This is a list of ancient cities, towns, villages, and fortresses in and around Thrace and Dacia. A number of these settlements were Dacian and

Thracian The Thracians (; grc, Θρᾷκες ''Thrāikes''; la, Thraci) were an Indo-European speaking people who inhabited large parts of Eastern and Southeastern Europe in ancient history.. "The Thracians were an Indo-European people who occupied t ...

, but some were

Celt The Celts (, see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples () are. "CELTS location: Greater Europe time period: Second millennium B.C.E. to present ancestry: Celtic a collection of Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancient ...

ic,

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a letter ...

Paeonian In antiquity, Paeonia or Paionia ( grc, Παιονία, Paionía) was the land and kingdom of the Paeonians or Paionians ( grc, Παίονες, Paíones). The exact original boundaries of Paeonia, like the early history of its inhabitants, a ...

, or

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

. A number of cities in

Dacia Dacia (, ; ) was the land inhabited by the Dacians, its core in Transylvania, stretching to the Danube in the south, the Black Sea in the east, and the Tisza in the west. The Carpathian Mountains were located in the middle of Dacia. It thus r ...

and

Thrace Thrace (; el, Θράκη, Thráki; bg, Тракия, Trakiya; tr, Trakya) or Thrake is a geographical and historical region in Southeast Europe, now split among Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey, which is bounded by the Balkan Mountains to t ...

were built on or close to the sites of preexisting Dacian or Thracian settlements. Some settlements in this list may have a double entry, such as the Paeonian ''Astibo'' and

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...

''Astibus''. It is believed that Thracians did not build true cities even if they were named as such; the largest Thracian settlements were large villages.The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond ,, 1992, page 612: "Thrace possessed only fortified areas and cities such as Cabassus would have been no more than large villages. In general the population lived in villages and hamlets..." The only known attempt to build a

polis ''Polis'' (, ; grc-gre, πόλις, ), plural ''poleis'' (, , ), literally means "city" in Greek. In Ancient Greece, it originally referred to an administrative and religious city center, as distinct from the rest of the city. Later, it also ...

by the Thracians was

Seuthopolis Seuthopolis (Ancient Greek: Σευθόπολις) was an ancient hellenistic-type city founded by the Thracian king Seuthes III between 325–315 BC and the capital of the Odrysian kingdom. Its ruins are now located at the bottom of the Koprinka ...

.,The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 by Christopher Webber, , 2001, page 1, "...the city of Seuthopolis seems to be the only significant town in Thrace not built by Greeks..." although

Strabo Strabo''Strabo'' (meaning "squinty", as in strabismus) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed. The father of Pompey was called "Pompeius Strabo". A native of Sicily so clear-sighted that he could see ...

considered the Thracian cities with "bria" ending polises. Some of the Dacian settlements and fortresses employed the traditional Murus Dacicus construction technique. Note: Throughout these lists, an asterisk indicates that the

toponym Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of '' toponyms'' (proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage and types. Toponym is the general term for a proper name of ...

is reconstructed.

Daco-Thracian

Many city names were composed of an initial lexical element affixed to ''-dava'', ''-daua'', ''-deva'', ''-deba'', ''-daba'', or ''-dova'', which meant "city" or "town" Endings on more southern regions are exclusively ''-bria'' ("town, city"), ''-disza'', ''-diza'', ''-dizos'' ("fortress, walled settlement"), ''-para'', ''-paron'', ''-pera'', ''-phara'' ("town, village").

translated -bria as polis, but that may not be accurate. Thracian ''-disza'', ''-diza'', and ''-dizos'' are derived from

Proto-Indo-European Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family. Its proposed features have been derived by linguistic reconstruction from documented Indo-European languages. No direct record of Proto-Indo-E ...

''*dheigh-'', "to knead clay", hence to "make bricks", "build walls", "wall", "walls", and so on. These Thracian lexical items show a

satemization Languages of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European family are classified as either centum languages or satem languages according to how the dorsal consonants (sounds of "K", "G" and "Y" type) of the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European langu ...

PIE A pie is a baked dish which is usually made of a pastry dough casing that contains a filling of various sweet or savoury ingredients. Sweet pies may be filled with fruit (as in an apple pie), nuts ( pecan pie), brown sugar ( sugar pie), swe ...

''*gh-''.

Cognates In historical linguistics, cognates or lexical cognates are sets of words in different languages that have been inherited in direct descent from an etymological ancestor in a common parent language. Because language change can have radical eff ...

include

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic peri ...

''teichos'' ("wall, fort, fortified town", as in the town of

Didymoteicho Didymoteicho ( el, Διδυμότειχο, Didymóteicho ) is a city located on the eastern edge of the Evros regional unit of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, in northeastern Greece. It is the seat of the municipality of the same name. The town ...

) and

Avestan Avestan (), or historically Zend, is an umbrella term for two Old Iranian languages: Old Avestan (spoken in the 2nd millennium BCE) and Younger Avestan (spoken in the 1st millennium BCE). They are known only from their conjoined use as the scrip ...

''da?za'' ("wall"). It is suggested that the "dava" endings are from the

Dacian language Dacian is an extinct language, generally believed to be Indo-European, that was spoken in the Carpathian region in antiquity. In the 1st century, it was probably the predominant language of the ancient regions of Dacia and Moesia and possib ...

, while the rest from the

Thracian language The Thracian language () is an extinct and poorly attested language, spoken in ancient times in Southeast Europe by the Thracians. The linguistic affinities of the Thracian language are poorly understood, but it is generally agreed that it wa ...

. However "dava" towns can be found as south as

Sandanski Sandanski ( bg, Сандански ; el, Σαντάνσκι, formerly known as Sveti Vrach, bg, Свети Врач, until 1947) is a town and a recreation centre in south-western Bulgaria, part of Blagoevgrad Province. Named after the Bulga ...

and

Plovdiv Plovdiv ( bg, Пловдив, ), is the second-largest city in Bulgaria, standing on the banks of the Maritsa river in the historical region of Thrace. It has a population of 346,893 and 675,000 in the greater metropolitan area. Plovdiv is the c ...

. Some "dava" toponyms contain the same linguistic features as "diza" toponyms, e.g. Pirodiza and Pirodava. The first written mention of the name "Dacians" is in Roman sources. Strabo specified that the Daci are the Getae, identified as a Thracian tribe. The

Dacians The Dacians (; la, Daci ; grc-gre, Δάκοι, Δάοι, Δάκαι) were the ancient Indo-European inhabitants of the cultural region of Dacia, located in the area near the Carpathian Mountains and west of the Black Sea. They are often consid ...

Getae The Getae ( ) or Gets ( ; grc, Γέται, singular ) were a Thracian-related tribe that once inhabited the regions to either side of the Lower Danube, in what is today northern Bulgaria and southern Romania. Both the singular form ''Get'' an ...

and their kings were always considered as Thracians by the ancients (Dio Cassius, Trogus Pompeius, Appian, Strabo, Herodotus and Pliny the Elder) and were said to speak the same language. The

is considered a variety of the

. Such lexical differentiation -dava vs. para, would be hardly enough evidence to separate Dacian from Thracian, thus they are classified as dialects. It is also possible that '-dava' and '-bria' mean two different things in the same language, rather than meaning the same thing in two different languages. Thus bria could have been used for urbanized settlements, similar in scale and design to those of the "civilised" peoples like Greeks and Romans, whereas '-dava' could mean a settlement which is rural, being situated in the steppe-like part of the Thracian lands. * Abydos *

Acidava Acidava (''Acidaua'') was a Dacian and later Roman fortress on the Olt river near the lower Danube. The settlements remains are located in today's Enoşeşti, Olt County, Oltenia, Romania. History After the Roman conquest of Dacia by Roman ...

(''Acidaua''), a fortress town close to the

Danube The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , pa ...

, located in today's Piatra-Olt,

Olt County Olt County () is a county ( județ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in the historical regions of Oltenia and Muntenia (the regions are separated by the Olt river). The capital city is Slatina. History On 24 August 2017, the Olt County ...

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...

Acmonia Acmonia or Akmonia ( grc, Ἀκμονία) is an ancient city of Phrygia Pacatiana, in Asia Minor, now known as Ahat Köyü. It is mentioned by Cicero (Pro Flacco, 15) and was a point on the road between Dorylaeum and Philadelphia. Under the R ...

* Abdera * Acatapara * Aedava (''Aedeva'', ''Aedabe'', ''Aedeba'' or ''Aedadeba''), placed by

Procopius Procopius of Caesarea ( grc-gre, Προκόπιος ὁ Καισαρεύς ''Prokópios ho Kaisareús''; la, Procopius Caesariensis; – after 565) was a prominent late antique Greek scholar from Caesarea Maritima. Accompanying the Roman gener ...

on the

Danubian road The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , pa ...

between Augustae and Variana, in

Moesia Moesia (; Latin: ''Moesia''; el, Μοισία, Moisía) was an ancient region and later Roman province situated in the Balkans south of the Danube River, which included most of the territory of modern eastern Serbia, Kosovo, north-eastern Alban ...

(the present Northern

Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedon ...

) * Aedeva, modern

Pernik Pernik ( bg, Перник ) is a town in western Bulgaria (about south-west of Sofia) with a population of 70,285 . Pernik is the most populated town in western Bulgaria after Sofia. It is the main town of Pernik Province and lies on both bank ...

* Agatapara * Ahypara *

Aiadava Aiadava (''Aiadaba'' or ''Aeadaba'', gr, Αἰάδαβα) was a Dacian town in the Remesiana region, present day Bela Palanka, Serbia. After the Romans conquered Moesia in the 75 BC, the new castrum (imperial domain with estates) and municip ...

(''Aiadaba'' or ''Aeadaba'', gr, Αἰάδαβα), a locality in the

Remesiana Remesiana (Byzantine Greek: Ρεμεσιανισία) was an ancient Roman city and former bishopric, which remains an Eastern Orthodox and also a Latin Catholic titular see, located around and under the modern city of Bela Palanka in Serbia. R ...

region in present-day

Bela Palanka Bela Palanka (Serbian Cyrillic: Бела Паланка, ) is a town and municipality located in the Pirot District of southeastern Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the population of the town is 8,143, and the population of the municipality i ...

Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...

