The lined quail-dove (''Zentrygon linearis'') is a species of
bird
Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweigh ...
in the family
Columbidae
Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...
. It is found in
Colombia
Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...
,
Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago (, ), officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is the southernmost island country in the Caribbean. Consisting of the main islands Trinidad and Tobago, and numerous much smaller islands, it is situated south of ...
, and
Venezuela
Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in th ...
.
Taxonomy and systematics
The lined quail-dove's taxonomic history is complex. It was originally placed in genus ''Geotrygon''. It, the
white-faced quail-dove
The white-faced quail-dove (''Zentrygon albifacies'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua.Soberanes-González, C. A., C. I. Rodríguez-Flores, M. d. C. Arizmendi, ...
(''Z. albifacies''), and the
Chiriqui quail-dove
The Chiriqui quail-dove or rufous-breasted quail-dove (''Zentrygon chiriquensis'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.Baptista, L. F., P. W. Trail, H. M. Horblit, and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Chi ...
(''Z. chiriquensis'') have been treated as a
superspecies or even as
conspecific
Biological specificity is the tendency of a characteristic such as a behavior or a biochemical variation to occur in a particular species.
Biochemist Linus Pauling stated that "Biological specificity is the set of characteristics of living organ ...
. It has two subspecies, the nominate ''Zentrygon linearis linearis'' and ''A. l. trinitatis''. The population of the nominate in Colombia's
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (English: ''Snow-Covered Mountain Range of Saint Martha'') is an isolated mountain range in northern Colombia, separate from the Andes range that runs through the north of the country. Reaching an elevation of ...
has been proposed as a separate subspecies. ''A. l. trinitatis'' has been treated as a separate species by some authors, and the mainland population of it has been proposed to be split as separate subspecies.
[Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved August 24, 2021][Baptista, L. F., P. W. Trail, H. M. Horblit, and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Lined Quail-Dove (''Zentrygon linearis''), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.liqdov1.01 retrieved September 25, 2021]
Description
The lined quail-dove is long and weighs . Adult males have a pinkish buff forehead that darkens to purplish brown on the crown. There is a pale gray arc from the eye to the nape and the cheeks are buffy. A thin dark stripe goes from the bill through the eye and another in the
malar area. The mantle is reddish purple and the rest of the upperparts reddish brown with purple or bronze-green iridescence on the hindneck. Loose feathers on the sides of the neck give the impression of dark furrows. The breast is pale gray to brownish gray and its sides are purple. The belly and flanks are buffy fawn. The eye can be various shades of yellow to orange-red; it has a narrow red ring and is surrounded by bare blue skin. The legs and feet are red. Females are almost identical to males with the addition of a brownish tinge to the gray breast. Juveniles have overall redder plumage with numerous brown and blackish bars.
[
]
Distribution and habitat
The nominate subspecies of lined quail-dove is found in Colombia's Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, the Andes of Colombia and Venezuela, and Venezuelan coastal mountain ranges. ''A. l. trinitatis'' is found in Venezuela's northern Monagas
)
, anthem = '' Himno del Estado Monagas''
, image_map = Monagas in Venezuela.svg
, map_alt =
, map_caption = Location within Venezuela
, pushpin_map =
, pushpin_m ...
and Sucre
Sucre () is the Capital city, capital of Bolivia, the capital of the Chuquisaca Department and the List of cities in Bolivia, 6th most populated city in Bolivia. Located in the south-central part of the country, Sucre lies at an elevation of . T ...
states and Trinidad and Tobago. It inhabits tropical lowland and evergreen montane forest
Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains. The alpine climate in these regions strongly affects the ecosystem because temperatures fall as elevation increases, causing the ecosystem to stratify. This stratification is a crucial f ...
s from sea level to .[
]
Behavior
Feeding
The lined quail-dove forages singly or in pairs, feeding on seeds on the forest floor.[
]
Breeding
The lined quail-dove's breeding season in Colombia spans at least from April to October and begins earlier in Trinidad and Tobago. One described nest was a deep cup of small twigs lined with dead leaves, placed in the fork of a tree above the ground. It contained two eggs.[
]
Vocalization
The lined quail-dove's song is "a single monotonous low-pitched note 'whoOOo', with highest amplitude in the middle." Two birds will sing at the same time at slightly different pitches.[
]
Status
The IUCN
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natu ...
has assessed the lined quail-dove as being of Least Concern. Its population has not been quantified; the species is believed to be fairly common but decreasing. Deforestation is a threat.[
]
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q27074690
lined quail-dove
The lined quail-dove (''Zentrygon linearis'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.
Taxonomy and systematics
The lined quail-dove's taxonomic history is complex. It was ori ...
Birds of the Colombian Andes
Birds of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
Birds of the Venezuelan Coastal Range
Birds of Trinidad and Tobago
lined quail-dove
The lined quail-dove (''Zentrygon linearis'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.
Taxonomy and systematics
The lined quail-dove's taxonomic history is complex. It was ori ...
lined quail-dove
The lined quail-dove (''Zentrygon linearis'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.
Taxonomy and systematics
The lined quail-dove's taxonomic history is complex. It was ori ...
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot