Leningradsky
Prospekt (russian: Ленингра́дский проспе́кт), or Leningrad Avenue, is a major arterial avenue in
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
. It continues the path of
Tverskaya Street
Tverskaya Street ( rus, Тверская улица, p=tvʲɪrˈskajə ˈulʲɪt͡sə), known between 1935 and 1990 as Gorky Street (russian: улица Горького), is the main radial street in Moscow. The street runs Northwest from th ...
and
1st Tverskaya-Yamskaya Street north-west from
Belorussky Rail Terminal, and changes the name once again to
Leningrad Highway
Leningradskoye Highway (russian: Ленинградское шоссе) is a part of M10 highway (Russia), M10 federal highway Moscow – Saint Petersburg inside Moscow. One of the major thruways of Russia's capital, it connects Moscow with seve ...
past the
Sokol
The Sokol movement (, ''falcon'') is an all-age gymnastics organization first founded in Prague in the Czech region of Austria-Hungary in 1862 by Miroslav Tyrš and Jindřich Fügner. It was based upon the principle of " a strong mind in a so ...
metro station. The Highway continues its way to
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
via
Tver
Tver ( rus, Тверь, p=tvʲerʲ) is a city and the administrative centre of Tver Oblast, Russia. It is northwest of Moscow. Population:
Tver was formerly the capital of a powerful medieval state and a model provincial town in the Russian ...
(not unlike
Moskovsky Prospekt
Moskovsky Prospekt (russian: Моско́вский проспе́кт, ''Moskovsky Avenue'') is a 10 km-long prospekt in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It runs from Sennaya Square and Sadovaya Street, to Victory Square, where it splits into ...
in Saint Petersburg, which is named after, and leads to, Moscow).
Until 1957, Leningradsky Prospekt was part of
Leningrad Highway
Leningradskoye Highway (russian: Ленинградское шоссе) is a part of M10 highway (Russia), M10 federal highway Moscow – Saint Petersburg inside Moscow. One of the major thruways of Russia's capital, it connects Moscow with seve ...
(Petersburg Highway prior to 1924). Both avenues retain their
Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 19 ...
-related names after the reinstatement of the historical Saint Petersburg name.
History
The old road to
Tver
Tver ( rus, Тверь, p=tvʲerʲ) is a city and the administrative centre of Tver Oblast, Russia. It is northwest of Moscow. Population:
Tver was formerly the capital of a powerful medieval state and a model provincial town in the Russian ...
, changing its course over Middle Ages, settled in its present site in the 16th century. The name ''Peterburskoye Schosse'' (Highway) was established when the road was properly paved between 1786 and 1790.
The most important historical building on the road,
Gothic Revival
Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic, neo-Gothic, or Gothick) is an architectural movement that began in the late 1740s in England. The movement gained momentum and expanded in the first half of the 19th century, as increasingly ...
Petrovsky Palace
Petrovsky Palace or Petroff Palace, is a palace located in Moscow on Leningradsky Prospect. It was founded in 1780 under the orders of Catherine the Great.
History
Construction of the palace
In the 1770s Catherine the Great decided to bu ...
, was built in 1776–1780 by
Matvey Kazakov
Matvey Fyodorovich Kazakov (russian: Матве́й Фёдорович Казако́в, 1738 – 7 November 1812) was a Russian Neoclassical architect. Kazakov was one of the most influential Muscovite architects during the reign of Catherine ...
as the last station of royal journeys from Saint Petersburg to Moscow. Coaches for lesser classes arrived and departed from Vsekhsvyatskoye village near present-day
Sokol
The Sokol movement (, ''falcon'') is an all-age gymnastics organization first founded in Prague in the Czech region of Austria-Hungary in 1862 by Miroslav Tyrš and Jindřich Fügner. It was based upon the principle of " a strong mind in a so ...
metro station.
In the 1830s, general
Alexander Bashilov
Alexander Alexandrovich Bashilov (russian: Александр Александрович Башилов) (August 31, 1777 in Hlukhiv - December 31, 1847 in Moscow) was a Russian general officer of Napoleonic Wars period, later engaged in urban pla ...