Aizis Aizis (''Aixis'', ''Aixim'', ''Airzis'', ''Azizis'', ''Azisis'', ''Aizisis'', ''Alzisis'', ''Aigis'', ''Aigizidava ', ''Zizis'', grc, Αίζισίς) was a Dacian town mentioned by Emperor Trajan in his work ''Dacica''. Located at ''Dealul Ru ...

* Alaaibria (''Aixis'', ''Aixim'', ''Airzis'', ''Azizis'', ''Azisis'', ''Aizisis'', ''Alzisis'', ''Aigis'', ''Aigizidava*'', ''Zizis''), mentioned by Emperor

Trajan Trajan ( ; la, Caesar Nerva Traianus; 18 September 539/11 August 117) was Roman emperor from 98 to 117. Officially declared ''optimus princeps'' ("best ruler") by the senate, Trajan is remembered as a successful soldier-emperor who presi ...

Dacica ''Dacica'' (or ''De bello dacico'') is a Latin work by Roman Emperor Trajan, written in the spirit of Julius Caesar's commentaries like ''De Bello Gallico'', and describing Trajan's campaigns in Dacia. It is assumed to be based on Criton of He ...

Amutria Amutria (''Amutrion'', ''Amutrium'', ''Admutrium'', ''Ad Mutrium'', ''Ad Mutriam'', grc, Ἀμούτριον) was a Dacian town close to the Danube and included in the Roman road network, after the conquest of Dacia. The name is homonymous with ...

(''Amutrion'', ''Amutrium'', grc, Ἀμούτριον), a Dacian town close to the

, possibly today's

Motru Motru () is a city in Romania, Gorj County. It is situated on the river Motru in western Oltenia. The county capital Târgu Jiu is located about 35 km northeast. The city administers eight villages: Dealu Pomilor, Horăști, Însurăței, ...

Gorj County Gorj County () is a county ( județ) of Romania, in Oltenia, with its capital city at Târgu Jiu. ''Gorj'' comes from the Slavic ''Gor(no)-'' Jiu (“upper Jiu”), in contrast with Dolj (“lower Jiu”). Demographics In 2011, the county had a ...

* Apulon (''Apoulon'', ''Apula''), a fortress city close to modern

Alba-Iulia Alba Iulia (; german: Karlsburg or ''Carlsburg'', formerly ''Weißenburg''; hu, Gyulafehérvár; la, Apulum) is a city that serves as the seat of Alba County in the west-central part of Romania. Located on the Mureș River in the historical ...

from which the

name of Apulum is derived * Arcina ('' Arcinna''), a fortress town in

Wallachia Wallachia or Walachia (; ro, Țara Românească, lit=The Romanian Land' or 'The Romanian Country, ; archaic: ', Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: ) is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Lower Danube and so ...

* Apsynthus * Arcobadara *

Argedava Argedava (''Argedauon'', ''Sargedava'', ''Sargedauon'', ''Zargedava'', ''Zargedauon'', grc, Αργεδαυον, Σαργεδαυον) was an important Dacians, Dacian town mentioned in the Decree of Dionysopolis (48 BC), and potentially ...

(''Argedauon'', ''Sargedava'', ''Sargedauon'', ''Zargedava'', ''Zargedauon'', grc, Αργεδαυον, Σαργεδαυον), mentioned in the

Decree of Dionysopolis The Decree of Dionysopolis was written around 48 BC by the citizens of Dionysupolis, Dionysopolis (today's Balchik, on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria) to Akornion, who traveled far away in a diplomatic mission to meet somebody's farther in ''Argeda ...

, potentially the dava discovered at Popești, a district in the town of

Mihăilești Mihăilești is a town located in Giurgiu County, Muntenia, Romania. It administers three villages: Drăgănescu, Novaci and Popești. It officially became a town in 1989, as a result of the Romanian rural systematization program. The town sta ...

, Giurgiu County,

and maybe

Burebista Burebista ( grc, Βυρεβίστας, Βοιρεβίστας) was the king of the Getae and Dacian tribes from 82/61BC to 45/44BC. He was the first king who successfully unified the tribes of the Dacian kingdom, which comprised the area loca ...

's court or capital * Argidava (''Argidaua'', ''Arcidava'', ''Arcidaua'', ''Argedava'', ''Argedauon'', ''Sargedava'', ''Sargedauon'', ''Zargedava'', ''Zargedauon'', grc, Ἀργίδαυα, Αργεδαυον, Σαργεδαυον), potentially

's court or capital, located in today's

Vărădia Vărădia ( hu, Varadia) is a commune in Caraș-Severin County, Banat, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Mercina (''Mercsény'') and Vărădia. It is located near the border with Serbia, on the river Caraș, at a distance of from Oravi ...

Caraș-Severin County Caraș-Severin () is a county ( județ) of Romania on the border with Serbia. The majority of its territory lies within the historical region of Banat, with a few northeastern villages considered part of Transylvania. The county seat is Reșița ...

* Artanes, modern Lom *

Arutela The Roman castra Arutela is a historical monument, situated between Paușa and Căciulata, near the town Călimănești. It is estimated to have been constructed between 137 – 138 A.D. The building lies on the left bank of the Olt River, ne ...

* Apulon * Atipara * Authiparu *

Bergula Bergule or Bergula or Bergoule ( grc, Βεργούλη), also Bergulium or Bergoulion (Βεργούλιον), also called Bergulae or Virgulae, was a town in ancient Thrace, which was in later times called Arcadiopolis, Arcadiupolis, or Arkadioupo ...

* Berzobis, ancient Bârzava, Romania * Bataldeua * Bazopara * Bediza * Belaidipara * Bendipara * Beodiza *

, modern ( Luleburgaz) * Beripara *

Beroea Beroea (or Berea) was an ancient city of the Hellenistic period and Roman Empire now known as Veria (or Veroia) in Macedonia (Greece), Macedonia, Northern Greece. It is a small city on the eastern side of the Vermio Mountains north of Mount Olympus ...

, modern

Stara Zagora Stara Zagora ( bg, Стара Загора, ) is the sixth-largest city in Bulgaria, and the administrative capital of the homonymous Stara Zagora Province. Name The name comes from the Slavic root ''star'' ("old") and the name of the medieva ...

* Bessapara of the Bessi tribe, today

Sinitovo Sinitovo () is a village in central Bulgaria. It is located 5 km. east of Pazardzhik. As of 2005 the population was 2160. It is located at an altitude of in a fertile agricultural region near the Maritsa river. The main products grown in the area i ...

Bizye Vize ( el, Βιζύη, bg, Виза) is a town and district of Kırklareli Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. The district governor is Elif Canan Tuncer, and the mayor is Ercan Özalp ( CHP). According to the Turkish Statistical Institu ...

, capital of the Odrysae * Bolbabria * Bortudiza * Bospara * Bregedava * Breierphara, near modern

Komotini Komotini ( el, Κομοτηνή, tr, Gümülcine, bg, Комотини) is a city in the region of East Macedonia and Thrace, northeastern Greece. It is the capital of the Rhodope. It was the administrative centre of the Rhodope-Evros super-p ...

* Brentopara * Briparon * Buatpara *

Buricodava Buricodava was a Dacian town. See also * Dacian davae * List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia * Dacia * Roman Dacia Roman Dacia ( ; also known as Dacia Traiana, ; or Dacia Felix, 'Fertile/Happy Dacia') was a Roman province, provinc ...

Buridava Buridava (''Burridava'') was a Dacian town. situated in Dacia, later Dacia Apulensis, now Romania, on the banks of the river Aluta, now Olt. Ancient sources Ptolemy's Geographia Tabula Peutingeriana Etymology The name is Geto- ...

('' Burridava''), today's

Ocnele Mari Ocnele Mari is a town located in Vâlcea County, Oltenia, Romania. The town administers eight villages: Buda, Cosota, Făcăi, Gura Suhașului, Lunca, Ocnița, Slătioarele, and Țeica. The town is situated in the central part of the county, at ...

, Romania * Burtudiza * Busipara * Buteridava *

Cabassus Cabassus or Kabassos ( grc, Καβασσός), or Cabessus or Kabessos (Καβησσός), or Kabissos, was a town of ancient Cataonia or Cappadocia between Tarsus and Mazaca. It was inhabited during Roman and Byzantine The Byzantine E ...

* Capidava ('' Kapidaua''), a fortress town on the southern side of the lower

Caria Caria (; from Greek: Καρία, ''Karia''; tr, Karya) was a region of western Anatolia extending along the coast from mid-Ionia (Mycale) south to Lycia and east to Phrygia. The Ionians, Ionian and Dorians, Dorian Greeks colonized the west of i ...

, modern

Shabla Shabla ( bg, Шабла ) is a town and seaside resort in northeastern Bulgaria, administrative centre of the Shabla Municipality part of Dobrich Province. Shabla municipality includes the following villages: Bojanovo, Chernomortsi, Durankulak, ...

* Carsidava or Karsidaua * Cedonia, near

Sibiu Sibiu ( , , german: link=no, Hermannstadt , la, Cibinium, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Härmeschtat'', hu, Nagyszeben ) is a city in Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. Located some north-west of Bucharest, the city straddles the Ci ...

* Chesdupara * Cleipadava * Crenides * Cumidava ('' Comidava'', '' Komidaua''), ancient

Râșnov Râșnov (; german: Rosenau; hu, Barcarozsnyó; Transylvanian Saxon dialect: ''Ruusenåå''; Latin: ''Rosnovia'') is a town in Brașov County, Transylvania, Romania with a population of 15,022. It is located at about from the city of Brașov ...

, Romania * Cumlideva *

Cypasis Cypasis or Kypasis ( grc, Κύπασις) was an Emporium of the Cardia, on the east of the Hebrus River, on the Bay of Melas. Its site is located north of the mouth of the Kavak River in European Turkey East Thrace or Eastern Thrace ( t ...

Danedebai Danedevae (''Danedebai'', grc, Δανεδέβαι) was a Dacian town. Ancient sources Ptolemy's Geographia Tabula Peutingeriana Etymology History Dacian town Roman times Archaeology See also * Dacian davae * ...

, * Dausdava ('' Dausadava'', '' Dausdavua''), "The shrine of wolves", a fortress town close to the

Debelt Debelt (Bulgarian: Дебелт) is a village in Burgas Province in southeastern Bulgaria. It is located in the municipality of Sredets. History Debelt is located near the ruins of the city of Develtos. During the Russo-Turkish War of 1828-1829, ...

