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Krasnodar (; rus, Краснода́р, p=krəsnɐˈdar; ady, Краснодар), formerly Yekaterinodar (until 1920), is the largest city and the
administrative centre An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located. In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
of
Krasnodar Krai Krasnodar Krai (russian: Краснода́рский край, r=Krasnodarsky kray, p=krəsnɐˈdarskʲɪj kraj) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the North Caucasus region in Southern Russia and administratively a part of ...
,
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
. The city stands on the
Kuban River The Kuban; Circassian: Псыжъ, ''Psyẑ'' or Псыжь, ''Psyź'' ; abq, Къвбина, ''Q̇vbina'' ; Karachay–Balkar: Къобан, ''Qoban''; Nogai: Кобан, ''Qoban'') is a river in Russia that flows through the Western Cauca ...
in
southern Russia Southern Russia or the South of Russia (russian: Юг России, ''Yug Rossii'') is a colloquial term for the southernmost geographic portion of European Russia generally covering the Southern Federal District and the North Caucasian Feder ...
, with a population of 1,099,344 residents, and up to 1.2 million residents in the Urban Okrug. In the past decade Krasnodar has experienced rapid population growth, rising to become the thirteenth-largest city in Russia, and the second-largest city in southern Russia, as well as the
Southern Federal District The Southern Federal District ( rus, Ю́жный федера́льный о́круг, Yuzhny federalny okrug, ˈjuʐnɨj fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnɨj ˈokrʊk) is one of the eight federal districts of Russia. Its territory lies mostly on the Pontic ...
. The city originated in 1793 as a fortress built by the
Cossacks The Cossacks , es, cosaco , et, Kasakad, cazacii , fi, Kasakat, cazacii , french: cosaques , hu, kozákok, cazacii , it, cosacchi , orv, коза́ки, pl, Kozacy , pt, cossacos , ro, cazaci , russian: казаки́ or ...
, and became a trading center for southern Russia. The city sustained heavy damage in
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
but was rebuilt and renovated after the war. Krasnodar is a major economic hub in southern Russia; In 2012, ''
Forbes ''Forbes'' () is an American business magazine owned by Integrated Whale Media Investments and the Forbes family. Published eight times a year, it features articles on finance, industry, investing, and marketing topics. ''Forbes'' also re ...
'' named Krasnodar the best city for business in Russia. Krasnodar is home to numerous sights, including the
Krasnodar Stadium Krasnodar Stadium is a association football, football stadium in Krasnodar, Russia. It hosts FC Krasnodar of the Russian Premier League. It has a capacity of 35,074 spectators. The stadium was designed by Gerkan, Marg and Partners, von Gerkan, Ma ...
. Its main airport is
Krasnodar International Airport Krasnodar International Airport (russian: Международный аэропорт Краснодар), also known as Pashkovsky Airport (russian: Аэропорт Пашковский), (IATA: KRR, ICAO: URKK) is the main airport serving the ...
.


Name

Krasnodar was founded on January 12, 1794 (
Gregorian calendar The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most parts of the world. It was introduced in October 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII as a modification of, and replacement for, the Julian calendar. The principal change was to space leap years dif ...
)Charter of Krasnodar, Article 1 as ''Yekaterinodar'' (). The original name meant "Catherine's Gift", recognizing both
Catherine the Great , en, Catherine Alexeievna Romanova, link=yes , house = , father = Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst , mother = Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp , birth_date = , birth_name = Princess Sophie of Anhal ...
's grant of land in the Kuban region to the
Black Sea Cossacks Black Sea Cossack Host (russian: Черномо́рское каза́чье во́йско; uk, Чорномо́рське коза́цьке ві́йсько ), also known as Chernomoriya (russian: Черномо́рия), was a Cossack host ...
Azarenkova et al., pp. 9ff. (created from former
Zaporozhian Cossacks The Zaporozhian Cossacks, Zaporozhian Cossack Army, Zaporozhian Host, (, or uk, Військо Запорізьке, translit=Viisko Zaporizke, translit-std=ungegn, label=none) or simply Zaporozhians ( uk, Запорожці, translit=Zaporoz ...
) and
Saint Catherine of Alexandria Catherine of Alexandria (also spelled Katherine); grc-gre, ἡ Ἁγία Αἰκατερίνη ἡ Μεγαλομάρτυς ; ar, سانت كاترين; la, Catharina Alexandrina). is, according to tradition, a Christian saint and virgin, wh ...
, who is considered to be the patron of the city. City status was granted in 1867.''Cities and Towns of Russia Encyclopedia'', pp. 217–218 On December 7, 1920, as a result of the
October Revolution The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key mome ...
, Yekaterinodar was renamed ''Krasnodar'' (''Gift of the Reds'').Azarenkova et al., p. 253. The new name consists of ''Krasno-'' (Красно- – 'red', i.e. Communist, but also archaic/poetic form of 'beautiful'); and ''dar'' (дар – 'gift').


