis niger'' *White-headed buffalo-weaver, ''Dinemellia dinemelli'' *Speckle-fronted weaver, ''Sporopipes frontalis'' *White-browed sparrow-weaver, ''Plocepasser mahali'' *Chestnut-backed sparrow-weaver, ''Plocepasser rufoscapulatus'' *Rufous-tailed weaver, ''Histurgops ruficauda'' *Gray-headed social-weaver, ''Pseudonigrita arnaudi'' *Black-capped social-weaver, ''Pseudonigrita cabanisi'' *Red-headed malimbe, ''Malimbus rubricollis'' *Red-headed weaver, ''Anaplectes rubriceps'' *Bertram's weaver, ''Ploceus bertrandi'' *Baglafecht weaver, ''Ploceus baglafecht'' *Little weaver, ''Ploceus luteolus'' *Slender-billed weaver, ''Ploceus pelzelni'' *Black-necked weaver, ''Ploceus nigricollis'' *Spectacled weaver, ''Ploceus ocularis'' *Black-billed weaver, ''Ploceus melanogaster'' *African golden-weaver, ''Ploceus subaureus'' *Holub's golden-weaver, ''Ploceus xanthops'' *Orange weaver, ''Ploceus aurantius'' *Golden palm weaver, ''Ploceus bojeri'' *Taveta golden-weaver, ''Ploceus castaneiceps'' *Southern brown-throated weaver, ''Ploceus xanthopterus'' *Northern brown-throated weaver, ''Ploceus castanops'' *Kilombero weaver, ''Ploceus burnieri'' (E) (vulnerable) *Lesser masked-weaver, ''Ploceus intermedius'' *Vitelline masked-weaver, ''Ploceus vitellinus'' *Tanganyika masked-weaver, ''Ploceus reichardi'' (E) *Speke's weaver, ''Ploceus spekei'' *Vieillot's black weaver, ''Ploceus nigerrimus'' *Village weaver, ''Ploceus cucullatus'' *Weyns's weaver, ''Ploceus weynsi'' *Black-headed weaver, ''Ploceus melanocephalus'' *Golden-backed weaver, ''Ploceus jacksoni'' *Chestnut weaver, ''Ploceus rubiginosus'' *Forest weaver, ''Ploceus bicolor'' *Brown-capped weaver, ''Ploceus insignis'' *Olive-headed weaver, ''Ploceus olivaceiceps'' (near-threatened) *Usambara weaver, ''Ploceus nicolli'' (E) (endangered) *Compact weaver, ''Pachyphantes superciliosus'' *Cardinal quelea, ''Quelea cardinalis'' *Red-headed quelea, ''Quelea erythrops'' *Red-billed quelea, ''Quelea quelea'' *Southern red bishop, ''Euplectes orix'' *Zanzibar red bishop, ''Euplectes nigroventris'' *Black-winged bishop, ''Euplectes hordeaceus'' *Black bishop, ''Euplectes gierowii'' *Yellow-crowned bishop, ''Euplectes afer'' *Fire-fronted bishop, ''Euplectes diadematus'' *Yellow bishop, ''Euplectes capensis'' *White-winged widowbird, ''Euplectes albonotatus'' *Yellow-mantled widowbird, ''Euplectes macroura'' *Red-collared widowbird, ''Euplectes ardens'' *Red-cowled widowbird, ''Euplectes laticauda'' *Fan-tailed widowbird, ''Euplectes axillaris'' *Marsh widowbird, ''Euplectes hartlaubi'' *Buff-shouldered widowbird, ''Euplectes psammocromius'' *Jackson's widowbird, ''Euplectes jacksoni'' (near-threatened) *Grosbeak weaver, ''Amblyospiza albifrons''

Waxbills and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Estrildidae The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colors and patterns. *Gray-headed silverbill, ''Spermestes griseicapilla'' *Bronze mannikin, ''Spermestes cucullata'' *Magpie mannikin, ''Spermestes fringilloides'' *Black-and-white mannikin, ''Spermestes bicolor'' *African silverbill, ''Euodice cantans'' *Java sparrow, ''Padda oryzivora'' (I) (endangered) *White-collared oliveback, ''Nesocharis ansorgei'' *Yellow-bellied waxbill, ''Coccopygia quartinia'' *Green-backed twinspot, ''Mandingoa nitidula'' *Abyssinian crimsonwing, ''Cryptospiza salvadorii'' *Red-faced crimsonwing, ''Cryptospiza reichenovii'' *Jameson's antpecker, ''Parmoptila jamesoni'' (A) *White-breasted nigrita, ''Nigrita fusconotus'' (A) *Gray-headed nigrita, ''Nigrita canicapilla'' *Black-faced waxbill, ''Brunhilda erythronotos'' *Black-cheeked waxbill, ''Brunhilda charmosyna'' *Black-tailed waxbill, ''Glaucestrilda perreini'' *Black-crowned waxbill, ''Estrilda nonnula'' *Fawn-breasted waxbill, ''Estrilda paludicola'' *Common waxbill, ''Estrilda astrild'' *Black-rumped waxbill, ''Estrilda troglodytes'' (A) *Crimson-rumped waxbill, ''Estrilda rhodopyga'' *Quailfinch, ''Ortygospiza atricollis'' *Locustfinch, ''Paludipasser locustella'' *Cut-throat finch, Cut-throat, ''Amadina fasciata'' *Zebra waxbill, ''Amandava subflava'' *Purple grenadier, ''Granatina ianthinogaster'' *Southern cordonbleu, ''Uraeginthus angolensis'' *Red-cheeked cordonbleu, ''Uraeginthus bengalus'' *Blue-capped cordonbleu, ''Uraeginthus cyanocephalus'' *Red-headed bluebill, ''Spermophaga ruficapilla'' *Lesser seedcracker, ''Pyrenestes minor'' *Black-bellied seedcracker, ''Pyrenestes ostrinus'' *Green-winged pytilia, ''Pytilia melba'' *Orange-winged pytilia, ''Pytilia afra'' *Peters's twinspot, ''Hypargos niveoguttatus'' *Red-billed firefinch, ''Lagonosticta senegala'' *African firefinch, ''Lagonosticta rubricata'' *Jameson's firefinch, ''Lagonosticta rhodopareia'' *Brown firefinch, ''Lagonosticta nitidula''

