Lester Reynold Dragstedt (2 October 1893 – 16 July 1975) was an American surgeon who was the first to successfully separate

conjoined twins Conjoined twins – sometimes popularly referred to as Siamese twins – are twins joined ''Uterus, in utero''. A very rare phenomenon, the occurrence is estimated to range from 1 in 49,000 births to 1 in 189,000 births, with a somewhat higher in ...

. He was considered nationally known, and a leading authority on ulcers and gastroneuro surgery.

Early life and education

Lester Reynold Dragstedt was born in Anaconda, Montana to Swedish emigrant parents. His younger brother, Carl Albert, also became a doctor and surgeon. In his youth, his father encouraged him to memorize poetry including Bible passages and fragments of famous speeches. He was valedictorian of his high school and was offered a scholarship to schools including the

University of Chicago The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, U of C, or UChi) is a private university, private research university in Chicago, Illinois. Its main campus is located in Chicago's Hyde Park, Chicago, Hyde Park neighborhood. The University of Chic ...

. Swedish physiologist

Anton Julius Carlson Anton Julius Carlson (January 29, 1875 – September 2, 1956) was a Swedish American physiologist. Carlson was chairman of the Physiology Department at the University of Chicago from 1916 until 1940. Biography Carlson was born the son of Carl J ...

was a long-time friend of the Dragstedts who was the local Lutheran minister but started teaching physiology at the University of Chicago and encouraged the Dragstedts to "send the boy to Chicago. They will found out in three months if he has any brains, and if he does not, you can bring him back to Anaconda and put him to work in the copper smelter". In the beginning, Dragstedt thought of becoming a physicist after hearing lectures by

Robert Andrews Millikan Robert Andrews Millikan (March 22, 1868 – December 19, 1953) was an American experimental physicist honored with the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1923 for the measurement of the elementary electric charge and for his work on the photoelectric e ...

but was later influenced by physicians

Ivan Pavlov Ivan Petrovich Pavlov ( rus, Ива́н Петро́вич Па́влов, , p=ɪˈvan pʲɪˈtrovʲɪtɕ ˈpavləf, a=Ru-Ivan_Petrovich_Pavlov.ogg; 27 February 1936), was a Russian and Soviet experimental neurologist, psychologist and physio ...

and Michel Latarjet. However, he was especially influenced by A. J. Carlson, whom he would consider a mentor and advisor throughout his career, and Dragstedt pursued his studies of physiology. Dragstedt became a talented operating surgeon after practicing with animals and was attracted to surgery but he felt physiology had "greater promise for innovative accomplishments". He primarily studied at the University of Chicago, where he received his

Bachelor of Science A Bachelor of Science (BS, BSc, SB, or ScB; from the Latin ') is a bachelor's degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years. The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University o ...

degree in 1915, Masters of Physiology in 1916, Ph.D of Physiology in 1920 and finally

Doctor of Medicine Doctor of Medicine (abbreviated M.D., from the Latin ''Medicinae Doctor'') is a medical degree, the meaning of which varies between different jurisdictions. In the United States, and some other countries, the M.D. denotes a professional degree. T ...

the following year. In 1918, he met Gladys Shoesmith, a student at Iowa and later married her in 1922. In 1916, he started as a physiologist and instructor of pharmacology at

University of Iowa The University of Iowa (UI, U of I, UIowa, or simply Iowa) is a public research university in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. Founded in 1847, it is the oldest and largest university in the state. The University of Iowa is organized into 12 col ...

before returning in 1919, after serving in the military during

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

. While at University of Chicago, he briefly worked as a teacher at

Northwestern University Northwestern University is a private research university in Evanston, Illinois. Founded in 1851, Northwestern is the oldest chartered university in Illinois and is ranked among the most prestigious academic institutions in the world. Charte ...

in 1923. In 1925, as a

Rockefeller Fellow The Rockefeller Foundation is an American private foundation and philanthropic medical research and arts funding organization based at 420 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The second-oldest major philanthropic institution in America, after the Carneg ...

