''Adeleorina'' is a suborder of parasites in the phylum
Apicomplexa
The Apicomplexa (also called Apicomplexia) are a large phylum of parasitic alveolates. Most of them possess a unique form of organelle that comprises a type of non-photosynthetic plastid called an apicoplast, and an apical complex structure. T ...
.
History
Léger proposed this taxon in 1911. The first species identified was ''
Dactylosoma ranarum
''Dactylosoma'' is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexia.
Species in this genus have two hosts in their life cycle: the vertebrate host is a fish or amphibian (possibly also reptiles) and the invertebrate host is a glossi ...
'' by Lankester (1871) in a frog in Europe. It was initially called ''Undulina ranarum'', but this was changed in 1882 to ''Drepanidium ranarum''. This species was subsequently moved to the genus ''Dactylosoma''.
Canine hepatozoonosis was first described in
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
in 1905 by James. The organism was named ''Leukocytozoon canis''. The vector was identified in 1907 by Christopher to be the brown dog tick (''
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
''Rhipicephalus sanguineus'', commonly called the brown dog tick, kennel tick, or pantropical dog tick, is a species of tick found worldwide, but more commonly in warmer climates. This species is unusual among ticks in that its entire lifecycle c ...
''). The genus ''
Hepatozoon
''Hepatozoon'' is a genus of Apicomplexa alveolates which incorporates over 300 species obligate intraerythrocytic parasites. Species have been described from all groups of tetrapod vertebrates, as well as a wide range of haematophagous arthropod ...
'' was created by Miller in 1908 for a parasite of the white rat (''
Rattus norvegicus
''Rattus'' is a genus of muroid rodents, all typically called rats. However, the term rat can also be applied to rodent species outside of this genus.
Species and description
The best-known ''Rattus'' species are the black rat (''R. rattus'') ...
'') that underwent
merogony
Apicomplexans, a group of intracellular parasites, have life cycle stages that allow them to survive the wide variety of environments they are exposed to during their complex life cycle. Each stage in the life cycle of an apicomplexan organism i ...
in the
liver
The liver is a major Organ (anatomy), organ only found in vertebrates which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the Protein biosynthesis, synthesis of proteins and biochemicals necessary for ...
and
sporogony
Apicomplexans, a group of intracellular parasites, have life cycle stages that allow them to survive the wide variety of environments they are exposed to during their complex life cycle. Each stage in the life cycle of an apicomplexan organism i ...
in the
mite
Mites are small arachnids (eight-legged arthropods). Mites span two large orders of arachnids, the Acariformes and the Parasitiformes, which were historically grouped together in the subclass Acari, but genetic analysis does not show clear evid ...
''
Laelap echidinus''. Ledger initially placed this genus in the family
Haemogregarinidae
''Adeleorina'' is a suborder of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa.
History
Léger proposed this taxon in 1911. The first species identified was ''Dactylosoma ranarum'' by Lankester (1871) in a frog in Europe. It was initially called ''Undulin ...
, but Wenyon subsequently removed it and placed it in the newly created taxon
Hepatozoidae in 1926.
Life cycle
All species in this suborder use the
syzygy method of
gamete
A gamete (; , ultimately ) is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization in organisms that reproduce sexually. Gametes are an organism's reproductive cells, also referred to as sex cells. In species that produce t ...
formation. This involves the association of often motile
gamonts prior to the formation of functional gametes and fertilization.
Their life cycles tend to be complex, involving at least one (and often several) asexual cycles of
merogony
Apicomplexans, a group of intracellular parasites, have life cycle stages that allow them to survive the wide variety of environments they are exposed to during their complex life cycle. Each stage in the life cycle of an apicomplexan organism i ...
followed by
gametogony
Apicomplexans, a group of intracellular parasites, have life cycle stages that allow them to survive the wide variety of environments they are exposed to during their complex life cycle. Each stage in the life cycle of an apicomplexan organism i ...
,
syngamy and
sporogony
Apicomplexans, a group of intracellular parasites, have life cycle stages that allow them to survive the wide variety of environments they are exposed to during their complex life cycle. Each stage in the life cycle of an apicomplexan organism i ...
. In many species of the group, the
meront
Apicomplexans, a group of intracellular parasites, have life cycle stages that allow them to survive the wide variety of environments they are exposed to during their complex life cycle. Each stage in the life cycle of an apicomplexan organism is ...
s and
merozoite
Apicomplexans, a group of intracellular parasites, have life cycle stages that allow them to survive the wide variety of environments they are exposed to during their complex life cycle. Each stage in the life cycle of an apicomplexan organism is ...
s have morphologically distinct types: one type of meront produces large merozoites which initiate a further round of merogonic replication; a second produces smaller merozoites which are the progenitors of the
gamonts.
Microgamonts produce usually only one to four