Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
which publishes
comic books
A comic book, also called comicbook, comic magazine or (in the United Kingdom and Ireland) simply comic, is a publication that consists of comics art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panels that represent individual scenes. Panels are of ...
Lewis Trondheim
Lewis Trondheim (born Laurent Chabosy, , on 11 December 1964), is a French cartoonist and one of the founders (in 1990) of the independent publisher L'Association. Both his silent comic ''La Mouche'' and Kaput and Zösky have been made into animat ...
,
David B.
Pierre-François "David" Beauchard (; born 9 February 1959), also known by the pen name David B., is a French comic book artist and writer, and one of the founders of .
Biography
After studying advertising at the Duperré School of Applied Arts i ...
,
Mattt Konture
Mattt Konture (born September 27, 1965) is a French underground comics authorKonture entry Lambiek Comiclopedia. an ...
,
Patrice Killoffer
Patrice Killoffer, better known simply as Killoffer (born 16 June 1966), is a writer and artist of comics. He was co-founder of the independent comics publisher L'Association in 1990, and has been a part of Oubapo since its creation in 1992.
Car ...
, Stanislas, and Mokeït.
L'Association is one of the most important publishers to come out of the new wave of Franco-Belgian comics in the 1990s, and remains highly regarded. They were among the first to publish authors such as
Joann Sfar
Joann Sfar (; born 28 August 1971) is a French comics artist, comic book creator, novelist, and film director.
Life and career
Sfar was born in Nice, the son of Lilou, a pop singer, who died when he was three, and André Sfar, a lawyer well know ...
and
Marjane Satrapi
Marjane Satrapi (; fa, مرجان ساتراپی ; born 22 November 1969) is a French-Iranian graphic novelist, cartoonist, illustrator, film director, and children's book author. Her best-known works include the graphic novel ''Persepolis'' a ...
, and also are known for publishing French translations of the work of North American cartoonists like
Julie Doucet
Julie Doucet (born December 31, 1965) is a Canadian
Jim Woodring
James William Woodring (born October 11, 1952) is an American cartoonist, fine artist, writer and toy designer. He is best known for the dream-based comics he published in his magazine '' Jim'', and as the creator of the anthropomorphic cartoo ...
.
''Mon Lapin quotidien'' (MLQ, formely ''Lapin'' and ''Mon Lapin'') is the group's magazine.
History
The forerunner of the association was founded in 1984 as "Aanal", or Association pour l’Apologie du 9e Art Libre. Various other structures were set up by the founding members, and in 1990 they decided to return to an independent organisational structure, based on Aanal. At the time, the comics industry dominated by a number of large publishers who did not publish comic books exclusively. Similar to
alternative comic
Alternative comics cover a range of American comics that have appeared since the 1980s, following the underground comix movement of the late 1960s and early 1970s. Alternative comics present an alternative to mainstream superhero comics which ...
s in North America at the time, L’Association focused published works based on reality-based, and exclusively in
black and white
Black-and-white (B&W or B/W) images combine black and white in a continuous spectrum, producing a range of shades of grey.
Media
The history of various visual media began with black and white, and as technology improved, altered to color. ...
.
L’Association (à la Pulpe) was founded in May 1990 by seven young cartoonists struggling to find an outlet for their work: Jean-Christophe Menu,
Lewis Trondheim
Lewis Trondheim (born Laurent Chabosy, , on 11 December 1964), is a French cartoonist and one of the founders (in 1990) of the independent publisher L'Association. Both his silent comic ''La Mouche'' and Kaput and Zösky have been made into animat ...
,
David B.
Pierre-François "David" Beauchard (; born 9 February 1959), also known by the pen name David B., is a French comic book artist and writer, and one of the founders of .
Biography
After studying advertising at the Duperré School of Applied Arts i ...
,
Mattt Konture
Mattt Konture (born September 27, 1965) is a French underground comics authorKonture entry Lambiek Comiclopedia. an ...
