HOME

TheInfoList



Click Here for Items Related To - Leonard Rifas
OR:
Leonard Rifas on:   [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Amazon]

Leonard Rifas (b. April 16, 1951) is an American cartoonist, critic, editor, and publisher associated with
underground comix Underground comix are small press or self-published comic books that are often socially relevant or satirical in nature. They differ from mainstream comics in depicting content forbidden to mainstream publications by the Comics Code Authority, ...
,
comics journalism Comics journalism is a form of journalism that covers news or nonfiction events using the framework of comics, a combination of words and drawn images. Typically, sources are actual people featured in each story, and word balloons are actual quo ...
,
left-wing politics Left-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy. Left-wing politics typically involve a concern for those in soc ...
, and the
anti-nuclear movement The anti-nuclear movement is a social movement that opposes various nuclear technologies. Some direct action groups, environmental movements, and professional organisations have identified themselves with the movement at the local, natio ...
. He is notable for his contributions to the form of
minicomics A minicomic is a creator-published comic book, often photocopied and stapled or with a handmade binding. In the United Kingdom and Europe the term small press comic is equivalent with minicomic, reserved for those publications measuring A6 (105&n ...
as well as publishing Japanese manga in the United States. Rifas' publishing company, EduComics, operated most actively from 1976 to 1982. Rifas has written a number of scholarly articles in various journals, on such topics as "the anti-comics movement of the 1950s, the
underground comix Underground comix are small press or self-published comic books that are often socially relevant or satirical in nature. They differ from mainstream comics in depicting content forbidden to mainstream publications by the Comics Code Authority, ...
movement, representations of race, and
Korean War , date = {{Ubl, 25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953 (''de facto'')({{Age in years, months, weeks and days, month1=6, day1=25, year1=1950, month2=7, day2=27, year2=1953), 25 June 1950 – present (''de jure'')({{Age in years, months, weeks a ...
comic books."Leonard Rifas papers, 1982-1999,"
Archives West: Orbis Cascades Alliance. Retrieved Dec. 12, 2022.


Career

Rifas' first published work was a self-published
minicomic A minicomic is a creator-published comic book, often photocopied and stapled or with a handmade binding. In the United Kingdom and Europe the term small press comic is equivalent with minicomic, reserved for those publications measuring A6 (105& ...
called ''Quoz'', published in 1969. Printed by underground publisher
Don Donahue Donald Richard Donahue (May 18, 1942 – October 27, 2010)Levin, Bob"Don Donahue 1942-2010: As Far as Hello,"''The Comics Journal'' website (Nov. 2, 2010). was a comic book publisher, operating under the name Apex Novelties, one of the instig ...
, it is considered one of the first true minicomics. The contents are reprinted in Michael Dowers' ''Treasury of Mini Comics — Volume One'' ( Fantagraphics Books, Oct. 2013) . In the early 1970s, Rifas contributed comics to the underground anthologies ''
San Francisco Comic Book ''San Francisco Comic Book'' was an underground comix anthology published between 1970 and 1983. Conceived of and edited by Gary Arlington, the anthology highlighted the work of many of San Francisco's top underground talents, including Bill Grif ...
'' #1 (
Gary Arlington Gary Edson Arlington (October 7, 1938 – January 16, 2014) was an American retailer, artist, editor, and publisher, who became a key figure in the underground comix movement of the 1960s and 1970s.Yardley, William"Gary Arlington, a Force in Unde ...
, 1970) and ''Hee Hee Comics'' ( Company & Sons, 1970), and then put together ''Gimme'', an underground one-shot mostly scripted by Rifas with art by Rifas and a group of other contributors. Rifas set up EduComics in 1976, ostensibly to publish ''All-Atomic Comics'', an educational comic about "the many dangers of nuclear energy development and operations. The product of two years of work, ''All-Atomic Comics'' was scripted by Rifas, with art by himself and a number of other artists, including
Melinda Gebbie Melinda Gebbie (born 1937) is an American comics artist and writer, known for her participation in the underground comix movement. She is also known for creating the controversial work ''Fresca Zizis'' and her contributions to ''Wimmen's Comix ...
and Larry Rippee. The comic found great success, with an initial print-run of 10,000 copies (and revised editions released in 1977, 1978, 1979, and 1980). ''All-Atomic Comics'' was translated and published in Germany (by a number of different publishers) in the late 1970s. In 1976, Rifas struck up a relationship with Wisconsin-based publisher
Kitchen Sink Press Kitchen Sink Press was a comic book publishing company founded by Denis Kitchen in 1970. Kitchen Sink Press was a pioneering publisher of underground comics, and was also responsible for numerous republications of classic comic strips in hard ...
, which, in conjunction with the
United States Bicentennial The United States Bicentennial was a series of celebrations and observances during the mid-1970s that paid tribute to historical events leading up to the creation of the United States of America as an independent republic. It was a central event ...
, released his ''An Army of Principles'', about "The History and Philosophy of the American Revolution." "An_Army_of_Principles_#[nn
/nowiki>_(1976),_Kitchen_Sink_Press,_1976_Series,".html" ;"title="/nowiki>nn">"An Army of Principles # /nowiki>nn">"An_Army_of_Principles_#[nn
/nowiki>_(1976),_Kitchen_Sink_Press,_1976_Series,"Grand_Comics_Database._Retrieved_Jan._4,_2023._The_36-page_comic_was_mostly_drawn_and_entirely_inked_by_Rifas,_with_some_penciling_assists_by_others. Next,_Rifas_spearheaded_the_anthology_series_''Corporate_Crime''_for_Kitchen_Sink_Press_ Kitchen_Sink_Press_was_a__comic_book_publishing_company_founded_by__Denis_Kitchen_in_1970.__Kitchen_Sink_Press_was_a_pioneering_publisher_of_underground_comics,_and_was_also_responsible_for_numerous_republications_of_classic__comic_strips_in_hard_...
,_the_first_issue_appearing_in_1977_and_the_second_in_1979._''Corporate_Crime''_is_an_early_example_of_Comics_journalism.html" ;"title="/nowiki>nn
/nowiki> (1976), Kitchen Sink Press, 1976 Series,"">/nowiki>nn">"An Army of Principles #[nn
/nowiki> (1976), Kitchen Sink Press, 1976 Series,"Grand Comics Database. Retrieved Jan. 4, 2023. The 36-page comic was mostly drawn and entirely inked by Rifas, with some penciling assists by others. Next, Rifas spearheaded the anthology series ''Corporate Crime'' for
Kitchen Sink Press Kitchen Sink Press was a comic book publishing company founded by Denis Kitchen in 1970. Kitchen Sink Press was a pioneering publisher of underground comics, and was also responsible for numerous republications of classic comic strips in hard ...
, the first issue appearing in 1977 and the second in 1979. ''Corporate Crime'' is an early example of Comics journalism">comics reportage, with a number of notable contributors, including
Greg Irons Greg Irons (September 29, 1947 – November 14, 1984) was an American poster artist, underground cartoonist, animator and tattoo artist. Profile Irons was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He moved to San Francisco, California, in 1967, w ...
,
Trina Robbins Trina Robbins (born Trina Perlson; August 17, 1938, in Brooklyn, New York) is an American cartoonist. She was an early participant in the underground comix movement, and one of the first female artists in that movement. In the 1980s, Robbins beca ...
,
Harry Driggs Harry Driggs (November 3, 1935 — July 14, 2007) was an American artist, graphic designer, political activist, and underground cartoonist. Much of his comix work was published under the name R. Diggs. Driggs was a longtime resident of San Franci ...
,
Guy Colwell Guy Colwell (born March 28, 1945) is an American painter and occasional underground cartoonist. Although not African-American himself, Colwell's comics often portray blacks in strong roles in stories of life on the streets. His " Figurative Soci ...
,
Kim Deitch Kim Deitch (born May 21, 1944 in Los Angeles, California)Donahue, Don and Susan Goodrick, editors. Deitch bio, ''The Apex Treasuet of Underground Comics'' (Apex Novelties, 1974), p. 127. is an American cartoonist who was an important figure in th ...
, Justin Green,
Jay Kinney Jay Kinney (born 1950) is an American author, editor, and former underground cartoonist. Kinney has been noted for "adding new dimensions to the political comic" in the underground comix press of the 1970s and '80s. Kinney was a member, along w ...
,
Denis Kitchen Denis Kitchen (born August 27, 1946) is an American underground cartoonist, publisher, author, agent, and the founder of the Comic Book Legal Defense Fund. Early life Kitchen grew up in Wisconsin, attending William Horlick High School, Racine, ...
, and Larry Gonick.Mackay, Brad. "Behind the rise of investigative cartooning," ''THIS Magazine'' (Jan. 2008)
Archived at Ad Astra Comix
 Meanwhile, Rifas expanded EduComics into a true publisher. From 1978 to 1982, the company released a number of politically oriented educational anthologies (most edited by Rifas) on such topics as motherhood, energy policy, and food production. These anthologies included the work of such underground luminaries as
Trina Robbins Trina Robbins (born Trina Perlson; August 17, 1938, in Brooklyn, New York) is an American cartoonist. She was an early participant in the underground comix movement, and one of the first female artists in that movement. In the 1980s, Robbins beca ...
, Suzy Varty,
Joyce Farmer Joyce Farmer (born 1938 in Los Angeles, California)Vankin, Deborah"R. Crumb: Joyce Farmer’s ''Special Exits'' on par with ''Maus'',""Hero Complex," ''Los Angeles Times'' (November 28, 2010). is an American underground comix cartoonist. She was a ...
,
Robert Crumb Robert Dennis Crumb (; born August 30, 1943) is an American cartoonist and musician who often signs his work R. Crumb. His work displays a nostalgia for American folk culture of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and satire of contem ...
,
Harry Driggs Harry Driggs (November 3, 1935 — July 14, 2007) was an American artist, graphic designer, political activist, and underground cartoonist. Much of his comix work was published under the name R. Diggs. Driggs was a longtime resident of San Franci ...
,
Denis Kitchen Denis Kitchen (born August 27, 1946) is an American underground cartoonist, publisher, author, agent, and the founder of the Comic Book Legal Defense Fund. Early life Kitchen grew up in Wisconsin, attending William Horlick High School, Racine, ...
,
Greg Irons Greg Irons (September 29, 1947 – November 14, 1984) was an American poster artist, underground cartoonist, animator and tattoo artist. Profile Irons was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He moved to San Francisco, California, in 1967, w ...
,
Sharon Rudahl Sharon Rudahl (born 1947) is an American comic artist, illustrator and writer. She was one of the first female artists who contributed to the underground comix movement of the early 1970's. In 1972, she was part of the women's collective that fou ...
, and Harry S. Robins. The company also published a number of works by Japanese cartoonist
Keiji Nakazawa was a Japanese manga artist and writer. Biography Nakazawa was born March 14, 1939 Naka-ku, Hiroshima, Japan and was in the city when it was destroyed by an atomic bomb in August 1945. Most of his family members who had not evacuated died as ...
, making Rifas the first American publisher to publish translated manga. EduComics' second published title was ''Mama! Dramas'', an all-female underground comix anthology about motherhood released in 1978. 1980 was a busy year for EduComics. Leading off was the translation and publication of
Keiji Nakazawa was a Japanese manga artist and writer. Biography Nakazawa was born March 14, 1939 Naka-ku, Hiroshima, Japan and was in the city when it was destroyed by an atomic bomb in August 1945. Most of his family members who had not evacuated died as ...
's historical manga ''
Barefoot Gen is a Japanese historical manga series by Keiji Nakazawa. Loosely based on Nakazawa's own experiences as a Hiroshima survivor, the series begins in 1945 in and around Hiroshima, Japan, where the six-year-old boy Gen Nakaoka liv ...
