Although

Costa Rica Costa Rica (, ; ; literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( es, República de Costa Rica), is a country in the Central American region of North America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the no ...

is a small country, it is in the bird-rich

neotropical The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In bioge ...

region and has a huge number of species for its area. The official bird list published by the Costa Rican Rare Birds and Records Committee of the Asociación Ornitológica de Costa Rica (AOCR) contained 948 species as of July 2023. Of those species, seven are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

(three of which are found only on Cocos Island), 90 are rare or accidental, and four have been introduced by humans. Another 73 are near-endemic with ranges that include only Costa Rica and Panama. Twenty-seven species, including five of the seven endemics, are globally vulnerable or endangered. Over an area of 51,100 km², an area smaller than

West Virginia West Virginia is a state in the Appalachian, Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States.The Census Bureau and the Association of American Geographers classify West Virginia as part of the Southern United States while the Bur ...

, this is the greatest density of bird species of any continental American country. About 600 species are resident, with most of the other regular visitors being winter migrants from

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

. Costa Rica's geological formation played a large role in the diversification of avian species. North America and South America were initially separate continents, but millions of years of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions eventually fused the two continents together. When this happened, species from the north and south poured into the land bridge that became Central America. Birds like the hummingbird came from the south, while birds like the jay came from the north. Part of the diversity stems from the wide array of habitats, which include

mangrove A mangrove is a shrub or tree that grows in coastal saline water, saline or brackish water. The term is also used for tropical coastal vegetation consisting of such species. Mangroves are taxonomically diverse, as a result of convergent evoluti ...

swamps along the

Pacific The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...

coast, the wet

Caribbean The Caribbean (, ) ( es, El Caribe; french: la Caraïbe; ht, Karayib; nl, De Caraïben) is a region of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Se ...

coastal plain in the northeast, dry northern Pacific lowlands, and multiple mountain chains that form the spine of the country and rise as high as 3,500 m. These mountain chains, the largest of which is the

Cordillera de Talamanca The Cordillera de Talamanca is a mountain range that lies in the southeast half of Costa Rica and the far west of Panama. Much of the range and the area around it is included in La Amistad International Park, which also is shared between the two ...

, form a geographical barrier that has enabled closely related but different species to develop on either side of the chain. A good example of this

speciation Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. The biologist Orator F. Cook coined the term in 1906 for cladogenesis, the splitting of lineages, as opposed to anagenesis, phyletic evolution within ...

is the

white-collared manakin The white-collared manakin (''Manacus candei'') is a passerine bird in the manakin family. It is a resident breeder in the tropical New World from southeastern Mexico to Costa Rica and the extreme west of Panama. It typically inhabits thickets at ...

of the Caribbean side, which is now distinct from the

orange-collared manakin The orange-collared manakin (''Manacus aurantiacus'') is a passerine bird in the manakin family. It is an endemic resident breeder in Costa Rica and western Panama, where it is found in forests, secondary growth and plantations. It is a small, pl ...

of the Pacific slope. In the past, higher sea levels left the mountains as highlands, and isolation again led to distinct species developing, with over thirty now endemic to the mountains, especially the Talamanca range which extends from southern Costa Rica into

Panama Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Cos ...

. This list is presented in the

taxonomic sequence Taxonomic sequence (also known as systematic, phyletic or taxonomic order) is a sequence followed in listing of taxa which aids ease of use and roughly reflects the evolutionary relationships among the taxa. Taxonomic sequences can exist for taxa ...

of the ''Check-list of North and Middle American Birds'', 7th edition through the 63rd Supplement, published by the

American Ornithological Society The American Ornithological Society (AOS) is an ornithological organization based in the United States. The society was formed in October 2016 by the merger of the American Ornithologists' Union (AOU) and the Cooper Ornithological Society. Its m ...

(AOS). Common and scientific names are also those of the ''Check-list'', except that the common names of families are from the

Clements taxonomy ''The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World'' is a book by Jim Clements which presents a list of the bird species of the world. The most recent printed version is the sixth edition (2007), but has been updated yearly, the last version in 2022 ...

because the AOS list does not include them. Unless otherwise noted, all species on the list are considered to occur regularly in Costa Rica as permanent residents, summer or winter visitors, or migrants. The following tags have been used to highlight certain categories of occurrence: * (A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Costa Rica * (R?) Residence uncertain - a species which might be resident * (E) Endemic - a species endemic to Costa Rica * (E-R) Regional endemic - a species found only in Costa Rica and Panama * (I) Introduced - a species introduced to Costa Rica as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions

Tinamous

Order: TinamiformesFamily: Tinamidae The tinamous are one of the most ancient groups of birds. Although they look similar to other ground-dwelling birds like quail and grouse, they have no close relatives and are classified as a single family, Tinamidae, within their own order, the Tinamiformes. They are distantly related to the

ratites A ratite () is any of a diverse group of flightless, large, long-necked, and long-legged birds of the infraclass Palaeognathae. Kiwi, the exception, are much smaller and shorter-legged and are the only nocturnal extant ratites. The systematics o ...

(order

Struthioniformes Struthioniformes is an order of birds with only a single extant family, Struthionidae, containing the ostriches. Several other extinct families are known, spanning across the Northern Hemisphere, from the Early Eocene to the early Pliocene, includ ...

) which includes the

rheas The rheas ( ), also known as ñandus ( ) or South American ostriches, are large ratites (flightless birds without a keel on their sternum bone) in the order Rheiformes, native to South America, distantly related to the ostrich and emu. Most taxo ...

emu The emu () (''Dromaius novaehollandiae'') is the second-tallest living bird after its ratite relative the ostrich. It is endemic to Australia where it is the largest native bird and the only extant member of the genus ''Dromaius''. The emu' ...

, and

kiwi Kiwi most commonly refers to: * Kiwi (bird), a flightless bird native to New Zealand * Kiwi (nickname), a nickname for New Zealanders * Kiwifruit, an edible berry * Kiwi dollar or New Zealand dollar, a unit of currency Kiwi or KIWI may also refe ...

s. *

Highland tinamou The highland tinamou or Bonaparte's tinamou (''Nothocercus bonapartei'') is a type of ground bird found in montane moist forest typically over altitude. Taxonomy All tinamou are from the family Tinamidae, and in the larger scheme are also ratit ...

, ''Nothocercus bonapartei'' *

Great tinamou The great tinamou (''Tinamus major'') is a species of tinamou ground bird native to Central and South America. There are several subspecies, mostly differentiated by their coloration. Taxonomy The great tinamou was described and illustrated in 1 ...

, ''Tinamus major'' *

Little tinamou The little tinamou (''Crypturellus soui'') is a species of tinamou. It is found in Central America, Central and South America, as well as on the Caribbean island of Trinidad. Etymology ''Crypturellus'' is formed from three Latin or Greek languag ...

, ''Crypturellus soui'' *

Thicket tinamou The thicket tinamou or rufescent tinamou (''Crypturellus cinnamomeus'') is a type of tinamou commonly found in moist forests in subtropical and tropical central Mexico.Clements, J (2007) Taxonomy All tinamou are from the family Tinamidae, and in ...

, ''Crypturellus cinnamomeus'' *

Slaty-breasted tinamou The slaty-breasted tinamou or Boucard's tinamou (''Crypturellus boucardi'') is a type of tinamou commonly found in lowland moist forests of Mexico and Central America.Clements, J (2007) Taxonomy All tinamou are from the family Tinamidae, and i ...

, ''Crypturellus boucardi''

Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

Order:

Anseriformes Anseriformes is an order of birds also known as waterfowl that comprises about 180 living species of birds in three families: Anhimidae (three species of screamers), Anseranatidae (the magpie goose), and Anatidae, the largest family, which in ...

Family:

Anatidae The Anatidae are the biological family of water birds that includes ducks, geese, and swans. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on all the world's continents except Antarctica. These birds are adapted for swimming, floating ...

Anatidae includes the

duck Duck is the common name for numerous species of waterfowl in the family Anatidae. Ducks are generally smaller and shorter-necked than swans and geese, which are members of the same family. Divided among several subfamilies, they are a form t ...

s and most duck-like waterfowl, such as

geese A goose (plural, : geese) is a bird of any of several waterfowl species in the family (biology), family Anatidae. This group comprises the genera ''Anser (bird), Anser'' (the grey geese and white geese) and ''Branta'' (the black geese). Some o ...

and

swan Swans are birds of the family (biology), family Anatidae within the genus ''Cygnus''. The swans' closest relatives include the goose, geese and ducks. Swans are grouped with the closely related geese in the subfamily Anserinae where they form t ...

s. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating. * White-faced whistling-duck, ''Dendrocygna viduata'' (R?) *

Black-bellied whistling-duck The black-bellied whistling duck (''Dendrocygna autumnalis''), formerly called the black-bellied tree duck, is a whistling duck that breeds from the southernmost United States, Mexico, and tropical Central to south-central South America. In the ...

, ''Dendrocygna autumnalis'' *

Fulvous whistling-duck The fulvous whistling duck or fulvous tree duck (''Dendrocygna bicolor'') is a species of whistling duck that breeds across the world's tropical regions in much of Mexico and South America, the West Indies, the southern United States, sub-Sahar ...

, ''Dendrocygna bicolor'' *

Greater white-fronted goose The greater white-fronted goose (''Anser albifrons'') is a species of goose related to the smaller lesser white-fronted goose (''A. erythropus''). It is named for the patch of white feathers bordering the base of its bill, in fact ''albifrons ...

, ''Anser albifrons'' (A) *

Comb duck The comb duck or American comb duck (''Sarkidiornis sylvicola''), is an unusual duck, found in tropical wetlands in continental South America south to the Paraguay River region in eastern Paraguay, southeastern Brazil and extreme northeastern Ar ...

, ''Sarkidiornis silvicola'' (A) *

Orinoco goose The Orinoco goose (''Neochen jubata'') is a Near-threatened species, Near Threatened species of waterfowl in tribe Tadornini of subfamily Anserinae.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife Internatio ...

, ''Oressochen jubatus'' (A) *

Muscovy duck The Muscovy duck (''Cairina moschata'') is a large duck native to the Americas, from the Rio Grande Valley of Texas and Mexico south to Argentina and Uruguay. Small wild and feral breeding populations have established themselves in the United Sta ...

, ''Cairina moschata'' *

Blue-winged teal The blue-winged teal (''Spatula discors'') is a species of bird in the duck, goose, and swan family Anatidae. One of the smaller members of the dabbling duck group, it occurs in North America, where it breeds from southern Alaska to Nova Scotia ...

, ''Spatula discors'' *

Cinnamon teal The cinnamon teal (''Spatula cyanoptera'') is a species of duck found in western North and South America. It is a small dabbling duck, with bright reddish plumage on the male and duller brown plumage on the female. It lives in marshes and ponds, ...

, ''Spatula cyanoptera'' *

Northern shoveler The northern shoveler (; ''Spatula clypeata''), known simply in Britain as the shoveler, is a common and widespread duck. It breeds in northern areas of Europe and across the Palearctic and across most of North America, wintering in southern Euro ...

, ''Spatula clypeata'' *

American wigeon The American wigeon (''Mareca americana''), also known as the baldpate, is a species of dabbling duck found in North America. Formerly assigned to ''Anas'', this species is classified with the other wigeons in the dabbling duck genus ''Mareca''. ...

, ''Mareca americana'' *

Mallard The mallard () or wild duck (''Anas platyrhynchos'') is a dabbling duck that breeds throughout the temperate and subtropical Americas, Eurasia, and North Africa, and has been introduced to New Zealand, Australia, Peru, Brazil, Uruguay, Arge ...

, ''Anas platyrhynchos'' *

White-cheeked pintail The white-cheeked pintail (''Anas bahamensis''), also known as the Bahama pintail or summer duck, is a species of dabbling duck. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'' under its current ...

, ''Anas bahamensis'' (A) *

Northern pintail The pintail or northern pintail (''Anas acuta'') is a duck species with wide geographic distribution that breeds in the northern areas of Europe and across the Palearctic and North America. It is migratory and winters south of its breeding ra ...

, ''Anas acuta'' *

Green-winged teal The green-winged teal (''Anas carolinensis'') is a common and widespread duck that breeds in the northern areas of North America except on the Aleutian Islands. It was considered Conspecificity, conspecific with the Eurasian teal (''A. crecca'') ...

, ''Anas crecca'' *

Canvasback The canvasback (''Aythya valisineria'') is a species of diving duck, the largest found in North America. Taxonomy Scottish-American naturalist Alexander Wilson described the canvasback in 1814. The genus name is derived from Greek ''aithuia'', ...

, ''Aythya valisineria'' (A) *

Redhead Red hair (also known as orange hair and ginger hair) is a hair color found in one to two percent of the human population, appearing with greater frequency (two to six percent) among people of Northern or Northwestern European ancestry and ...

, ''Aythya americana'' (A) *

Common pochard The common pochard (; ''Aythya ferina'') is a medium-sized diving duck. The scientific name is derived from Greek '' aithuia'', an unidentified seabird mentioned by authors including Hesychius and Aristotle, and Latin ''ferina'', "wild game", f ...

, ''Aythya ferina'' (A) *

Ring-necked duck The ring-necked duck (''Aythya collaris'') is a diving duck from North America commonly found in freshwater ponds and lakes. The scientific name is derived from Greek , an unidentified seabird mentioned by authors including Hesychius and Aristo ...

, ''Aythya collaris'' *

Greater scaup The greater scaup (''Aythya marila''), just scaup in Europe or, colloquially, "bluebill" in North America, is a mid-sized diving duck, larger than the closely related lesser scaup. It spends the summer months breeding in Alaska, northern Canada, ...

, ''Aythya marila'' (A) *

Lesser scaup The lesser scaup (''Aythya affinis'') is a small North American diving duck that migrates south as far as Central America in winter. It is colloquially known as the little bluebill or broadbill because of its distinctive blue bill. The origin of ...

, ''Aythya affinis'' *

Hooded merganser The hooded merganser (''Lophodytes cucullatus'') is a species of merganser. It is the only extant species in the genus ''Lophodytes''. The genus name derives from the Greek language: ''lophos'' meaning 'crest', and ''dutes'' meaning 'diver'. The ...

, ''Lophodytes cucullatus'' (A) *

Red-breasted Merganser The red-breasted merganser (''Mergus serrator'') is a diving duck, one of the sawbills. The genus name is a Latin word used by Pliny and other Roman authors to refer to an unspecified waterbird, and ''serrator'' is a sawyer from Latin ''serra'', ...

, ''Mergus serrator'' (A) *

Masked duck The masked duck (''Nomonyx dominicus'') is a tiny stiff-tailed duck ranging through the tropical Americas. They are found from Mexico to South America and also in the Caribbean. Primarily not migratory, masked ducks are reported as very uncommon ...

, ''Nomonyx dominicus'' *

Ruddy duck The ruddy duck (''Oxyura jamaicensis'') is a duck from North America and one of the stiff-tailed ducks. The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek ''oxus'', "sharp", and ''oura'', "tail", and ''jamaicensis'' is "from Jamaica". Taxonomy The ru ...