,
Patrice Killoffer
Patrice Killoffer, better known simply as Killoffer (born 16 June 1966), is a writer and artist of comics. He was co-founder of the independent comics publisher L'Association in 1990, and has been a part of Oubapo since its creation in 1992.
Car ...
fine art
In European academic traditions, fine art is developed primarily for aesthetics or creative expression, distinguishing it from decorative art or applied art, which also has to serve some practical function, such as pottery or most metalwork ...
career, returning in 2009). They named their venture "Atelier Nawak" (later the "Atelier des Vosges"), with the publishing branch being L'Association.
The first major hit published by L'Association was ''
Persepolis
, native_name_lang =
, alternate_name =
, image = Gate of All Nations, Persepolis.jpg
, image_size =
, alt =
, caption = Ruins of the Gate of All Nations, Persepolis.
, map =
, map_type ...
'', by
Marjane Satrapi
Marjane Satrapi (; fa, مرجان ساتراپی ; born 22 November 1969) is a French-Iranian graphic novelist, cartoonist, illustrator, film director, and children's book author. Her best-known works include the graphic novel ''Persepolis'' a ...
, published from 1999-2004.
One of L'Association's most distinctive works was the seminal black-and-white anthology ''
Comix 2000
''Comix 2000'' was an international one-shot independent comic book published in 1999 by L'Association (France) and distributed in the United States by Fantagraphics Books.
All the comics featured in ''Comix 2000'' are wordless in order to accommo ...
'' which includes work from over 300 creators from 29 countries in one 2,000-page hardcover volume. In addition to L'Association's founders, notable contributors to ''Comix 2000'' included
Jessica Abel
Jessica Abel (born 1969) is an American comic book writer and artist, known as the creator of such works as ''Life Sucks'', ''Drawing Words & Writing Pictures'', ''Soundtrack'', ''La Perdida'', ''Mirror, Window'', ''Radio: An Illustrated Guide' ...
,
Edmond Baudoin
Edmond Baudoin (born 23 April 1942 in Nice) is a French artist, illustrator, and writer of sequential art and graphic novels.
Biography
Baudoin left school at the age of 16 and went into military service.
He later worked as an accountant at the ...
,
Nick Bertozzi
Nick Bertozzi (born May 26, 1970) is an American comic book writer and artist, as well as a commercial illustrator and teacher of cartooning. His series ''Rubber Necker'' from Alternative Comics won the 2003 Harvey Awards for best new talent and ...
,
Émile Bravo
Émile Bravo (born 18 September 1964) is a French comics artist.
Biography
Émile Bravo was born in Paris in 1964 from Spanish parents (a Catalan father and a Valencian mother). Having grown up with the famous Franco-Belgian comics like '' Astér ...
,
Mike Diana
Michael Christopher DianaShepherd, Chuck (August 1994). "Loony Toons: Florida puts the boot to a cartoonist". "The Playboy Forum". ''Playboy'' magazine. Pages 41-43 (born 1969) is an American underground cartoonist. His work, which is largely self ...
,
Julie Doucet
Julie Doucet (born December 31, 1965) is a Canadian
Renée French
Renée French (born 1963) is an American comics writer and illustrator and, under the pen name Rainy Dohaney, a children's book author, and exhibiting artist.
Her work is characterized by her "obsessive-looking and highly unsettling visual sty ...
Dylan Horrocks
Dylan Horrocks (born 1966 in Auckland, New Zealand) is a cartoonist best known for his graphic novel '' Hicksville'' and his scripts for the ''Batgirl'' comic book series.
His works are published by the University of Auckland student magazine '' ...
,
Megan Kelso
Megan Kelso (born 1968 in Seattle, Washington) is an American comic book artist and writer.
Early life and education
Kelso received her B.A. from Evergreen State University, where she studied history and political science.
Career
Kelso st ...