Indigobirds

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Viduidae The indigobirds are finch-like species which usually have black or indigo predominating in their plumage. All are

s which lay their eggs in the nests of estrildid finches. *Pin-tailed whydah, ''Vidua macroura'' *Broad-tailed paradise whydah, Broad-tailed paradise-whydah, ''Vidua obtusa'' *Eastern paradise whydah, Eastern paradise-whydah, ''Vidua paradisaea'' *Steel-blue whydah, ''Vidua hypocherina'' *Straw-tailed whydah, ''Vidua fischeri'' *Village indigobird, ''Vidua chalybeata'' *Wilson's indigobird, ''Vidua wilsoni'' *Variable indigobird, ''Vidua funerea'' *Purple indigobird, ''Vidua purpurascens'' *Green indigobird, ''Vidua codringtoni'' *Parasitic weaver, ''Anomalospiza imberbis''

Old World sparrows

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passeridae Old World sparrow, Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or gray birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects. *House sparrow, ''Passer domesticus'' (I) *Kenya rufous sparrow, ''Passer rufocinctus'' *Northern gray-headed sparrow, ''Passer griseus'' *Parrot-billed sparrow, ''Passer gongonensis'' *Swahili sparrow, ''Passer suahelicus'' *Southern gray-headed sparrow, ''Passer diffusus'' *Chestnut sparrow, ''Passer eminibey'' *Yellow-spotted bush sparrow, ''Gymnoris pyrgita'' *Yellow-throated bush sparrow, ''Gymnoris superciliaris''

Wagtails and pipits

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Motacillidae Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. They are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country. *Cape wagtail, ''Motacilla capensis'' *Mountain wagtail, ''Motacilla clara'' *Gray wagtail, ''Motacilla cinerea'' *Western yellow wagtail, ''Motacilla flava'' *African pied wagtail, ''Motacilla aguimp'' *White wagtail, ''Motacilla alba'' *African pipit, ''Anthus cinnamomeus'' *Woodland pipit, ''Anthus nyassae'' *Long-billed pipit, ''Anthus similis'' *Plain-backed pipit, ''Anthus leucophrys'' *Buffy pipit, ''Anthus vaalensis'' *Striped pipit, ''Anthus lineiventris'' *Tree pipit, ''Anthus trivialis'' *Red-throated pipit, ''Anthus cervinus'' *Short-tailed pipit, ''Anthus brachyurus'' *Bush pipit, ''Anthus caffer'' *Sokoke pipit, ''Anthus sokokensis'' (endangered) *Golden pipit, ''Tmetothylacus tenellus'' *Yellow-throated longclaw, ''Macronyx croceus'' *Fülleborn's longclaw, ''Macronyx fuellebornii'' *Pangani longclaw, ''Macronyx aurantiigula'' *Rosy-throated longclaw, ''Macronyx ameliae''

Finches, euphonias, and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Fringillidae Finches are seed-eating passerine birds that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well. *Oriole finch, ''Linurgus olivaceus'' *Yellow-fronted canary, ''Crithagra mozambica'' *Western citril, ''Crithagra frontalis'' *Southern citril, ''Crithagra hyposticuta'' *Papyrus canary, ''Crithagra koliensis'' *Black-throated canary, ''Crithagra atrogularis'' *Reichenow's seedeater, ''Crithagra reichenowi'' *White-bellied canary, ''Crithagra dorsostriata'' *Southern grosbeak-canary, ''Crithagra buchanani'' *Brimstone canary, ''Crithagra sulphurata'' *Streaky seedeater, ''Crithagra striolata'' *Yellow-browed seedeater, ''Crithagra whytii'' *Thick-billed seedeater, ''Crithagra burtoni'' *Tanzania seedeater, ''Crithagra melanochroa'' (E) *Black-eared seedeater, ''Crithagra mennelli'' *Reichard's seedeater, ''Crithagra reichardi'' *Yellow-crowned canary, ''Serinus flavivertex''

Old World buntings

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Emberizidae The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns. *Ortolan bunting, ''Emberiza hortulana'' (A) *Cabanis's bunting, ''Emberiza cabanisi'' *Golden-breasted bunting, ''Emberiza flaviventris'' *Somali bunting, ''Emberiza poliopleura'' *Vincent's bunting, ''Emberiza vincenti'' *Cinnamon-breasted bunting, ''Emberiza tahapisi''

References

* *

External links

Birds of Tanzania
- World Institute for Conservation and Environment {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Birds Of Tanzania Lists of birds by country, Tanzania Lists of birds of Sub-Saharan Africa, Tanzania Lists of biota of Tanzania, Birds Lists of birds of Africa, Tanzania