'' (as ''Gen of Hiroshima''). About Nakazawa's own experiences as a Hiroshima bombing survivor, ''Gen of Hiroshima'' was also the "first full-length translation of a manga from Japanese into English to be published in the West." Also appearing that year was the one-shot anthology ''Energy Comics'', about "the risks and rewards of various energy sources," edited by Rifas. The third EduComics publication of 1980 was ''Food Comix/cs'', a flip comic anthology food injustice, specifically "in the world's food supply and food production industry, as well as the unhealthy dietary choices made by consumers." In 1982, EduComics published ''
I Saw It ''I Saw It: The Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima: A Survivor's True Story'', titled in Japanese, is a one-shot manga by Keiji Nakazawa that first appeared in 1972 as a 48-page feature in the magazine ''Monthly Shōnen Jump''. The story was later pu ...
'', the original predecessor of
Keiji Nakazawa was a Japanese manga artist and writer. Biography Nakazawa was born March 14, 1939 Naka-ku, Hiroshima, Japan and was in the city when it was destroyed by an atomic bomb in August 1945. Most of his family members who had not evacuated died as ...
's ''Barefoot Gen''. In 1988, Rifas put together and edited three issues of ''Itchy Planet'', an anthology of political comics and cartoons published by
Fantagraphics Fantagraphics (previously Fantagraphics Books) is an American publisher of alternative comics, classic comic strip anthologies, manga, magazines, graphic novels, and the erotic Eros Comix imprint. History Founding Fantagraphics was founde ...
. Contributors included David Suter, Larry Gonick,
Joyce Farmer Joyce Farmer (born 1938 in Los Angeles, California)Vankin, Deborah"R. Crumb: Joyce Farmer’s ''Special Exits'' on par with ''Maus'',""Hero Complex," ''Los Angeles Times'' (November 28, 2010). is an American underground comix cartoonist. She was a ...
,
Mary Fleener Mary Fleener (born September 14, 1951) is an American alternative comics artist, writer and musician from Los Angeles. Fleener's drawing style, which she calls ''cubismo'', derives from the cubist aesthetic and other artistic traditions. Her f ...
,
Dennis Worden Dennis Worden is an American comic book writer and artist best known as the creator of the comic book ''Stickboy''. Worden's alternative comics caught the public's attention in the early 1980s, via Robert Crumb's '' Weirdo'' comics anthology, f ...
,
Harry Driggs Harry Driggs (November 3, 1935 — July 14, 2007) was an American artist, graphic designer, political activist, and underground cartoonist. Much of his comix work was published under the name R. Diggs. Driggs was a longtime resident of San Franci ...
,
Peter Kuper Peter Kuper (; born September 22, 1958) is an American alternative comics artist and illustrator, best known for his autobiographical, political, and social observations. Besides his contributions to the political anthology '' World War 3 Illust ...
,
Joyce Brabner Joyce Brabner (born March 1, 1952) Miller, John Jackson"Comics Industry Birthdays" ''Comics Buyer's Guide'', June 10, 2005. Retrieved January 1, 2011WebCitation archive is a writer of political comics and the widow of Harvey Pekar. Biography Br ...
,
Seth Tobocman Seth Tobocman (born 1958) is a radical comic book artist who has been living in Manhattan's Lower East Side since 1978. Tobocman is best known for his creation of the political comic book anthology ''World War 3 Illustrated'', which he started ...
,
Spain Rodriguez Manuel Rodriguez (March 2, 1940 – November 28, 2012), better known as Spain or Spain Rodriguez, was an American underground cartoonist who created the character Trashman. His experiences on the road with the motorcycle club, the Road Vultures M ...
, Norman Dog,
Michael Dougan Michael Dougan is Professor of European Union law, European Law and Jean Monnet Programme, Jean Monnet Chair in EU Law, at the University of Liverpool. He came to the attention of social media users in the United Kingdom when a video of one of his ...