,
James Kochalka
James Kochalka (born May 26, 1967, in Springfield, Vermont) is an American comic book artist, writer, animator, and rock musician. His comics are noted for their blending of the real and the surreal. Largely autobiographical, Kochalka's cartoo ...
,
Étienne Lécroart
Étienne Lécroart (born 1960) is a French cartoonist. He is a founder and key member of Oubapo association, Ouvroir de BAnde dessinée POtentielle. He has composed cartoons that could be read either horizontally, vertically, or in diagonal, and ...
,
Brian Ralph
Brian Ralph (born 1973) is an American alternative cartoonist. His illustrations have appeared in ''Wired'' and the ''New York Post''. His debut graphic novel, ''Cave-In'', was nominated for three Harvey Awards, one Eisner Award, and listed as on ...
Joann Sfar
Joann Sfar (; born 28 August 1971) is a French comics artist, comic book creator, novelist, and film director.
Life and career
Sfar was born in Nice, the son of Lilou, a pop singer, who died when he was three, and André Sfar, a lawyer well know ...
,
R. Sikoryak
Robert Sikoryak (born 1964) is an American artist whose work is usually signed R. Sikoryak. He specializes in making comic adaptations of literature classics. Under the series title ''Masterpiece Comics'', these include ''Crime and Punishment'' re ...
,
Chris Ware
Franklin Christenson "Chris" Ware (born December 28, 1967) is an American cartoonist known for his ''Acme Novelty Library'' series (begun 1994) and the graphic novels ''Jimmy Corrigan, the Smartest Kid on Earth'' (2000), ''Building Stories'' (2012 ...
,
Skip Williamson
Mervyn "Skip" Williamson (August 19, 1944 – March 16, 2017) was an American underground cartoonist and central figure in the underground comix movement. Williamson's art was published in the '' National Lampoon'', ''High Times'', ''the Realis ...
, and
Aleksandar Zograf
Saša Rakezić (born 1963 in Pančevo, Serbia), better known by his pen name Aleksandar Zograf, is a Serbian cartoonist. His works focus mostly on life in the former Yugoslavia, such as ''Life Under Sanctions'', ''Psychonaut'', ''Dream Watche ...
.
Other creators published by L'Association included
Dupuy and Berberian
Philippe Dupuy (born 12 December 1960, Sainte-Adresse) and Charles Berbérian (born 28 May 1959, Baghdad) are French cartoonists most famous for their series of Franco-Belgian comics albums featuring the character ''Monsieur Jean''.
Their colla ...
,
Lewis Trondheim
Lewis Trondheim (born Laurent Chabosy, , on 11 December 1964), is a French cartoonist and one of the founders (in 1990) of the independent publisher L'Association. Both his silent comic ''La Mouche'' and Kaput and Zösky have been made into animat ...
,
Joann Sfar
Joann Sfar (; born 28 August 1971) is a French comics artist, comic book creator, novelist, and film director.
Life and career
Sfar was born in Nice, the son of Lilou, a pop singer, who died when he was three, and André Sfar, a lawyer well know ...
,
Blutch
Blutch, pen name of Christian Hincker (born 27 December 1967 in Strasbourg) is a French comic book author. He is considered one of the main authors of French comics since the early 1990s.
Biography
After studying at the École supérieure des ...
,
Anke Feuchtenberger
Anke Feuchtenberger (born 1963, in East Berlin) is a German artist and cartoonist.
She studied at the Kunsthochschule Berlin. Since 1997, she has held a professorship for drawing at the Hamburg University of Applied Sciences. She is a mother and ...
,
Emmanuel Guibert
Immanuel ( he, עִמָּנוּאֵל, 'Īmmānū'ēl, meaning, "God is with us"; also romanized: , ; and or in Koine Greek of the New Testament) is a Hebrew name that appears in the Book of Isaiah (7:14) as a sign that God will protect the ...
,
François Ayroles
François () is a French masculine given name and surname, equivalent to the English name Francis.
