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Rouble
The ruble (American English) or rouble (Commonwealth English) (; rus, рубль, p=rublʲ) is the currency unit of Belarus and Russia. Historically, it was the currency of the Russian Empire and of the Soviet Union. , currencies named ''ruble'' in circulation include the Belarusian ruble (BYN, Rbl) in Belarus and the Russian ruble (RUB, ₽) in Russia. Additionally, the Transnistrian ruble is used in Transnistria, an unrecognized breakaway province of Moldova. These currencies are subdivided into one hundred kopeks. No kopek is currently formally subdivided, although ''denga'' (½ kopek) and ''polushka'' (½ denga, thus ¼ kopek) were minted until the 19th century. Historically, the grivna, ruble and denga were used in Russia as measurements of weight. In 1704, as a result of monetary reforms by Peter the Great, the ruble became the first decimal currency. The silver ruble was used until 1897 and the gold ruble was used until 1917. The Soviet ruble officially replaced t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Ruble
The ruble or rouble (russian: рубль) was the currency of the Soviet Union, introduced in 1922, replacing the Imperial Russian ruble. One ruble was divided into 100 kopecks ( – ''kopeyka'', ''kopeyki''). Soviet banknotes and coins were produced by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise (or Goznak) in Moscow and Leningrad. In addition to regular cash rubles, other types of rubles were also issued, such as several forms of ''convertible ruble'', transferable ruble, clearing ruble, Vneshtorgbank cheque, etc.; also, several forms of virtual rubles (called "cashless ruble", ) were used for inter-enterprise accounting and international settlement in the Comecon zone. In 1991, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Soviet ruble continued to be used in the post-Soviet states, forming a "ruble zone", until it was replaced with the Russian ruble in September 1993. Etymology The word ''ruble'' is derived from the Slavic verb , ''rubit''', i.e., 'to chop'. Historically, a " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transnistrian Ruble
The rubla ( ro, рублэ, rublă, , plural ruble; russian: рубль) is the currency of Transnistria and is divided into 100 ''kopecks''. It is also known as the rouble in Commonwealth English or ruble in American English. Since Transnistria is a polity with no credible international recognition and formally part of Moldova, its currency has no ISO 4217 code. However, unofficially some Transnistrian organisations, such as Agroprombank and Gazprombank, used the code PRB, a code reserved for Puerto Rico (ISO 3166-1 country code "PR"). The Transnistrian Republican Bank sometimes uses the code RUP, a code reserved for Russia (ISO 3166-1 country code "RU"). First rubla (1994) Soviet banknotes were used in the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic after its formation in 1990. When the former Soviet republics began issuing their own currencies, Transnistria was flooded with Soviet roubles. In an attempt to protect its financial system, in July 1993, the Transnistrian government boug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Ruble
''hum''; cv, тенкĕ ''tenke''; kv, шайт ''shayt''; Lak: къуруш ''k'urush''; Mari: теҥге ''tenge''; os, сом ''som''; tt-Cyrl, сум ''sum''; udm, манет ''manet''; sah, солкуобай ''solkuobay'' , name_abbr = руб, Rbl , image_1 = Banknote_5000_rubles_2010_front.jpg , image_title_1 = banknote of the current series , image_2 = Rouble coins.png , image_title_2 = Coins , iso_code = RUB , date_of_introduction = 14 July 1992:RUR (1 SUR = 1 RUR)1 January 1998:RUB (1,000 RUR = 1 RUB) , replaced_currency = Soviet ruble (SUR) , using_countries = , unofficial_users = , inflation_rate = 12.0% (November 2022) , inflation_source_date Bank of Russia, inflation_method = CPI , unit = ruble , subunit_ratio_1 = , subunit_name_1 = kopeyka (копейка) ''tiyen''; ba, тин ''tin''; cv, пус ''pus''; os, капекк ''kapekk''; udm, коны ''kony''; Mari: ыр ''yr''; sah, харчы ''harchy'' , symbo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tajikistani Ruble
The ruble ( tg, рубл) was the currency of Tajikistan between 10 May 1995 and 29 October 2000. It was ostensibly subdivided into 100 '' tanga'', although no coins or banknotes were issued denominated in tanga. The currency was only issued as paper money, with denominations to up to 10,000 rubles. History Like a number of other republics of the former Soviet Union, Tajikistan continued using the Soviet and Russian rubles for a few years after independence. On 26 July 1993, when the new Russian ruble was issued, old Soviet rubles ceased to be legal tender in Russia.The Global History of Currencies - Russia In Tajikistan, pre-1993 Soviet rubles ceased to be legal tender on 8 January 1994. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. The rise of the Russian Empire coincided with the decline of neighbouring rival powers: the Swedish Empire, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Qajar Iran, the Ottoman Empire, and Qing China. It also held colonies in North America between 1799 and 1867. Covering an area of approximately , it remains the third-largest empire in history, surpassed only by the British Empire and the Mongol Empire; it ruled over a population of 125.6 million people per the 1897 Russian census, which was the only census carried out during the entire imperial period. Owing to its geographic extent across three continents at its peak, it featured great ethnic, linguistic, religious, and economic diversity. From the 10th–17th centuries, the land ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Post-Soviet States
The post-Soviet states, also known as the former Soviet Union (FSU), the former Soviet Republics and in Russia as the near abroad (russian: links=no, ближнее зарубежье, blizhneye zarubezhye), are the 15 sovereign states that were union republics of the Soviet Union, which emerged and re-emerged from the Soviet Union following its dissolution in 1991. Russia is the primary ''de facto'' internationally recognized successor state to the Soviet Union after the Cold War; while Ukraine has, by law, proclaimed that it is a state-successor of both the Ukrainian SSR and the Soviet Union which remained under dispute over formerly Soviet-owned properties. The three Baltic states – Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania – were the first to declare their independence from the USSR, between March and May 1990, claiming continuity from the original states that existed prior to their annexation by the Soviet Union in 1940. The remaining 12 republics all subsequently seceded, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moldova