, ''Oxyura jamaicensis'' (A)

Guans, chachalacas, and curassows

Order:

Galliformes Galliformes is an order of heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds that includes turkeys, chickens, quail, and other landfowl. Gallinaceous birds, as they are called, are important in their ecosystems as seed dispersers and predators, and are often ...

Family:

Cracidae The chachalacas, guans and curassows are birds in the family Cracidae. These are species of tropical and subtropical Central and South America. The range of one species, the plain chachalaca, just reaches southernmost parts of Texas in the Unite ...

The Cracidae are large birds, similar in general appearance to turkeys. The guans and curassows live in trees, but the smaller chachalacas are found in more open scrubby habitats. They are generally dull-plumaged, but the curassows and some guans have colorful facial ornaments. * Plain chachalaca, ''Ortalis vetula'' * Gray-headed chachalaca, ''Ortalis cinereiceps'' *

Crested guan The crested guan (''Penelope purpurascens'') is a member of an ancient group of birds of the family Cracidae, which are related to the Australasian megapodes or mound builders (Megapodiidae). It is found in the Neotropics, in lowlands forests ran ...

, ''Penelope purpurascens'' *

Black guan The black guan (''Chamaepetes unicolor'') is a species of bird in the chachalaca, guan, and curassow family Cracidae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama. Taxonomy and systematics The black guan shares the genus ''Chamaepetes'' with the si ...

, ''Chamaepetes unicolor'' (E-R) *

Great curassow The great curassow (''Crax rubra'') is a large, pheasant-like bird from the Neotropical rainforests, its range extending from eastern Mexico, through Central America to western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador. Male birds are black with curly cr ...

, ''Crax rubra'' (vulnerable)

New World quail

Order:

Family:

Odontophoridae The New World quail are small birds only distantly related to the Old World quail, but named for their similar appearance and habits. The American species are in their own family, the Odontophoridae, whereas Old World quail are in the pheasant f ...

The

New World quail The New World quail are small birds only distantly related to the Old World quail, but named for their similar appearance and habits. The American species are in their own family, the Odontophoridae, whereas Old World quail are in the pheasant f ...

are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits. * Tawny-faced quail, ''Rhynchortyx cinctus'' *

Buffy-crowned wood-partridge The buffy-crowned wood partridge (''Dendrortyx leucophrys'') is a bird species in the family Odontophoridae, the New World quail. It is found in Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica and Nicaragua. Taxonomy and systematics The ...

, ''Dendrortyx leucophrys'' *

Crested bobwhite The crested bobwhite (''Colinus cristatus'') is a species of bird in the family Odontophoridae. It is found in northern South America, extending through Panama to just reach Costa Rica. It also occurs on Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles. Its na ...

, ''Colinus cristatus'' * Marbled wood-quail, ''Odontophorus gujanensis'' * Black-eared wood-quail, ''Odontophorus melanotis'' * Black-breasted wood-quail, ''Odontophorus leucolaemus'' (E-R) * Spotted wood-quail, ''Odontophorus guttatus''

Grebes

Order: PodicipediformesFamily: Podicipedidae

Grebe Grebes () are aquatic diving birds in the order Podicipediformes . Grebes are widely distributed freshwater birds, with some species also found in marine habitats during migration and winter. Some flightless species exist as well, most notably ...

s are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land. *

Least grebe The least grebe (''Tachybaptus dominicus''), an aquatic bird, is the smallest member of the grebe family. It occurs in the New World from the southwestern United States and Mexico to Argentina, and also on Trinidad and Tobago, the Bahamas and th ...

, ''Tachybaptus dominicus'' *

Pied-billed grebe The pied-billed grebe (''Podilymbus podiceps'') is a species of the grebe family of water birds. Because the Atitlán grebe (''Podilymbus gigas'') has become extinct, the Pied-Billed Grebe is now the sole extant member of the genus ''Podilymbus'' ...

, ''Podilymbus podiceps'' *

Eared grebe The black-necked grebe or eared grebe (''Podiceps nigricollis'') is a member of the grebe family of water birds. It was described in 1831 by Christian Ludwig Brehm. There are currently three accepted subspecies, including the nominate subspeci ...

, ''Podiceps nigricollis'' (A)

Pigeons and doves

Order:

Columbiformes Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...

Family:

Columbidae Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...

Pigeon Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...

s and

dove Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...

s are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy

cere The beak, bill, or rostrum is an external anatomical structure found mostly in birds, but also in turtles, non-avian dinosaurs and a few mammals. A beak is used for eating, preening, manipulating objects, killing prey, fighting, probing for food, ...

. *

Rock pigeon The rock dove, rock pigeon, or common pigeon ( also ; ''Columba livia'') is a member of the bird family Columbidae (doves and pigeons). In common usage, it is often simply referred to as the "pigeon". The domestic pigeon (''Columba livia domes ...

, ''Columba livia'' (I) *

Pale-vented pigeon The pale-vented pigeon (''Patagioenas cayennensis'') is a large pigeon (family Columbidae) found in the tropical Americas. Formerly often placed in '' Columba'', it actually belongs to a clade of the older New World genus ''Patagioenas''. With i ...

, ''Patagioenas cayennensis'' *

Scaled pigeon The scaled pigeon (''Patagioenas speciosa'') is a large New World tropical dove. It is a resident breeder from southern Mexico south to western Ecuador, southern Brazil, northern Argentina, and Trinidad. The scaled pigeon is fairly common in sem ...

, ''Patagioenas speciosa'' *

White-crowned pigeon The white-crowned pigeon (''Patagioenas leucocephala'') is a fruit and seed-eating species of bird in the dove and pigeon family Columbidae. It is found primarily in the Caribbean. John James Audubon painted these pigeons, including the waterco ...

, ''Patagioenas leucocephala'' (A) *

Red-billed pigeon The red-billed pigeon (''Patagioenas flavirostris'') is a relatively large, robust species of pigeon. It's breeding range extends from southern Texas, United States, to Costa Rica. It's primarily found throughout coastal and lowland areas of Mex ...

, ''Patagioenas flavirostris'' *

Band-tailed pigeon The band-tailed pigeon (''Patagioenas fasciata'') is a medium-sized bird of the Americas. Its closest relatives are the Chilean pigeon and the ring-tailed pigeon, which form a clade of ''Patagioenas'' with a terminal tail band and iridescent pl ...

, ''Patagioenas fasciata'' *

Ruddy pigeon The ruddy pigeon (''Patagioenas subvinacea'') is a largish pigeon which breeds from Costa Rica south to western Ecuador, Bolivia, and central Brazil. It belongs to a clade of small and rather plain species of ''Patagioenas'' with characteristi ...

, ''Patagioenas subvinacea'' *

Short-billed pigeon The short-billed pigeon (''Patagioenas nigrirostris'')Johnson, Kevin P.; de Kort, Selvino; Dinwoodey, Karen, Mateman, A. C.; ten Cate, Carel; Lessells, C. M. & Clayton, Dale H. (2001): A molecular phylogeny of the dove genera ''Streptopelia'' and ...

, ''Patagioenas nigrirostris'' *

Eurasian collared-dove The Eurasian collared dove (''Streptopelia decaocto'') is a dove species native to Europe and Asia; it was introduced to Japan, North America and islands in the Caribbean. Because of its vast global range and increasing population trend, it ha ...

, ''Streptopelia decaocto'' (I) (A) (R?) *

Inca dove The Inca dove or Mexican dove (''Columbina inca'') is a small New World dove. The species was first described by French surgeon and naturalist René Lesson in 1847. It reaches a length of and weighs . The Inca dove has an average wingspan of 28 ...

, ''Columbina inca'' *

Common ground dove The common ground dove (''Columbina passerina'') is a small bird that inhabits the southern United States, parts of Central America, the Caribbean and northern South America. It is considered to be the smallest dove that inhabits the United Stat ...

, ''Columbina passerina'' *

Plain-breasted ground dove The plain-breasted ground dove (''Columbina minuta'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It lacks the scaled appearance to the feathers of the similar and typically more abundant common ground dove. Taxonomy In 1760 the French zoolog ...

, ''Columbina minuta'' *

Ruddy ground dove The ruddy ground dove (''Columbina talpacoti'') is a small New World tropical dove. It is a resident breeder from Mexico south to Brazil, Peru and Paraguay, and northern Argentina, and on Trinidad and Tobago. Individual birds can sometimes be see ...

, ''Columbina talpacoti'' *

Blue ground dove The blue ground dove (''Claravis pretiosa'') is a small New World tropical dove. It is a resident breeder from southeastern Mexico to northwestern Peru and northern Argentina, and on Trinidad in the Caribbean. Habitat and breeding The blue groun ...

, ''Claravis pretiosa'' *

Maroon-chested ground dove The maroon-chested ground dove (''Paraclaravis mondetoura'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela. Taxonomy ...

, ''Paraclaravis mondetoura'' *

Ruddy quail-dove The ruddy quail-dove (''Geotrygon montana'') is a species of bird in the dove and pigeon family Columbidae. It breeds throughout the West Indies, Central America, and tropical South America. It has appeared as a vagrant in Florida and southern Te ...

, ''Geotrygon montana'' *

Violaceous quail-dove The violaceous quail-dove (''Geotrygon violacea'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.Remsen, J. V., ...

, ''Geotrygon violacea'' *

Olive-backed quail-dove The olive-backed quail-dove (''Leptotrygon veraguensis'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Panama.Baptista, L. F., P. W. Trail, and H. M. Horblit (2020). Olive-backed Qu ...

, ''Leptotrygon veraguensis'' *

White-tipped dove The white-tipped dove (''Leptotila verreauxi'') is a large New World tropical dove. Its scientific name commemorates the French naturalists Jules and Edouard Verreaux. Distribution and habitat The dove is a resident breeder from southernmost ...

, ''Leptotila verreauxi'' * Gray-chested dove, ''Leptotila cassinii'' * Gray-headed dove, ''Leptotila plumbeiceps'' *

Buff-fronted quail-dove The buff-fronted quail-dove, or Costa Rican quail-dove (''Zentrygon costaricensis''), is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.Schulenberg, T. S. and G. M. Kirwan (2020). Buff-fronted Quail-Dove (''Zen ...

, ''Zentrygon costaricensis'' (E-R) *

Purplish-backed quail-dove The purplish-backed quail-dove (''Zentrygon lawrencii'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama. Taxonomy and systematics The purplish-backed quail-dove is monotypic. However, the population of it ...

, ''Zentrygon lawrencii'' (E-R) *

Chiriqui quail-dove The Chiriqui quail-dove or rufous-breasted quail-dove (''Zentrygon chiriquensis'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.Baptista, L. F., P. W. Trail, H. M. Horblit, and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Chi ...

, ''Zentrygon chiriquensis'' *

White-winged dove The white-winged dove (''Zenaida asiatica'') is a dove whose native range extends from the Southwestern United States through Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. They are large for doves, and can be distinguished from similar doves by th ...

, ''Zenaida asiatica'' *

Eared dove The eared dove (''Zenaida auriculata'') is a New World dove. It is a resident breeder throughout South America from Colombia to southern Argentina and Chile, and on the offshore islands from the Grenadines southwards. It may be a relatively re ...

, ''Zenaida auriculata'' (A) *

Mourning dove The mourning dove (''Zenaida macroura'') is a member of the dove family, Columbidae. The bird is also known as the American mourning dove, the rain dove, and colloquially as the turtle dove, and was once known as the Carolina pigeon and Caroli ...

, ''Zenaida macroura''

Cuckoos

Order:

Cuculiformes Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes . The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals and anis. The coucals and anis are sometimes separa ...

Family:

Cuculidae Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes . The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals and anis. The coucals and anis are sometimes separ ...

The family Cuculidae includes

cuckoo Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes . The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals and anis. The coucals and anis are sometimes separ ...

roadrunners The roadrunners (genus ''Geococcyx''), also known as chaparral birds or chaparral cocks, are two species of fast-running ground cuckoos with long tails and crests. They are found in the southwestern and south-central United States and Mexico, us ...

, and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails, and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are

brood parasite Brood parasites are animals that rely on others to raise their young. The strategy appears among birds, insects and fish. The brood parasite manipulates a host, either of the same or of another species, to raise its young as if it were its own ...

s. * Greater ani, ''Crotophaga major'' (A) *

Smooth-billed ani The smooth-billed ani (''Crotophaga ani'') is a bird in the cuckoo family. It is a resident breeding species from southern Florida, the Caribbean, parts of Central America, south to western Ecuador, Brazil, northern Argentina and southern Chile. ...

, ''Crotophaga ani'' *

Groove-billed ani The groove-billed ani (''Crotophaga sulcirostris'') is a tropical bird in the cuckoo family with a long tail and a large, curved beak. It is a resident species throughout most of its range, from southern Texas, central Mexico and The Bahamas, thr ...

, ''Crotophaga sulcirostris'' *

Striped cuckoo The striped cuckoo (''Tapera naevia'') is a near-passerine bird, the only member of the genus ''Tapera''. This resident cuckoo is found from Mexico and Trinidad south to Bolivia and Argentina. The striped cuckoo is found in open country with tr ...

, ''Tapera naevia'' *

Pheasant cuckoo The pheasant cuckoo (''Dromococcyx phasianellus'') is a species of neotropical cuckoo in the subfamily Neomorphinae of the family Cuculidae. It is native to Central and South America where it occurs in lowland tropical forest. Description The p ...

, ''Dromococcyx phasianellus'' *

Lesser ground-cuckoo The lesser ground cuckoo (''Morococcyx erythropygus'') is a species of cuckoo in the tribe Neomorphini of subfamily Crotophaginae. It is found in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua.HBW and BirdLife Internati ...

, ''Morococcyx erythropygus'' * Rufous-vented ground-cuckoo, ''Neomorphus geoffroyi'' *

Squirrel cuckoo The squirrel cuckoo (''Piaya cayana'') is a large and active species of cuckoo found in wooded habitats from northwestern Mexico to northern Argentina and Uruguay, and on Trinidad. Some authorities have split off the western Mexican form as the M ...

, ''Piaya cayana'' *

Dark-billed cuckoo The dark-billed cuckoo (''Coccyzus melacoryphus'') is a species of bird in the tribe Phaenicophaeini, subfamily Cuculinae of the cuckoo family Cuculidae.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife Intern ...

, ''Coccyzus melacoryphus'' *

Yellow-billed cuckoo The yellow-billed cuckoo (''Coccyzus americanus'') is a cuckoo. Common folk-names for this bird in the southern United States are rain crow and storm crow. These likely refer to the bird's habit of calling on hot days, often presaging rain or th ...

, ''Coccyzus americanus'' *

Mangrove cuckoo The mangrove cuckoo (''Coccyzus minor'') is a species of cuckoo that is native to the Neotropics. Taxonomy The mangrove cuckoo was formally described in 1788 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition o ...