, and Steve Lafler. In the 1990s, Rifas transitioned from cartoonist and editor to academic. He earned an M.A. and a
Ph.D. A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Because it is ...
in Communications from the
University of Washington The University of Washington (UW, simply Washington, or informally U-Dub) is a public research university in Seattle, Washington. Founded in 1861, Washington is one of the oldest universities on the West Coast; it was established in Seattl ...
. His
thesis A thesis ( : theses), or dissertation (abbreviated diss.), is a document submitted in support of candidature for an academic degree or professional qualification presenting the author's research and findings.International Standard ISO 7144: ...
was published in 2021 by McFarland & Company as ''Korean War Comic Books'' (). Returning to his creative roots, in 1995 Rifas found time to plot, co-script, and draw ''Tobacco Comics'', a comic for kids about the risks of smoking. Published by David Bedoll/
Washington Washington commonly refers to: * Washington (state), United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A metonym for the federal government of the United States ** Washington metropolitan area, the metropolitan area centered o ...
Doctors Ought to Care, the front cover art was by
Jim Woodring James William Woodring (born October 11, 1952) is an American cartoonist, fine artist, writer and toy designer. He is best known for the dream-based comics he published in his magazine '' Jim'', and as the creator of the anthropomorphic cartoo ...
. In 1999, he used a
3D graphics 3D computer graphics, or “3D graphics,” sometimes called CGI, 3D-CGI or three-dimensional computer graphics are graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data (often Cartesian) that is stored in the computer for th ...
program to create ''The Big Picture — Visualizing the Global Economy''. Published to support the protests against the
World Trade Organization The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates and facilitates international trade. With effective cooperation in the United Nations System, governments use the organization to establish, revise, and ...
, the comic's characters travel through a landscape that visualizes the world economy. Rifas teaches at
Seattle Central College Seattle Central College is a public college in Seattle, Washington. With North Seattle College and South Seattle College, it is one of the three colleges that comprise the Seattle Colleges District. The college has a substantial internatio ...
, having previously been at the
University of Washington Bothell The University of Washington Bothell (UW Bothell) is a branch campus of University of Washington in Bothell, Washington. It was founded in 1989 and is located just northwest of the junction of Interstate 405 and State Route 522, and it shares ...
.


Comics bibliography

; As writer/artist, unless otherwise noted * ''Quoz'' (self-published, 1969) * "Freedom," in ''
San Francisco Comic Book ''San Francisco Comic Book'' was an underground comix anthology published between 1970 and 1983. Conceived of and edited by Gary Arlington, the anthology highlighted the work of many of San Francisco's top underground talents, including Bill Grif ...
'' #1 (
Gary Arlington Gary Edson Arlington (October 7, 1938 – January 16, 2014) was an American retailer, artist, editor, and publisher, who became a key figure in the underground comix movement of the 1960s and 1970s.Yardley, William"Gary Arlington, a Force in Unde ...
, 1970) * 1-pager, ''Hee Hee Comics'' ( Company & Sons, 1970) * ''Gimme'' (Head Imports, 1972) — mostly scripted by Rifas with art by Rifas, Nick Ciampi, Bob Garcia, Larry Rippee, Phil Collins, and Charly Price * ''All-Atomic Comics'' (EduComics, Sept. 1976) — script by Rifas with his own art and additional contributions from Peter Weber, Shelby Sampson, Larry Rippee, Kevin Brady,
Melinda Gebbie Melinda Gebbie (born 1937) is an American comics artist and writer, known for her participation in the underground comix movement. She is also known for creating the controversial work ''Fresca Zizis'' and her contributions to ''Wimmen's Comix ...