* Dentheletica, capital of the

Dentheletae The Dentheletae ( el, Δενθελῆται), also Danthaletae (Δανθαλῆται) or Denseletae, were a Thracian tribe that in antiquity lived near the sources of the River Strymon, and are mentioned in texts by Polybius, Cassius Dio, Tacit ...

tribe, modern

Kyustendil Kyustendil ( bg, Кюстендил ) is a town in the far west of Bulgaria, the capital of the Kyustendil Province, a former bishopric and present Latin Catholic titular see. The town is situated in the southern part of the Kyustendil Valley, ...

* Desudaba or Maedius of the

Maedi The Maedi (also ''Maidans'', ''Maedans'', or ''Medi''; grc, Μαῖδοι or Μαιδοί) were a Thracian tribe in antiquity. In historic times, they occupied the area between Paionia and Thrace, on the southwestern fringes of Thrace, along t ...

tribe, modern

* Diacum * Dierna * Dinogetia, located above the

delta * Docidava or Dokidaua * Dodopara *

Drabeskos Draviskos ( el, Δραβήσκος) is a village in Serres regional unit, located 45 km southeast of the city of Serres. Since 2011 it is a municipal unit of the Municipality of Nea Zichni. Until 1926 it was named "Zdravik". History Antiquity ...

* Drobeta, located on the left bank of the

Turnu Severin Drobeta-Turnu Severin (), colloquially Severin, is a city in Mehedinți County, Oltenia, Romania, on the northern bank of the Danube, close to the Iron Gates. "Drobeta" is the name of the ancient Dacian and Roman towns at the site, and the modern ...

* Drusipara * Egeta * Ergines * Eumolpias, later Pulpudeva translating ''Philippopolis'', the name resulted in modern

, prehistoric settlement * Gatae *

Gazoros Gazoros or Gazorus (Greek: ) was a town mentioned by Ptolemy to be in the region of Edonis or Odomantike and also by inscriptions of Hellenistic and Roman times. Later in the 4th century BC, it was annexed to the Macedonian kingdom and made a pol ...

* Gellipara *

Genucla Genucla is the name of an ancient fortress of the Getae, located on the riverbank of the Danube or on an island on the river. It is mentioned by Dio Cassius in his ''History of Rome'' (''Historia Romana''), in Book LI (51), chapter 26. The author ...

, settlement located south of the Danube *

Germania Germania ( ; ), also called Magna Germania (English: ''Great Germania''), Germania Libera (English: ''Free Germania''), or Germanic Barbaricum to distinguish it from the Roman province of the same name, was a large historical region in north- ...

, "hot water", modern

Sapareva Banya Sapareva Banya ( bg, Сапарева баня, transliterated ''Sapareva banya'') is a town in southwestern Bulgaria, part of Kyustendil Province. As Ancient Germania (in Dacia), a former bishopric, it is a Latin Catholic titular see. It is loca ...

, site of the

tribe * Germisara "hot water" * Gildova ('' Gildoba''), located along the

Vistula The Vistula (; pl, Wisła, ) is the longest river in Poland and the ninth-longest river in Europe, at in length. The drainage basin, reaching into three other nations, covers , of which is in Poland. The Vistula rises at Barania Góra in ...

river * Giridava * Hesdupara *

Iamphorynna Iamphorina or Iamphorynna was the capital of the Maedi, a Thracian tribe in ancient Macedonia. It was taken by Philip V of Macedon in 211 BCE. Writing in the 19th century, William Martin Leake placed it at Ivorina (Vrania), in the upper valley ...

, capital of the

tribe * Itadeba ('' Itadava'') * Isgipara *

Ismara Ismarus or Ismaros ( grc, Ἴσμαρος) was a city of the Cicones, in ancient Thrace, mentioned by Homer in the ''Odyssey''. Homeric Ismarus After their departure from Troy, Odysseus and his companions stop at Ismaros. They sack the town, and ...

Istria Istria ( ; Croatian language, Croatian and Slovene language, Slovene: ; ist, Eîstria; Istro-Romanian language, Istro-Romanian, Italian language, Italian and Venetian language, Venetian: ; formerly in Latin and in Ancient Greek) is the larges ...

(

Olbia Olbia (, ; sc, Terranoa; sdn, Tarranoa) is a city and commune of 60,346 inhabitants (May 2018) in the Italian insular province of Sassari in northeastern Sardinia, Italy, in the historical region of Gallura. Called ''Olbia'' in the Roman age, ...

) * Jidava, near

Câmpulung Muscel Câmpulung (also spelled ''Cîmpulung'', , german: Langenau, Old Romanian ''Dlăgopole'', ''Длъгополе'' (from Middle Bulgarian)), or ''Câmpulung Muscel'', is a municipality in the Argeș County, Muntenia, Romania. It is situated amon ...

, Romania * Jidova * Kabyle of the Kabileti tribe, capital of the Odrysae * Keliadeva * Keirpara * Keriparon * Kipsela, modern Ipsala * Kirpiza * Kistidiza * Klepidaua * Krabnopara * Krasalopara * Kuimedaba * Longinopara *

Lygos Neolithic artifacts, uncovered by archeologists at the beginning of the 21st century, indicate that Istanbul's historic peninsula was settled as far back as the 6th millennium BCE. That early settlement, important in the spread of the Neolith ...

, modern

Istanbul Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...

Malva ''Malva'' is a genus of herbaceous annual, biennial, and perennial plants in the family Malvaceae. It is one of several closely related genera in the family to bear the common English name mallow. The genus is widespread throughout the temper ...

, a Dacian settlement where Roman

Romula Romula or Malva was an ancient city in Roman Dacia, later the village of Reşca, Dobrosloveni Commune, Olt County, Romania. It was the capital of Dacia Malvensis, one of the three subdivisions of the province of Dacia. History The Roman ...

was built * Marcodava (Dacia) ('' Markodaua'') * Maskiobria * Melsambria, modern

Nessebar Nesebar (often transcribed as Nessebar and sometimes as Nesebur, bg, Несебър, pronounced ) is an ancient city and one of the major seaside resorts on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, located in Burgas Province. It is the administrative centr ...

* Melta, modern

Lovech Lovech ( bg, Ловеч, Lovech, ) is a List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, city in north-central Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of the Lovech Province and of the subordinate Lovech Municipality. The city is located about northeast f ...

* Murideba * Mutzipara* Napoca, ancient

Cluj-Napoca ; hu, kincses város) , official_name=Cluj-Napoca , native_name= , image_skyline= , subdivision_type1 = Counties of Romania, County , subdivision_name1 = Cluj County , subdivision_type2 = Subdivisions of Romania, Status , subdivision_name2 ...

, Romania * Naulochas, modern

Obzor Obzor ( bg, Обзор ) is a small town and seaside resort on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria. It is part of Nesebar Municipality, Burgas Province. On February 28th, 2021, the citizens of Obzor and six nearby villages voted in a referendum to sepa ...

* Nentinava ('' Netindaua''), ancient

Slobozia Slobozia () is the capital city of Ialomița County, Muntenia, Romania, with a population of 48,241 in 2011. Etymology Its name is from the Romanian "slobozie", which meant a recently colonized village which was free of taxation. The word its ...

, Romania * Nentivava, ancient Olteniţa, Romania * Netindava * Nipsa near Panisus *

Oescus Oescus, Palatiolon or Palatiolum ( bg, Улпия Ескус, ) was an important ancient city on the Danube river in Roman Moesia. It later became known as ''Ulpia Oescus''. It lay northwest of the modern Bulgarian city of Pleven, near the v ...

of the

Triballi The Triballi ( grc, Τριβαλλοί, Triballoí, lat, Triballi) were an ancient people who lived in northern Bulgaria in the region of Roman Oescus up to southeastern Serbia, possibly near the territory of the Morava Valley in the late Iron A ...

tribe * Odryssa or Uscudama, modern

Edirne Edirne (, ), formerly known as Adrianople or Hadrianopolis (Greek: Άδριανούπολις), is a city in Turkey, in the northwestern part of the province of Edirne in Eastern Thrace. Situated from the Greek and from the Bulgarian borders, ...

, capital of the Odrysae or Bessi tribe * Onokarsis, capital residence of the Odrysae, possibly modern Starosel * Orsudisza * Ostudiza * Patridava ('' Patridaua'') * Patruissa *

Pelendava Pelendava (''Pelendoua'', ''Potulatensioi'', ''Polonda'' ) was a Dacian town. Ancient sources Ptolemy's Geographia Tabula Peutingeriana Etymology History Dacian town Roman times Archaeology See also * Daci ...

('' Pelendova''), ancient

Craiova Craiova (, also , ), is Romania's 6th Cities in Romania, largest city and capital of Dolj County, and situated near the east bank of the river Jiu River, Jiu in central Oltenia. It is a longstanding political center, and is located at approximatel ...

, Romania * Perburidava *

Perperikon The ancient Thracian city of Perperikon (also Perpericum; bg, Перперикон, el, Περπερικόν) is located in the Eastern Rhodopes, 15 km northeast of the present-day town of Kardzhali, Bulgaria on a 470 m high rocky hill ...

* Pinon * Piroboridava *

Petra Petra ( ar, ٱلْبَتْرَاء, Al-Batrāʾ; grc, Πέτρα, "Rock", Nabataean Aramaic, Nabataean: ), originally known to its inhabitants as Raqmu or Raqēmō, is an historic and archaeological city in southern Jordan. It is adjacent to t ...

, fort of

* Petrodava ('' Petrodaua''), located in Piatra Neamț * Piroboridava (''Piroboridaua'') * Pizos * Polondava * Polymbria * Potaissa (''Patavissa''), ancient

Turda Turda (; hu, Torda, ; german: link=no, Thorenburg; la, Potaissa) is a city in Cluj County, Transylvania, Romania. It is located in the southeastern part of the county, from the county seat, Cluj-Napoca, to which it is connected by the Europe ...