History

The city originated in 1793 as a military camp, then as a
fortress A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is also used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ''fortis'' ("strong") and ''facere'' ...
built by the
Cossacks The Cossacks , es, cosaco , et, Kasakad, cazacii , fi, Kasakat, cazacii , french: cosaques , hu, kozákok, cazacii , it, cosacchi , orv, коза́ки, pl, Kozacy , pt, cossacos , ro, cazaci , russian: казаки́ or ...
to defend imperial borders and to assert Russian dominion over
Circassia Circassia (; also known as Cherkessia in some sources; ady, Адыгэ Хэку, Адыгей, lit=, translit=Adıgə Xəku, Adıgey; ; ota, چرکسستان, Çerkezistan; ) was a country and a historical region in the along the northeast ...
, a claim which
Ottoman Turkey The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
contested. In the first half of the 19th century, Yekaterinodar grew into a busy center of the
Kuban Cossacks Kuban Cossacks (russian: кубанские казаки, ''kubanskiye kаzaki''; uk, кубанські козаки, ''kubanski kozaky''), or Kubanians (russian: кубанцы, ; uk, кубанці, ), are Cossacks who live in the Kuban ...
, gaining official town status in 1867. By 1888 about 45,000 people lived in the city, which had become a vital trade center for southern Russia. In 1897 an
obelisk An obelisk (; from grc, ὀβελίσκος ; diminutive of ''obelos'', " spit, nail, pointed pillar") is a tall, four-sided, narrow tapering monument which ends in a pyramid-like shape or pyramidion at the top. Originally constructed by An ...
commemorating the two-hundred-year history of the
Kuban Cossacks Kuban Cossacks (russian: кубанские казаки, ''kubanskiye kаzaki''; uk, кубанські козаки, ''kubanski kozaky''), or Kubanians (russian: кубанцы, ; uk, кубанці, ), are Cossacks who live in the Kuban ...
(seen as founded in 1696) was erected in Yekaterinodar. The city was the administrative center of the Yekaterinodarsky Otdel of the
Kuban Oblast The Kuban Oblast was a province (''oblast'') of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It roughly corresponded to most of the Kuban and Circassia regions. It was created in 1860 out of Kuban Cossack territories that had once been part of ...
. During the
Russian Civil War , date = October Revolution, 7 November 1917 – Yakut revolt, 16 June 1923{{Efn, The main phase ended on 25 October 1922. Revolt against the Bolsheviks continued Basmachi movement, in Central Asia and Tungus Republic, the Far East th ...
(1917-1922) the city changed hands several times, coming successively under the control of the
Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after ...
and of the
Volunteer Army The Volunteer Army (russian: Добровольческая армия, translit=Dobrovolcheskaya armiya, abbreviated to russian: Добрармия, translit=Dobrarmiya) was a White Army active in South Russia during the Russian Civil War from ...
. Many Kuban Cossacks, as committed anti-
Bolsheviks The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...
, supported the White Movement. Lavr Kornilov, a White general, captured the city on April 10, 1918, only to be killed a week later when a Bolshevik artillery shell blew up the farmhouse where he had set up his headquarters. During the
Soviet famine of 1932–1933 The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...
Krasnodar lost over 14% of its population. During
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
units of the German Army occupied Krasnodar between August 9, 1942, and February 12, 1943. The city sustained heavy damage in the fighting but was rebuilt and renovated after the war. German forces, including
Gestapo The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe. The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organi ...
and "mobile SS execution squads", killed thousands of
Jews Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
,
Communists Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...
, and "supposed Communist ' partisans.'" Shooting,
hanging Hanging is the suspension of a person by a noose or ligature around the neck.Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed. Hanging as method of execution is unknown, as method of suicide from 1325. The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' states that hanging i ...
, burning, and even
gas vans A gas van or gas wagon (russian: душегубка, ''dushegubka'', literally "soul killer"; german: Gaswagen) was a truck reequipped as a mobile gas chamber. During the World War II Holocaust, Nazi Germany developed and used gas vans on a large ...
were used. In the summer of 1943, the Soviets began trials, including of their own citizens, for collusion with the Nazis and for participation in war crimes. The first such trial took place at Krasnodar from July 14 to 17, 1943. The Krasnodar tribunal pronounced eight death sentences, which were summarily carried out in the city square in front of a crowd of about thirty thousand people. On June 14, 1971, a bombing occurred on a bus in the city, when a homemade suitcase bomb placed near the gas tank by a mentally ill Peter Volynsky exploded. The bomb killed 10 persons and wounded 20–90 others.