, Roger May, Marc Miyashiro, Moria Wright, Delores Thom, and Ray Kott ** Translated and published in German: *** ''Atomkomix'' (Bremen: Ulli Jenkins, 1976) *** ''U-Comix Extra'' #11, (Volksverlag, 1977) *** ''Atom Comic'' (Bürgerinitiative Lübeck gegen Kernenergiegefahren, 1978) *** ''Atom Comic'' (Nexus, 1980) * ''An Army of Principles'' (
Kitchen Sink Press Kitchen Sink Press was a comic book publishing company founded by Denis Kitchen in 1970. Kitchen Sink Press was a pioneering publisher of underground comics, and was also responsible for numerous republications of classic comic strips in hard ...
, 1976) — written, mostly drawn, and entirely inked by Rifas, with some penciling by Larry Rippee, Moria Wright, Charly Price, and Alice Dubiel * (editor) ''Corporate Crime'' (2 issues, Kitchen Sink Press, 1977 & 1979) — contributors include
Greg Irons Greg Irons (September 29, 1947 – November 14, 1984) was an American poster artist, underground cartoonist, animator and tattoo artist. Profile Irons was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He moved to San Francisco, California, in 1967, w ...
,
Trina Robbins Trina Robbins (born Trina Perlson; August 17, 1938, in Brooklyn, New York) is an American cartoonist. She was an early participant in the underground comix movement, and one of the first female artists in that movement. In the 1980s, Robbins beca ...
,
Harry Driggs Harry Driggs (November 3, 1935 — July 14, 2007) was an American artist, graphic designer, political activist, and underground cartoonist. Much of his comix work was published under the name R. Diggs. Driggs was a longtime resident of San Franci ...
,
Guy Colwell Guy Colwell (born March 28, 1945) is an American painter and occasional underground cartoonist. Although not African-American himself, Colwell's comics often portray blacks in strong roles in stories of life on the streets. His " Figurative Soci ...
,
Kim Deitch Kim Deitch (born May 21, 1944 in Los Angeles, California)Donahue, Don and Susan Goodrick, editors. Deitch bio, ''The Apex Treasuet of Underground Comics'' (Apex Novelties, 1974), p. 127. is an American cartoonist who was an important figure in th ...
, Justin Green,
Jay Kinney Jay Kinney (born 1950) is an American author, editor, and former underground cartoonist. Kinney has been noted for "adding new dimensions to the political comic" in the underground comix press of the 1970s and '80s. Kinney was a member, along w ...
,
Denis Kitchen Denis Kitchen (born August 27, 1946) is an American underground cartoonist, publisher, author, agent, and the founder of the Comic Book Legal Defense Fund. Early life Kitchen grew up in Wisconsin, attending William Horlick High School, Racine, ...
, and Larry Gonick * "T.V. Opiate of the People," in ''Dope Comix'' #1 (Kitchen Sink Press, Feb. 1978) * (editor) ''Energy Comics'' (EduComics, Jan. 1980) — contributors include
Denis Kitchen Denis Kitchen (born August 27, 1946) is an American underground cartoonist, publisher, author, agent, and the founder of the Comic Book Legal Defense Fund. Early life Kitchen grew up in Wisconsin, attending William Horlick High School, Racine, ...
,
Joyce Farmer Joyce Farmer (born 1938 in Los Angeles, California)Vankin, Deborah"R. Crumb: Joyce Farmer’s ''Special Exits'' on par with ''Maus'',""Hero Complex," ''Los Angeles Times'' (November 28, 2010). is an American underground comix cartoonist. She was a ...
,
Greg Irons Greg Irons (September 29, 1947 – November 14, 1984) was an American poster artist, underground cartoonist, animator and tattoo artist. Profile Irons was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He moved to San Francisco, California, in 1967, w ...
,
Robert Crumb Robert Dennis Crumb (; born August 30, 1943) is an American cartoonist and musician who often signs his work R. Crumb. His work displays a nostalgia for American folk culture of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and satire of contem ...
,
Sharon Rudahl Sharon Rudahl (born 1947) is an American comic artist, illustrator and writer. She was one of the first female artists who contributed to the underground comix movement of the early 1970's. In 1972, she was part of the women's collective that fou ...