, Romania * Predava * Priskupera * Quemedava, mentioned by Procopius in DardaniaEthnic continuity in the Carpatho-Danubian area by Elemér Illyés, 1988, , page 223 * Ramidava (''Rhamidaua'') *

Ratiaria Ratiaria (or: Raetiaria, Retiaria, Reciaria, Razaria; bg, Рациария; el, Ραζαρία μητρόπολις;) was a city founded by the Moesians, a Daco-Thracian tribe, in the 4th century BC, along the river Danube. In Roman times it w ...

* Recidava *

* Romboses *

Rusidava Rusidava (or Zusidava) was a Dacian town mentioned in Tabula Peutingeriana between Acidava and Pons Aluti, today's Drăgășani, Vâlcea County, Romania. See also * Dacian davae * List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia * Dacia D ...

(''

'') * Ruconium * Sacidava ('' Sacidaba'') * Sagadava * Salmydessos, modern

Kıyıköy Kıyıköy, formerly Midye, ancient/medieval Medea ( bg, Мидия, el, Μήδεια), is a small town on the Black Sea coast in the district of Vize in Kırklareli Province in northwestern Turkey. It is from Vize and away from Kırklareli. ...

, residence of the Odrysae * Sandava * Sangidaua * Sarmizegetusa ('' Sarmisegetuza''),

Decebalus Decebalus (), sometimes referred to as Diurpaneus, was the last Dacians, Dacian king. He is famous for fighting three wars, with varying success, against the Roman Empire under two emperors. After raiding south across the Danube, he defeated a Rom ...

's capital and holy place * Scaidava ('' Skedeba'') *

Scaptopara Blagoevgrad ( bg, Благоевград ) is а town in Southwestern Bulgaria, the administrative centre of Blagoevgrad Municipality and of Blagoevgrad Province. With a population of almost inhabitants, it is the economic and cultural centre ...

, of the

tribe, modern

Blagoevgrad Blagoevgrad ( bg, Благоевград ) is а town in Southwestern Bulgaria, the administrative centre of Blagoevgrad Municipality and of Blagoevgrad Province. With a population of almost inhabitants, it is the economic and cultural centre ...

* Scaripara * Scedabria * Scelabria * Scept *

Selymbria Selymbria ( gr, Σηλυμβρία),Demosthenes, '' de Rhod. lib.'', p. 198, ed. Reiske. or Selybria (Σηλυβρία), or Selybrie (Σηλυβρίη), was a town of ancient Thrace on the Propontis, 22 Roman miles east from Perinthus, and 44 Rom ...

, modern

Silivri Silivri, formerly Selymbria (Greek: Σηλυμβρία), is a city and a district in Istanbul Province along the Sea of Marmara in Turkey, outside the urban core of Istanbul, containing many holiday and weekend homes for residents of the city. Th ...

in European TurkeyAn Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 465: "Megara was principal or sole founder of...Kalchedo...Selymbria...Byzantion...Astakos...Herakleia pontike and possible Olbia..." *

Serdica Serdika or Serdica (Bulgarian: ) is the historical Roman name of Sofia, now the capital of Bulgaria. Currently, Serdika is the name of a district located in the city. It includes four neighbourhoods: "Fondovi zhilishta"; "Banishora", "Orlandovts ...

of the

Serdi The Serdi were a Celtic tribe inhabiting Thrace. They were located around Serdica ( bg, Сердика, Serdika; ; el, Σαρδική o Σαρδῶν πόλις, Sardike o Sardon polis), now Sofia in Bulgaria, which reflects their ethnonym. They ...

tribe, modern

Sofia Sofia ( ; bg, София, Sofiya, ) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and ha ...

Setidava Setidava, mentioned by Ptolemy in his Geography, was a Dacian outpost in north central Europe. This town, with the typical Dacian location name ending of ''- dava'', was mentioned in Ptolemy's Germania, who placed it north of Calisia (''Kalisia'') ...

('' Setidaua''), mentioned by Ptolemy as a thriving settlement *

* Singidava ('' Singidaua'') * Sintica of the

Sintoi The Sintians (; grc-gre, Σίντιες), "the Raiders, the Plunderers", from Ancient Greek ''sinteis'', "destructive") were known to the Greeks as pirates and raiders; they are also referred to as a Thracian people who once inhabited the area ...

tribe * Skaripara * Skaskopara * Spinopara * Stratopara * Strupil * Subzupara *

Sucidava Sucidava (Sykibid, Skedevà after Procopius,Olga Karagiorgou Σucidava after Vasile Pârvan, where Σ is pronounced "sh"Pârvan - știri din Dacia Malvensis http://www.cimec.ro/Arheologie/ParvanArticole/ParvanStiriNouaDinDaciaMalvensis.pdf)) ...

('' Suvidava'', '' Sukidaua''), located in Corabia, Olt County, Romania * Susudava, mentioned by Ptolemy as a thriving settlement * Sykidaba * Tamasidava ('' Tamasidaua'') * Tarpodiza *

Tapae Tapae was a fortified settlement, guarding Sarmizegetusa, the main political centre of Dacia. Its location was on the Iron Gates of Transylvania, a natural passage breaking between Țarcului and Poiana Ruscă Mountains and connecting Banat to � ...

, a Dacian outpost guarding Sarmisegetuza and the site of two major battles between Dacians and Romans * Teichos, residence of the Odryssae *

Therma Therma or Thermē ( grc, Θέρμα, ) was a Greek city founded by Eretrians or Corinthians in late 7th century BC in ancient Mygdonia (which was later incorporated into Macedon), situated at the northeastern extremity of a great gulf of the Aege ...

of the Mygdones tribe, modern

Thessaloniki Thessaloniki (; el, Θεσσαλονίκη, , also known as Thessalonica (), Saloniki, or Salonica (), is the second-largest city in Greece, with over one million inhabitants in its Thessaloniki metropolitan area, metropolitan area, and the capi ...

* Thermidava, placed by Ptolemy on the

Lissus Lissus or Lissos ( el, Λίσσος) could be: * Lissus (Crete), an ancient Greek city in Crete * Lissos (Illyria), an ancient city in Illyria, the present day city of Lezhë in Albania * Lissus, a river in Thrace Thrace (; el, Θράκη ...

- Naissus route. The toponym is most probably a misreading of a settlement which most scholars in contemporary research locate near present-day

Banat Banat (, ; hu, Bánság; sr, Банат, Banat) is a geographical and historical region that straddles Central and Eastern Europe and which is currently divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania (the counties of T ...

, Serbia. *

Thynia In the ancient world, Thynia (, el, Θυνία) was a region of Europe along the northern coast of the Propontis, opposite Bithynia on the Asian side.W.H.Race, ''Apollonius Rhodius: Argonautica'', Loeb Classical Library (2008), introductory maps ...

, town of the

Thyni The Thyni ( el, Θυνοί) were a Thracian tribe that lived in south-eastern Thrace. The Thyni were closely related to the Bithynians, with whom they often exchanged troops and royal marriages, later a section of the Thyni, along with the Bithyni ...

Tibiscum Tibiscum (''Tibisco'', ''Tibiscus'', ''Tibiskon'') was a Dacian town mentioned by Ptolemy, later a Roman castra and municipium. The ruins of the ancient settlement are located in Jupa, Caraș-Severin County, Romania. See also * Dacian dav ...

Tirista ''Tirista'' is a genus of moths in the family Sesiidae. Species *'' Tirista argentifrons'' Walker, 865 __NOTOC__ Year 865 ( DCCCLXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Event ...

('' Tsirista'') * Tranopara * Tranupara * Tsgipera * Tsierna ('' Dierna'') *

Tyrida Tirida, also known as Stabulum Diomedis or Stabulo Diomedis (both Latin for 'Diomedes's stable'), was a town of ancient Thrace. Pliny the Elder writes "Oppidum fuit Tirida, Diomedis equorum stabulis dirum." This Diomedes was the king of the Biston ...

* Tyrodiza * Urdoviza, modern Kiten * Utidava ('' Utidaua'') * Zalcdaba *

Zaldapa Zaldapa (''Zeldepa'', grc, Ζάλδαπα, Ζέλδεπα) was a large Late Roman fortified city in Scythia Minor/ Moesia, located near today's Abrit, Bulgaria. It was originally an ancient Thracian settlement from around the 8th century BC. ...

* Zargidava ('' Zargidaua'') * Zburulus * Sarmicegetusa * Zeugma * Zesutera * Zidava *

Zikideva Zicídeva ( el, Ζικίδεβα) was an Early Byzantine town, tentatively identified with the late antique settlement excavated on the top of Tsarevets hill, near modern Veliko Tarnovo in northern Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, Българи ...

Zimnicea Zimnicea () is a town in Teleorman County, Romania (in the historic region of Muntenia), a port on the Danube opposite the Bulgarian city of Svishtov. Geography Zimnicea is situated on the left bank of the Danube river. It is the southernmost pl ...

, site where

Alexander the Great Alexander III of Macedon ( grc, wikt:Ἀλέξανδρος, Ἀλέξανδρος, Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the Ancient Greece, ancient Greek kingdom of Maced ...

fought the Dacians *

Ziridava Ziridava (''Ziridaua'', grc, italic=yes, Ζιρίδαυα) was a Dacian town located between Apulon and Tibiscum, mentioned by Ptolemy in the area of the Dacian tribe of Biephi (today's Romania, Banat region). Ancient sources Ptolemy's ...

(''Ziridaua''), identified archaeologically with Pecica, Arad, Romania * Zirmai * Zisnudeba * Zisnedeva ('' Zisnudeva'', '' Zisnudeba''), located in Dacian

* Zucidaua *

Zurobara Zurobara ( grc, italic=yes, Ζουρόβαρα) was a Dacian town located in the northwest of today's Romanian Banat. It was positioned by the Tibiscus (Timiș) river, north of Sarmizegetusa Regia and south of Ziridava. This town was attested ...

* Zusidava Thraciae-veteris-typvs

Unknown names

: Aghireșu : Ardan : Ardeu : Arpașu de Sus : Augustin :

Băile Tușnad Băile Tușnad (; hu, Tusnádfürdő, ) is a town in Harghita County, Romania in eastern Transylvania. With a population of 1,617, it is the smallest town in Romania by population. It is located at an altitude of 650 metres in the southern reac ...

: Băleni-Români :

Bănița Bănița ( hu, Banica, german: Bansdorf) is a commune in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the ...