, ''Coccyzus minor'' (R?) *

Cocos cuckoo The Cocos cuckoo (''Coccyzus ferrugineus'') is a Vulnerable species of bird in the tribe Phaenicophaeini, subfamily Cuculinae of the cuckoo family Cuculidae. It is endemic to Cocos Island, an island in the Pacific Ocean which is part of Costa R ...

, ''Coccyzus ferrugineus'' (E) (vulnerable) *

Black-billed cuckoo The black-billed cuckoo (''Coccyzus erythropthalmus'') is a New World species in the Cuculidae (cuckoo) family. The scientific name is from Ancient Greek. The genus name, ''kokkuzo'', means to call like a common cuckoo, and ''erythropthalmus'' i ...

, ''Coccyzus erythropthalmus''

Nightjars and allies

Order:

Caprimulgiformes Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal or crepuscular birds in the family Caprimulgidae and order Caprimulgiformes, characterised by long wings, short legs, and very short bills. They are sometimes called goatsuckers, due to the ancient folk tal ...

Family: Caprimulgidae

Nightjar Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal or crepuscular birds in the family Caprimulgidae and order Caprimulgiformes, characterised by long wings, short legs, and very short bills. They are sometimes called goatsuckers, due to the ancient folk ta ...

s are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves. *

Short-tailed nighthawk The short-tailed nighthawk (''Lurocalis semitorquatus'') is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Mexico, in every Central American country except El Salvador, in Trinidad and Tobago, and in every mainland South Ame ...

, ''Lurocalis semitorquatus'' *

Lesser nighthawk The lesser nighthawk (''Chordeiles acutipennis'') is a nightjar found throughout a large part of the Americas. The adults are dark with brown, grey and white patterning on the upperparts and breast; the long upperwings are black and show a whit ...

, ''Chordeiles acutipennis'' *

Common nighthawk The common nighthawk (''Chordeiles minor'') is a medium-sized crepuscular or nocturnal bird of the Americas within the nightjar family, whose presence and identity are best revealed by its vocalization. Typically dark (gray, black and brown), ...

, ''Chordeiles minor'' * Common pauraque, ''Nyctidromus albicollis'' *

Ocellated poorwill The ocellated poorwill (''Nyctiphrynus ocellatus'') is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Paraguay, and Peru. Taxonomy and systemati ...

, ''Nyctiphrynus ocellatus'' *

Chuck-will's-widow The chuck-will's-widow (''Antrostomus carolinensis'') is a nocturnal bird of the nightjar family Caprimulgidae. It is mostly found in the southeastern United States (with disjunct populations in Long Island, New York, Ontario, Canada and Cape Cod ...

, ''Antrostomus carolinensis'' *

Rufous nightjar The rufous nightjar (''Antrostomus rufus'') is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad and Toba ...

, ''Antrostomus rufus'' *

Buff-collared nightjar The buff-collared nightjar or Ridgway's whip-poor-will (''Antrostomus ridgwayi'') is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and the U.S. states of Arizona and New Mexico.Bower ...

, ''Antrostomus ridgwayi'' (A) *

Eastern whip-poor-will The eastern whip-poor-will (''Antrostomus vociferus'') is a medium-sized (22–27 cm; 8.7-10.6 ins.) bird within the nightjar family, Caprimulgidae, from North America. The whip-poor-will is commonly heard within its range, but less of ...

, ''Antrostomus vociferus'' *

Dusky nightjar The dusky nightjar or dusky whip-poor-will (''Antrostomus saturatus'') is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.Chase, J. (2020). Dusky Nightjar (''Antrostomus saturatus''), version 1.0. In Bir ...

, ''Antrostomus saturatus'' (E-R) *

White-tailed nightjar The white-tailed nightjar (''Hydropsalis cayennensis'') is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It is found in the tropic regions of Central and South America. Taxonomy The white-tailed nightjar was formally described in 1789 b ...

, ''Hydropsalis cayennensis''

Oilbird

Order: SteatornithiformesFamily:

Steatornithidae The oilbird (''Steatornis caripensis''), locally known as the , is a bird species found in the northern areas of South America including the Caribbean island of Trinidad. It is the only species in the genus ''Steatornis'', the family Steatornith ...

The oilbird is a slim, long-winged bird distantly related to the nightjars. It is nocturnal and a specialist feeder on the fruit of the

oil palm ''Elaeis'' () is a genus of palms containing two species, called oil palms. They are used in commercial agriculture in the production of palm oil. The African oil palm ''Elaeis guineensis'' (the species name ''guineensis'' referring to its co ...

. *

Oilbird The oilbird (''Steatornis caripensis''), locally known as the , is a bird species found in the northern areas of South America including the Caribbean island of Trinidad. It is the only species in the genus ''Steatornis'', the family Steatornith ...

, ''Steatornis caripensis''

Potoos

Order: NyctibiiformesFamily: Nyctibiidae The potoos (sometimes called poor-me-ones) are large

near passerine Near passerines and higher land-bird assemblage are terms of traditional, pre-cladistic taxonomy that have often been given to tree-dwelling birds or those most often believed to be related to the true passerines (order Passeriformes) owing to mor ...

birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths. They are nocturnal insectivores which lack the bristles around the mouth found in the true nightjars. *

Great potoo The great potoo (''Nyctibius grandis'') is the largest potoo species and is widely distributed in Central and South America. Much like owls, this species is nocturnal. It preys on large insects and small vertebrates, which it captures in sallies ...

, ''Nyctibius grandis'' *

Common potoo __NOTOC__ The common potoo, or poor-me-ones (''Nyctibius griseus''), or urutau is one of seven species of bird within the genus ''Nyctibius''. It is notable for its large, yellow eyes and comically wide mouth. Potoos are nocturnal and are relat ...

, ''Nyctibius griseus'' *

Northern potoo The northern potoo (''Nyctibius jamaicensis'') is a nocturnal bird belonging to the potoo family, Nyctibiidae. It is found from Mexico south to Costa Rica, and on the islands of Jamaica and Hispaniola (in the Dominican Republic and Haiti). It wa ...

, ''Nyctibius jamaicensis''

Swifts

Order:

Apodiformes Traditionally, the bird order Apodiformes contained three living families: the swifts (Apodidae), the treeswifts (Hemiprocnidae), and the hummingbirds (Trochilidae). In the Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy, this order is raised to a superorder Apodi ...

Family:

Apodidae The swifts are a family, Apodidae, of highly aerial birds. They are superficially similar to swallows, but are not closely related to any passerine species. Swifts are placed in the order Apodiformes with hummingbirds. The treeswifts are closely r ...

Swift Swift or SWIFT most commonly refers to: * SWIFT, an international organization facilitating transactions between banks ** SWIFT code * Swift (programming language) * Swift (bird), a family of birds It may also refer to: Organizations * SWIFT, ...

s are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang. *

Black swift The American black swift, or more simply black swift (''Cypseloides niger''), is a species of bird that is found from northern British Columbia in Canada through the United States and Mexico to Costa Rica and Brazil. They are also found in the Ca ...

, ''Cypseloides niger'' (vulnerable) * White-chinned swift, ''Cypseloides cryptus'' *

Spot-fronted swift The spot-fronted swift (''Cypseloides cherriei'') is a species of bird in subfamily Cypseloidinae of the swift family Apodidae.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist ...

, ''Cypseloides cherriei'' *

Chestnut-collared swift The chestnut-collared swift (''Streptoprocne rutila'') is a species of bird in subfamily Cypseloidinae of the swift family Apodidae. It is found from Mexico and Trinidad south to Peru and Bolivia.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook ...

, ''Streptoprocne rutila'' *

White-collared swift The white-collared swift (''Streptoprocne zonaris'') is a species of bird in subfamily Cypseloidinae of the swift family Apodidae. It is found in Mexico, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, Trinidad, and every mainland South America country excep ...

, ''Streptoprocne zonaris'' *

Gray-rumped swift The grey-rumped swift or gray-rumped swift (''Chaetura cinereiventris'') is a species of bird in subfamily Apodinae of the swift family Apodidae.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife Internationa ...

, ''Chaetura cinereiventris'' *

Costa Rican swift The Costa Rican swift (''Chaetura fumosa'') is a species of bird in subfamily Apodinae of the swift family Apodidae.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the bir ...

, ''Chaetura fumosa'' (E-R) *

Chimney swift The chimney swift (''Chaetura pelagica'') is a bird belonging to the swift family Apodidae. A member of the genus ''Chaetura'', it is closely related to both the Vaux's swift and the Chapman's swift; in the past, the three were sometimes conside ...

, ''Chaetura pelagica'' (vulnerable) *

Vaux's swift Vaux's swift (''Chaetura vauxi'') is a small swift native to North America, Central America, and northern South America. It was named for the American scientist William Sansom Vaux. Description This is a small swift, even compared to other ''C ...

, ''Chaetura vauxi'' *

Lesser swallow-tailed swift The lesser swallow-tailed swift or Cayenne swift (''Panyptila cayennensis'') is a species of bird in subfamily Apodinae of the swift family Apodidae. It is found from southern Mexico through Central America; in every mainland South America coun ...

, ''Panyptila cayennensis'' *

Great swallow-tailed swift The great swallow-tailed swift (''Panyptila sanctihieronymi'') is a species of bird in subfamily Apodinae of the swift family Apodidae.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital c ...

, ''Panyptila sanctihieronymi'' (A)

Hummingbirds

Order:

Family:

Trochilidae Hummingbirds are birds native to the Americas and comprise the biological family Trochilidae. With about 361 species and 113 genera, they occur from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, but the vast majority of the species are found in the tropics arou ...

Hummingbird Hummingbirds are birds native to the Americas and comprise the biological family Trochilidae. With about 361 species and 113 genera, they occur from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, but the vast majority of the species are found in the tropics aro ...

s are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards. *

White-necked jacobin The white-necked jacobin (''Florisuga mellivora'') is a medium-size hummingbird that ranges from Mexico south through Central America and northern South America into Brazil, Peru and Bolivia. It is also found in Trinidad & Tobago. Other common ...

, ''Florisuga mellivora'' *

White-tipped sicklebill The white-tipped sicklebill (''Eutoxeres aquila'') is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. ...

, ''Eutoxeres aquila'' *

Bronzy hermit The bronzy hermit (''Glaucis aeneus'') is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. Taxonomy and systematics The bronzy hermit and the rufous-breasted he ...

, ''Glaucis aeneus'' * Band-tailed barbthroat, ''Threnetes ruckeri'' *

Green hermit The green hermit (''Phaethornis guy'') is a large hummingbird that is a resident breeder from southern Central America ( Costa Rica and Panama) south to northern South America (north-eastern Venezuela and Trinidad, and the northern Andes of east ...

, ''Phaethornis guy'' *

Long-billed hermit The long-billed hermit (''Phaethornis longirostris'') is a bird in the family Trochilidae, the hummingbirds. It is found from central Mexico south through Central America, Colombia and Ecuador into Peru. Taxonomy and systematics It has often ...

, ''Phaethornis longirostris'' *

Stripe-throated hermit The stripe-throated hermit (''Phaethornis striigularis'') is a species of hummingbird from Central America and north-western South America. It is generally fairly common and considered Least Concern by BirdLife International. Description and sys ...

, ''Phaethornis striigularis'' * Green-fronted lancebill, ''Doryfera ludovicae'' *

Brown violetear The brown violetear (''Colibri delphinae'') is a large hummingbird that breeds at middle elevations in the mountains in Central America, and western and northern South America (primarily the Andes and the tepuis) with isolated populations on Trin ...

, ''Colibri delphinae'' * Mexican violetear, ''Colibri thalassinus'' (A) *

Lesser violetear The lesser violetear (''Colibri cyanotus''), also known as the mountain violet-ear, is a medium-sized, metallic green hummingbird species commonly found in forested areas from Costa Rica to northern South America. This species and the Mexican ...

, ''Colibri cyanotus '' *

Purple-crowned fairy The purple-crowned fairy (''Heliothryx barroti'') is a species of hummingbird in the subfamily Polytminae, the mangoes. It is found from southeastern Mexico south into northern Peru.HBW and BirdLife International (2020) ''Handbook of the Birds ...

, ''Heliothryx barroti'' *

Green-breasted mango The green-breasted mango or Prevost's mango (''Anthracothorax prevostii'') is a species in subfamily Polytminae of the hummingbird family Trochilidae. It is found from eastern Mexico south through most of Central America, in Colombia and Venez ...

, ''Anthracothorax prevostii'' * Veraguan mango, ''Anthracothorax veraguensis'' (R?) *

Green thorntail The green thorntail (''Discosura conversii'') is a small hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Panama.HBW and BirdLife International (2020) ''Handbook of the Bir ...

, ''Discosura conversii'' *

Rufous-crested coquette The rufous-crested coquette (''Lophornis delattrei'') is a species of hummingbird native to the tropical slopes of pacific South America. Due to its small size and population, it is a rare sight even within its native region. Males of the species ...

, ''Lophornis delattrei'' (A) *

Black-crested coquette The black-crested coquette (''Lophornis helenae'') is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua.HBW and BirdLife Internatio ...

, ''Lophornis helenae'' *

White-crested coquette The white-crested coquette (''Lophornis adorabilis'') is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.HBW and BirdLife International (2020) ''Handbook of the Birds o ...

, ''Lophornis adorabilis'' (E-R) *

Green-crowned brilliant The green-crowned brilliant (''Heliodoxa jacula'') is species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Panama.HBW and BirdLife International (2020) ''Handboo ...

, ''Heliodoxa jacula'' *

Rivoli's hummingbird Rivoli's hummingbird (''Eugenes fulgens''), also known as the magnificent hummingbird, is a species of hummingbird in the "mountain gems", tribe Lampornithini in subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nica ...

, ''Eugenes fulgens'' (A) *

Talamanca hummingbird The Talamanca hummingbird or admirable hummingbird (''Eugenes spectabilis'') is a species of hummingbird in the "mountain gems", tribe Lampornithini in subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.HBW and BirdLife International (2 ...

, ''Eugenes spectabilis'' (E-R) *

Fiery-throated hummingbird The fiery-throated hummingbird (''Panterpe insignis'') is a species of hummingbird in the "mountain gems" tribe Lampornithini in subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.HBW and BirdLife International (2020) ''Handbook of the B ...

, ''Panterpe insignis'' (E-R) *

Long-billed starthroat The long-billed starthroat (''Heliomaster longirostris'') is a species of hummingbird in the "mountain gems", tribe Lampornithini in subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Mexico, Central America, Trinidad, and all but the four southernmost coun ...

, ''Heliomaster longirostris'' * Plain-capped starthroat, ''Heliomaster constantii'' * White-bellied mountain-gem, ''Lampornis hemileucus'' (E-R) *

Purple-throated mountain-gem The purple-throated mountaingem (''Lampornis calolaemus'') is a species of hummingbird in tribe Lampornithini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama.HBW and BirdLife International (2020) ''Handbook of the ...