, Dragstedt traveled abroad where his daughter Charlotte was born; his travels included to

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...

to study at Fritz de Quervain's clinic and

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

with

Anton Eiselsberg Anton Freiherr von Eiselsberg (31 July 1860 – 25 October 1939) was an Austrian neurosurgeon. A student of Theodor Billroth, Eiselsberg served as professor of medicine at Utrecht University and at University of Königsberg before being appointed ...

and at

Vienna General Hospital The Vienna General Hospital (german: Allgemeines Krankenhaus der Stadt Wien), usually abbreviated to AKH, is the general hospital of the city of Vienna, Austria. It is also the city's university hospital, and the site of the Medical Unive ...

with

Jakob Erdheim Jakob Erdheim (24 May 1874, Boryslav, Galicia – 18 April 1937, Vienna) was an Austrian pathologist.Budapest Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population ...

with Eugen Pólya and at St. Rochus Hospital with Hümer Hültl. He paid each teacher $150 a month and returned to the United States where he was recruited in 1926 by Dallas B. Phemister to help design new research facilities for University of Chicago. After this, he was promoted to associate professor of surgery, eventually replacing Phemister as chair in 1947 and holding this position until his retirement in 1959 when he became professor emeritus.

Military training and health issues

In a 1971 letter, Dragstedt spoke of his time in the military, saying he went to

Washington, D. C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, Na ...

after leaving Iowa to study

typhoid vaccine Typhoid vaccines are vaccines that prevent typhoid fever. Several types are widely available: typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), Ty21a (a live oral vaccine) and Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (ViPS) (an injectable subunit vaccine). They are ab ...

s at

Army Medical School Founded by U.S. Army Brigadier General George Miller Sternberg, MD in 1893, the Army Medical School (AMS) was by some reckonings the world's first school of public health and preventive medicine. (The other institution vying for this distinctio ...

with Edward Bright Vedder. After growing tired of his activities, he transferred to

Fort Leavenworth Fort Leavenworth () is a United States Army installation located in Leavenworth County, Kansas, in the city of Leavenworth. Built in 1827, it is the second oldest active United States Army post west of Washington, D.C., and the oldest perma ...

and subsequently to

Yale Yale University is a private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1701 as the Collegiate School, it is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and among the most prestigious in the wor ...

with Milton Winternitz and then Camp Merritt which he called "my best experience in the Army" as he would perform autopsies from morning to night for about eight months. However, he contracted

tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by '' Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, i ...

and spent nine months at a tuberculosis sanatorium in

Arizona Arizona ( ; nv, Hoozdo Hahoodzo ; ood, Alĭ ṣonak ) is a state in the Southwestern United States. It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is part of the Fou ...

and later had a urinary tract examination. Surgeon Herman Kretschmer found that Dragstedt had a unilateral tuberculosis kidney which required a

nephrectomy A nephrectomy is the surgical removal of a kidney, performed to treat a number of kidney diseases including kidney cancer. It is also done to remove a normal healthy kidney from a living or deceased donor, which is part of a kidney transplant pr ...

and Kretschmer and Dragstedt's brother Carl performed the surgery. In 1927, Dragstedt also survived a severe bout of

typhoid fever Typhoid fever, also known as typhoid, is a disease caused by '' Salmonella'' serotype Typhi bacteria. Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several ...

which caused him to lose . He was also hard of hearing throughout his life.

Career

In 1936, he was one of three doctors from the University of Chicago's Department of Bacteriology, Surgery and Medicine who discovered a new germ, the apparent cause of

ulcerative colitis Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a long-term condition that results in inflammation and ulcers of the colon and rectum. The primary symptoms of active disease are abdominal pain and diarrhea mixed with blood (hematochezia). Weight loss, fever, and ...

. He was particularly recognized for his contributions to the treatment of the

pancreas The pancreas is an organ of the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates. In humans, it is located in the abdomen behind the stomach and functions as a gland. The pancreas is a mixed or heterocrine gland, i.e. it has both an en ...