People with the given name
* Francis I of France, King of France (), known as "the Father and Restorer of Letters"
* Francis II of France, Kin ...
,
Jochen Gerner
Jochen is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
*Jochen Asche, East German luger, competed during the 1960s
* Jochen Böhler (born 1969), German historian, specializing in the history of World War II
*Jochen Babock (born 1953), East ...
, and
Guy Delisle
Guy Delisle (born January 19, 1966) is a Canadian cartoonist and animator, best known for his graphic novels about his travels, such as ''Shenzhen'' (2000), '' Pyongyang: A Journey in North Korea'' (2003), ''Burma Chronicles'' (2007), and ''Jerusa ...
.
By 2005, many of L'Association's founders and creators had begun also publishing in France's "mainstream" industry. That year co-founder Menu published ''Plates-bandes'', a
diatribe
A diatribe (from the Greek ''διατριβή''), also known less formally as rant, is a lengthy oration, though often reduced to writing, made in criticism of someone or something, often employing humor, sarcasm, and appeals to emotion.
His ...
against what he perceived as the co-opting and wholesale copycatting of the alternative comics aesthetic by France's mainstream comic book publishers looking to corner what had suddenly become a lucrative market. Literally meaning "flowerbeds", the title is a pun involving part of the word for comics ("bande dessinée," or "drawn strip"), a concern that independent comics are headed for blandness and platitude ("plat," literally flat or insipid), and a gauntlet thrown down to mainstream publishers for encroaching on indie territory (the colloquial expression "trampling someone’s flowerbeds" means to step on someone's toes).
The book coincided with three of the original founders and a few authors leaving L'Association:"Conversations: Jean-Christophe Menu & Sammy Harkham," ''The Comics Journal'' #300 (Dec. 2009). David B. left the group in spring 2005; Lewis Trondheim left in autumn 2006, followed shortly after by Stanislas and Killoffer. (At that point, L'Association's "editorial board" was dissolved, since it was originally composed of the company's founders.) This left Menu as sole director of L’Association. Although he had been the driving force, there had been dissatisfaction with his lack of collaborative approach. Konture remained loyal and stayed on, but was not involved in operations. It was managed by Menu and a board of directors who had been in place since 1993: Patricia Perdrizet as president, Isabelle “Zab” Chipot as secretary, and Laetitia Zuccarelli as treasurer.
In May 2011, after nearly six months of debate Menu announced his official departure from L'Association,Spurgeon, Tom "Jean-Christophe Menu Resigns From L'Association," ''Comics Reporter'' (May 23, 2011). and Stanislas also left, leaving only
Mattt Konture
Mattt Konture (born September 27, 1965) is a French underground comics authorKonture entry Lambiek Comiclopedia. an ...
from the original group. Shortly afterwards, co-founders David B., Killoffer, and Trondheim returned to the publishing house, as president, secretary, and treasurer respectively. A new editorial committee was created, comprising Konture, David B., Killoffer,
François Ayroles
François () is a French masculine given name and surname, equivalent to the English name Francis.
People with the given name
* Francis I of France, King of France (), known as "the Father and Restorer of Letters"
* Francis II of France, Kin ...
,
Jochen Gerner
Jochen is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
*Jochen Asche, East German luger, competed during the 1960s
* Jochen Böhler (born 1969), German historian, specializing in the history of World War II
*Jochen Babock (born 1953), East ...
,
Étienne Lécroart
Étienne Lécroart (born 1960) is a French cartoonist. He is a founder and key member of Oubapo association, Ouvroir de BAnde dessinée POtentielle. He has composed cartoons that could be read either horizontally, vertically, or in diagonal, and ...
,
Lisa Mandel Lisa or LISA may refer to:
People
People with the mononym
* Lisa Lisa (born 1967), American actress and lead singer of the Cult Jam
* Lisa (Japanese musician, born 1974), stylized "LISA", Japanese singer and producer
* Lisa Komine (born 1978), J ...