, ''Lampornis calolaemus'' * White-throated mountain-gem, ''Lampornis castaneoventris'' (E-R) * Magenta-throated woodstar, ''Philodice bryantae'' (E-R) *

Ruby-throated hummingbird The ruby-throated hummingbird (''Archilochus colubris'') is a species of hummingbird that generally spends the winter in Central America, Mexico, and Florida, and migrates to Canada and other parts of Eastern North America for the summer to bree ...

, ''Archilochus colubris'' *

Volcano hummingbird The volcano hummingbird (''Selasphorus flammula'') is a species of hummingbird in tribe Mellisugini of subfamily Trochilinae, the "bee hummingbirds". It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.HBW and BirdLife International (2020) ''Handbook of the ...

, ''Selasphorus flammula'' (E-R) *

Scintillant hummingbird The scintillant hummingbird (''Selasphorus scintilla'') is a hummingbird endemic to Costa Rica and Panama. This species is replaced at higher elevations by its relative, the volcano hummingbird, ''S. flammula''. Habitat It inhabits brushy for ...

, ''Selasphorus scintilla'' (E-R) *

Canivet's emerald Canivet's emerald (''Cynanthus canivetii'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua. Taxonomy and syste ...

, ''Cynanthus canivetii'' * Garden emerald, ''Chlorostilbon assimilis'' (E-R) * Violet-headed hummingbird, ''Klais guimeti'' *

Violet sabrewing The violet sabrewing (''Campylopterus hemileucurus'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of the subfamily Trochilinae. It is found from Mexico to Panama.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of ...

, ''Campylopterus hemileucurus'' *

Bronze-tailed plumeleteer The bronze-tailed plumeleteer (''Chalybura urochrysia'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Panama.HBW and BirdLife Internationa ...

, ''Chalybura urochrysia'' *

Crowned woodnymph The crowned woodnymph or violet-crowned woodnymph (''Thalurania colombica'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found from Belize and Guatemala to northern Peru.HBW and BirdLife Int ...

, ''Thalurania colombica'' *

Snowcap The snowcap (''Microchera albocoronata'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of th ...

, ''Microchera albocoronata'' (E-R) *

Coppery-headed emerald The coppery-headed emerald (''Microchera cupreiceps'') is a small hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is endemic to Costa Rica.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and ...

, ''Microchera cupreiceps'' (E) *

White-tailed emerald The white-tailed emerald (''Microchera chionura'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the ...

, ''Microchera chionura'' (E-R) *

Stripe-tailed hummingbird The stripe-tailed hummingbird (''Eupherusa eximia'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found from southeastern Mexico to Panama.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the ...

, ''Eupherusa eximia'' * Black-bellied hummingbird, ''Eupherusa nigriventris'' (E-R) * Scaly-breasted hummingbird, ''Phaeochroa cuvierii'' *

Blue-vented hummingbird The blue-vented hummingbird (''Saucerottia hoffmanni'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Costa Rica and Nicaragua. Taxonomy and systematics The blue-vented hummingbird wa ...

, ''Saucerottia hoffmanni'' *

Blue-tailed hummingbird The blue-tailed hummingbird (''Saucerottia cyanura'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua. Taxonomy and sy ...

, ''Saucerottia cyanura'' *

Snowy-bellied hummingbird The snowy-bellied hummingbird or snowy-breasted hummingbird (''Saucerottia edward''), is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in mostly in Costa Rica and Panama with a few records i ...

, ''Saucerottia edward'' (E-R) *

Cinnamon hummingbird The cinnamon hummingbird (''Amazilia rutila'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found from northwestern Mexico to Costa Rica. Taxonomy The cinnamon hummingbird was formally descri ...

, ''Amazilia rutila'' *

Rufous-tailed hummingbird The rufous-tailed hummingbird (''Amazilia tzacatl'') is a medium-sized hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found from east-central Mexico through Central America and Colombia into Ecuador and Venez ...

, ''Amazilia tzacatl'' *

Mangrove hummingbird The mangrove hummingbird (''Amazilia boucardi'') is an Endangered species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is endemic to Costa Rica. Taxonomy The mangrove hummingbird was formally described in 18 ...

, ''Amazilia boucardi'' (E) (endangered) *

Sapphire-throated hummingbird The sapphire-throated hummingbird (''Chrysuronia coeruleogularis'') is a shiny metallic-green hummingbird found in Panama, Colombia, and more recently Costa Rica. The sapphire-throated hummingbird is separated into three subspecies; ''Chrysuroni ...

, ''Chrysuronia coeruleogularis'' *

Blue-chested hummingbird The blue-chested hummingbird (''Polyerata amabilis'') is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Panama. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland f ...

, ''Polyerata amabilis'' * Charming hummingbird, ''Polyerata decora'' (E-R) * White-bellied emerald, ''Chlorestes candida'' (R?) * Blue-throated goldentail, ''Chlorestes eliciae'' Image:142aL44mountaingem.JPG, Female gray-tailed mountain-gem Image:Male Elvira cupreiceps at feeder - closeup.jpg, Male coppery-headed emerald, one of Costa Rica's endemics File:Heliodoxa jacula (female) taxobox.jpg, Female green-crowned brilliant Image:Selasphorus flammula.jpg, Male volcano hummingbird

Rails, gallinules, and coots

Order:

Gruiformes The Gruiformes are an order (biology), order containing a considerable number of living and extinct bird family (biology), families, with a widespread geographical diversity. Gruiform means "crane-like". Traditionally, a number of wading and t ...

Family:

Rallidae The rails, or Rallidae, are a large cosmopolitan family of small- to medium-sized, ground-living birds. The family exhibits considerable diversity and includes the crakes, coots, and gallinules. Many species are associated with wetlands, althoug ...

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the

rails Rail or rails may refer to: Rail transport *Rail transport and related matters *Rail (rail transport) or railway lines, the running surface of a railway Arts and media Film * ''Rails'' (film), a 1929 Italian film by Mario Camerini * ''Rail'' ( ...

crake The rails, or Rallidae, are a large cosmopolitan family of small- to medium-sized, ground-living birds. The family exhibits considerable diversity and includes the crakes, coots, and gallinules. Many species are associated with wetlands, althoug ...

coot Coots are medium-sized water birds that are members of the rail family, Rallidae. They constitute the genus ''Fulica'', the name being the Latin term for "coot". Coots have predominantly black plumage, and—unlike many rails—they are usually ...

s, and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers. *

Paint-billed crake The paint-billed crake (''Neocrex erythrops'') is a species of bird in the subfamily Rallinae of the rail, crake, and coot family Rallidae.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digit ...

, ''Mustelirallus erythrops'' *

Spotted rail The spotted rail (''Pardirallus maculatus'') is a species of bird in the subfamily Rallinae of the rail, crake, and coot family Rallidae. It is found in Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America.HBW and BirdLife International (2 ...

, ''Pardirallus maculatus'' * Uniform crake, ''Amaurolimnas concolor'' *

Rufous-necked wood-rail The rufous-necked wood rail (''Aramides axillaris'') is a species of bird in the subfamily Rallinae of the rail, crake, and coot family Rallidae.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International ...

, ''Aramides axillaris'' *

Russet-naped wood-rail The russet-naped wood rail or rufous-naped wood rail (''Aramides albiventris'') is a species of bird in the subfamily Rallinae of the rail, crake, and coot family Rallidae. It is found from Mexico to Costa Rica.HBW and BirdLife International (2 ...

, ''Aramides albiventris'' * Gray-cowled wood-rail, ''Aramides cajaneus'' *

Mangrove rail The mangrove rail (''Rallus longirostris'') is a species of bird in subfamily Rallinae of family Rallidae, the rails, gallinules, and coots. It is found in Central and South America.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of ...

, ''Rallus longirostris'' *

Clapper rail The clapper rail (''Rallus crepitans'') is a member of the rail family, Rallidae. The taxonomy for this species is confusing and still being determined. It is a large brown rail that is resident in wetlands along the Atlantic coasts of the easte ...

, ''Rallus crepitans'' (A) *

Colombian crake The Colombian crake (''Neocrex colombiana'') is a species of bird in the subfamily Rallinae of the rail, crake, and coot family Rallidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds ...

, ''Mustelirallus colombianus'' (A) * Sora, ''Porzana carolina'' *

Common gallinule The common gallinule (''Gallinula galeata'') is a bird in the family Rallidae. It was split from the common moorhen by the American Ornithologists' Union in July 2011. It lives around well-vegetated marshes, ponds, canals, and other wetlands in t ...

, ''Gallinula galeata'' *

American coot The American coot (''Fulica americana''), also known as a mud hen or pouldeau, is a bird of the family Rallidae. Though commonly mistaken for ducks, American coots are only distantly related to ducks, belonging to a separate order. Unlike the we ...

, ''Fulica americana'' *

Purple gallinule Purple gallinule is an alternative name for two species of birds in the rail family. It can refer to: * Purple swamphen, a group of closely related species of swamphen of the Old World * American purple gallinule The purple gallinule (''Porphyr ...

, ''Porphyrio martinicus'' *

Ocellated crake The ocellated crake (''Micropygia schomburgkii'') is a species of bird in the family Rallidae that is placed in the monotypic genus ''Micropygia''. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surin ...

, ''Micropygia schomburgkii'' *

Yellow-breasted crake The yellow-breasted crake (''Laterallus flaviventer'') is a species of bird in subfamily Rallinae of family Rallidae, the rails, gallinules, and coots. It is found on several Caribbean islands and in most of Central America and South America.HB ...

, ''Hapalocrex flaviventer'' *

Ruddy crake The ruddy crake (''Laterallus ruber'') is a bird in the rail family, Rallidae. Other names the Ruddy Crake is known by are “Red Rail”, “Rudy Rail” and “Red Crake”. Description The ruddy crake can be identified by its ruddy plumage t ...

, ''Laterallus ruber'' (R?) *

White-throated crake The white-throated crake (''Laterallus albigularis'') is a species of bird in subfamily Rallinae of family Rallidae, the rails, gallinules, and coots. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, and Venezuela.HBW ...

, ''Laterallus albigularis'' * Gray-breasted crake, ''Laterallus exilis'' * Black rail, ''Laterallus jamaicensis'' (R?)

Finfoots

Order:

Family:

Heliornithidae The Heliornithidae are a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet like those of grebes and coots. The family overall are known as finfoots, although one species is known as a sungrebe. The family is composed of three speci ...

Heliornithidae is a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots. *

Sungrebe The sungrebe (''Heliornis fulica'') is a small aquatic gruiform found in the tropical and subtropical Americas from northeastern Mexico to central Ecuador and southern Brazil.Luo, Miles. K. (2009, October 16). ''Heliornis fulica'' (T. S. Schulen ...

, ''Heliornis fulica''

Limpkin

Order:

Family:

Aramidae Aramidae is a bird family in the order Gruiformes. The limpkin The limpkin (''Aramus guarauna''), also called carrao, courlan, and crying bird, is a large wading bird related to rails and cranes, and the only extant species in the family Ara ...

The limpkin resembles a large rail. It has drab-brown plumage and a grayer head and neck. *

Limpkin The limpkin (''Aramus guarauna''), also called carrao, courlan, and crying bird, is a large wading bird related to rails and cranes, and the only extant species in the family Aramidae. It is found mostly in wetlands in warm parts of the America ...

, ''Aramus guarauna''

Thick-knees

Order:

Charadriiformes Charadriiformes (, from ''Charadrius'', the type genus of family Charadriidae) is a diverse order of small to medium-large birds. It includes about 390 species and has members in all parts of the world. Most charadriiform birds live near water an ...

Family:

Burhinidae The stone-curlews, also known as dikkops or thick-knees, consist of 10 species within the family Burhinidae, and are found throughout the tropical and temperate parts of the world, with two or more species occurring in some areas of Africa, Asia, ...

The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes, and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats. *

Double-striped thick-knee The double-striped thick-knee (''Burhinus bistriatus'') is a stone-curlew, a group of waders in the family Burhinidae. The vernacular name refers to the prominent joints in the long greenish-grey legs, and ''bistriatus'' to the two stripes of t ...

, ''Burhinus bistriatus''

Stilts and avocets

Order:

Family:

Recurvirostridae The Recurvirostridae are a family of birds in the wader suborder Charadrii. It contains two distinct groups of birds, the avocets (one genus) and the stilts (two genera). Description Avocets and stilts range in length from and in weight from ; ...

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds which includes the

avocet The four species of avocets are a genus, ''Recurvirostra'', of waders in the same avian family as the stilts. The genus name comes from Latin , 'curved backwards' and , 'bill'. The common name is thought to derive from the Italian ( Ferrarese) w ...

s and

stilt Stilt is a common name for several species of birds in the family Recurvirostridae, which also includes those known as avocets. They are found in brackish or saline wetlands in warm or hot climates. They have extremely long legs, hence the grou ...

s. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. *

Black-necked stilt The black-necked stilt (''Himantopus mexicanus'') is a locally abundant shorebird of American wetlands and coastlines. It is found from the coastal areas of California through much of the interior western United States and along the Gulf of Mexic ...

, ''Himantopus mexicanus'' *

American avocet The American avocet (''Recurvirostra americana'') is a large wader in the avocet and stilt family, Recurvirostridae, that is found in North America. It spends much of its time foraging in shallow water or on mud flats, often sweeping its bill fro ...

, ''Recurvirostra americana''

Oystercatchers

Order:

Family: Haematopodidae The

oystercatcher The oystercatchers are a group of waders forming the family Haematopodidae, which has a single genus, ''Haematopus''. They are found on coasts worldwide apart from the polar regions and some tropical regions of Africa and South East Asia. The e ...

s are large and noisy

plover Plovers ( , ) are a widely distributed group of wading birds belonging to the subfamily Charadriinae. Description There are about 66 species in the subfamily, most of them called "plover" or "dotterel". The closely related lapwing subfa ...

-like birds with strong bills used for smashing or prying open

mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...

s. *

American oystercatcher The American oystercatcher (''Haematopus palliatus''), occasionally called the American pied oystercatcher, is a member of family Haematopodidae. Originally called the "sea pie", it was renamed in 1731 when naturalist Mark Catesby observed the b ...

, ''Haematopus palliatus''

Plovers and lapwings

Order:

Family:

Charadriidae The bird family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings, about 64 to 68 species in all. Taxonomy The family Charadriidae was introduced (as Charadriadæ) by the English zoologist William Elford Leach in a guide to the conten ...

The family Charadriidae includes the

dotterel The Eurasian dotterel (''Charadrius morinellus''), also known in Europe as just dotterel, is a small wader in the plover family of birds. The dotterel is a brown and black streaked bird with a broad white eye-stripe and an orange-red chest ban ...

s, and

lapwing Lapwings (subfamily Vanellinae) are any of various ground-nesting birds (family Charadriidae) akin to plovers and dotterels. They range from in length, and are noted for their slow, irregular wingbeats in flight and a shrill, wailing cry. A gro ...

s. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water. * Southern lapwing, ''Vanellus chilensis'' *

Black-bellied plover The grey plover or black-bellied plover (''Pluvialis squatarola'') is a large plover breeding in Arctic regions. It is a long-distance migrant, with a nearly worldwide coastal distribution when not breeding. Taxonomy The grey plover was forma ...