,
Harry Driggs Harry Driggs (November 3, 1935 — July 14, 2007) was an American artist, graphic designer, political activist, and underground cartoonist. Much of his comix work was published under the name R. Diggs. Driggs was a longtime resident of San Franci ...
, and Rifas * (editor) ''Food Comix/cs'' (EduComics, Oct. 1980) — contributors include
Harry Driggs Harry Driggs (November 3, 1935 — July 14, 2007) was an American artist, graphic designer, political activist, and underground cartoonist. Much of his comix work was published under the name R. Diggs. Driggs was a longtime resident of San Franci ...
, Akira Narita,
Robert Crumb Robert Dennis Crumb (; born August 30, 1943) is an American cartoonist and musician who often signs his work R. Crumb. His work displays a nostalgia for American folk culture of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and satire of contem ...
,
Steve Leialoha Steve Leialoha (born January 27, 1952) is an American comics artist whose work first came to prominence in the 1970s. He has worked primarily as an inker, though occasionally as a penciller, for several publishers, including Marvel Comics and late ...
,
Trina Robbins Trina Robbins (born Trina Perlson; August 17, 1938, in Brooklyn, New York) is an American cartoonist. She was an early participant in the underground comix movement, and one of the first female artists in that movement. In the 1980s, Robbins beca ...
, Harry S. Robins, and Rifas * ''Food First Comics'' ( Institute for Food and Development Policy, 1982) — cover by
Steve Leialoha Steve Leialoha (born January 27, 1952) is an American comics artist whose work first came to prominence in the 1970s. He has worked primarily as an inker, though occasionally as a penciller, for several publishers, including Marvel Comics and late ...
, short contribution from Larry RippeeFox, M. Steven
"Food First Comics,"
ComixJoint. Retrieved Jan. 4, 2023. * "A Typical Hippie Dope," in ''Dope Comix'' #2 (Kitchen Sink Press, June 1982) — collaboration with Moria Wright Peters and Rusty Wright * ''The Big Picture — Visualizing the Global Economy'' (EduComics, 1999) ; As publisher * ''Mama! Dramas'' (June 1978) — anthology edited by
Trina Robbins Trina Robbins (born Trina Perlson; August 17, 1938, in Brooklyn, New York) is an American cartoonist. She was an early participant in the underground comix movement, and one of the first female artists in that movement. In the 1980s, Robbins beca ...
, with stories from the likes of Robbins, Suzy Varty, and
Joyce Farmer Joyce Farmer (born 1938 in Los Angeles, California)Vankin, Deborah"R. Crumb: Joyce Farmer’s ''Special Exits'' on par with ''Maus'',""Hero Complex," ''Los Angeles Times'' (November 28, 2010). is an American underground comix cartoonist. She was a ...
* '' Gen of Hiroshima'' (2 issues, Jan. 1980–Apr. 1981) — by
Keiji Nakazawa was a Japanese manga artist and writer. Biography Nakazawa was born March 14, 1939 Naka-ku, Hiroshima, Japan and was in the city when it was destroyed by an atomic bomb in August 1945. Most of his family members who had not evacuated died as ...
* ''
I Saw It ''I Saw It: The Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima: A Survivor's True Story'', titled in Japanese, is a one-shot manga by Keiji Nakazawa that first appeared in 1972 as a 48-page feature in the magazine ''Monthly Shōnen Jump''. The story was later pu ...
'' (Dec. 1982) — by Keiji Nakazawa


References


Sources


Rifas entry
Lambiek's Comiclopedia. Retrieved Dec. 8, 2022. * Rifas interview, ''
The Comics Journal ''The Comics Journal'', often abbreviated ''TCJ'', is an American magazine of news and criticism pertaining to comic books, comic strips and graphic novels. Known for its lengthy interviews with comic creators, pointed editorials and scathing r ...
'
#92
(Aug. 1984).


External links


Leonard Rifas papers, 1982-1999
Archives West * {{DEFAULTSORT:Rifas, Gary 1951 births American academics American magazine editors American publishers (people) Underground cartoonists Living people