List Of Ancient Peoples Of Anatolia on:
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This is a list of peoples who inhabited Anatolia in
* Cappadocians? / Leucosyri? ( Cappadocians and Leucosyri were the same people; Cappadocians was the Persian name and Leukosyroi the Greek name, Leucosyri is the Latin name based on Greek) (
* Paphlagonians?
** Caucones? / Kaukauni?
** Heneti?
** Mariandyni?
Possible Anatolian (Indo-European) peoples
* Mysians? (possibly they were more related to the
* Tectosages
* Tolistobogii / Tolistobogioi
* Trocmi / Trokmoi
*
*Central-Eastern Greeks
**Central Greeks
*** Aeolians
**Eastern Greeks
*** Achaeans (possible inhabitants of a land called Ahhiyawa by the Hittites)
*** Ionians
*Western Greeks
** Dorians
* Mysians (possibly they were more related to the
* Hayasans ( Proto-Armenians?)
* Azzians ( Proto-Armenians?)
* Mushki
** Western Mushki (synonymous of the
* Urumu (Proto-Armenians?), allied with Mushki and Kaskians, possibly Arimi of Greek sources and Arme/Urme/Armini of Urartian sources
* Tibareni (several Classical Antiquity authors such as Herodotus, Xenophon and
*Mentioned by Assyrians as one of the Nairi tribes inhabiting the Palu or Mush regions, later mentioned by Urartians in the vicinity of Kars Province, probably the Taochoi of Greek sources
* Moschi- Mossynoeci
** Moschi (possible Mushki, Kartvelian?, origin, and named Meskhetians, the inhabitants of Meskheti in far southwestern Georgia -
* Tibareni (several Classical Antiquity authors such as Herodotus, Xenophon and
The Hattians occupied the land of Hatti in central Anatolia and are documented at least as early as the empire of
This is a list of peoples who inhabited Anatolia in antiquity
Antiquity or Antiquities may refer to:
Historical objects or periods Artifacts
*Antiquities, objects or artifacts surviving from ancient cultures
Eras
Any period before the European Middle Ages (5th to 15th centuries) but still within the histo ...
. The essential purpose of the list is to identify prehistoric cultures in the region but many of the peoples continued to inhabit Anatolia into and through classical and late antiquity, so the actual scope of the list encompasses the history of Anatolia from prehistory to the Eastern Roman Empire (4th to 7th centuries AD), during which transition to the early medieval occurred.
Anatolia was inhabited by numerous races and its history is characterised by folk movement and migration. Broadly, the peoples can be split linguistically
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure. Linguis ...
between those who spoke a proto-Indo-European language, such as proto-Anatolian
Proto-Anatolian is the proto-language from which the ancient Anatolian languages emerged (i.e. Hittite and its closest relatives). As with almost all other proto-languages, no attested writings have been found; the language has been reconstruc ...
or proto-Greek, and those who spoke a language outside of the Indo-European family such as Kartvelian Kartvelian may refer to:
* Anything coming from or related to Georgia (country)
* Kartvelian languages
* Kartvelian alphabet, see Georgian alphabet
* Kartvelian studies
* Georgians
{{disambig
Language and nationality disambiguation pages ...
or Kaskian. The Indo-Europeans are further sub-divided into those who may be termed Anatolian natives and those whose origins were elsewhere. Native Anatolians included the Hittites, Luwians
The Luwians were a group of Anatolian peoples who lived in central, western, and southern Anatolia, in present-day Turkey, during the Bronze Age and the Iron Age. They spoke the Luwian language, an Indo-European language of the Anatolian sub-fam ...
and the Lydians; incoming races included the Armenians, Greeks, Phrygians
The Phrygians (Greek: Φρύγες, ''Phruges'' or ''Phryges'') were an ancient Indo-European speaking people, who inhabited central-western Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) in antiquity. They were related to the Greeks.
Ancient Greek authors used ...
and Thracians.
Indo-European peoples
The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent. Some European languages of this family, English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Dutch ...
