CD58, or lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3), is a
cell adhesion molecule expressed on
Antigen Presenting Cell
An antigen-presenting cell (APC) or accessory cell is a cell that displays antigen bound by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins on its surface; this process is known as antigen presentation. T cells may recognize these complexes using ...
s (APC), particularly
macrophage
Macrophages (abbreviated as M φ, MΦ or MP) ( el, large eaters, from Greek ''μακρός'' (') = large, ''φαγεῖν'' (') = to eat) are a type of white blood cell of the immune system that engulfs and digests pathogens, such as cancer cel ...
s.
It binds to
CD2 (LFA-2)
on
T cells and is important in strengthening the adhesion between the T cells and Professional Antigen Presenting Cells. This adhesion occurs as part of the transitory initial encounters between T cells and Antigen Presenting Cells before
T cell activation, when T cells are roaming the
lymph node
A lymph node, or lymph gland, is a kidney-shaped organ of the lymphatic system and the adaptive immune system. A large number of lymph nodes are linked throughout the body by the lymphatic vessels. They are major sites of lymphocytes that inclu ...
s looking at the surface of APCs for peptide:MHC complexes the
T-cell receptors are reactive to.
Polymorphisms in the CD58 gene are associated with increased risk for
multiple sclerosis
Multiple (cerebral) sclerosis (MS), also known as encephalomyelitis disseminata or disseminated sclerosis, is the most common demyelinating disease, in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. This d ...
.
Genomic region containing the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1335532, associated with high risk of
multiple sclerosis
Multiple (cerebral) sclerosis (MS), also known as encephalomyelitis disseminata or disseminated sclerosis, is the most common demyelinating disease, in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. This d ...
, has enhancer properties and can significantly boost the CD58 promoter activity in lymphoblast cells. The protective (C) rs1335532 allele creates functional binding site for
ASCL2 transcription factor, a target of the
Wnt signaling pathway
CD58 plays a role in the regulation of colorectal tumor-initiating cells (CT-ICs). Thus, cells that express CD58 have become a cell of interest in tumorigenesis.
Mutations of CD58 have been linked to immune evasion observed in some lymphomas and studies are underway to analyze how its involvement directly affects classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL).
References
External links
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Human proteins
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