: Bâzdâna : Beidaud :

Bocșa Bocșa (; hu, Boksánbánya; german: Deutsch-Bokschan, Neuwerk) is a town in Caraș-Severin County, in the Banat region of Romania, with a population of 15,842 in 2011. The town is located in the northwestern part of the county, from the cou ...

: Boroșneu Mic : Boșorod : Botfei :

Breaza Breaza () is a town in Prahova County, Muntenia, Romania. The town center consists of at least two former villages, ''Podu Vadului'' and ''Breaza de Sus'', which were later merged. Today, ten villages are administratively part of the town: Breaza ...

: Bretea Mureșană : Bucium :

Căpâlna Căpâlna ( hu, Feketekápolna) is a commune in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania with a population of 1,663 people (2011). It is composed of five villages: Căpâlna, Ginta (''Gyanta''), Rohani (''Rohány''), Săldăbagiu Mic (''Körösszáldobág ...

: Cernat :

Cetățeni Cetățeni is a commune in Argeș County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Cetățeni, Lăicăi, and Valea Cetățuia. The commune is situated at a distance of from Pitești and from Câmpulung, right next to Dâmbovița C ...

: Cioclovina : Clopotiva : "Costești-Blidaru" : "Costești-Cetățuie" :

Cotnari Cotnari () is a village and the center of the eponymous commune in Iași County, Romania, in the historical region of Western Moldavia. It is located north-west of Iași and south of Hârlău, in a major wine-producing region of Romania, and is fa ...

: Coțofenii din Dos :

Covasna Covasna (, hu, Kovászna, , german: Kowasna) is a town in Covasna County, Transylvania, Romania, at an altitude of . It is known for its natural mineral waters and mofettas. The town administers one village, Chiuruș ( hu, Csomakőrös). The ...

: Cozia : Crăsanii de Jos : Crivești :

Crizbav Crizbav ( hu, Krizba, german: Krebsbach) is a commune in Brașov County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Crizbav and Cutuș (''Kutastelep''). At the 2011 census, 83.1% of inhabitants were Romanians and 16.1% Hungarians. G ...

: Cuciulata : "Cucuiș - Dealul Golu" : "Cucuiș - Vârful Berianului" :

Cugir Cugir (; German: ''Kudsir, Kudschir'', Hungarian: ''Kudzsir'') is a town in Alba County, Romania. Declared a town in 1968, it administers seven villages: Bocșitura (Hungarian ''Boksiturahavas'', German ''Potschitur''), Bucuru (''Bukuruhavas''/' ...

: Cârlomănești :

Dalboșeț Dalboșeț ( hu, Dalbosec) is a commune in Caraș-Severin County, western Romania with a population of 1,919 people. It is composed of seven villages: Bârz, Boina, Boinița, Dalboșeț, Prislop, Reșița Mică (''Kisresica'') and Șopotu Vechi (' ...

: Densuș : Divici : Drajna de Sus : Dumitrița : Eliseni :

Feldioara Feldioara (german: Marienburg, ; hu, Földvár or ''Barcaföldvár'') is a commune in Brașov County, Transylvania, Romania, about 15 kilometres from the city of Brașov. It is composed of three villages: Colonia Reconstrucția (''Bohntelep''), ...

: "Fețele Albe" : Grădiștea de Munte : Iedera de Jos : Feleac :

Jigodin Miercurea Ciuc (; hu, Csíkszereda, ; german: Szeklerburg) is the county seat of Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, a mainly Hungarian-speaking ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania, and is situated in the Olt Rive ...

Liubcova Berzasca ( hu, Berszászka, german: Bersaska, sr, Берзаска ''Berzaska'') is a commune in Caraș-Severin County, in the Banat region of western Romania with a population of 3,123 people. It is composed of five villages: Berzasca, Bigăr, ...

: Mala Kopania : Marca :

Mataraua Belciugatele is a commune in Călărași County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Belciugatele, Cândeasca, Cojești, Mataraua and Măriuța. As of 2007 the population of Belciugatele is 1,878. The ruins of a Dacian fortress ...

: Merești :

Moinești Moinești (; hu, Mojnest) is a city in Bacău County, Western Moldavia, Romania, with a population of 21,787 . Its name is derived from the Romanian-language word ''moină'', which means "fallow" or "light rain". Moinești once had a large Jewish ...

: Monariu :

Monor Monor is a town in Pest county, Hungary. It is situated immediately southeast of Üllő municipality and Ferenc Liszt International Airport - southeast of Budapest Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It ...

: Moșna : Ocolișu Mic :

Odorheiu Secuiesc Odorheiu Secuiesc (; hu, Székelyudvarhely, ; german: Odorhellen) is the second largest municipality in Harghita County, Transylvania, Romania. In its short form, it is also known as ''Odorhei'' in Romanian and ''Udvarhely'' in Hungarian. The Hun ...

: Olteni : Orăștie Mountains :

Petrila Petrila (; hu, Petrilla) is a town in the Jiu Valley, Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania. It is located near the confluence of the rivers Jiul de Est, Taia, and Jieț. The town administers four villages: Cimpa (''Csimpa''), Jieț (''Zsie ...

Petroșani Petroșani (; Hungarian: ''Petrozsény''; German: ''Petroschen'') is a city in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania, with a population of 34,331 (2011). The city has been associated with mining since the 19th century. History "Pietros" means ...

: "Piatra Roșie" : Pietroasa Mică : Pinticu : Pisculești :

Poiana cu Cetate Grajduri is a commune in Iași County, Western Moldavia, Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hunga ...

Polovragi Polovragi is a commune in Gorj County, Oltenia, Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to th ...

Ponor A ponor is a natural opening where surface water enters into underground passages; they may be found in karst landscapes where the geology and the geomorphology is typically dominated by porous limestone rock. Ponors can drain stream or lake wate ...

: Popești (Călărași) :

Porumbenii Mari Porumbeni ( hu, Nagygalambfalva ) is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania, and is composed of two villages, Porumbenii Mari (the commune center; ''Nagygalambfalva'') ...

Praid Praid (, Hungarian pronunciation: ; german: Salzberg) is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania, and is composed of six villages: Demographics The commune has an a ...

Racoș Racoș (also ''Racoșul de Jos''; german: Unter-Krebsdorf; hu, Alsórákos) is a commune in Brașov County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Mateiaș (''Mátéfalva'') and Racoș. The commune is located at the northern edg ...

Racu Racu ( hu, Csíkrákos, , meaning "Place with the Crabs of Csík") is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania. Component villages The commune is composed of two vill ...

: Radovanu - Gorgana I : Radovanu - Jidovescu : Roadeș :

Rovinari Rovinari () is a town in Gorj County, Oltenia, Romania. A large coal burning electric power plant it is located near the town. Surface and underground lignite coal mines operate in the surrounding area. It officially became a town in 1981, as a ...

: Rușor : Sacalasău : Satu Mare (Harghita) : Satu Nou :

Sânzieni Sânzieni ( hu, Kézdiszentlélek, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune in Covasna County, Transylvania, Romania composed of four villages: *Cașinu Mic / Kiskászon *Petriceni / Kézdikővár *Sânzieni / Kézdiszentlélek *Valea Seacă / Ké ...

Seimeni Seimeni (plural of ''Seimen'') designates the group of flintlock-armed infantry mercenaries charged with guarding the ''hospodar'' (ruler) and his court in 17th and 18th century Wallachia and Moldavia. They were mostly of Serb and other Balkan ...

Socol Socol ( ro, Socol, sr, Сокол/Sokol, or Соколовац/Sokolovac, hu, Nérasolymos) is a commune in Caraș-Severin County, Romania (in the '' Clisura Dunării'' area of Banat). In 2011, the population of the commune numbered 1,873 peopl ...

: Sprâncenata : Stâncești :

Stoina Stoina is a commune in Gorj County, Oltenia, Romania. It is composed of seven villages: Ciorari, Mielușei, Păișani, Stoina, Toiaga, Ulmet and Urda de Sus. References

* Communes in Gorj County Localities in Oltenia {{Gorj-geo-stub ...

: Șeica Mică : Tășad : Telița : Teliu :

Tilișca Tilișca (german: Tilischen; hu, Tilicske) is a commune in Sibiu County, Transylvania, Romania, in the Cindrel Mountains, west of the county capital Sibiu, in the Mărginimea Sibiului Mărginimea Sibiului ( hu, Szeben-Hegyalja) is an area whi ...

Timișu de Jos Predeal (; hu, Predeál) is a town in Brașov County, Transylvania, Romania. Predeal, a mountain resort town, is the highest town in Romania. It is located in the Prahova Valley at an elevation of over . The town administers three villages: ...

: Turia : Unip :

Uroi Simeria (; german: Fischdorf; hu, Piski) is a town in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania, and an important railway Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport that transfers passengers and goods on wheeled ...

: Valea Seacă : Viișoara Moșneni : Zemplín :

Zetea Zetea ( hu, Zetelaka, Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a commune in the central part of Harghita County, Romania. The commune lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania. Component villages The commune is composed o ...

Thraco-Illyrian

* Chesdupara * Daradapara *

Scupi Scupi (''Σκούποι'' in ancient greek) is an archaeological site located between Zajčev Rid (''Зајчев Рид'' 'Rabbit Hill') and the Vardar River, several kilometers from the center of Skopje in North Macedonia. A Roman military camp w ...

of the

Dardani The Dardani (; grc, Δαρδάνιοι, Δάρδανοι; la, Dardani) or Dardanians were a Paleo-Balkan people, who lived in a region that was named Dardania after their settlement there. They were among the oldest Balkan peoples, and their ...

tribe *

Sirmium Sirmium was a city in the Roman province of Pannonia, located on the Sava river, on the site of modern Sremska Mitrovica in the Vojvodina autonomous provice of Serbia. First mentioned in the 4th century BC and originally inhabited by Illyrians an ...

Greek and Macedon

Thrace, from Strymon to Nestos

Amphipolis Amphipolis ( ell, Αμφίπολη, translit=Amfipoli; grc, Ἀμφίπολις, translit=Amphipolis) is a municipality in the Serres (regional unit), Serres regional unit, Macedonia (Greece), Macedonia, Greece. The seat of the municipality is ...