Anatolian peoples
The Anatolians were Indo-European-speaking peoples of the Anatolian Peninsula in present-day Turkey, identified by their use of the Anatolian languages. These peoples were among the oldest Indo-European ethnolinguistic groups and one of the most ...
( Anatolian Indo-European)Cappadocian
Cappadocian Greeks also known as Greek Cappadocians ( el, Έλληνες-Καππαδόκες, Ελληνοκαππαδόκες, Καππαδόκες; tr, Kapadokyalı Rumlar) or simply Cappadocians are an ethnic Greek community native to the ...
s also inhabited the West Pontus that originally was part of Cappadocia)
** Amiseni? (inhabited Themiscyra district in West Pontus)
** Kases? / Cases?
*Cataonia
Cataonia ( grc, Kαταoνία) was one of the divisions of ancient Cappadocia.
It is described by Strabo, who had visited it, as a level plain surrounded by mountains: on the south by the Amanus, and on the west by the Antitaurus, which bran ...
ns?
Luwians
The Luwians were a group of Anatolian peoples who lived in central, western, and southern Anatolia, in present-day Turkey, during the Bronze Age and the Iron Age. They spoke the Luwian language, an Indo-European language of the Anatolian sub-fam ...
* Carians
* Cilicians
* Commagenians?
* Isaurians
* Leleges?
* Lycaonians
* Lycians
* Philistines? - notably inhabited Palestine
__NOTOC__
Palestine may refer to:
* State of Palestine, a state in Western Asia
* Palestine (region), a geographic region in Western Asia
* Palestinian territories, territories occupied by Israel since 1967, namely the West Bank (including East ...
; their inclusion here is tenuous as they may have had an Anatolian origin
* Pisidians / Pamphylians ( Pamphylians, on the coast, and Pisidians, in the inland, were the same people and spoke the same language, the difference was that Anatolian Pamphylians were more Greek influenced since Iron Age) (there was an Anatolian Pamphylian dialect, part of the Pisidian language, and a Pamphylian Greek dialect, part of Ancient Greek, depending on the degree of Hellenization)
**Homanades
Homana, also known as Homona and Homonanda, was a town of ancient Pisidia and later of Isauria and Lycaonia, inhabited in Hellenistic and Roman times. Pliny the Elder puts the town in Pisidia. It appears in the '' Synecdemus'' as part of Lycaonia ...
( Homana or Homona was their main settlement)
* Sidians
* Solymoi / Solymi
Milyas ( grc, Μιλυάς) was a mountainous country in ancient south-west Anatolia (modern Turkey). However, it is generally described as being mostly in the northern part of the successor kingdom of Lycia, as well as southern Pisidia, and part ...
** Milyans / Milyae
* Telchines?
Western Anatolian
* Lydians
** Kaystrianoi / Caystriani
** Kilbianoi / Cilbiani
* Trojans
Phrygians
The Phrygians (Greek: Φρύγες, ''Phruges'' or ''Phryges'') were an ancient Indo-European speaking people, who inhabited central-western Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) in antiquity. They were related to the Greeks.
Ancient Greek authors used ...
, a non Anatolian Indo-European people, and therefore they were possibly not an Anatolian Indo-European people, Mysia was also known as Phrygia Hellespontica, however they probably had a mixing with an Anatolian people closer to the Lydians that would explain contradictory statements by ancient authors)
** Milatai? / Milatae?
* Isuwans? (seem to have been a mixed Anatolian, Hurrian, and Mitanni population)
Aigosages
The Aigosages ( grc-gre, Αἰγοσάγες, ) were a Celts, Celtic tribe dwelling on both sides of the Hellespont, first in Thrace and then in Troad, Troas and Mysia on the Asian side.
Coming probably from the Kingdom of Tylis, they crossed ove ...
, between Troy and Cyzicus
*Daguteni, in modern Marmara region around Orhaneli
*Inovanteni, east of the Trocnades
*Okondiani, between Phrygia and Galatia northeast of modern Akşehir Gölü
*Rigosages, unlocated
Phrygians
The Phrygians (Greek: Φρύγες, ''Phruges'' or ''Phryges'') were an ancient Indo-European speaking people, who inhabited central-western Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) in antiquity. They were related to the Greeks.