, parathyroids and diseases of the

stomach The stomach is a muscular, hollow organ in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates. The stomach has a dilated structure and functions as a vital organ in the digestive system. The stomach i ...

. He originated the skin-grafted

ileostomy Ileostomy is a stoma (surgical opening) constructed by bringing the end or loop of small intestine (the ileum) out onto the surface of the skin, or the surgical procedure which creates this opening. Intestinal waste passes out of the ileostomy an ...

in the treatment of

. He developed a new surgical procedure (surgical

vagotomy A vagotomy is a surgery, surgical procedure that involves segmental resection, removing part of the vagus nerve. Types A plain vagotomy eliminates the parasympathetic supply from the stomach to the left side of the transverse colon. Other techni ...

) for duodenal ulcers (resulting from

peptic ulcer disease Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a break in the inner lining of the stomach, the first part of the small intestine, or sometimes the lower esophagus. An ulcer in the stomach is called a gastric ulcer, while one in the first part of the intestines ...

). He was a well-respected surgeon, renowned for his work on

gastric The stomach is a muscular, hollow organ in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates. The stomach has a dilated structure and functions as a vital organ in the digestive system. The stomach i ...

and duodenal ulcers and his work was documented in over 360 articles published in several medical journals. In 1950, he and his team at the University of Chicago discovered a new organ in the stomach, the

antrum ''This is a disambiguation page for the biological term. For the 2018 horror movie, see Antrum (film)'' In biology, antrum is a general term for a cavity or chamber, which may have specific meaning in reference to certain organs or sites in the bod ...

, which may play an important role in causing ulcers. The gastrin and stomach's secretions stimulate the flow of gastric juices and cause the stomach "digest" itself, causing the ulcers. The team discovered this while working with dogs and published their findings in the

Society for Experimental Biology The Society for Experimental Biology is a learned society for animal, cell and plant biologists. It was founded in 1923 at Birkbeck College to "promote the art and science of experimental biology in all its branches". It aims to demonstrate the i ...

. They found that removal of the antrum noticeably reduced the flow of gastric juices. That same year, while at the University of Chicago, Dragstedt managed a program where music was mixed with anesthesia to help calm patients. He considered his vagotomy surgical technique "the most important contribution of his career". In a 1971 news interview, he revealed that he always believed "knowledge was the most important legacy one generation could bequeath to the next", and when he once asked his classmates how long

Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. While large volumes of water can be found throughout the Solar System, only Earth sustains liquid surface water. About 71% of Earth's surfa ...

would remain inhabitable and they responded two billion years, he chose teaching as his profession. Following his Chicago retirement, he moved to Florida where he became a full-time physiology and research professor at

University of Florida College of Medicine The University of Florida College of Medicine is the medical school of the University of Florida. It is part of the J. Hillis Miller Health Science Center, with facilities in Gainesville and Jacksonville, Florida. The school grants Doctor o ...

until his death of a

heart attack A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to the coronary artery of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which ma ...

in 1975 at his lake house near Elk Lake, Michigan. He was also a president of National Society for Medical Research. From 1964 to 1965, he was also a visiting professor at Marquette University Medical School (now

Medical College of Wisconsin The Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) is a private medical school, pharmacy school, and graduate school of sciences headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The school was established in 1893 and is the largest research center in eastern Wisconsin ...

Legacy

Since 1977, the UF College of Medicine Department of Surgery have held annual ''Lester R. Dragstedt'' Symposiums, named in his honour. The award "Lester R. Dragstedt Physician Scientist Award" was also named for him.

Honors and distinctions

Degrees * 1915 B.S., University of Chicago * 1916 M.S., University of Chicago * 1920 Ph.D., University of Chicago * 1921 M.D.,

Rush Medical College Rush Medical College is the medical school of Rush University, located in the Illinois Medical District, about 3 km (2 miles) west of the Loop in Chicago. Offering a full-time Doctor of Medicine program, the school was chartered in 1837, a ...