, founded by colonists from

Athens Athens ( ; el, Αθήνα, Athína ; grc, Ἀθῆναι, Athênai (pl.) ) is both the capital and largest city of Greece. With a population close to four million, it is also the seventh largest city in the European Union. Athens dominates ...

Akontisma Acontisma or Akontisma ( grc, Ἀχόντισμα), also called Hercontroma or Herkontroma, was a settlement in ancient Macedon near the border of ancient Thrace, Thrace on the coast and on the Via Egnatia, 8 or 9 miles (13 to 15 km) eastward of N ...

Kilkis Kilkis ( el, Κιλκίς) is a city in Central Macedonia, Greece. As of 2011 there were 22,914 people living in the city proper, 28,745 people living in the municipal unit, and 51,926 in the municipality of Kilkis. It is also the capital city o ...

Datos Datus or Datos ( grc, Δάτος), also Datum or Daton (Δάτον and Δᾶτον), was an ancient Greek city located in Macedonia, specifically in the region between the river Strymon and the river Nestos. It was founded by colonists from Thaso ...

, founded by colonists from

Thasos Thasos or Thassos ( el, Θάσος, ''Thásos'') is a Greek island in the North Aegean Sea. It is the northernmost major Greek island, and 12th largest by area. The island has an area of and a population of about 13,000. It forms a separate re ...

An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 855: "The Thasians... they founded Krenides and Daton" *

Eion Eion ( grc-gre, Ἠϊών, ''Ēiṓn''), ancient Chrysopolis, was an ancient Greek Eretrian colony in Thracian Macedonia specifically in the region of Edonis. It sat at the mouth of the Strymon River which flows into the Aegean from the interio ...

, founded by colonists from

* Ennea Hodoi * Galepsus, founded by colonists from

* Gasoros *

Heraclea Sintica Heraclea Sintica, Heracleia Sintica, Хераклея Синтика in Bulgarian or Herakleia Sintike ( grc, Ἡράκλεια Σιντική), or Heraclea ex Sintiis, also known as Heraclea Strymonus or Herakleia Strymonos (Ἡράκλεια Στ ...

* Krenides, founded by colonists from

* Mastira, mentioned by Demosthenes (341 BCE) in his "The Oration on the State of the Chersonesus". This town was unknown to the scholar Harpocration (100-200 CE), who suggests that instead of "Mastira" we should read " Bastira", a known Thracian town of that name. *

Myrkinos Myrcinus or Myrkinos ( grc, Μύρκινος or Μύρκιννος) was an ancient Greek city located in Macedonian Thrace, in the region of Edonis between the Strymon and the Nestos Rivers, on the left bank of the Strymon. It was within the territ ...

, founded by colonists from

Miletus Miletus (; gr, Μῑ́λητος, Mī́lētos; Hittite transcription ''Millawanda'' or ''Milawata'' (exonyms); la, Mīlētus; tr, Milet) was an ancient Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia, near the mouth of the Maeander River in a ...

An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 782, "The Thasians are said to have colonised the Hedonian city of Myrkinos, Galepsos and Oisyme..." in 497 BC * Neapolis, founded by colonists from

, modern

Kavala Kavala ( el, Καβάλα, ''Kavála'' ) is a city in northern Greece, the principal seaport of eastern Macedonia and the capital of Kavala regional unit. It is situated on the Bay of Kavala, across from the island of Thasos and on the Egnat ...

Oesyme Oesyme or Oisyme ( grc-x-attic, Οἰσύμη, grc-x-doric, Οἰσύμα) and Aisyme or Aesyme ( grc, Αἰσύμη) was an ancient Greek ''polis'' (city-state) located in ancient Thrace and later in Macedonia. It was within the region of Pier ...

, founded by colonists from

* ParoikopolisAn Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 857 *

Pergamos Pergamos (; tr, Beyarmudu) is a Turkish Cypriot village in Larnaca District, Cyprus, 4 km north of Pyla, almost surrounded by the British Sovereign Base Area (SBA) at Dhekelia.PRIO web site http://www.prio-cyprus-displacement.net/default. ...

Phagres Phagres ( grc, Φάγρης) was a ancient Greek, Greek city located in ancient Thrace and later in kingdom of Macedon, Macedon, in the region between the river Strymon (river), Strymon and the river Nestos (river), Nestos called Edonis (region), E ...

, founded by colonists from

Philippi Philippi (; grc-gre, Φίλιπποι, ''Philippoi'') was a major Greek city northwest of the nearby island, Thasos. Its original name was Crenides ( grc-gre, Κρηνῖδες, ''Krenides'' "Fountains") after its establishment by Thasian colon ...

, founded by

Philip II of Macedon Philip II of Macedon ( grc-gre, Φίλιππος ; 382 – 21 October 336 BC) was the king ('' basileus'') of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia from 359 BC until his death in 336 BC. He was a member of the Argead dynasty, founders of the ...

, rebuilt Crenides * Philippopolis (modern

) *

Pistyros Pistyrus or Pistyros ( grc, Πίστυρος), or Pistirus or Pistiros (Πίστιρος), or Bistirus or Bistiros (Βίστιρος), also known as Pisteira (Πίστειρα),Harpocration, p. 124. 11; Schol. ad Aesch. Pers. 2. was an ancient Gre ...

, founded by colonists from

* Sirra, founded by

, rebuilt town of the Siriopeoni, modern

Serres Sérres ( el, Σέρρες ) is a city in Macedonia, Greece, capital of the Serres regional unit and second largest city in the region of Central Macedonia, after Thessaloniki. Serres is one of the administrative and economic centers of Northe ...

* Skapte Hyle *

Skotoussa Skotoussa ( el, Σκοτούσσα, ) is a village and a former municipality in the Serres (regional unit), Serres regional unit, Greece. Population 5,135 (2011). Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Irakleia, Serr ...

* Tristolos

Thrace, from Nestos to Hebros

* Abdera, founded by colonists from

Klazomenai Klazomenai ( grc, Κλαζομεναί) or Clazomenae was an ancient Greek city on the coast of Ionia and a member of the Ionian League. It was one of the first cities to issue silver coinage. Its ruins are now located in the modern town Urla n ...

* Ainos ('' Poltymbria'') founded by colonists from Alopeke,

Mytilene Mytilene (; el, Μυτιλήνη, Mytilíni ; tr, Midilli) is the capital of the Greek island of Lesbos, and its port. It is also the capital and administrative center of the North Aegean Region, and hosts the headquarters of the University of ...

, and Kyme *

Bergepolis Bergepolis ( grc, Βεργέπολις) was a Greek town located in ancient Thrace, in the region between the river Nestos to the river Hebros. It was founded by colonists from Abdera. Bergepolis was an urban center dependent on Abdera. Bergepolis ...

, founded by colonists from Abdera *

Doriskos Doriscus ( grc-gre, Δορίσκος and Δωρίσκος, ''Dorískos'') was a settlement in ancient Thrace (modern-day Greece), on the northern shores of Aegean Sea, in a plain west of the river Hebrus (river), Hebrus. It was notable for remaini ...

* Drys, founded by colonists from

Samothrace Samothrace (also known as Samothraki, el, Σαμοθράκη, ) is a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea. It is a municipality within the Evros regional unit of Thrace. The island is long and is in size and has a population of 2,859 (2011 ...

Dikaia Dikaia ( el, Δίκαια, ) is a village in the northern part of the Evros regional unit in Greece. Dikaia was the seat of the former municipality of Trigono, and is part of the municipality Orestiada since 2011. In 2011 its population was 561 ...

, founded by colonists from

Samos Samos (, also ; el, Σάμος ) is a Greek island in the eastern Aegean Sea, south of Chios, north of Patmos and the Dodecanese, and off the coast of western Turkey, from which it is separated by the -wide Mycale Strait. It is also a separate ...

The Histories by Herodotus, Carolyn Dewald, and Robin Waterfield, 2008, page 442: "... bed of the Lisus, Xerxes passed the Greek towns of Maronea, Dicaea, and Abdera. His route also took him past a ..." * Kypsela *

Larissa Larissa (; el, Λάρισα, , ) is the capital and largest city of the Thessaly region in Greece. It is the fifth-most populous city in Greece with a population of 144,651 according to the 2011 census. It is also capital of the Larissa regiona ...

Maroneia Maroneia ( el, Μαρώνεια) is a village and a former municipality in Rhodope regional unit, East Macedonia and Thrace, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Maroneia-Sapes, of which it is a munic ...

, founded by colonists from

Chios Chios (; el, Χίος, Chíos , traditionally known as Scio in English) is the fifth largest Greek island, situated in the northern Aegean Sea. The island is separated from Turkey by the Chios Strait. Chios is notable for its exports of mastic ...

* Menebria, founded by colonists from

on a town named Melsambria, modern

* Orthagoria * Sale, founded by colonists from

Stryme Stryme ( grc, Στρύμη) was an ancient Greek city on the south coast of ancient Thrace, a little to the west of Mesembria, between which and Stryme flowed the small river Lissus, which the army of Xerxes I is said to have drunk dry. It was foun ...

, founded from colonists from

Zone Zone or The Zone may refer to: Places Climate and altitude zones * Death zone (originally the lethal zone), altitudes above a certain point where the amount of oxygen is insufficient to sustain human life for an extended time span * Frigid zone, ...

, founded by colonists from

Inland Thrace

* Alexandropolis Maedica *

, founded by

in 342 BC * Philippopolis, Pulpudeva ('' Philippopolis''), today's city of

in Bulgaria, founded by

in a town formerly called ''Eumolpias''. * Stanimachos, founded by colonists from

Istiaia Istiaia ( el, Ιστιαία, , before 1913: Ξηροχώρι - ''Xirochori''2.537 Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Istiaia-Aidipsos, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an are ...

, modern

Asenovgrad Asenovgrad ( bg, Асеновград ) is List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, a town in central southern Bulgaria, part of Plovdiv Province. It is the largest town in Bulgaria that is not a province center. Previously known as ''Stanimaka'' ( ...

Pistiros Pistiros (Ancient Greek, ''Πίστιρος'') was an inland Ancient Greek emporion, or trade center, in Ancient Thrace. It is located near the modern city of Vetren, in the westernmost part of the Maritsa River valley. The identification of the ...