In 1992 L'Association launched a magazine/anthology called ''Lapin'' (referencing Menu's ''Lapot''), initially a bulletin reporting on internal information about the organisation. It appeared quarterly from issue 9 in October 1995, and then continued to appear erratically over the years, publishing a variety of experimental graphic works. It was resurrected from a period of dormancy in 2007 as a platform for emerging authors, which gave exposure to people such as Lisa Mandel, Nine Antico, and Matthias Picard.
In September 2013, ''Lapin'' was relaunched as ''Mon Lapin'', and was published under this name until November 2014. In 2017, it was relaunched as ''Mon Lapin quotidien'' (MLQ) as a large format ( by ) magazine, in its sixth series, starting with issue 1. Its appearance follows that of an ordinary mainstream newspaper, but its title is misleading: it is not published daily (''quotidien''), but quarterly.
Recognition and awards
L'Association has won numerous awards at the
Angoulême International Comics Festival
The Angoulême International Comics Festival (french: Festival international de la bande dessinée d'Angoulême) is the second largest comics festival in Europe after the Lucca Comics & Games in Italy, and the third biggest in the world after Lu ...
.
Today
L'Association is one of the most important publishers to come out of the new wave of Franco-Belgian comics in the 1990s, and remains highly regarded.Nevins, Mark D. "L'Association: The Future of Comics?" ''Expo 2000'' (Bethesda, Maryland: The Expo, 2000), pp. 264-266.
Titles (by author)
Anthologies
* ''
Comix 2000
''Comix 2000'' was an international one-shot independent comic book published in 1999 by L'Association (France) and distributed in the United States by Fantagraphics Books.
All the comics featured in ''Comix 2000'' are wordless in order to accommo ...
'' (2000)
*
Oubapo Oubapo (, short for french: Ouvroir de bande dessinée potentielle; roughly translated: ''"workshop of potential comic book art"'') is a comics movement which believes in the use of formal constraints to push the boundaries of the medium. OuBaPo i ...
Edmond Baudoin
Edmond Baudoin (born 23 April 1942 in Nice) is a French artist, illustrator, and writer of sequential art and graphic novels.
Biography
Baudoin left school at the age of 16 and went into military service.
He later worked as an accountant at the ...
* ''Le portrait'' (re-issue of Baudoin'', collection 30x40, originally published by Futuropolis in 1990)
* coll. ''Eperluette''
** ''Éloge de la poussière'' (1995)
** ''Terrains vagues'' (1996)
* coll. ''Patte de Mouche''
** ''Made in U.S.'' (1995)
** ''Nam'' (1998)
* coll. ''Ciboulette''
** ''Le voyage'' (1996)
** ''Salade niçoise'' (1999)
* ''Le chemin de Saint-Jean'' (2002)
* ''Araucaria, carnets du Chili'' (collection ''Mimolette'', 2004)
* ''Couma acò'' (2005; re-issue, originally published by Futuropolis in 1991)
* ''Crazyman'' (2005)
* ''L'Espignole'' (2006)
David B.
Pierre-François "David" Beauchard (; born 9 February 1959), also known by the pen name David B., is a French comic book artist and writer, and one of the founders of .
Biography
After studying advertising at the Duperré School of Applied Arts i ...
L'ascension du haut mal
''L'Ascension du haut mal'' ("The Rise of the High Evil"), published in English as ''Epileptic'', is an autobiographical graphic novel by David Beauchard (more commonly known as David B.).
Publication history
It was originally published in French ...
Edmond Baudoin
Edmond Baudoin (born 23 April 1942 in Nice) is a French artist, illustrator, and writer of sequential art and graphic novels.
Biography
Baudoin left school at the age of 16 and went into military service.
He later worked as an accountant at the ...
Anne Baraou
Anne, alternatively spelled Ann, is a form of the Latin female given name Anna. This in turn is a representation of the Hebrew Hannah, which means 'favour' or 'grace'. Related names include Annie.