, Chicago Honorary Degrees * 1953 Doctor Honoris Causa,

University of Guadalajara The University of Guadalajara ( es, Universidad de Guadalajara) is a public higher education institution in the Mexican city of Guadalajara. The university has several high schools as well as graduate and undergraduate campuses, which are distr ...

, Mexico * 1959 Docteur Honoris Causa, University of Lyons, France * 1969 Sc.D.,

University of Florida The University of Florida (Florida or UF) is a public land-grant research university in Gainesville, Florida. It is a senior member of the State University System of Florida, traces its origins to 1853, and has operated continuously on its ...

, Gainesville * 1973 Doctor Honoris Causa,

University of Uppsala Uppsala University ( sv, Uppsala universitet) is a public research university in Uppsala, Sweden. Founded in 1477, it is the oldest university in Sweden and the Nordic countries still in operation. The university rose to significance during ...

, Uppsala, Sweden

Career

University Appointments * 1916 Assistant, Department of Physiology, University of Chicago * 1916–1917 Instructor, Pharmacology,

State University of Iowa The University of Iowa (UI, U of I, UIowa, or simply Iowa) is a public research university in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. Founded in 1847, it is the oldest and largest university in the state. The University of Iowa is organized into 12 coll ...

* 1917–1919 Assistant Professor of Physiology, State University of Iowa * 1920–1923 Assistant Professor of Physiology, University of Chicago * 1923–1925 Professor and Head, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Northwestern University * 1925–1930 Associate Professor of Surgery, University of Chicago * 1930–1948 Professor of Surgery, University of Chicago * 1948–1959 Thomas D. Jones Distinguished Service Professor of Surgery and Chairman of the Department of Surgery, University of Chicago * 1959–1975 Research Professor of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville

Membership of organizations and societies

American Organizations and Societies * National Academy of Sciences *

Phi Beta Kappa The Phi Beta Kappa Society () is the oldest academic honor society in the United States, and the most prestigious, due in part to its long history and academic selectivity. Phi Beta Kappa aims to promote and advocate excellence in the liberal ...

Sigma Xi Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society () is a highly prestigious, non-profit honor society for scientists and engineers. Sigma Xi was founded at Cornell University by a junior faculty member and a small group of graduate students in 1886 ...

Alpha Omega Alpha Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society () is an honor society in the field of medicine. Alpha Omega Alpha currently has active Chapters in 132 LCME- accredited medical schools in the United States and Lebanon. It annually elects over 4,000 new ...

* American Association for the Advancement of Science *

American Physiological Society The American Physiological Society is a non-profit professional society for physiologists. It has nearly 10,000 members, most of whom hold doctoral degrees in medicine, physiology or other health professions. Its mission is to support research an ...

* Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine *

American Surgical Association The American Surgical Association is the oldest surgical organization in the United States. History It was founded in 1880. Their publication, ''Annals of Surgery'', was started in 1885. A collection of the association's papers are held at the Nat ...

* American Society for Clinical Surgery *

American Gastroenterological Association The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) is a medical association of gastroenterologists. Approximately 16,000 scientists and physicians are members of the organization. Overview The American Gastroenterological Association is a pr ...

American College of Physicians The American College of Physicians (ACP) is a national organization of internists, who specialize in the diagnosis, treatment, and care of adults.Sokanu "What is an Internist?" Retrieved October 20, 2014 With 161,000 members, ACP is the largest ...

* American College of Surgeons *

American Medical Association The American Medical Association (AMA) is a professional association and lobbying group of physicians and medical students. Founded in 1847, it is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. Membership was approximately 240,000 in 2016. The AMA's sta ...

* Central Surgical Society * Institute of Medicine of Chicago *

American Academy of Arts and Sciences The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (abbreviation: AAA&S) is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States. It was founded in 1780 during the American Revolution by John Adams, John Hancock, James Bowdoin, Andrew Oliver, a ...