, then employed by the Governor of Moscow, planned the first regular grid of city streets north from Petrovsky Palace; two streets in the area still retain Bashilov's name. Territories south of the highway -
Khodynka Field
Khodynka Field (russian: Ходынское поле, ''Khodynskoye pole'') is a large open space in the north-west of Moscow, at the beginning of the present day Leningradsky Prospect. It takes its name from the small Khodynka River which used t ...
- were used mostly for military training. Bashilov also laid down the
boulevard
A boulevard is a type of broad avenue planted with rows of trees, or in parts of North America, any urban highway.
Boulevards were originally circumferential roads following the line of former city walls.
In American usage, boulevards may ...
s along the highway; some of them remain to date. Soon, the beginning of Petersburg Highway turned into an upper-class recreation area, with country restaurants and
racetrack
A race track (racetrack, racing track or racing circuit) is a facility built for racing of vehicles, athletes, or animals (e.g. horse racing or greyhound racing). A race track also may feature grandstands or concourses. Race tracks are also u ...
(completed in 1883). Smolensky Rail station (forerunner of present-day
Belorussky Rail Terminal) was inaugurated in 1870. Between 1882 and 1896, Khodynka housed the national Exhibition of Industry and Arts, later transferred to the
Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod ( ; rus, links=no, Нижний Новгород, a=Ru-Nizhny Novgorod.ogg, p=ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj ˈnovɡərət ), colloquially shortened to Nizhny, from the 13th to the 17th century Novgorod of the Lower Land, formerly known as Gork ...
fairground.
In the 1890s-1900s, the highway was gradually urbanized, with factories and residential quarters, ranging from working-class barracks to luxury country homes of the Morozov family,
Nikolay Eichenwald and
Fyodor Schechtel
Fyodor Osipovich Schechtel (russian: Фёдор О́сипович Ше́хтель; August 7, 1859 – July 7, 1926) was a Russian architect, graphic artist and stage designer, the most influential and prolific master of Russian Art Nouveau and ...
.
Modern history
The
Sokol Settlement of single-family homes, built in early 1920s near the junction of Petersburg and Volokolamsk highway, remains one of the last two single-family neighborhoods in Moscow (the other one is
Serebryany Bor
Serebryany Bor (russian: Серебряный Бор) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
;Urban localities
*Serebryany Bor, Sakha Republic, an urban-type settlement in Neryungrinsky District of the Sakha Republic
;Rural loca ...
).
Since the 1910s,
Khodynka has been used as Moscow's airfield, and housed Moscow's Central Airport until the 1950s; irregular
DOSAAF
DOSAAF (russian: ДОСААФ), full name ''Volunteer Society for Cooperation with the Army, Aviation, and Navy'' (russian: Добровольное общество содействия армии, авиации и флоту), was a parami ...
flights continued until the 1980s. Leningradsky Highway (beyond city limits) is now home to
Sheremetyevo Airport
Sheremetyevo Alexander S. Pushkin International Airport ( rus, links=no, Международный аэропорт Шереметьево имени А. С. Пушкина, p=ʂɨrʲɪˈmʲetʲjɪvə ''Mezhdunarodny aeroport Sheremetyevo imen ...
, the largest airport in Moscow, which makes the avenue connecting the city center with the highway an even more important street in Moscow. Local transportation developed from
tram
A tram (called a streetcar or trolley in North America) is a rail vehicle that travels on tramway tracks on public urban streets; some include segments on segregated right-of-way. The tramlines or networks operated as public transport are ...
s (1901–2005) to
trolleybus
A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tramin the 1910s and 1920sJoyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). ''British Trolleybus Systems'', pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing. .or troll ...
es (1933) and subway (1938).
Leningradsky Prospekt itself is home to the future
Dynamo Stadium Dynamo Stadium or Dinamo Stadium is a stadium that often associated with the Dynamo (sports society).