Anne is sometimes used as a male name in the ...
) (1999)
* ''les Incidents de la nuit''
** ''Tome 1'' (1999)
** ''les Traces du dieu Enn'' (2000)
** ''l'Embuscade'' (2002)
Guy Delisle
Guy Delisle (born January 19, 1966) is a Canadian cartoonist and animator, best known for his graphic novels about his travels, such as ''Shenzhen'' (2000), '' Pyongyang: A Journey in North Korea'' (2003), ''Burma Chronicles'' (2007), and ''Jerusa ...
* ''Réflexion'' (October 1996, )
* ''Aline et les autres'' (April 1999, )
* ''
Shenzhen
Shenzhen (; ; ; ), also historically known as Sham Chun, is a major sub-provincial city and one of the special economic zones of China. The city is located on the east bank of the Pearl River estuary on the central coast of southern province ...
'' (April 2000, )
* ''Albert et les autres'' (June 2001, )
* ''
Pyongyang
Pyongyang (, , ) is the capital and largest city of North Korea, where it is known as the "Capital of the Revolution". Pyongyang is located on the Taedong River about upstream from its mouth on the Yellow Sea. According to the 2008 populatio ...
'' (June 2003, )
Julie Doucet
Julie Doucet (born December 31, 1965) is a Canadian
Patrice Killoffer
Patrice Killoffer, better known simply as Killoffer (born 16 June 1966), is a writer and artist of comics. He was co-founder of the independent comics publisher L'Association in 1990, and has been a part of Oubapo since its creation in 1992.
Car ...
* ''Killoffer en la matière'' (1992)
* ''Billet SVP'' (1995)
* ''La Clef des champs'' (1997)
* ''Six cent soixante-seize apparitions de Killoffer'' (2002)
* ''Le Rock et si je ne m'abuse le roll'' (2006)
* ''Quand faut y aller'' (2006)
Mattt Konture
Mattt Konture (born September 27, 1965) is a French underground comics authorKonture entry Lambiek Comiclopedia. an ...
* coll. ''Patte de Mouche''
** ''Supra plus'' (1992)
** ''Glofluné Triblonto'' (1996)
** ''Galopinot'' (story and drawings) (with
Lewis Trondheim
Lewis Trondheim (born Laurent Chabosy, , on 11 December 1964), is a French cartoonist and one of the founders (in 1990) of the independent publisher L'Association. Both his silent comic ''La Mouche'' and Kaput and Zösky have been made into animat ...
Étienne Lécroart
Étienne Lécroart (born 1960) is a French cartoonist. He is a founder and key member of Oubapo association, Ouvroir de BAnde dessinée POtentielle. He has composed cartoons that could be read either horizontally, vertically, or in diagonal, and ...
* ''Pervenche et Victor'' (1994)
* ''Cercle vicieux'' (2000)
* ''Le Cycle'' (2003)
* ''Scroubabble'' (2005)
* ''L'élite à la portée de tous'' (2005)
* ''Moins d'un quart de seconde pour vivre'' (with
Lewis Trondheim
Lewis Trondheim (born Laurent Chabosy, , on 11 December 1964), is a French cartoonist and one of the founders (in 1990) of the independent publisher L'Association. Both his silent comic ''La Mouche'' and Kaput and Zösky have been made into animat ...
) (1991)
* ''Dinozor Apokalips'' (1991)
* ''Omelette'' (1995)
* ''Livret de Phamille'' (1995)
* ''Gnognottes'' (1999.
* ''Le Livre du Mont-Vérité'' (2002)
* ''Mini Mune Comix'' (2003)
* ''Meder'' (2005; originally published by Futuropolis in 1988)
* ''Plates-Bandes'' (2005; writings)
* ''La Marraine des Moines'' (2008)
* ''Lock Groove Comix''
** ''Lock Groove Comix N°1'' (2008)
** ''Lock Groove Comix N°2'' (2009)
* ''Lourdes coquilles'' (2009)
* ''Corr&spondance'' (with
Christian Rosset
Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...