* Honorary Member of the Surgical Societies of Seattle, Los Angeles, Detroit, Minneapolis, Southern California, Graduate Surgeons of Los Angeles, and Boston Honorary Memberships in Foreign Organizations and Societies * Surgical Society of Lyons * Surgical Society of Paris * Swedish Surgical Society * Argentine Society of Gastroenterology * Fellow of the

Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (french: Collège royal des médecins et chirurgiens du Canada) is a regulatory college which acts as a national, Non-profit organization, nonprofit organization established in 1929 by a speci ...

* Fellow of the

Royal College of Surgeons of England The Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCS England) is an independent professional body and registered charity that promotes and advances standards of surgical care for patients, and regulates surgery and dentistry in England and Wales. T ...

* National Academy of Medicine of Mexico * Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences of Uppsala, Sweden (Foreign Corresponding Member) * Academy of Surgery of France * Association of Mexican Gastroenterologists

Honors and awards

American Honors and Awards * 1945 Silver Medal of the

for original investigation * 1946 Gold Medal of the Illinois State Medical Society for original investigation * 1950 Gold Medal of the American Medical Association for original investigation * 1961 Samuel D. Gross Prize of the Philadelphia Academy of Surgery * 1963 Distinguished Service Award of the American Medical Association for research, teaching, and surgical practice * 1964 Julius Friedenwald Medal of the

for "Outstanding Achievement in Gastroenterology" * 1964 Golden Plate from the

Academy of Achievement The American Academy of Achievement, colloquially known as the Academy of Achievement, is a non-profit educational organization that recognizes some of the highest achieving individuals in diverse fields and gives them the opportunity to meet ...

* 1964 Henry Jacob Bigelow Medal of the Boston Surgical Society for "Contributions to the Advancement of Surgery" * 1965 Annual Award of the Gastrointestinal Research Foundation * 1969 Distinguished Service Award (the first) and Gold Medal of the American Surgical Association Foreign Honors and Awards * 1953 Honorary Professor of Surgery at the

, Mexico * 1965 Gold Medal of the Surgical Society of Malmo, Sweden * 1967 Royal

Order of the North Star The Royal Order of the Polar Star (Swedish: ''Kungliga Nordstjärneorden'') is a Swedish order of chivalry created by King Frederick I on 23 February 1748, together with the Order of the Sword and the Order of the Seraphim. The Order of the ...

of Sweden, bestowed by the King of Sweden, for "Outstanding Contributions to the Science of Surgery" * 1969 Silver Plaque of the Institute of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition of Mexico City * 1969 Silver Plaque of the Association of Mexican Gastroenterologists