It may also refer to:
Albania
* Selman Stërmasi Stadium, Tirana, formerly "Dinamo Stadium"
Belarus
*Dinamo Stadium (Brest), Belarus
*Dinamo St ...
and
CSKA Moscow
CSKA Moscow (russian: ЦСКА Москва) is a Russian sports club based in Moscow. It was created in 1911 in the Russian Empire on base of OLLS (Skiing Society, founded 1901). Later, during the Soviet Union, Soviet era, it was a central piece ...
's
winter
Winter is the coldest season of the year in polar and temperate climates. It occurs after autumn and before spring. The tilt of Earth's axis causes seasons; winter occurs when a hemisphere is oriented away from the Sun. Different cultures ...
and
basketball
Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular Basketball court, court, compete with the primary objective of #Shooting, shooting a basketball (ball), basketball (appr ...
arenas. Educational institutions include:
*
Moscow Aviation Institute
Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University) (MAI; russian: Московский авиационный институт, МАИ) is one of the major engineering institutes in Moscow, Russia. Since its inception MAI has been spearhe ...
*
State Financial Academy
*
Moscow Automobile Road Institute
*
Moscow Food Institute
Notable buildings include the
Triumph-Palace
Triumph Palace (russian: Триу́мф-Пала́с, Romanization of Russian, transliterated as ''Triumf Palas'') is the tallest apartment building in Moscow and all of Europe. It is sometimes called the Eighth Sister because it is similar in app ...
skyscraper and the 1730s
baroque
The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including t ...
Church of All Saints
photographs near the Sokol station. Its bell tower is one of Russia's
leaning tower
This is a list of leaning towers. A leaning tower is a tower which, either intentionally or unintentionally (due to errors in design, construction, or subsequent external influence such as unstable ground), does not stand perpendicular to the g ...
s.
Highway construction, 2005–2008
Since 2005, the city of Moscow is engaged in a multi-billion project of converting Leningradsky
arterial
An artery (plural arteries) () is a blood vessel in humans and most animals that takes blood away from the heart to one or more parts of the body (tissues, lungs, brain etc.). Most arteries carry oxygenated blood; the two exceptions are the pul ...
, from downtown
Tverskaya Street
Tverskaya Street ( rus, Тверская улица, p=tvʲɪrˈskajə ˈulʲɪt͡sə), known between 1935 and 1990 as Gorky Street (russian: улица Горького), is the main radial street in Moscow. The street runs Northwest from th ...
to
MKAD
The Moscow Automobile Ring Road (russian: link=no, Московская кольцевая автомобильная дорога, Moskovskaja koltsevaya avtomobilnaya doroga), or MKAD (), is a ring road running predominantly on the city borde ...
, into a 12-lane, non-stop freeway with
frontage road
A frontage road (also known as an access road, outer road, service road, feeder road, or parallel road) is a local road running parallel to a higher-speed, limited-access road. A frontage road is often used to provide access to private drivew ...
s. Authorities declare the goal is improving transportation to remote districts beyond MKAD and Sheremetyevo Airport, however, the worst bottleneck on the road, in the city of
Khimki
Khimki ( rus, Химки, p=ˈxʲimkʲɪ) is a city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, 18.25 kilometres northwest of central Moscow, and immediately beyond the Moscow city boundary.
History Origins and formation
Khimki was initially a railway station tha ...
, is not addressed at all. In addition, the project began with irreversible destruction of the public
tram
A tram (called a streetcar or trolley in North America) is a rail vehicle that travels on tramway tracks on public urban streets; some include segments on segregated right-of-way. The tramlines or networks operated as public transport are ...
route along the Prospekt. In March, 2006, the approved project stages were valued at 57 billion
rouble
The ruble (American English) or rouble (Commonwealth English) (; rus, рубль, p=rublʲ) is the currency unit of Belarus and Russia. Historically, it was the currency of the Russian Empire and of the Soviet Union.