, ''Pluvialis squatarola'' *

American golden-plover The American golden plover (''Pluvialis dominica''), is a medium-sized plover. The genus name is Latin and means relating to rain, from ''pluvia'', "rain". It was believed that golden plovers flocked when rain was imminent. The species name ''d ...

, ''Pluvialis dominica'' * Pacific golden-plover, ''Pluvialis fulva'' (A) *

Killdeer The killdeer (''Charadrius vociferus'') is a large plover found in the Americas. It was described and given its current scientific name in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of his ''Systema Naturae''. Three subspecies are described. T ...

, ''Charadrius vociferus'' *

Semipalmated plover The semipalmated plover (''Charadrius semipalmatus'') is a small plover. ''Charadrius'' is a Late Latin word for a yellowish bird mentioned in the fourth-century Vulgate. It derives from Ancient Greek ''kharadrios'' a bird found in ravines and ri ...

, ''Charadrius semipalmatus'' *

Piping plover The piping plover (''Charadrius melodus'') is a small sand-colored, sparrow-sized shorebird that nests and feeds along coastal sand and gravel beaches in North America. The adult has yellow-orange-red legs, a black band across the forehead from e ...

, ''Charadrius melodus'' (A) *

Wilson's plover Wilson's plover (''Charadrius wilsonia'') is a small bird of the family Charadriidae. It was named after the Scottish-American ornithologist Alexander Wilson by his friend George Ord in 1814. Wilson's plover is a coastal wader which breeds o ...

, ''Charadrius wilsonia'' *

Collared plover The collared plover (''Charadrius collaris'') is a small shorebird in the plover family, Charadriidae. It lives along coasts and riverbanks of the tropical to temperate Americas, from central Mexico south to Chile and Argentina. This small plove ...

, ''Charadrius collaris'' *

Snowy plover The snowy plover (''Charadrius nivosus'') is a small wader in the plover bird family, typically about 5-7" in length. It breeds in the southern and western United States, the Caribbean, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile. Long considered to be a subspecie ...

, ''Charadrius nivosus''

Jacanas

Order:

Family:

Jacanidae The jacanas (sometimes referred to as Jesus birds or lily trotters) are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found in the tropical regions around the world. They are noted for their elongated toes and toenails that allow ...

The jacanas are a family of waders which are found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat. *

Northern jacana The northern jacana or northern jaçana (''Jacana spinosa'') is a wader which is known as a resident breeder from coastal Mexico to western Panama, and on Cuba, Jamaica and Hispaniola in the Caribbean. It sometimes known to breed in Texas, United ...

, ''Jacana spinosa'' *

Wattled jacana The wattled jacana (''Jacana jacana'') is a wader which is a resident breeder from western Panama and Trinidad south through most of South America east of the Andes. Breeding The wattled jacana lays four black-marked brown eggs in a floating n ...

, ''Jacana jacana'' (A)

Sandpipers and allies

Order:

Family:

Scolopacidae Sandpipers are a large family, Scolopacidae, of waders. They include many species called sandpipers, as well as those called by names such as curlew and snipe. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. ...

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the

sandpiper Sandpipers are a large family, Scolopacidae, of waders. They include many species called sandpipers, as well as those called by names such as curlew and snipe. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. ...

curlew The curlews () are a group of nine species of birds in the genus ''Numenius'', characterised by their long, slender, downcurved bills and mottled brown plumage. The English name is imitative of the Eurasian curlew's call, but may have been in ...

godwit The godwits are a group of large, long-billed, long-legged and strongly migratory waders of the bird genus ''Limosa''. Their long bills allow them to probe deeply in the sand for aquatic worms and molluscs. In their winter range, they flock ...

s, Tringa, shanks, Tattler (bird), tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. * Upland sandpiper, ''Bartramia longicauda'' * Hudsonian whimbrel, Whimbrel, ''Numenius phaeopus'' * Long-billed curlew, ''Numenius americanus'' * Eskimo curlew, ''Numenius borealis'' (exterpated) * Hudsonian godwit, ''Limosa haemastica'' * Marbled godwit, ''Limosa fedoa'' * Ruddy turnstone, ''Arenaria interpres'' * Red knot, ''Calidris canutus'' * Surfbird, ''Calidris virgata'' * Ruff (bird), Ruff, ''Calidris pugnax'' * Stilt sandpiper, ''Calidris himantopus'' * Curlew sandpiper, ''Calidris ferruginea'' * Sanderling, ''Calidris alba'' * Dunlin, ''Calidris alpina'' * Baird's sandpiper, ''Calidris bairdii'' * Least sandpiper, ''Calidris minutilla'' * White-rumped sandpiper, ''Calidris fuscicollis'' * Buff-breasted sandpiper, ''Calidris subruficollis'' * Pectoral sandpiper, ''Calidris melanotos'' * Semipalmated sandpiper, ''Calidris pusilla'' * Western sandpiper, ''Calidris mauri'' * Short-billed dowitcher, ''Limnodromus griseus'' * Long-billed dowitcher, ''Limnodromus scolopaceus'' * Wilson's snipe, ''Gallinago delicata'' * Spotted sandpiper, ''Actitis macularius'' * Solitary sandpiper, ''Tringa solitaria'' * Wandering tattler, ''Tringa incana'' * Lesser yellowlegs, ''Tringa flavipes'' * Willet, ''Tringa semipalmata'' * Greater yellowlegs, ''Tringa melanoleuca'' * Wilson's phalarope, ''Phalaropus tricolor'' * Red-necked phalarope, ''Phalaropus lobatus'' * Red phalarope, ''Phalaropus fulicarius'' File:Limnodromus scolopaceus Mike Baird crop.jpg, Long-billed dowitcher Image:Western Sandpiper.jpg, Western sandpiper File:Actitis-macularia-005.jpg, Spotted sandpiper

Skuas and jaegers

Order:

Family: Stercorariidae The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants. * South polar skua, ''Stercorarius maccormicki'' (A) * Pomarine jaeger, ''Stercorarius pomarinus'' * Parasitic jaeger, ''Stercorarius parasiticus'' * Long-tailed jaeger, ''Stercorarius longicaudus'' (A)

Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Order:

Family: Laridae Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, kittiwakes, terns, and Skimmer (bird), skimmers. They are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with gray or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish. * Swallow-tailed gull, ''Creagrus furcatus'' * Black-legged kittiwake, ''Rissa tridactyla'' (A) (vulnerable) * Sabine's gull, ''Xema sabini'' * Bonaparte's gull, ''Chroicocephalus philadelphia'' (A) * Gray-hooded gull, ''Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus'' (A) * Gray gull, ''Leucophaeus modestus'' (A) * Laughing gull, ''Leucophaeus atricilla'' * Franklin's gull, ''Leucophaeus pipixcan'' * Belcher's gull, ''Larus belcheri'' (A) * Heermann's gull, ''Larus heermanni'' (A) * Ring-billed gull, ''Larus delawarensis'' * Western gull, ''Larus occidentalis'' (A) * California gull, ''Larus californicus'' (A) * Herring gull, ''Larus argentatus'' * Lesser black-backed gull, ''Larus fuscus'' (A) * Great black-backed gull, ''Larus marinus'' (A) * Kelp gull, ''Larus dominicanus'' (A) * Brown noddy, ''Anous stolidus'' * Black noddy, ''Anous minutus'' * White tern, ''Gygis alba '' * Sooty tern, ''Onychoprion fuscatus'' * Bridled tern, ''Onychoprion anaethetus'' * Least tern, ''Sternula antillarum'' * Yellow-billed Tern, ''Sternula superciliaris'' (A) * Large-billed tern, ''Phaetusa simplex'' (A) * Gull-billed tern, ''Gelochelidon nilotica'' * Caspian tern, ''Hydroprogne caspia'' * Inca tern, ''Larosterna inca'' (A) * Black tern, ''Chlidonias niger'' * Roseate tern, ''Sterna dougallii'' (A) * Common tern, ''Sterna hirundo'' * Arctic tern, ''Sterna paradisaea'' * Forster's tern, ''Sterna forsteri'' * Royal tern, ''Thalasseus maximus'' * Sandwich tern, ''Thalasseus sandvicensis'' * Elegant tern, ''Thalasseus elegans'' * Black skimmer, ''Rynchops niger''

Sunbittern

Order: EurypygiformesFamily: Eurypygidae The sunbittern is a bittern-like bird of tropical regions of the Americas and the sole member of the family Eurypygidae (sometimes spelled Eurypigidae) and genus ''Eurypyga''. * Sunbittern, ''Eurypyga helias''

Tropicbirds

Order: PhaethontiformesFamily: Phaethontidae Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans which have exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings. * White-tailed tropicbird, ''Phaethon lepturus'' (A) * Red-billed tropicbird, ''Phaethon aethereus'' * Red-tailed tropicbird, ''Phaethon rubricauda'' (A)

Albatrosses

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Diomedeidae The albatrosses are among the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus ''Diomedea'' have the largest wingspans of any extant birds. * Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross, Yellow-nosed albatross, ''Thalassarche chlororhynchos'' (A) (endangered) * Salvin's albatross, ''Thalassarche salvini'' (A) * Waved albatross, ''Phoebastria irrorata'' (A) (critically endangered)

Southern storm-petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Oceanitidae The storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Until 2018, this family's three species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae. * Wilson's storm-petrel, ''Oceanites oceanicus'' (A) * White-faced storm-petrel, ''Pelagodroma marina'' (A) * White-bellied storm-petrel, ''Fregetta grallaria'' (A)

Northern storm-petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Hydrobatidae Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family. * Leach's storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates leucorhous'' (vulnerable) * Band-rumped storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates castro'' (A) * Wedge-rumped storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates tethys'' * Black storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates melania'' * Markham's storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates markhami'' * Least storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates microsoma''

Shearwaters and petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Procellariidae The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary. * Black-capped petrel, ''Pterodroma hasitata'' (A) * Galapagos petrel, ''Pterodroma phaeopygia'' (A) (critically endangered) * Tahiti petrel, ''Pterodroma rostrata'' * Spectacled petrel, ''Procellaria conspicillata'' (A) (vulnerable) * Parkinson's petrel, ''Procellaria parkinsoni'' (vulnerable) * Cory's shearwater, ''Calonectris diomedea'' (A) * Wedge-tailed shearwater, ''Ardenna pacifica'' * Short-tailed shearwater, ''Ardenna tenuirostris'' * Sooty shearwater, ''Ardenna grisea'' * Great shearwater, ''Ardenna gravis'' (A) * Pink-footed shearwater, ''Ardenna creatopus'' (vulnerable) * Christmas shearwater, ''Puffinus nativitatis'' (A) * Galapagos shearwater, ''Puffinus subalaris'' * Manx shearwater, ''Puffinus puffinus'' (A) * Black-vented shearwater, ''Puffinus opisthomelas'' (A) * Audubon's shearwater, ''Puffinus lherminieri''

Storks

Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ciconiidae Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory. * Maguari stork, ''Ciconia maguari'' (A) * Jabiru, ''Jabiru mycteria'' * Wood stork, ''Mycteria americana''

Frigatebirds

Order: SuliformesFamily: Fregatidae Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week. * Magnificent frigatebird, ''Fregata magnificens'' * Great frigatebird, ''Fregata minor''

Boobies and gannets

Order: SuliformesFamily: Sulidae The sulids comprise the gannets and booby, boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish. * Masked booby, ''Sula dactylatra'' * Nazca booby, ''Sula granti'' (R?) * Blue-footed booby, ''Sula nebouxii'' * Peruvian booby, ''Sula variegata'' (A) * Brown booby, ''Sula leucogaster'' * Red-footed booby, ''Sula sula''

Anhingas

Order: SuliformesFamily: Anhingidae Darters, Anhingas are often called "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape, and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The anhingas have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving. * Anhinga, ''Anhinga anhinga''

Cormorants and shags

Order: SuliformesFamily: Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage coloration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white, and a few being colorful. * Neotropic cormorant, ''Nannopterum brasilianum''

Pelicans

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Pelecanidae Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes. * American white pelican, ''Pelecanus erythrorhynchos'' (A) * Brown pelican, ''Pelecanus occidentalis''

Herons, egrets, and bitterns

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Ardeidae The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons, and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills. * Pinnated bittern, ''Botaurus pinnatus'' * American bittern, ''Botaurus lentiginosus'' * Least bittern, ''Ixobrychus exilis'' * Rufescent tiger-heron, ''Tigrisoma lineatum'' * Fasciated tiger-heron, ''Tigrisoma fasciatum'' * Bare-throated tiger-heron, ''Tigrisoma mexicanum'' * Great blue heron, ''Ardea herodias'' * Great egret, ''Ardea alba'' * Whistling heron, ''Syrigma sibilatrix'' (A) (R?) * Snowy egret, ''Egretta thula'' * Little blue heron, ''Egretta caerulea'' * Tricolored heron, ''Egretta tricolor'' * Reddish egret, ''Egretta rufescens'' * Cattle egret, ''Bubulcus ibis'' * Green heron, ''Butorides virescens'' * Striated heron, ''Butorides striata'' (A) * Agami heron, ''Agamia agami'' (vulnerable) * Black-crowned night-heron, ''Nycticorax nycticorax'' * Yellow-crowned night-heron, ''Nyctanassa violacea'' * Boat-billed heron, ''Cochlearius cochlearius''

Ibises and spoonbills

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Threskiornithidae Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers. * American white ibis, White ibis, ''Eudocimus albus'' * Glossy ibis, ''Plegadis falcinellus'' * White-faced ibis, ''Plegadis chihi'' (A) * Green ibis, ''Mesembrinibis cayennensis'' * Bare-faced ibis, ''Phimosus infuscatusM'' (A) * Roseate spoonbill, ''Platalea ajaja''

New World vultures

Order: CathartiformesFamily: Cathartidae The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carrion. * King vulture, ''Sarcoramphus papa'' * Black vulture, ''Coragyps atratus'' * Turkey vulture, ''Cathartes aura'' * Lesser yellow-headed vulture, ''Cathartes burrovianus''

Osprey

Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Pandionidae The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large bird of prey, raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution. * Osprey, ''Pandion haliaetus''