Ancient Greek authors used ...
* Kaourkoi / Caurci?
* Fontes?Phrygians
The Phrygians (Greek: Φρύγες, ''Phruges'' or ''Phryges'') were an ancient Indo-European speaking people, who inhabited central-western Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) in antiquity. They were related to the Greeks.
Ancient Greek authors used ...
, a non Anatolian Indo-European people, and therefore they were possibly not an Anatolian Indo-European people, Mysia was also known as Phrygia Hellespontica, however they probably had a mixing with an Anatolian people closer to the Lydians that would explain contradictory statements by ancient authors)
** Milatai? / Milatae?
Bithynians
The Bithyni (; el, Βιθυνοί) were a Thracian tribe who, along with the Thyni, migrated to Anatolia. Herodotus, Xenophon and Strabo all assert that the Bithyni and Thyni settled together in what would be known as Bithynia and Thynia. Accord ...
Possible Indo-European peoples
Phrygians
The Phrygians (Greek: Φρύγες, ''Phruges'' or ''Phryges'') were an ancient Indo-European speaking people, who inhabited central-western Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) in antiquity. They were related to the Greeks.
Ancient Greek authors used ...
? and related Mysians?)
** Eastern Mushki ( Proto-Armenians?)
*** Moschi- Mossynoeci
**** Moschi (possible Mushki, Indo-European?, origin, assimilated by old Kartvelian Kartvelian may refer to:
* Anything coming from or related to Georgia (country)
* Kartvelian languages
* Kartvelian alphabet, see Georgian alphabet
* Kartvelian studies
* Georgians
{{disambig
Language and nationality disambiguation pages ...
peoples and named Meskhetians, the inhabitants of Meskheti in far southwestern Georgia - Sakartvelo
Georgia (, ; ) is a transcontinental country at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is part of the Caucasus region, bounded by the Black Sea to the west, by Russia to the north and northeast, by Turkey to the southwes ...
)
**** Mossynoeci (possible Mushki, Indo-European?, origin, assimilated by old Kartvelian Kartvelian may refer to:
* Anything coming from or related to Georgia (country)
* Kartvelian languages
* Kartvelian alphabet, see Georgian alphabet
* Kartvelian studies
* Georgians
{{disambig
Language and nationality disambiguation pages ...
peoples and named Meskhetians, the inhabitants of Meskheti in far southwestern Georgia - Sakartvelo
Georgia (, ; ) is a transcontinental country at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is part of the Caucasus region, bounded by the Black Sea to the west, by Russia to the north and northeast, by Turkey to the southwes ...
)
Strabo
Strabo''Strabo'' (meaning "squinty", as in strabismus) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed. The father of Pompey was called "Pompeius Strabo". A native of Sicily so clear-sighted that he could see ...
believed that they were of Scythian origin)
Non-Indo-European peoples
Colchians
In Greco-Roman geography, Colchis (; ) was an exonym for the Georgian polity of Egrisi ( ka, ეგრისი) located on the coast of the Black Sea, centered in present-day western Georgia.
Its population, the Colchians are generally though ...
* Byzeres (The name of the historical region Odzrkhe
Odzrkhe or Odzrakhe ( ka, ოძრხე or ) was a historic fortified town and the surrounding area in what is now Abastumani, Adigeni Municipality in Samtskhe-Javakheti region, southern Georgia.
History
According to medieval Georgian histo ...
is derived from the name of this tribe - Vidzerukh / Viterukh / Odzr(a)khe / Odzrkhe
Odzrkhe or Odzrakhe ( ka, ოძრხე or ) was a historic fortified town and the surrounding area in what is now Abastumani, Adigeni Municipality in Samtskhe-Javakheti region, southern Georgia.
History
According to medieval Georgian histo ...