Selected bibliography

These are from the National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir. 1916 * With J. J. Moorhead and F. W. Burcky. ''The nature of the toxemia of intestinal obstruction. Preliminary report.'' Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 14:17-19. 1917 * ''Contributions to the physiology of the stomach. XXXVIII. Gastric juice in duodenal and gastric ulcers.'' J. Am. Med. Assoc, 68:330-33. * With J. J. Moorhead and F. W. Burcky. ''An experimental study of the intoxication in closed intestinal loops.'' J. Exp. Med., 25:421-39. 1922 * ''The pathogenesis of parathyroid tetany.'' J. Am. Med. Assoc, 79: 1593-94. 1923 * ''The pathogenesis of parathyroid tetany.'' Am. J. Physiol., 63:408—9. * With S. C. Peacock. ''Studies on the pathogenesis of tetany. I. The control and cure of parathyroid tetany by diet.'' Am. J. Physiol., 64:424-34. * With S. C. Peacock. ''The influence of parathyroidectomy on gastric secretion.'' Am. J. Physiol., 64:499-502. * With K. Phillips and A. C. Sudan. ''Studies on the pathogenesis of tetany. II. The mechanism involved in recovery from parathyroid tetany.'' Am. J. Physiol., 65:368-78. 1924 * ''The resistance of various tissues to gastric digestion.'' Am. J. Physiol., 68:134. 1926 * With A. C. Sudan. ''Studies on the pathogenesis of tetany. V. The prevention and control of parathyroid tetany by calcium lactate.'' Am. J. Physiol., 77:296-306. * With A. C. Sudan. ''Studies on the pathogenesis of tetany. VII. The prevention and control of parathyroid tetany by the oral administration of kaolin.'' Am. J. Physiol., 77:314—20. 1927 * ''The physiology of the parathyroid glands.'' Physiol. Rev., 7:499-530. 1929 * With J. C. Ellis. ''Effect of liver autolysis in vivo. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med.'', 26:304-5. * With J. C. Ellis. ''Fatal effect of total loss of gastric juice.'' Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 26:305-7. 1930 * With J. C. Ellis. ''Liver autolysis in vivo. Arch. Surg.'', 20:8—16. * With M. L. Montgomery, W. B. Matthews, and J. C. Ellis. ''Fatal effect of the total loss of pancreatic juice.'' Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 28:110-11. 1931 * With M. L. Montgomery, J. C. Ellis, and W. B. Matthews. ''The pathogenesis of acute dilatation of the stomach.'' Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 52:1075-86. 1932 * With W. L. Palmer. ''Direct observations on the mechanism of pain in duodenal ulcer.'' Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 29:753-55. * With W. B. Matthews. ''The etiology of gastric and duodenal ulcer. Experimental Studies.'' Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 55:265—86. 1933 * ''Ulcus acidum of Meckel's diverticulum.'' J. Am. Med. Assoc, 101:20-22. 1934 * With H. E. Haymond and J. C. Ellis. ''Pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (acute pancreatic necrosis).'' Arch. Surg., 28:232-91. 1936 * ''Acid ulcer.'' Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 62:118-20. * With J. Van Prohaska and H. P. Harms. ''Observations on a substance in pancreas (a fat metabolizing hormone) which permits survival and prevents liver changes in depancreatized dogs.'' Am. J. Physiol., 117:175-81. 1938 * ''Lipocaic. A new pancreas hormone.'' Northwest Med., 37:33-36. * With W. C. Goodpasture, C. Vermeulen, and P. B. Donovan. ''The Bromsulphalein liver function test as a method of assay of lipocaic.'' Am. J. Physiol., 124:642-46. 1939 * With C. D. Stewart, D. E. Clark, and S. W. Becker. ''The experimental use of lipocaic in the treatment of psoriasis. A preliminary report.'' J. Invest. Dermatol., 2:219-30. * With P. B. Donovan, D. E. Clark, W. C. Goodpasture, and C. Vermeulen. ''The relation of lipocaic to the blood and liver lipids of depancreatized dogs.'' Am. J. Physiol., 127:755-60. * With C. Vermeulen, W. C. Goodpasture, P. B. Donovan, and W. A. Geer. ''Lipocaic and fatty infiltration of the liver in pancreatic diabetes.'' Arch. Intern. Med., 64:1017-38. 1940 * With D. E. Clark, O. C. Julian, C. Vermeulen, and W. C. Goodpasture. ''Arteriosclerosis in pancreatic diabetes.'' Surgery, 8:353-61. 1942 * With C. Vermeulen, D. E. Clark, O. C. Julian, and J. G. Allen. ''Effect of the administration of lipocaic and cholesterol in rabbits.'' Arch. Surg., 44:260-67. 