Hawks, eagles, and kites

Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Accipitridae Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, Kite (bird), kites, Harrier (bird), harriers, and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight. * Pearl kite, ''Gampsonyx swainsonii'' * White-tailed kite, ''Elanus leucurus'' * Hook-billed kite, ''Chondrohierax uncinatus'' * Gray-headed kite, ''Leptodon cayanensis'' * Swallow-tailed kite, ''Elanoides forficatus'' * Crested eagle, ''Morphnus guianensis'' * Harpy eagle, ''Harpia harpyja'' * Black hawk-eagle, ''Spizaetus tyrannus'' * Black-and-white hawk-eagle, ''Spizaetus melanoleucus'' * Ornate hawk-eagle, ''Spizaetus ornatus'' * Double-toothed kite, ''Harpagus bidentatus'' * Northern harrier, ''Circus hudsonius'' * Gray-bellied hawk, ''Accipiter poliogaster'' (R?) * Tiny hawk, ''Accipiter superciliosus'' * Sharp-shinned hawk, ''Accipiter striatus'' * Cooper's hawk, ''Accipiter cooperii'' * Bicolored hawk, ''Accipiter bicolor'' * Mississippi kite, ''Ictinia mississippiensis'' * Black-collared hawk, ''Busarellus nigricollis'' * Crane hawk, ''Geranospiza caerulescens'' * Snail kite, ''Rostrhamus sociabilis'' * Plumbeous hawk, ''Cryptoleucopteryx plumbea'' * Common black hawk, ''Buteogallus anthracinus'' * Savanna hawk, ''Buteogallus meridionalis'' * Great black hawk, ''Buteogallus urubitinga'' * Solitary eagle, ''Buteogallus solitarius'' * Barred hawk, ''Morphnarchus princeps'' * Roadside hawk, ''Rupornis magnirostris'' * Harris's hawk, ''Parabuteo unicinctus'' * White-tailed hawk, ''Geranoaetus albicaudatus'' * White hawk, ''Pseudastur albicollis'' * Semiplumbeous hawk, ''Leucopternis semiplumbeus'' * Gray hawk, ''Buteo plagiatus'' * Gray-lined hawk, ''Buteo nitidus'' * Broad-winged hawk, ''Buteo platypterus'' * Short-tailed hawk, ''Buteo brachyurus'' * Swainson's hawk, ''Buteo swainsoni'' * Zone-tailed hawk, ''Buteo albonotatus'' * Red-tailed hawk, ''Buteo jamaicensis''

Barn-owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily: Tytonidae Barn owl, Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons. * Barn owl, ''Tyto alba''

Owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily: Strigidae The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk. * Bare-shanked screech-owl, ''Megascops clarkii'' * Tropical screech-owl, ''Megascops choliba'' * Pacific screech-owl, ''Megascops cooperi'' * Middle-American screech-owl, ''Megascops guatemalae'' * Choco screech-owl, ''Megascops centralis'' * Crested owl, ''Lophostrix cristata'' * Spectacled owl, ''Pulsatrix perspicillata'' * Great horned owl, ''Bubo virginianus'' * Costa Rican pygmy-owl, ''Glaucidium costaricanum'' (E-R) * Central American pygmy-owl, ''Glaucidium griseiceps'' * Ferruginous pygmy-owl, ''Glaucidium brasilianum'' * Burrowing owl, ''Athene cunicularia'' (A) * Mottled owl, ''Strix virgata'' * Black-and-white owl, ''Strix nigrolineata'' * Short-eared owl, ''Asio flammeus'' (A) * Striped owl, ''Asio clamator'' * Unspotted saw-whet owl, ''Aegolius ridgwayi''

Trogons

Order: TrogoniformesFamily: Trogonidae The family Trogonidae includes trogons and quetzals. Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colorful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage. * Lattice-tailed trogon, ''Trogon clathratus'' (E-R) * Slaty-tailed trogon, ''Trogon massena'' * Black-headed trogon, ''Trogon melanocephalus'' * Baird's trogon, ''Trogon bairdii'' (E-R) * Gartered trogon, ''Trogon caligatus'' * Northern black-throated trogon, ''Trogon tenellus'' * Elegant trogon, ''Trogon elegans'' * Collared trogon, ''Trogon collaris'' * Resplendent quetzal, ''Pharomachrus mocinno''

Motmots

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Momotidae The motmots have colorful plumage and long, graduated tails which they display by waggling back and forth. In most of the species, the barbs near the ends of the two longest (central) tail feathers are weak and fall off, leaving a length of bare shaft and creating a racket-shaped tail. * Tody motmot, ''Hylomanes momotula'' * Lesson's motmot, ''Momotus lessonii'' * Rufous motmot, ''Baryphthengus martii'' * Keel-billed motmot, ''Electron carinatum'' (vulnerable) * Broad-billed motmot, ''Electron platyrhynchum'' * Turquoise-browed motmot, ''Eumomota superciliosa''

Kingfishers

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Alcedinidae Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails. * Ringed kingfisher, ''Megaceryle torquatus'' * Belted kingfisher, ''Megaceryle alcyon'' * Amazon kingfisher, ''Chloroceryle amazona'' * American pygmy kingfisher, ''Chloroceryle aenea'' * Green kingfisher, ''Chloroceryle americana'' * Green-and-rufous kingfisher, ''Chloroceryle inda''

Puffbirds

Order: PiciformesFamily: Bucconidae The puffbirds are related to the jacamars and have the same range, but lack the iridescent colors of that family. They are mainly brown, rufous, or gray, with large heads and flattened bills with hooked tips. The loose abundant plumage and short tails makes them look stout and puffy, giving rise to the English common name of the family. * White-necked puffbird, ''Notharchus hyperrhynchus'' * Pied puffbird, ''Notharchus tectus'' * White-whiskered puffbird, ''Malacoptila panamensis'' * Lanceolated monklet, ''Micromonacha lanceolata'' * White-fronted nunbird, ''Monasa morphoeus''

Jacamars

Order: PiciformesFamily: Galbulidae The jacamars are near passerine birds from tropical South America, with a range that extends up to Mexico. They feed on insects caught on the wing, and are glossy, elegant birds with long bills and tails. In appearance and behavior they resemble the Old World bee-eaters, although they are more closely related to puffbirds. * Rufous-tailed jacamar, ''Galbula ruficauda'' * Great jacamar, ''Jacamerops aureus''

New World barbets

Order: PiciformesFamily: Capitonidae The barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly colored. * Red-headed barbet, ''Eubucco bourcierii''

Toucan-barbets

Order: PiciformesFamily: Semnornithidae The toucan-barbets are birds of montane forests in the Neotropics. They are highly social and non-migratory. * Prong-billed barbet, ''Semnornis frantzii'' (E-R)

Toucans

Order: PiciformesFamily: Ramphastidae Toucans are near passerine birds from the Neotropics. They are brightly marked and have enormous, colorful bills which in some species amount to half their body length. * Northern emerald-toucanet, ''Aulacorhynchus prasinus'' * Collared aracari, ''Pteroglossus torquatus'' * Fiery-billed aracari, ''Pteroglossus frantzii'' (E-R) * Yellow-eared toucanet, ''Selenidera spectabilis'' * Keel-billed toucan, ''Ramphastos sulfuratus'' * Yellow-throated toucan, ''Ramphastos ambiguus''

Woodpeckers

Order: PiciformesFamily: Picidae Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks. * Olivaceous piculet, ''Picumnus olivaceus'' * Acorn woodpecker, ''Melanerpes formicivorus'' * Golden-naped woodpecker, ''Melanerpes chrysauchen'' (E-R) * Black-cheeked woodpecker, ''Melanerpes pucherani'' * Red-crowned woodpecker, ''Melanerpes rubricapillus'' * Hoffmann's woodpecker, ''Melanerpes hoffmannii'' * Yellow-bellied sapsucker, ''Sphyrapicus varius'' * Smoky-brown woodpecker, ''Drobates fumigatus'' * Hairy woodpecker, ''Picoides villosus'' * Red-rumped woodpecker, ''Veniliornis kirkii'' * Rufous-winged woodpecker, ''Piculus simplex'' (E-R) * Golden-olive woodpecker, ''Colaptes rubiginosus'' * Cinnamon woodpecker, ''Celeus loricatus'' * Chestnut-colored woodpecker, ''Celeus castaneus'' * Lineated woodpecker, ''Dryocopus lineatus'' * Pale-billed woodpecker, ''Campephilus guatemalensis''

Falcons and caracaras

Order: FalconiformesFamily: Falconidae Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons. * Laughing falcon, ''Herpetotheres cachinnans'' * Barred forest-falcon, ''Micrastur ruficollis'' * Slaty-backed forest-falcon, ''Micrastur mirandollei'' * Collared forest-falcon, ''Micrastur semitorquatus'' * Red-throated caracara, ''Ibycter americanus'' * Crested caracara, ''Caracara plancus'' * Yellow-headed caracara, ''Milvago chimachima'' * American kestrel, ''Falco sparverius'' * Merlin (bird), Merlin, ''Falco columbarius'' * Aplomado falcon, ''Falco femoralis'' * Bat falcon, ''Falco rufigularis'' * Orange-breasted falcon, ''Falco deiroleucus'' (R?) * Peregrine falcon, ''Falco peregrinus''

New World and African parrots

Order: PsittaciformesFamily: Psittacidae Parrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and they have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two to the back. * Sulphur-winged parakeet, ''Pyrrhura hoffmanni'' (E-R) * Olive-throated parakeet, ''Eupsittula nana'' * Eupsittula canicularis, Orange-fronted parakeet, ''Eupsittula canicularis'' * Brown-throated parakeet, ''Eupsittula pertinax'' * Scarlet macaw, ''Ara macao'' * Great green macaw, ''Ara ambigua'' (endangered) * Crimson-fronted parakeet, ''Psittacara finschi'' * Barred parakeet, ''Bolborhynchus lineola'' * Orange-chinned parakeet, ''Brotogeris jugularis'' * Red-fronted parrotlet, ''Touit costaricensis'' (E-R) (vulnerable) * Brown-hooded parrot, ''Pyrilia haematotis'' * Blue-headed parrot, ''Pionus menstruus'' * White-crowned parrot, ''Pionus senilis'' * White-fronted parrot, ''Amazona albifrons'' * Red-lored parrot, ''Amazona autumnalis'' * Mealy parrot, ''Amazona farinosa'' * Yellow-naped parrot, ''Amazona auropalliata'' (endangered) * Yellow-crowned Parrot, ''Amazona ochrocephala'' (A)

Manakins

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Pipridae The manakins are a family of subtropical and tropical mainland Central and South America, and Trinidad and Tobago. They are compact forest birds, the males typically being brightly colored, although the females of most species are duller and usually green-plumaged. Manakins feed on small fruits, berries, and insects. * Lance-tailed manakin, ''Chiroxiphia lanceolata'' * Long-tailed manakin, ''Chiroxiphia linearis'' * White-ruffed manakin, ''Corapipo altera'' * White-bibbed manakin, ''Corapipo leucorrhoa'' (A) * Velvety manakin, Blue-crowned manakin, ''Lepidothrix coronata'' * White-collared manakin, ''Manacus candei'' * Orange-collared manakin, ''Manacus aurantiacus'' (E-R) * White-crowned manakin, ''pseudopipra pipra'' * Red-capped manakin, ''Ceratopipra mentalis''

Cotingas

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cotingidae The cotingas are birds of forests or forest edges in tropical South America. Comparatively little is known about this diverse group, although all have broad bills with hooked tips, rounded wings, and strong legs. The males of many of the species are brightly colored or decorated with plumes or wattles. * Purple-throated fruitcrow, ''Querula purpurata'' * Bare-necked umbrellabird, ''Cephalopterus glabricollis'' (E-R) (endangered) * Lovely cotinga, ''Cotinga amabilis'' * Turquoise cotinga, ''Cotinga ridgwayi'' (E-R) (vulnerable) * Rufous piha, ''Lipaugus unirufus'' * Three-wattled bellbird, ''Procnias tricarunculata'' (vulnerable) * Yellow-billed cotinga, ''Carpodectes antoniae'' (E-R) (endangered) * Snowy cotinga, ''Carpodectes nitidus''

Tityras and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Tityridae Tityridae are suboscine passerine birds found in forest and woodland in the Neotropics. The species in this family were formerly spread over the families Tyrannidae, Pipridae, and Cotingidae. They are small to medium-sized birds. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, have plain coloring. * Northern schiffornis, ''Schiffornis veraepacis'' * Speckled mourner, ''Laniocera rufescens'' * Masked tityra, ''Tityra semifasciata'' * Black-crowned tityra, ''Tityra inquisitor'' * Barred becard, ''Pachyramphus versicolor'' * Cinnamon becard, ''Pachyramphus cinnamomeus'' * White-winged becard, ''Pachyramphus polychopterus'' * Black-and-white becard, ''Pachyramphus albogriseus'' * Rose-throated becard, ''Pachyramphus aglaiae''

Royal flycatcher and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Onychorhynchidae The members of this small family, created in 2018, were formerly considered to be tyrant flycatchers, family Tyrannidae. * Sharpbill, ''Oxyruncus cristatus'' * Royal flycatcher, ''Onychorhynchus coronatus'' * Ruddy-tailed flycatcher, ''Terenotriccus erythrurus'' * Sulphur-rumped flycatcher, ''Myiobius sulphureipygius'' * Black-tailed flycatcher, ''Myiobius atricaudus''