)
* Drilae / Sanni
** Drilae (according to Arrian
Arrian of Nicomedia (; Greek: ''Arrianos''; la, Lucius Flavius Arrianus; )
was a Greek historian, public servant, military commander and philosopher of the Roman period.
''The Anabasis of Alexander'' by Arrian is considered the best ...
, Drilae and Sanni were the same people) (ancestors of present-day Zans
The Zans ( ka, ზანები, tr) or Chans ( ka, ჭანები, tr) are a subethnic group of Kartvelian people, speaking the Zan languages.
* Kartvelian peoples
**Georgians
**Zans (Mingrelians and Laz people)
**Svans
See also
* Kar ...
)
** Sanni (ancestors of present-day Zans
The Zans ( ka, ზანები, tr) or Chans ( ka, ჭანები, tr) are a subethnic group of Kartvelian people, speaking the Zan languages.
* Kartvelian peoples
**Georgians
**Zans (Mingrelians and Laz people)
**Svans
See also
* Kar ...
)
* Machelones- Macrones
** Machelones (closely related to the Macrones)
** Macrones (ancestors of present-day Mingrelians
The Mingrelians ( xmf, მარგალეფი, margalefi; ka, მეგრელები, tr) are an indigenous Kartvelian-speaking ethnic subgroup of Georgians that mostly live in the Mingrelia ( xmf, სამარგალო, sam ...
)
* Marres
*Phasians The Phasians ( ka, ფაზიელები ''Pazielebi''; el, Φασιανοί ''Phasianoi''; la, Phasiani) were an ancient tribe located in the eastern part of Pontus. The Greek commander Xenophon, who encountered them during his march throug ...
*Zydretae
The Zydretae ( ka, ზიდრიტები) (Zudrêtai or Zudreitai) were an ancient people of Colchis recorded by the Classical accounts as dwelling on the coast of the Pontus Euxinus (Black Sea), on the southern side of the Apsarus river (mo ...
Possible Kartvelian peoples
Sakartvelo
Georgia (, ; ) is a transcontinental country at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is part of the Caucasus region, bounded by the Black Sea to the west, by Russia to the north and northeast, by Turkey to the southwes ...
)
** Mossynoeci (possible Mushki, Kartvelian?, origin, and named Meskhetians, the inhabitants of Meskheti in far southwestern Georgia - Sakartvelo
Georgia (, ; ) is a transcontinental country at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is part of the Caucasus region, bounded by the Black Sea to the west, by Russia to the north and northeast, by Turkey to the southwes ...
)Strabo
Strabo''Strabo'' (meaning "squinty", as in strabismus) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed. The father of Pompey was called "Pompeius Strabo". A native of Sicily so clear-sighted that he could see ...
believed that they were of Scythian origin)
Hurrians
The Hurrians (; cuneiform: ; transliteration: ''Ḫu-ur-ri''; also called Hari, Khurrites, Hourri, Churri, Hurri or Hurriter) were a people of the Bronze Age Near East. They spoke a Hurrian language and lived in Anatolia, Syria and Northern Mes ...
* Mitanni (seem to have been Hurrian with an Indo-Aryan ruling class)
* Isuwans (seem to have been a mixed Anatolian, Hurrian, and Mitanni population)
* Kizzuwatnans
Linguistically unclassified peoples
Sargon of Akkad
Sargon of Akkad (; akk, ''Šarrugi''), also known as Sargon the Great, was the first ruler of the Akkadian Empire, known for his conquests of the Sumerian city-states in the 24th to 23rd centuries BC.The date of the reign of Sargon is highl ...
(c. 2300 BC).Trevor Bryce, ''The Kingdom of the Hittites'': New Edition, Oxford University Press, 2005. p.12 Possibly connected to Northwest Caucasians.= Kaskians
= Possibly connected to Hattians and/or Northwest Caucasians.See also
* List of ancient peoples of Italy * Ancient regions of AnatoliaReferences
Further reading
* {{DEFAULTSORT:List of ancient peoples of Anatolia * Anatolia