) (2009; writings)
* ''La Présidente'' with
Blutch
Blutch, pen name of Christian Hincker (born 27 December 1967 in Strasbourg) is a French comic book author. He is considered one of the main authors of French comics since the early 1990s.
Biography
After studying at the École supérieure des ...
(2010; originally published by Autrement in 1995)
* ''La bande dessinée et son double'' (2011; writings)
Léo Quievreux
Léo Quievreux (born 1971) is a French author and illustrator of comic books, and founder of publisher Éditions Gotoproductions. His moniker as a musician is Pik.
Early life and education
Quievreux was born in Mulhouse in the Alsace region of F ...
*''Agents dormants'' (2008)
*''Sphynx song'' (with J. M. Bertoyas, 2012)
Riad Sattouf
Riad Sattouf ( ar, رياض سطوف; born 5 May 1978) is a French cartoonist, comic artist, and film director. Sattouf is best known for his award-winning graphic memoir hexalogy '' L'Arabe du futur'' (''The Arab of the Future'') and for his awa ...
* ''
La vie secrète des jeunes
''La Vie secrète des jeunes'' is a cartoon series by French cartoonist Riad Sattouf that appeared weekly in French satirical weekly ''Charlie Hebdo'' from 2004 to summer 2014. In the series, the artist portrays real life anecdotes.Marjane Satrapi
Marjane Satrapi (; fa, مرجان ساتراپی ; born 22 November 1969) is a French-Iranian graphic novelist, cartoonist, illustrator, film director, and children's book author. Her best-known works include the graphic novel ''Persepolis'' a ...
* ''
Persepolis
, native_name_lang =
, alternate_name =
, image = Gate of All Nations, Persepolis.jpg
, image_size =
, alt =
, caption = Ruins of the Gate of All Nations, Persepolis.
, map =
, map_type ...
''
**
**
**
**
*''Broderies'' (2003, )
*
Joann Sfar
Joann Sfar (; born 28 August 1971) is a French comics artist, comic book creator, novelist, and film director.
Life and career
Sfar was born in Nice, the son of Lilou, a pop singer, who died when he was three, and André Sfar, a lawyer well know ...
* ''Le petit monde du Golem'' (1998, )
Lewis Trondheim
Lewis Trondheim (born Laurent Chabosy, , on 11 December 1964), is a French cartoonist and one of the founders (in 1990) of the independent publisher L'Association. Both his silent comic ''La Mouche'' and Kaput and Zösky have been made into animat ...
* ''Genèses apocalyptiques''
* ''Non, non, non''
* ''Le pays des trois sourires''
Jim Woodring
James William Woodring (born October 11, 1952) is an American cartoonist, fine artist, writer and toy designer. He is best known for the dream-based comics he published in his magazine '' Jim'', and as the creator of the anthropomorphic cartoo ...
* ''
Frank
Frank or Franks may refer to:
People
* Frank (given name)
* Frank (surname)
* Franks (surname)
* Franks, a medieval Germanic people
* Frank, a term in the Muslim world for all western Europeans, particularly during the Crusades - see Farang
Curr ...
''
** ''Frank'' (1998, )
** ''Frank, Tome 1'' (2001, )
** ''Frank, Tome 2'' (2006, )
** ''Frank's Real Pa: Suivi de Frank et la corde de luth'' (2007, )
** ''
Weathercraft
''Weathercraft'' is a 2010 graphic novel by American cartoonist Jim Woodring, featuring his best-known characters Frank, Manhog and Whim. While Frank stars in most of Woodring's stories set in the fictional universe of the Unifactor, this book st ...
Fran Fran may refer to:
People and fictional characters
* Fran (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters
* Fran (footballer, born 1969) or Francisco Javier González Pérez
* Fran (footballer, born 1972), Spanish retired football ...