, founded by Pistyrians from the coast

Thracian Chersonesos

Aegospotami Aegospotami ( grc, Αἰγὸς Ποταμοί, ''Aigos Potamoi'') or AegospotamosMish, Frederick C., Editor in Chief. “Aegospotami.” '' Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary''. 9th ed. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster Inc., 1985. , (in ...

(''Aegospotamos'') * Alokopennesos, founded by colonists from

Aeolis Aeolis (; grc, Αἰολίς, Aiolís), or Aeolia (; grc, Αἰολία, Aiolía, link=no), was an area that comprised the west and northwestern region of Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey), mostly along the coast, and also several offshore islan ...

* Araplos * Callipolis *

Chersonesos Chersonesus ( grc, Χερσόνησος, Khersónēsos; la, Chersonesus; modern Russian and Ukrainian: Херсоне́с, ''Khersones''; also rendered as ''Chersonese'', ''Chersonesos'', contracted in medieval Greek to Cherson Χερσών; ...

(''

Agora The agora (; grc, ἀγορά, romanized: ', meaning "market" in Modern Greek) was a central public space in ancient Greek city-states. It is the best representation of a city-state's response to accommodate the social and political order of t ...

''), founded by colonists from

Derris ''Derris'' is genus of leguminous plants found in Southeast Asia and the southwest Pacific islands, including New Guinea. The roots of '' D. elliptica'' contain rotenone, a strong insecticide and fish poison. Despite the secondary compounds foun ...

Elaious Elaeus ( grc, Ἐλαιοῦς ''Elaious'', later ''Elaeus''), the “Olive City”, was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace, on the Thracian Chersonese. Elaeus was located at the southern end of the Hellespont (now the Dardanelles) near th ...

, founded by colonists from

* Ide * Kardia, founded by colonists from

An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation, by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 636: "In the archaic period Athens colonised Sigeion, Elaious, Chersonesus, Paktye, Sestus, Kardia..." * Kressa * Krithotai, founded by colonists from

* Limnae, founded by colonists from

Madytos Madytos ( el, Μάδυτος) is a former municipality in the Thessaloniki regional unit, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Volvi, of which it is a municipal unit. Its population was 2,460 in 2011. The ...

, founded by colonists from

Lesbos Lesbos or Lesvos ( el, Λέσβος, Lésvos ) is a Greek island located in the northeastern Aegean Sea. It has an area of with approximately of coastline, making it the third largest island in Greece. It is separated from Anatolia, Asia Minor ...

Pactya Pactya or Paktye ( grc, Πακτύη) was an ancient Greek city located in ancient Thrace, on the Thracian Chersonesus. It is cited in the ''Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax'', in its recitation of the towns of the Thracian Chersonesus, along with Aegosp ...

, founded by colonists from

Paion Paion ( el, Παΐων) is a former municipality in Achaea, West Greece, Greece. Its population in 2011 was 1,055. The seat of the municipality was in Dafni. The municipality was created after the Greek War of Independence and was dissolved in ...

* Sestos, founded by colonists from

Propontic Thrace

Athyra ''Athyra'' is a fantasy novel by American writer Steven Brust, the sixth book in his Vlad Taltos series, set in the fantasy world of Dragaera. Originally published in 1993, by Ace Books, it was reprinted in 2003 along with ''Orca'' in the om ...

Byzantion Byzantium () or Byzantion ( grc, Βυζάντιον) was an ancient Greek city in classical antiquity that became known as Constantinople in late antiquity and Istanbul today. The Greek name ''Byzantion'' and its Latinization ''Byzantium' ...

, founded by colonists from

Megara Megara (; el, Μέγαρα, ) is a historic town and a municipality in West Attica, Greece. It lies in the northern section of the Isthmus of Corinth opposite the island of Salamis Island, Salamis, which belonged to Megara in archaic times, befo ...

on a town called

, modern

* Bisanthe, founded by colonists from

* Daminon Teichos * Ergiske * Heraclea (''

Perinthus Perinthus or Perinthos ( grc, ἡ Πέρινθος) was a great and flourishing town of ancient Thrace, situated on the Propontis. According to John Tzetzes, it bore at an early period the name of Mygdonia (Μυγδονία). It lay 22 miles west ...

'') * Heraion, founded by colonists from

Lysimachia ''Lysimachia'' () is a genus consisting of 193 accepted species of flowering plants traditionally classified in the family Primulaceae. Based on a molecular phylogenetic study it was transferred to the family Myrsinaceae, before this family wa ...

Neapolis (Thracian Chersonese) Neapolis ( grc, Νεάπολις) was a Greek city in ancient Thrace, located on the Propontis. It also bore the name Heraclea or Herakleia (Ἡράκλεια). It was a member of the Delian League and appears in Athenian tribute registers between ...

, founded by colonists from

Orestias Orestias ( el, Ὀρεστιάς) was an ancient Greek settlement next to the Maritsa (or Evros) river, near or at the site of present-day Edirne, and close to the current border between Turkey and Greece. Legends claim that Orestias was founded ...

, rebuilt *

, founded by colonists from

Rhaedestus Bisanthe ( grc, Βισάνθη) was a great city in ancient Thrace, on the coast of the Propontis, which had been founded by the Samians. About 400 BCE, Bisanthe belonged to the kingdom of the Thracian prince Seuthes II. At a later period its ...

, founded by colonists from

* Serrion Teichos *

, modern

in European Turkey, of Thracian etymology * Tyrodiza, of Thracian etymology

West Pontic coast

* Aegyssos, modern

Tulcea Tulcea (; also known by other alternative names) is a city in Northern Dobruja, Romania. It is the administrative center of Tulcea County, and had a population of 73,707 . One village, Tudor Vladimirescu, is administered by the city. Names Th ...

* Aquae Calidae *

Ahtopol Ahtopol ( bg, Ахтопол , ) is a town and seaside resort on the southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. Geography Location It is located on a headland in the southeastern part of Burgas Province and is close to the border with European Turk ...

, founded by colonists from

* Anchialos, modern

Pomorie Pomorie ( bg, Поморие ), historically known as Anchialos (Greek: Αγχίαλος), is a town and seaside resort in southeastern Bulgaria, located on a narrow rocky peninsula in Burgas Bay on the southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. It is ...

, founded by colonists from Appolonia * Apollonia, modern

Sozopol Sozopol ( bg, Созопол , el, Σωζόπολη, translit=Sozopoli) is an ancient seaside town located 35 km south of Burgas on the southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. Today it is one of the major seaside resorts in the country, known for th ...

, founded by

Ionians The Ionians (; el, Ἴωνες, ''Íōnes'', singular , ''Íōn'') were one of the four major tribes that the Greeks considered themselves to be divided into during the ancient period; the other three being the Dorians, Aeolians, and Achaea ...

An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, Index *

Berga Berga () is the capital of the ''comarca'' (county) of Berguedà, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It is bordered by the municipalities of Cercs, Olvan, Avià, Capolat and Castellar del Riu. History Berga derives its name f ...

, founded by colonists from

* Bizone, founded by colonists from

, modern

Kavarna Kavarna ( bg, Каварна ; ro, Cavarna), is a Black Sea coastal town and seaside resort in the Dobruja region of northeastern Bulgaria. It lies northeast of Varna, from Dobrich on the international road E87 and south of the border with R ...

* Krutoi, modern

Balchik Balchik ( bg, Балчик ; ro, Balcic) is a Black Sea coastal town and seaside resort in the Southern Dobruja area of northeastern Bulgaria. It is in Dobrich Province, 35 km southeast of Dobrich and 42 km northeast of Varna. It spr ...

founded by Miletian colonists * Dionysopolis, modern

, founded by colonists from

* Heliopolis, modern

* Histria, founded by colonists from

* Kallatis (''

Callatis Mangalia (, tr, Mankalya), ancient Callatis ( el, Κάλλατις/Καλλατίς; other historical names: Pangalia, Panglicara, Tomisovara), is a city and a port on the coast of the Black Sea in the south-east of Constanța County, Northern ...

''), founded from colonists from Herakleia Pontike, modern-day

Mangalia Mangalia (, tr, Mankalya), ancient Callatis ( el, Κάλλατις/Καλλατίς; other historical names: Pangalia, Panglicara, Tomisovara), is a city and a port on the coast of the Black Sea in the south-east of Constanța County, Northern ...

, Romania * Mesembria, modern

Nesebar Nesebar (often transcribed as Nessebar and sometimes as Nesebur, bg, Несебър, pronounced ) is an ancient city and one of the major seaside resorts on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, located in Burgas Province. It is the administrative cen ...

, settled during the 6th century BC by

Dorians The Dorians (; el, Δωριεῖς, ''Dōrieîs'', singular , ''Dōrieús'') were one of the four major ethnic groups into which the Hellenes (or Greeks) of Classical Greece divided themselves (along with the Aeolians, Achaeans, and Ionians) ...

from

* Odessos, modern

Varna Varna may refer to: Places Europe *Varna, Bulgaria, a city in Bulgaria **Varna Province **Varna Municipality ** Gulf of Varna **Lake Varna **Varna Necropolis *Vahrn, or Varna, a municipality in Italy *Varniai, a city in Lithuania * Varna (Šaba ...

, founded by colonists from

Nikonion Nikonion ( grc, Νικώνιον; la, Niconium) and Nikonia ( grc, Νικωνία) was an ancient Greek city on the east bank of the Dniester estuary. Its ruins are located 300 meters to the northwest of the modern village Roksolany, in the ...

, founded by colonists from Istros * Salmydessos (from IE ''*salm-udes'', "salty water"; cf. Greek ''álmē'', "sea water, brine"; ''ýdos'', "water") * Tomis, modern Constanta, rebuilt

Scythia Scythia (Scythian: ; Old Persian: ; Ancient Greek: ; Latin: ) or Scythica (Ancient Greek: ; Latin: ), also known as Pontic Scythia, was a kingdom created by the Scythians during the 6th to 3rd centuries BC in the Pontic–Caspian steppe. Hi ...

n town

Other

* Aison * Brea, founded by colonists from

, *

on a tribe of the

tribe * Kossaia

Persian

* Boryza (city)An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 891, "Note that the only one which is explicitly called a polis by Hekataios is Boryza (fr.166) and here we learn that it is a polis inhabited by Persians i.e not by Greeks or Thracians." *

Doriscus Doriscus ( grc-gre, Δορίσκος and Δωρίσκος, ''Dorískos'') was a settlement in ancient Thrace (modern-day Greece), on the northern shores of Aegean Sea, in a plain west of the river Hebrus. It was notable for remaining in Persian h ...