Moldova ( , ; ), officially the Republic of Moldova ( ro, Republica Moldova), is a Landlocked country, landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The List of states with limited recognition, unrecognised state of Transnistria lies across the Dniester river on the country's eastern border with Ukraine. Moldova's Capital city, capital and largest city is Chișinău. Most of Moldovan territory was a part of the Principality of Moldavia from the 14th century until 1812, when it was Treaty of Bucharest (1812), ceded to the Russian Empire by the Ottoman Empire (to which Moldavia was a Vassal state of the Ottoman Empire, vassal state) and became known as Bessarabia. In 1856, southern Bessarabia was returned to Moldavia, which three years later united with Wallachia to form United Principalities, Romania, but Russian rule was restored over the whole of the region in 1878. During the 1917 Russian Revolution, B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latvian Ruble
The ruble ( lv, rublis) was the currency of Latvia from 1919 to 1922 and again from 1992 to 1993. First ruble After the proclamation of the Republic of Latvia in 1918, a great variety of different currencies were in circulation: ostrubels, German ostmark, ostmarks, papiermarks, the so-called ''Tsar rubles'', the so-called ''Duma Money'' and ''Kerenkas'', as well as promissory notes issued by several town municipalities. On 4 February 1919, the Latvian Provisional Government authorized the Minister of Finance to issue the first currency notes of the Republic of Latvia: Treasury notes. They were denominated in rubles (Latvian language, Latvian: ''rublis'', plural: ''rubļi'' or ''rubłı'') and kopecks (Latvian: ''kapeika'', plural nominative: ''kapeikas'', plural genitive: ''kapeiku''). On 27 March 1919 the exchange rates for the Latvian ruble were fixed at 1 German ostmark, ostmark, 2 papiermarks and 1.5 Ruble#Imperial ruble, imperial rubles. Between April 1919 and September 1922 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belarusian Ruble
The ruble ( be, рубель ''rubeĺ’''; Currency symbol, Abbreviation: Rbl (plural: Rbls); ISO 4217, ISO code: BYN) is the currency of Belarus. It is also known as the rubel, or in Commonwealth English as the rouble. The ruble is subdivided into 100 Kopeck, copecks (sometimes written as ''kopecks''; be, капейка ''kapeyka''). History First ruble, 1992–2000 As a result of the breakup of the supply chain in the former Soviet Union, Soviet Enterprises in the Soviet Union, enterprises, goods started to be bought and sold in the Market (economics), market, often requiring Cash, cash settlement. The Belarusian unit of the Gosbank, USSR State Bank had neither the capacity nor the licence to print Soviet banknotes, so the government decided to introduce its own national currency to ease the cash situation. The German word ''Thaler'' ( be, талер), divided into 100 ''Groschen'' ( be, грош) was suggested as the name for a Belarusian currency, but the Communist majority ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Federation
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eighth of Earth's inhabitable landmass. Russia extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and shares Borders of Russia, land boundaries with fourteen countries, more than List of countries and territories by land borders, any other country but China. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, world's ninth-most populous country and List of European countries by population, Europe's most populous country, with a population of 146 million people. The country's capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city is Moscow, the List of European cities by population within city limits, largest city entirely within E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Ossetia
South Ossetia, ka, სამხრეთი ოსეთი, ( , ), officially the Republic of South Ossetia – the State of Alania, is a partially recognised landlocked state in the South Caucasus. It has an officially stated population of just over 56,500 people (2022), who live in an area of , on the south side of the Greater Caucasus mountain range, with 33,000 living in the capital city, Tskhinvali. Only Russia, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Nauru, and Syria recognise South Ossetia as a sovereign state. Although Georgia does not control South Ossetia, the Georgian government and the United Nations consider the territory part of Georgia. Georgia does not recognise the existence of South Ossetia as a political entity, and the territory comprising South Ossetia does not correspond to any Georgian administrative area (although Georgian authorities have set up the Provisional Administration of South Ossetia as a transitional measure leading to the settlement of South Ossetia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birch Bark Manuscript
Birch bark manuscripts are documents written on pieces of the inner layer of birch bark, which was commonly used for writing before the advent of mass production of paper. Evidence of birch bark for writing goes back many centuries and in various cultures. The oldest dated birch bark manuscripts are numerous Gandhāran Buddhist texts from approximately the 1st century CE, from what is now Afghanistan. They contain among the earliest known versions of significant Buddhist scriptures, including a ''Dhammapada'', discourses of Buddha that include the ''Rhinoceros Sutra'', Avadanas and Abhidharma texts. Sanskrit birch bark manuscripts written with Brahmi script have been dated to the first few centuries CE. Several early Sanskrit writers, such as Kālidāsa (c. 4th century CE), Sushruta (c. 3rd century CE), and Varāhamihira (6th century CE) mention the use of birch bark for manuscripts. The bark of '' Betula utilis'' (Himalayan Birch) is still used today in India and Nepal for wr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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