1943 * With F. M. Owens, Jr. ''Supra-diaphragmatic section of the vagus nerves in treatment of duodenal ulcer.'' Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 53:152-54. 1945 * With T. F. Thornton, Jr. and E. H. Storer. ''Supra-diaphragmatic section of vagus nerves and gastric secretion in patients with peptic ulcer.'' Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 59:140-41. * With D. E. Clark and M. L. Eilert. ''Lipotropic action of lipocaic. A study of the effects of lipocaic, methionine and cystine on dietary fatty livers in the white rat.'' Am. J. Physiol., 144:620-25. 1946 * With M. L. Eilert. ''Lipotropic action of lipocaic: A study of the effect of oral and parenteral lipocaic and oral inositol on the dietary fatty liver of the white rat.'' Am. J. Physiol., 147:346-51. 1948 * With E. R. Woodward, E. B. Tovee, H. A. Oberhelman, Jr., and W. B. Neal, Jr. ''A quantitative study of the effect of vagotomy on gastric secretion in the dog.'' Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 67:350-51. * With E. R. Woodward and R. R. Bigelow. ''Quantitative study of effect of antrum resection on gastric secretion in Pavlov pouch dogs.'' Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 68:473-74. 1950 * With E. R. Woodward, W. B. Neal, Jr., P. V. Harper, Jr., and E. H. Storer. ''Secretory studies on the isolated stomach.'' Arch. Surg. 60:1-20. * With E. R. Woodward and R. R. Bigelow. ''Effect of resection of antrum of stomach on gastric secretion in Pavlov pouch dogs.'' Am. J. Physiol., 162:99-109. 1951 * With H. A. Oberhelman, Jr. and C. A. Smith. ''Experimental gastrojejunal ulcers due to antrum hyperfunction.'' Arch. Surg., 63:298-302. 1952 * With J. M. Zubiran, A. E. Kark, J. A. Montalbetti, and C. J. L. Morel. ''Peptic ulcer and the adrenal stress syndrome.'' Arch. Surg., 65:809-15. 1953 * With S. O. Evans, Jr., J. M. Zubiran, J. D. McCarthy, H. Ragins, and E. R. Woodward. ''Stimulating effect of vagotomy on gastric secretion in Heidenhain pouch dogs.'' Am. J. Physiol., 174:219-25. 1957 * With C. M. Baugh, J. Barcena, and J. Bravo. ''Studies on the site and mechanism of gastrin release.'' Surg. Forum, 7:356—60. * With C. F. Mountain, J. H. Landor, J. D. McCarthy, and P. V. Harper, Jr. ''The secretory effect of gastric transection.'' Surg. Forum, 7:375-79. * With J. Barcena, C. M. Baugh, J. L. Bravo, and C. F. Mountain. ''Effects of total pancreatectomy on gastric secretion.'' Surg. Forum, 7:380-82. 1962 * ''Section of the vagus nerves to the stomach in the treatment of duodenal ulcer.'' In: Surgery of the Stomach and Duodenum, ed. H. N. Harkins and L. M. Nyhus, pp. 461–72. Boston: Little, Brown. 1963 * With E. R. Woodward, C. L. Park, Jr., and H. Schapiro. ''Significance of Meissner's plexus in the gastrin mechanism.'' Arch. Surg., 87:512-15. 1965 * With C. de la Rosa and E. R. Woodward. ''Localization of the gastrinproducing cell.'' Surg. Forum, 16:327-29. 1968 * With D. R. Kemp, F. Herrera-Fernandez, and E. R. Woodward. ''Meissner's plexus and the mechanism of vagal stimulation of gastric secretion.'' Gastroenterology, 55:76-80. 1971 * With J. R. N. Curt, J. Isaza, and E. R. Woodward. ''Potentiation between intestinal and gastric phases of acid secretion in Heidenhain pouches.'' Arch. Surg., 105:709-12. 1973 * With G. Wickbom, M. A. Kamal, and E. R. Woodward. ''Corrosive effects of digestive juices on legs of living frogs.'' Am. Surgeon, 39:571-81. 1974 * With G. Wickbom, F. L. Bushkin, and C. Linares. ''On the corrosive properties of bile and pancreatic juice on living tissue in dogs.'' Arch. Surg., 108:680-84. 1976 * With J. B. Weeks, G. C. Petridis, and E. R. Woodward. ''A simplified method for chemical induction of gastric hypersecretion.'' J. Surg. Res., 21:357-58.

References

External links

Ancestry.com records
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dragstedt, Lester Reynold 1893 births 1975 deaths American surgeons American Surgical Association members University of Iowa faculty University of Chicago faculty Northwestern University faculty University of Florida faculty Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England Order of the Polar Star People from Anaconda, Montana Fellows of the American Gastroenterological Association 20th-century surgeons