Tyrant flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Tyrannidae Tyrant flycatchers are passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, have plain coloring. As the name implies, most are insectivorous. * Gray-headed piprites, ''Piprites griseiceps'' * Stub-tailed spadebill, ''Platyrinchus cancrominus'' * White-throated spadebill, ''Platyrinchus mystaceus'' * Golden-crowned spadebill, ''Platyrinchus coronatus'' * Olive-striped flycatcher, ''Mionectes olivaceus'' * Ochre-bellied flycatcher, ''Mionectes oleagineus'' * Sepia-capped flycatcher, ''Leptopogon amaurocephalus'' * Slaty-capped flycatcher, ''Leptopogon superciliaris'' * Rufous-browed tyrannulet, ''Phylloscartes superciliaris'' * Black-capped pygmy-tyrant, ''Myiornis atricapillus'' * Scale-crested pygmy-tyrant, ''Lophotriccus pileatus'' * Northern bentbill, ''Oncostoma cinereigulare'' * Slate-headed tody-flycatcher, ''Poecilotriccus sylvia'' * Common tody-flycatcher, ''Todirostrum cinereum'' * Black-headed tody-flycatcher, ''Todirostrum nigriceps'' * Eye-ringed flatbill, ''Rhynchocyclus brevirostris'' * Yellow-olive flycatcher, ''Tolmomyias sulphurescens'' * Yellow-margined flycatcher, ''Tolmomyias assimilis'' * Yellow-bellied tyrannulet, ''Ornithion semiflavum'' * Brown-capped tyrannulet, ''Ornithion brunneicapillus'' * Northern beardless-tyrannulet, ''Camptostoma imberbe'' * Southern beardless-tyrannulet, ''Camptostoma obsoletum'' * Cocos flycatcher, ''Nesotriccus ridgwayi'' (E) (vulnerable) * Mouse-colored tyrannulet, ''Nesotriccus murinus'' * Yellow tyrannulet, ''Capsiempis flaveola'' * Yellow-crowned tyrannulet, ''Tyrannulus elatus'' * Greenish elaenia, ''Myiopagis viridicata'' * Yellow-bellied elaenia, ''Elaenia flavogaster'' * Lesser elaenia, ''Elaenia chiriquensis'' * Mountain elaenia, ''Elaenia frantzii'' * Torrent tyrannulet, ''Serpophaga cinerea'' * White-fronted tyrannulet, Rough-legged tyrannulet, ''Phyllomyias burmeisteri'' * Mistletoe tyrannulet, ''Zimmerius parvus'' * Bright-rumped attila, ''Attila spadiceus'' * Rufous mourner, ''Rhytipterna holerythra'' * Dusky-capped flycatcher, ''Myiarchus tuberculifer'' * Panama flycatcher, ''Myiarchus panamensis'' * Ash-throated flycatcher, ''Myiarchus cinerascens'' (A) * Nutting's flycatcher, ''Myiarchus nuttingi'' * Great crested flycatcher, ''Myiarchus crinitus'' * Brown-crested flycatcher, ''Myiarchus tyrannulus'' * Lesser kiskadee, ''Philohydor lictor'' (A) * Great kiskadee, ''Pitangus sulphuratus'' * Boat-billed flycatcher, ''Megarynchus pitangua'' * Rusty-margined flycatcher, ''Myiozetetes cayanensis'' * Social flycatcher, ''Myiozetetes similis'' * Gray-capped flycatcher, ''Myiozetetes granadensis'' * White-ringed flycatcher, ''Conopias albovittatus'' * Golden-bellied flycatcher, ''Myiodynastes hemichrysus'' (E-R) * Golden-crowned flycatcher, ''Myiodynastes chrysocephalus'' (A) * Streaked flycatcher, ''Myiodynastes maculatus'' * Sulphur-bellied flycatcher, ''Myiodynastes luteiventris'' * Piratic flycatcher, ''Legatus leucophaius'' * Tropical kingbird, ''Tyrannus melancholicus'' * Couch's kingbird, ''Tyrannus couchii'' (A) * Western kingbird, ''Tyrannus verticalis'' * Eastern kingbird, ''Tyrannus tyrannus'' * Gray kingbird, ''Tyrannus dominicensis'' * Scissor-tailed flycatcher, ''Tyrannus forficatus'' * Fork-tailed flycatcher, ''Tyrannus savana'' * Bran-colored flycatcher, ''Myiophobus fasciatus'' * Tawny-chested flycatcher, ''Aphanotriccus capitalis'' (vulnerable) * Tufted flycatcher, ''Mitrephanes phaeocercus'' * Olive-sided flycatcher, ''Contopus cooperi'' * Dark pewee, ''Contopus lugubris'' (E-R) * Ochraceous pewee, ''Contopus ochraceus'' (E-R) * Western wood-pewee, ''Contopus sordidulus'' (R?) * Eastern wood-pewee, ''Contopus virens'' * Tropical pewee, ''Contopus cinereus'' * Yellow-bellied flycatcher, ''Empidonax flaviventris'' * Acadian flycatcher, ''Empidonax virescens'' * Alder flycatcher, ''Empidonax alnorum'' * Willow flycatcher, ''Empidonax traillii'' * White-throated flycatcher, ''Empidonax albigularis'' * Least flycatcher, ''Empidonax minimus'' * Yellowish flycatcher, ''Empidonax flavescens'' * Black-capped flycatcher, ''Empidonax atriceps'' (E-R) * Black phoebe, ''Sayornis nigricans'' * Eastern phoebe, ''Sayornis phoebe'' (A) * Vermilion flycatcher, ''Pyrocephalus rubinus'' (A) * Northern scrub-flycatcher, ''Sublegatus arenarum'' * Long-tailed tyrant, ''Colonia colonus''

Gnateaters

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Conopophagidae The members of this small family are found across northern South America and into Central America. They are forest birds, usually seen on the ground or in the low understory. * Black-crowned antpitta, ''Pittasoma michleri''

Typical antbirds

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Thamnophilidae The antbirds are a large family of small passerine birds of subtropical and tropical Central and South America. They are forest birds which tend to feed on insects at or near the ground. A sizable minority of them specialize in following columns of army ants to eat small invertebrates that leave their hiding places to flee from the ants. Many species lack bright color, with brown, black, and white being the dominant tones. * Fasciated antshrike, ''Cymbilaimus lineatus'' * Great antshrike, ''Taraba major'' * Barred antshrike, ''Thamnophilus doliatus'' * Black-hooded antshrike, ''Thamnophilus bridgesi'' (E-R) * Black-crowned antshrike, ''Thamnophilus atrinucha'' * Russet antshrike, ''Thamnistes anabatinus'' * Plain antvireo, ''Dysithamnus mentalis'' * Streak-crowned antvireo, ''Dysithamnus striaticeps'' * Spot-crowned antvireo, ''Dysithamnus puncticeps'' * White-flanked antwren, ''Myrmotherula axillaris'' * Slaty antwren, ''Myrmotherula schisticolor'' * Checker-throated stipplethroat, ''Epinecrophylla fulviventris'' * Dot-winged antwren, ''Microrhopias quixensis'' * Rufous-rumped antwren, ''Euchrepomis callinota'' * Dusky antbird, ''Cercomacroides tyrannina'' * Bare-crowned antbird, ''Gymnocichla nudiceps'' * Zeledon's antbird, ''Hafferia zeledoni'' * Chestnut-backed antbird, ''Poliocrania exsul'' * Dull-mantled antbird, ''Sipia laemosticta'' * Spotted antbird, ''Hylophylax naevioides'' * Bicolored antbird, ''Gymnopithys bicolor'' * Ocellated antbird, ''Phaenostictus mcleannani''

Antpittas

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Grallariidae Antpittas resemble the true pitta (bird), pittas with strong, longish legs, very short tails, and stout bills. * Scaled antpitta, ''Grallaria guatimalensis'' * Streak-chested antpitta, ''Hylopezus perspicillatus'' * Thicket antpitta, ''Hylopezus dives'' * Ochre-breasted antpitta, ''Grallaricula flavirostris''

Tapaculos

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Rhinocryptidae The tapaculos are small suboscine passeriform birds with numerous species in South and Central America. They are terrestrial species that fly only poorly on their short wings. They have strong legs, well-suited to their habitat of grassland or forest undergrowth. The tail is cocked and pointed towards the head. * Silvery-fronted tapaculo, ''Scytalopus argentifrons'' (E-R)

Antthrushes

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Formicariidae Antthrushes resemble small rails with strong, longish legs, very short tails, and stout bills. * Black-faced antthrush, ''Formicarius analis'' * Black-headed antthrush, ''Formicarius nigricapillus'' * Rufous-breasted antthrush, ''Formicarius rufipectus''

Ovenbirds and woodcreepers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Furnariidae Ovenbirds comprise a large family of small sub-oscine passerine bird species found in Central and South America. They are a diverse group of insectivores which gets its name from the elaborate "oven-like" clay nests built by some species, although others build stick nests or nest in tunnels or clefts in rock. The woodcreepers are brownish birds which maintain an upright vertical posture supported by their stiff tail vanes. They feed mainly on insects taken from tree trunks. * Middle American leaftosser, ''Sclerurus mexicanus'' * Gray-throated leaftosser, ''Sclerurus albigularis'' * Scaly-throated leaftosser, ''Sclerurus guatemalensis'' * Olivaceous woodcreeper, ''Sittasomus griseicapillus'' * Long-tailed woodcreeper, ''Deconychura longicauda'' * Ruddy woodcreeper, ''Dendrocincla homochroa'' * Tawny-winged woodcreeper, ''Dendrocincla anabatina'' * Plain-brown woodcreeper, ''Dendrocincla fuliginosa'' * Wedge-billed woodcreeper, ''Glyphorynchus spirurus'' * Northern barred-woodcreeper, ''Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae'' * Black-banded woodcreeper, ''Dendrocolaptes picumnus'' * Strong-billed woodcreeper, ''Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus'' * Cocoa woodcreeper, ''Xiphorhynchus susurrans'' * Ivory-billed woodcreeper, ''Xiphorhynchus flavigaster'' * Black-striped woodcreeper, ''Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus'' * Spotted woodcreeper, ''Xiphorhynchus erythropygius'' * Brown-billed scythebill, ''Campylorhamphus pusillus '' * Streak-headed woodcreeper, ''Lepidocolaptes souleyetii'' * Spot-crowned woodcreeper, ''Lepidocolaptes affinis'' * Plain xenops, ''Xenops minutus'' * Streaked xenops, ''Xenops rutilans'' * Buffy tuftedcheek, ''Pseudocolaptes lawrencii'' * Buff-fronted foliage-gleaner, ''Dendroma rufa'' * Scaly-throated foliage-gleaner, ''Anabacerthia variegaticeps'' * Lineated foliage-gleaner, ''Syndactyla subalaris'' * Ruddy foliage-gleaner, ''Clibanornis rubiginosus'' * Streak-breasted treehunter, ''Thripadectes rufobrunneus'' (E-R) * Buff-throated foliage-gleaner, ''Automolus ochrolaemus'' * Chiriqui foliage-gleaner, ''Automolus exsertus'' (E-R) * Striped woodhaunter, ''Automolus subulatus'' * Spotted barbtail, ''Premnoplex brunnescens'' * Ruddy treerunner, ''Margarornis rubiginosus'' (E-R) * Red-faced spinetail, ''Cranioleuca erythrops'' * Pale-breasted spinetail, ''Synallaxis albescens'' * Slaty spinetail, ''Synallaxis brachyura''

Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Vireonidae The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are typically greenish in color and resemble New World warbler, wood warblers apart from their heavier bills. * Rufous-browed peppershrike, ''Cyclarhis gujanensis'' * Scrub greenlet, ''Hylophilus flavipes'' * Green shrike-vireo, ''Vireolanius pulchellus'' * Tawny-crowned greenlet, ''Tunchiornis ochraceiceps'' * Lesser greenlet, ''Pachysylvia decurtata'' * White-eyed vireo, ''Vireo griseus'' * Mangrove vireo, ''Vireo pallens'' * Yellow-throated vireo, ''Vireo flavifrons'' * Yellow-winged vireo, ''Vireo carmioli'' (E-R) * Blue-headed vireo, ''Vireo solitarius'' * Philadelphia vireo, ''Vireo philadelphicus'' * Warbling vireo, ''Vireo gilvus'' * Brown-capped vireo, ''Vireo leucophrys'' * Red-eyed vireo, ''Vireo olivaceus'' * Yellow-green vireo, ''Vireo flavoviridis'' * Black-whiskered vireo, ''Vireo altiloquus''

Crows, jays, and magpies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Corvidae The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcracker (bird), nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence. * Silvery-throated jay, ''Cyanolyca argentigula'' (E-R) * Azure-hooded jay, ''Cyanolyca cucullata'' * White-throated magpie-jay, ''Calocitta formosa'' * Brown jay, ''Psilorhinus morio'' * Black-chested jay, ''Cyanocorax affinis''

Swallows

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hirundinidae The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base. * Bank swallow, ''Riparia riparia'' * Tree swallow, ''Tachycineta bicolor'' * Violet-green swallow, ''Tachycineta thalassina'' * Mangrove swallow, ''Tachycineta albilinea'' * Blue-and-white swallow, ''Pygochelidon cyanoleuca'' * Northern rough-winged swallow, ''Stelgidopteryx serripennis'' * Southern rough-winged swallow, ''Stelgidopteryx ruficollis'' * Brown-chested martin, ''Progne tapera'' * Purple martin, ''Progne subis'' * Sinaloa martin, ''Progne sinaloae'' (A) * Gray-breasted martin, ''Progne chalybea'' * Southern martin, ''Progne elegans'' (A) * Barn swallow, ''Hirundo rustica'' * American cliff swallow, Cliff swallow, ''Petrochelidon pyrrhonota'' * Cave swallow, ''Petrochelidon fulva'' (A)

Waxwings

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Bombycillidae The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter. * Cedar waxwing, ''Bombycilla cedrorum''

Silky-flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Ptiliogonatidae The silky-flycatchers are a small family of passerine birds which occur mainly in Central America, although the range of one species extends to central California. They are related to waxwings and like that group have soft silky plumage, usually gray or pale yellow. They have small crests. * Black-and-yellow silky-flycatcher, ''Phainoptila melanoxantha'' (E-R) * Long-tailed silky-flycatcher, ''Ptiliogonys caudatus'' (E-R)

Gnatcatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Polioptilidae These dainty birds resemble Old World warblers in their build and habits, moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers and gnatwrens are mainly soft bluish gray in color and have the typical insectivore's long sharp bill. They are birds of fairly open woodland or scrub, which nest in bushes or trees. * Long-billed gnatwren, ''Ramphocaenus melanurus'' * Tawny-faced gnatwren, ''Microbates cinereiventris'' * White-browed gnatcatcher, ''Polioptila bilineata'' * White-lored gnatcatcher, ''Polioptila albiloris''

Wrens

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Troglodytidae The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous. * Rock wren, ''Salpinctes obsoletus'' * Northern nightingale-wren, Nightingale wren, ''Microcerculus philomela'' * Scaly-breasted wren, ''Microcerculus marginatus'' * House wren, ''Troglodytes aedon'' * Ochraceous wren, ''Troglodytes ochraceus'' (E-R) * Timberline wren, ''Thryorchilus browni'' (E-R) * Grass wren, ''Cistothorus platensis'' * Band-backed wren, ''Campylorhynchus zonatus'' * Rufous-naped wren, ''Campylorhynchus rufinucha'' * Black-throated wren, ''Pheugopedius atrogularis'' * Rufous-breasted wren, ''Pheugopedius rutilus'' * Spot-breasted wren, ''Pheugopedius maculipectus'' * Black-bellied wren, ''Pheugopedius fasciatoventris'' * Rufous-and-white wren, ''Thryophilus rufalbus'' * Banded wren, ''Thryophilus pleurostictus'' * Stripe-breasted wren, ''Cantorchilus thoracicus'' * Cabanis's wren, ''Cantorchilus modestus'' * Canebrake wren, ''Cantorchilus zeledoni'' * Isthmian wren, ''Cantorchilus elutus'' (E-R) * Bay wren, ''Cantorchilus nigricapillus'' * Riverside wren, ''Cantorchilus semibadius'' (E-R) * White-breasted wood-wren, ''Henicorhina leucosticta'' * Gray-breasted wood-wren, ''Henicorhina leucophrys'' * Song wren, ''Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus''

Mockingbirds and thrashers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Mimidae The mimids are a family of passerine birds that includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalizations, especially their ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. Their coloring tends towards dull-grays and browns. * Gray catbird, ''Dumetella carolinensis'' * Tropical mockingbird, ''Mimus gilvus'' * Northern mockingbird, ''Mimus polyglottos'' (A)

Dippers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cinclidae Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements. * American dipper, ''Cinclus mexicanus''