, currencies named '' ...
s (2.1 billion
US Dollar
The United States dollar (symbol: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ or U.S. Dollar, to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies; referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, American dollar, or colloquially buck) is the official ...
s
the city has placed an absolute cap on this project at 1 trillion roubles (38 billion US dollars).
The plan includes the following stages (from city center to MKAD):
* Central segment (starting Q2, 2007 to be completed 2009
** Redevelopment of
Pushkin Square
Pushkinskaya Square or Pushkin Square () is a pedestrian open space in the Tverskoy District in central Moscow. Historically, it was known as ''Strastnaya Square'' before being renamed for Alexander Pushkin in 1937.
It is located at the juncti ...
with tunnels and shopping space
** Redevelopment of
Triumphalnaya Square
** Redevelopment of
Belorussky Rail Terminal Square
** Tunnel between
Pushkin Square
Pushkinskaya Square or Pushkin Square () is a pedestrian open space in the Tverskoy District in central Moscow. Historically, it was known as ''Strastnaya Square'' before being renamed for Alexander Pushkin in 1937.
It is located at the juncti ...
and
Belorussky Rail Terminal
** Rearranging traffic in parallel Brestky Streets, Bronnaya Streets etc.
* Leningradsky Prospekt segment
** Additional
overpass at the
Third Ring crossing (completed 2006)
** Tunnel near
Dinamo (Metro) (completed December 2006)
** Tunnel near
Aeroport (Metro) with ramps to
Khodynka residential district (completed February, 200
** Raised overpass connecting the Prospekt with Leningradsky Highway (to be completed 2008)
* Leningradsky Highway segment (not completed 2013)
** Redevelopment near
Voykovskaya (Moscow Metro), Voykovskaya
** Non-stop crossing with
Festivalnaya Street
** Construction of a second five-lane
Leningradsky Bridge
** Rebuilding
MKAD
The Moscow Automobile Ring Road (russian: link=no, Московская кольцевая автомобильная дорога, Moskovskaja koltsevaya avtomobilnaya doroga), or MKAD (), is a ring road running predominantly on the city borde ...
crossing (completed 2013)
So far, there are no definite plans of reconstructing the highway in
Khimki
Khimki ( rus, Химки, p=ˈxʲimkʲɪ) is a city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, 18.25 kilometres northwest of central Moscow, and immediately beyond the Moscow city boundary.
History Origins and formation
Khimki was initially a railway station tha ...
. There are plans to build a bypass private
toll road
A toll road, also known as a turnpike or tollway, is a public or private road (almost always a controlled-access highway in the present day) for which a fee (or ''toll'') is assessed for passage. It is a form of road pricing typically implemented ...
to the airport currently in design stage.
Public transportation access
Daytime traffic is frequently paralyzed by construction detours, thus the only reliable transportation is through
Zamoskvoretskaya Line
The Zamoskvoretskaya line (russian: link=no, Замоскворе́цкая ли́ния, ), formerly Gorkovsko–Zamoskvoretskaya () (Line 2), is a line of the Moscow Metro. Opened in 1938, chronologically it became the third line. There are 24 ...
of
Moscow Metro
The Moscow Metro) is a metro system serving the Russian capital of Moscow as well as the neighbouring cities of Krasnogorsk, Reutov, Lyubertsy and Kotelniki in Moscow Oblast. Opened in 1935 with one line and 13 stations, it was the first unde ...
(
Belorusskaya to
Sokol
The Sokol movement (, ''falcon'') is an all-age gymnastics organization first founded in Prague in the Czech region of Austria-Hungary in 1862 by Miroslav Tyrš and Jindřich Fügner. It was based upon the principle of " a strong mind in a so ...
).
References
* П.В.Сытин, "Из истории московских улиц", М, 1948
Construction schedule in EnglishPushkin Square Under Threat - The Moscow Times
External links
{{coord, 55, 47, 34, N, 37, 32, 54, E, region:RU_type:landmark_source:kolossus-ruwiki, display=title
Streets in Moscow