Roman

Abritus Abritus (Abrittus) was an impressive Roman walled city and one of the biggest urban centres in the province of Moesia Inferior. Its remains are in the Archaeological Park of Razgrad. History A Thracian settlement of the 3rd–4th century BC ...

* Acumincum * Ad Medium * Agura Piatra ( Regianum) *

Appiaria Ryahovo ( bg, Ряхово) is a village in northern Bulgaria, and as Ancient Ap(p)iaria a former bishopric, remaining a Latin Catholic titular see. It is located in the municipality of Slivo Pole in Ruse Province. As of February 2011, it had a ...

Apros Aprus or Apros ( grc, Ἄπρος), also Apri or Aproi (Ἄπροι), was a town of ancient Thrace and, later, a Roman city established in the Roman province of Europa. History Stephanus of Byzantium collects a quote of Theopompus that mention ...

* Aquis * Augustae *

Augusta Traiana Stara Zagora ( bg, Стара Загора, ) is the sixth-largest city in Bulgaria, and the administrative capital of the homonymous Stara Zagora Province. Name The name comes from the Slavic root ''star'' ("old") and the name of the medieva ...

(formerly Beroe, later Stara Zagora) * Burgenae * Camistrum *

Caenophrurium Caenophrurium (also written as Cenophrurium and Coenophrurium; grc-gre, Καινοφρούριον ) was a settlement in the Roman province of Europa (Roman province), Europa (the southeasternmost part of Thrace), between Byzantium and Heraclea P ...

* Cypsella *

Deultum Develtos ( el, Δεβελτός, Δηβελτός, Δεουελτòς, Δεούελτος, Διβηλτóς) or Deultum was an ancient city and bishopric in Thrace. It was located at the mouth of the River Sredetska on the west coast of Lake Mand ...

, rebuilt

* Deltum * Diocletianopolis (modern

Hisarya Hisarya ( bg, Хисаря , also known as ''Hisar'', ''Hissar'' or ''Hissarya'', formerly: Toplitsa) is a small resort town in Bulgaria, in Plovdiv Province. Hisar means 'fort, castle' in Arabic. The word was adopted in Persian and Ottoman Tur ...

) * Doracium * Durorstorum, modern

Silistra Silistra ( bg, Силистра ; tr, Silistre; ro, Silistra) is a town in Northeastern Bulgaria. The town lies on the southern bank of the lower Danube river, and is also the part of the Romanian border where it stops following the Danube. Sil ...

* Drobeta * Gensis * Hadrianople, rebuild Uscudama *

Justiniana Prima Justiniana Prima (Latin: , sr, Јустинијана Прима, Justinijana Prima) was an Eastern Roman city that existed from 535 to 615, and currently an archaeological site, known as or ''Caričin Grad'' ( sr, Царичин Град), nea ...

* Margus *

Marcianopolis Marcianopolis or Marcianople (Greek: Μαρκιανούπολις), also known as Parthenopolis was an ancient Greek, then Roman capital city and archbishopric in Moesia Inferior. It is located at the site of modern-day Devnya, Bulgaria. The a ...

, modern

Devnya Devnya ( bg, Девня ) is a town in Varna Province, Northeastern Bulgaria, located about 25 km away to the west from the city of Varna and The Black Sea Coast. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Devnya Municipality. As of ...

* Maximianopolis * Morisena *

Montana Montana () is a state in the Mountain West division of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columbi ...

Nicopolis ad Istrum Nicopolis ad Istrum ( el, Νικόπολις ἡ πρὸς Ἴστρον) or Nicopolis ad Iatrum was a Roman and Early Byzantine town. Its ruins are located at the village of Nikyup, 20 km north of Veliko Tarnovo in northern Bulgaria. The ...

Nicopolis ad Nestum Nicopolis ad Nestum ( grc, Νικόπολις ἡ περὶ Νέσσον) or Nicopolis ad Mestum is a ruined Roman town in the province of Thracia (Thrace) near to the modern village of Garmen on the left bank of the Mesta river, in Garmen Municip ...

, rebuilt Alexandrupolis *

Novae A nova (plural novae or novas) is a transient astronomical event that causes the sudden appearance of a bright, apparently "new" star (hence the name "nova", which is Latin for "new") that slowly fades over weeks or months. Causes of the dramat ...

Pautalia Pautalia is one of the great ancient cities of Thrace, now located in Kyustendil, Bulgaria. It was a settlement of the Dentheletae, a Thracian tribe, and had been occupied since at least the Iron Age. It is noted for its temple of Asclepius on th ...

, modern

* Pescium, modern

Peć Peja ( Indefinite Albanian form: ''Pejë'' ) or Peć ( sr-Cyrl, Пећ ) is the fourth largest city of Kosovo and seat of Peja Municipality and Peja District. It is situated in the region of Rugova on the eastern section of the Accursed Moun ...

* Plotinopolis, modern Hissarya, *

Porolissum Porolissum was an ancient Roman city in Dacia. Established as a military camp in 106 during Trajan's Dacian Wars, the city quickly grew through trade with the native Dacians and became the capital of the province Dacia Porolissensis in 124. The si ...

* Resculum (castra Remesiana) * Sexagnita Prista, modern

Ruse Ruse may refer to: Places *Ruse, Bulgaria, a major city of Bulgaria **Ruse Municipality ** Ruse Province ** 19th MMC – Ruse, a constituency *Ruše, a town and municipality in north-eastern Slovenia * Ruše, Žalec, a small settlement in east-ce ...

* Theranda * Traianopolis * Transmarisca, modern

Tutrakan Tutrakan ( bg, Тутракан , ro, Тurtucaia, tr, Turtukaya) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, an administrative centre of the homonymous municipality, part of Silistra Province. It is situated on the right bank of the Danube opposite t ...

Tropaeum Traiani The Tropaeum Traiani or Trajanic Trophy is a monument in Roman Civitas Tropaensium (site of modern Adamclisi, Romania), built in AD 109 in then Moesia Inferior, to commemorate Roman Emperor Trajan's victory over the Dacians, in the winter of 1 ...

* Turres, modern Pirot * Ulmetum *

Ulpiana Ulpiana was an ancient Roman city located in what is today Kosovo. It was also named Justiniana Secunda ( la, Iustiniana Secunda). Ulpiana is situated in the municipality of Lipjan. The Minicipium Ulpiana - ''Iustiniana Secunda'' was proclaim ...

Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa Colonia Ulpia Traiana Augusta Dacica Sarmizegetusa was the capital and the largest city of Roman Dacia, later named ''Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa'' after the former Dacian capital, located some 40 km away. Built on the ground of a camp of t ...

* Valve, modern

Vratsa Vratsa ( bg, Враца ) is the largest city in northwestern Bulgaria and the administrative and economic centre of the municipality of Vratsa and Vratsa district. It is located about 112 km north of Sofia, 40 km southeast of Montana. ...

Vicianum Viciano ( la, Vicianum - Veclanum) or Station Viciano was a Roman road station ( mansio type) of unclear location, somewhere in Kosovo field. History Viciana was a stopping place for caravans that travelled the Lissus–Naissus route, one of ...

, modern

Vučitrn Vushtrri ( sq-definite, Vushtrria) or Vučitrn ( sr-Cyrl, Вучитрн), is a city and municipality located in the Mitrovica District in northern Kosovo. According to the 2011 census, the town of Vushtrri has 26,964 inhabitants, while the m ...

Viminacium Viminacium () or ''Viminatium'', was a major city (provincial capital) and military camp of the Roman province of Moesia (today's Serbia), and the capital of '' Moesia Superior'' (hence once a metropolitan archbishopric, now a Latin titular see) ...

* the rest after conquest

Celtic

Dunonia Vidin ( bg, Видин, ; Old Romanian: Diiu) is a port city on the southern bank of the Danube in north-western Bulgaria. It is close to the borders with Romania and Serbia, and is also the administrative centre of Vidin Province, as well as ...

, modern

Vidin Vidin ( bg, Видин, ; Old Romanian: Diiu) is a port city on the southern bank of the Danube in north-western Bulgaria. It is close to the borders with Romania and Serbia, and is also the administrative centre of Vidin Province, as well as o ...

* Malata * Naissus, modern

Niš Niš (; sr-Cyrl, Ниш, ; names in other languages) is the third largest city in Serbia and the administrative center of the Nišava District. It is located in southern part of Serbia. , the city proper has a population of 183,164, while ...

Noviodunum {{Unreferenced, date=December 2009 Noviodunum is a name of Celtic origin, meaning "new fort": It comes from '' nowyo'', Celtic for "new", and '' dun'', the Celtic for "hillfort" or "fortified settlement", cognate of English ''town''. Several places ...

, modern

Singidunum Singidunum ( sr, Сингидунум/''Singidunum'') was an ancient city which later evolved into modern Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. The name is of Celts, Celtic origin, going back to the time when Celtic tribe Scordisci settled the area in ...

, modern

Belgrade Belgrade ( , ;, ; Names of European cities in different languages: B, names in other languages) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Serbia, largest city in Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers a ...

Taurunum Zemun ( sr-cyrl, Земун, ; hu, Zimony) is a municipality in the city of Belgrade. Zemun was a separate town that was absorbed into Belgrade in 1934. It lies on the right bank of the Danube river, upstream from downtown Belgrade. The developm ...

Tylis Tylis (Greek: Τύλις) or Tyle was a capital of a short-lived Balkan state mentioned by Polybius that was founded by Celts led by Comontorius in the 3rd century BC. Following their invasion of Thrace and Greece in 279 BC, the Gauls were defeat ...

Notes

References

* * * * *

External links

*
Sorin Olteanu's Project: Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum - Toponyms Section

Placenames in the Compilation 'notitia dignitatum' (Cnd)

Dacian Map

Thracians and Dacians

Thracians 700-46 BC
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ancient Cities in Thrace And Dacia Geography of ancient Thrace Ancient Thrace Celtic towns Thracian towns Greek colonies in Thrace Greek colonization Former populated places in the Balkans Archaeological sites in Romania Balkans-related lists