Thrushes and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Turdidae The Thrush (bird), thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs. * Black-faced solitaire, ''Myadestes melanops'' (E-R) * Black-billed nightingale-thrush, ''Catharus gracilirostris'' (E-R) * Orange-billed nightingale-thrush, ''Catharus aurantiirostris'' * Slaty-backed nightingale-thrush, ''Catharus fuscater'' * Ruddy-capped nightingale-thrush, ''Catharus frantzii'' * Black-headed nightingale-thrush, ''Catharus mexicanus'' * Veery, ''Catharus fuscescens'' * Gray-cheeked thrush, ''Catharus minimus'' * Swainson's thrush, ''Catharus ustulatus'' * Wood thrush, ''Hylocichla mustelina'' * Sooty thrush, ''Turdus nigrescens'' (E-R) * Mountain thrush, ''Turdus plebejus'' * Pale-vented thrush, ''Turdus obsoletus'' * Clay-colored thrush, ''Turdus grayi'' * White-throated thrush, ''Turdus assimilis''

Waxbills and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Estrildidae The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colors and patterns. * Tricolored munia, ''Lonchura malacca'' (I)

Old World sparrows

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passeridae Old World sparrow, Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or gray birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects. * House sparrow, ''Passer domesticus'' (I)

Wagtails and pipits

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Motacillidae Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. They are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country. * American pipit, ''Anthus rubescens'' (A)

Finches, euphonias, and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Fringillidae Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well. * Elegant euphonia, ''Chlorophonia elegantissima'' * Golden-browed chlorophonia, ''Chlorophonia callophrys'' (E-R) * Scrub euphonia, ''Euphonia affinis'' * Yellow-crowned euphonia, ''Euphonia luteicapilla'' * White-vented euphonia, ''Euphonia minuta'' * Yellow-throated euphonia, ''Euphonia hirundinacea'' * Thick-billed euphonia, ''Euphonia laniirostris'' * Spot-crowned euphonia, ''Euphonia imitans'' (E-R) * Olive-backed euphonia, ''Euphonia gouldi'' * Tawny-capped euphonia, ''Euphonia anneae'' * Yellow-bellied siskin, ''Spinus xanthogastra'' * Lesser goldfinch, ''Spinus psaltria''

Thrush-tanager

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Rhodinocichlidae This species was historically placed in family Thraupidae. It was placed in its own family in 2017. * Rosy thrush-tanager, ''Rhodinocichla rosea''

New World sparrows

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passerellidae Until 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns. * Ashy-throated chlorospingus, ''Chlorospingus canigularis'' * Sooty-capped chlorospingus, ''Chlorospingus pileatus'' (E-R) * Common chlorospingus, ''Chlorospingus flavopectus'' * Stripe-headed sparrow, ''Peucaea ruficauda'' * Botteri's sparrow, ''Peucaea botterii'' * Grasshopper sparrow, ''Ammodramus savannarum'' * Olive sparrow, ''Arremonops rufivirgatus'' * Black-striped sparrow, ''Arremonops conirostris'' * Lark sparrow, ''Chondestes grammacus'' * Chipping sparrow, ''Spizella passerina'' (A) * Clay-colored sparrow, ''Spizella pallida'' (A) * Costa Rican brushfinch, ''Arremon costaricensis'' (E-R) * Orange-billed sparrow, ''Arremon aurantiirostris'' * Chestnut-capped brushfinch, ''Arremon brunneinucha'' * Sooty-faced finch, ''Arremon crassirostris'' (E-R) * Volcano junco, ''Junco vulcani'' (E-R) * Rufous-collared sparrow, ''Zonotrichia capensis'' * White-crowned sparrow, ''Zonotrichia leucophrys'' (A) * Savannah sparrow, ''Passerculus sandwichensis'' (A) * Lincoln's sparrow, ''Melospiza lincolnii'' * Large-footed finch, ''Pezopetes capitalis'' (E-R) * White-eared ground-sparrow, ''Melozone leucotis'' * Cabanis's ground-sparrow, ''Melozone cabanisi'' (E) * Rusty sparrow, ''Aimophila rufescens'' * White-naped brushfinch, ''Atlapetes albinucha'' * Yellow-thighed brushfinch, ''Atlapetes tibialis'' (E-R)

Wrenthrush

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Zeledoniidae Despite its name, this species is neither a wren nor a thrush, and is not closely related to either family. It was moved from the New World warblers (Parulidae) and placed in its own family in 2017. * Wrenthrush, ''Zeledonia coronata'' (E-R)

Yellow-breasted chat

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Icteriidae This species was historically placed in the New World warblers but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017. * Yellow-breasted chat, ''Icteria virens''

Troupials and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Icteridae The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful, passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as the predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red. * Yellow-headed blackbird, ''Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus'' (A) * Bobolink, ''Dolichonyx oryzivorus'' * Eastern meadowlark, ''Sturnella magna'' * Red-breasted meadowlark, ''Leistes militaris'' * Yellow-billed cacique, ''Amblycercus holosericeus'' * Crested oropendola, ''Psarocolius decumanus'' * Chestnut-headed oropendola, ''Psarocolius wagleri'' * Montezuma oropendola, ''Psarocolius montezuma'' * Scarlet-rumped cacique, ''Cacicus uropygialis'' * Black-cowled oriole, ''Icterus prosthemelas'' * Orchard oriole, ''Icterus spurius'' * Yellow-backed oriole, ''Icterus chrysater'' (A) * Yellow-tailed oriole, ''Icterus mesomelas'' * Streak-backed oriole, ''Icterus pustulatus'' * Bullock's oriole, ''Icterus bullockii'' (A) * Spot-breasted oriole, ''Icterus pectoralis'' * Baltimore oriole, ''Icterus galbula'' * Red-winged blackbird, ''Agelaius phoeniceus'' * Shiny cowbird, ''Molothrus bonariensis'' * Bronzed cowbird, ''Molothrus aeneus'' * Giant cowbird, ''Molothrus oryzivorus'' * Melodious blackbird, ''Dives dives'' * Great-tailed grackle, ''Quiscalus mexicanus'' * Nicaraguan grackle, ''Quiscalus nicaraguensis''

New World warblers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Parulidae The New World warblers are a group of small, often colorful, passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores. * Ovenbird, ''Seiurus aurocapilla'' * Worm-eating warbler, ''Helmitheros vermivorum'' * Louisiana waterthrush, ''Parkesia motacilla'' * Northern waterthrush, ''Parkesia noveboracensis'' * Golden-winged warbler, ''Vermivora chrysoptera'' * Blue-winged warbler, ''Vermivora cyanoptera'' * Black-and-white warbler, ''Mniotilta varia'' * Prothonotary warbler, ''Protonotaria citrea'' * Flame-throated warbler, ''Leiothlypis gutturalis'' (E-R) * Tennessee warbler, ''Leiothlypis peregrina'' * Orange-crowned warbler, ''Leiothlypis celata'' * Nashville warbler, ''Leiothlypis ruficapilla'' * Connecticut warbler, ''Oporornis agilis'' (A) * Gray-crowned yellowthroat, ''Geothlypis poliocephala'' * MacGillivray's warbler, ''Geothlypis tolmiei'' * Mourning warbler, ''Geothlypis philadelphia'' * Kentucky warbler, ''Geothlypis formosa'' * Olive-crowned yellowthroat, ''Geothlypis semiflava'' * Common yellowthroat, ''Geothlypis trichas'' * Hooded warbler, ''Setophaga citrina'' * American redstart, ''Setophaga ruticilla'' * Cape May warbler, ''Setophaga tigrina'' * Cerulean warbler, ''Setophaga cerulea'' (vulnerable) * Northern parula, ''Setophaga americana'' * Tropical parula, ''Setophaga pitiayumi'' * Magnolia warbler, ''Setophaga magnolia '' * Bay-breasted warbler, ''Setophaga castanea'' * Blackburnian warbler, ''Setophaga fusca'' * Yellow warbler, ''Setophaga petechia'' * Chestnut-sided warbler, ''Setophaga pensylvanica'' * Blackpoll warbler, ''Setophaga striata'' * Black-throated blue warbler, ''Setophaga caerulescens'' * Palm warbler, ''Setophaga palmarum'' * Pine warbler, ''Setophaga pinus'' * Yellow-rumped warbler, ''Setophaga coronata'' * Yellow-throated warbler, ''Setophaga dominica'' * Prairie warbler, ''Setophaga discolor'' * Townsend's warbler, ''Setophaga townsendi'' * Hermit warbler, ''Setophaga occidentalis'' * Golden-cheeked warbler, ''Setophaga chrysoparia'' (endangered) * Black-throated green warbler, ''Setophaga virens'' * Buff-rumped warbler, ''Myiothlypis fulvicauda'' * Chestnut-capped warbler, ''Basileuterus delattrii'' * Black-cheeked warbler, ''Basileuterus melanogenys'' (E-R) * Golden-crowned warbler, ''Basileuterus culicivorus'' * Costa Rican warbler, ''Basileuterus melanotis'' (E-R) * Canada warbler, ''Cardellina canadensis'' * Wilson's warbler, ''Cardellina pusilla'' * Slate-throated redstart, ''Myioborus miniatus'' * Collared redstart, ''Myioborus torquatus'' (E-R)

Cardinals and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cardinalidae The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages. * Hepatic tanager, ''Piranga flava'' * Summer tanager, ''Piranga rubra'' * Scarlet tanager, ''Piranga olivacea'' * Western tanager, ''Piranga ludoviciana'' * Flame-colored tanager, ''Piranga bidentata'' * White-winged tanager, ''Piranga leucoptera'' * Red-crowned ant-tanager, ''Habia rubica'' * Red-throated ant-tanager, ''Habia fuscicauda'' * Black-cheeked ant-tanager, ''Habia atrimaxillaris'' (E) (endangered) * Carmiol's tanager, ''Chlorothraupis carmioli'' * Black-faced grosbeak, ''Caryothraustes poliogaster'' * Black-thighed grosbeak, ''Pheucticus tibialis'' (E-R) * Rose-breasted grosbeak, ''Pheucticus ludovicianus'' * Black-headed grosbeak, ''Pheucticus melanocephalus'' (A) * Blue seedeater, ''Amaurospiza concolor'' * Blue-black grosbeak, ''Cyanoloxia cyanoides'' * Blue bunting, ''Cyanocompsa parellina'' (A) * Blue grosbeak, ''Passerina caerulea'' * Indigo bunting, ''Passerina cyanea'' * Painted bunting, ''Passerina ciris'' * Dickcissel, ''Spiza americana''

Microspingid tanagers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Mitrospingidae The members of this small family were previously included in Thraupidae ("true" tanagers). They were placed in this new family in 2017. * Dusky-faced tanager, ''Mitrospingus cassinii''

Tanagers and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Thraupidae The tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly colored. As a family they are omnivorous, but individual species specialize in eating fruits, seeds, insects, or other types of food. Most have short, rounded wings. * Blue-and-gold tanager, ''Bangsia arcaei'' (E-R) * Speckled tanager, ''Ixothraupis guttata'' * Blue-gray tanager, ''Thraupis episcopus'' * Yellow-winged tanager, ''Thraupis abbas'' (R?) * Palm tanager, ''Thraupis palmarum'' * Golden-hooded tanager, ''Stilpnia larvata'' * Spangle-cheeked tanager, ''Tangara dowii'' (E-R) * Plain-colored tanager, ''Tangara inornata'' * Rufous-winged tanager, ''Tangara lavinia'' * Bay-headed tanager, ''Tangara gyrola'' * Flame-faced tanager, ''Tangara parzudakii'' (A) * Emerald tanager, ''Tangara florida'' * Silver-throated tanager, ''Tangara icterocephala'' * Swallow tanager, ''Tersina viridis'' (A) * Grassland yellow-finch, ''Sicalis luteola'' (A) * Slaty finch, ''Haplospiza rustica'' * Peg-billed finch, ''Acanthidops bairdi'' (E-R) * Slaty flowerpiercer, ''Diglossa plumbea'' (E-R) * Green honeycreeper, ''Chlorophanes spiza'' * Black-and-yellow tanager, ''Chrysothlypis chrysomelas'' (E-R) * Sulphur-rumped tanager, ''Heterospingus rubrifrons'' (E-R) * Blue-black grassquit, ''Volatinia jacarina'' * Gray-headed tanager, ''Eucometis penicillata'' * White-shouldered tanager, ''Loriotus luctuosus'' * Tawny-crested tanager, ''Tachyphonus delattrii'' * White-lined tanager, ''Tachyphonus rufus'' * White-throated shrike-tanager, ''Lanio leucothorax'' * Crimson-collared tanager, ''Ramphocelus sanguinolentus'' * Flame-rumped tanager, ''Ramphocelus flammigerus'' (A) * Scarlet-rumped tanager, ''Ramphocelus passerinii'' * Crimson-backed tanager, ''Ramphocelus dimidiatus'' (A) * Shining honeycreeper, ''Cyanerpes lucidus'' * Red-legged honeycreeper, ''Cyanerpes cyaneus'' * Scarlet-thighed dacnis, ''Dacnis venusta'' * Blue dacnis, ''Dacnis cayana'' * Bananaquit, ''Coereba flaveola'' * Yellow-faced grassquit, ''Tiaris olivaceus'' * Cocos finch, ''Pinaroloxias inornata'' (E) (vulnerable) * Lesson's seedeater, ''Sporophila bouvronides'' (A) * Lined seedeater, ''Sporophila lineola'' (A) * Thick-billed seed-finch, ''Sporophila funerea'' * Nicaraguan seed-finch, ''Sporophila nuttingi'' * Variable seedeater, ''Sporophila corvina'' * Slate-colored seedeater, ''Sporophila schistacea'' * Morelet's seedeater, ''Sporophila morelleti'' * Yellow-bellied seedeater, ''Sporophila nigricollis'' * Ruddy-breasted seedeater, ''Sporophila minuta'' * Wedge-tailed grass-finch, ''Emberizoides herbicola'' * Black-headed saltator, ''Saltator atriceps'' * Olive-gray saltator, ''Saltator olivascens'' * Buff-throated saltator, ''Saltator maximus'' * Slate-colored grosbeak, ''Saltator grossus'' * Cinnamon-bellied saltator, ''Saltator grandis'' * Blue-gray saltator, ''Saltator coerulescens'' * Streaked saltator, ''Saltator striatipectus'' Image:Thraupis-episcopus-001.jpg, Blue-gray tanager Image:Ramphocelus sanguinolentus.jpg, Crimson-collared tanager Image:Dacnis cayana.jpg, Blue dacnis Image:Bananaquits.jpg, Bananaquit Image:Chlorophanes spiza - male on feeder.jpg, Green honeycreeper Image:Sporophila-corvina-002.jpg, Variable seedeater Image:Slaty Flowerpiercer.jpg, Slaty flowerpiercer

References

External links

Birdlist.org: Birds of Costa Rica
- World Institute for Conservation and Environment * https://listaoficialavesdecostarica.wordpress.com/ {{North American birds Birds of Costa Rica, ' Lists of biota of Costa Rica, birds Lists of birds of North America, Costa Rica Lists of birds by country, Costa Rica