Geography

Krasnodar is the largest city and capital of Krasnodar Krai by population and the second-largest by area. It is the 17th-largest city in Russia as of 2010. It is located on the right bank of the Kuban River. It is 1300 km south of the Russian capital, Moscow. The Black Sea lies 120 km to the west.


Climate

Under the
Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notabl ...
, Krasnodar has a
humid subtropical climate A humid subtropical climate is a zone of climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between latitudes 25° and 40° ...
(''Cfa''). Winters are cold and damp, with unstable snow cover. The average temperature in January, the area's coldest month, is . Weather conditions in winter vary greatly in the city; temperatures can exceed for a few days, but temperatures below are not uncommon for Krasnodar as the city is not protected by mountains from cold waves. Summers are typically hot, with a July average of . The city receives of precipitation annually, fairly spread throughout the year. Extreme storms are rare in the Krasnodar area. Extreme temperatures have ranged from , recorded on January 11, 1940 and July 30, 2000, respectively.


Demographics

In 1916, Krasnodar—then known as Yekaterinodar—had a population of 103,624, composed of 88,508
Russians , native_name_lang = ru , image = , caption = , population = , popplace = 118 million Russians in the Russian Federation (2002 '' Winkler Prins'' estimate) , region1 = , pop1 ...
(85.4%), 5,963 Europeans (5.8%), 5,900
Armenians Armenians ( hy, հայեր, ''hayer'' ) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian highlands of Western Asia. Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the ''de facto'' independent Artsakh. There is a wide-ranging diaspora ...
(5.7%), and other nationalities. As of 2021 census, the population of Krasnodar is 1,099,344 people,
Таблица 5. Численность населения России, федеральных округов, субъектов Российской Федерации, городских округов, муниципальных районов, муниципальных округов, городских и сельских поселений, городских населенных пунктов, сельских населенных пунктов с населением 3000 человек и более

Стали известны окончательные итоги переписи населения в Краснодаре, но вопросы остались
/ref> up from 744,995 in the 2010 census.


Economy

Krasnodar is the economic center of southern Russia. For several years, ''
Forbes ''Forbes'' () is an American business magazine owned by Integrated Whale Media Investments and the Forbes family. Published eight times a year, it features articles on finance, industry, investing, and marketing topics. ''Forbes'' also re ...
'' magazine named Krasnodar the best city for business in Russia. The industrial sector of the city has more than 130 large and medium-sized enterprises. The main industries of Krasnodar: *Agriculture and food industry: 42.8% *Energy sector: 13.4% *Fuel industry: 10.5% *Machine construction: 9.4% *Forestry and chemical industries: about 4% Krasnodar is a highly developed commercial area, and has the largest annual turnover in the
Southern Federal District The Southern Federal District ( rus, Ю́жный федера́льный о́круг, Yuzhny federalny okrug, ˈjuʐnɨj fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnɨj ˈokrʊk) is one of the eight federal districts of Russia. Its territory lies mostly on the Pontic ...
of Russia. Retail trade turnover in 2010 reached 290 billion
ruble The ruble (American English) or rouble (Commonwealth English) (; rus, рубль, p=rublʲ) is the currency unit of Belarus and Russia. Historically, it was the currency of the Russian Empire and of the Soviet Union. , currencies named ''rub ...
s. Per capita, Krasnodar has the highest number of malls in Russia. Note that in the crisis year 2009 turnover of Krasnodar continued to grow, while most of the cities showed a negative trend in the sale of goods. Krasnodar has the lowest unemployment rate among the cities of the Southern Federal District at 0.3% of the total working-age population. In addition, Krasnodar holds the first place in terms of highest average salary – 21,742 rubles per capita. Tourism comprises a large part of Krasnodar's economy. There are more than 80 hotels in Krasnodar. The Hilton Garden Inn, opened in 2013, is the first world-class hotel in the city.


Administrative and municipal status

Krasnodar is the
administrative center An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located. In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
of the
krai A krai or kray (; russian: край, , ''kraya'') is one of the types of federal subjects of modern Russia, and was a type of geographical administrative division in the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR. Etymologically, the word is relat ...
. Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with twenty-nine rural localities, incorporated as the
City A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
of Krasnodar—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.Reference Information #34.01-707/13-03 As a municipal division, the City of Krasnodar is incorporated as Krasnodar Urban Okrug.Law #670-OZ


Culture

The oldest part of the city is Krasnodar Historic Center, which consists of many historic buildings, several from the 19th century. Buildings have been preserved, restored or reconstructed, and the district is now a substantial tourist attraction. There are several major theater venues in Krasnodar: *The Gorky Krasnodar State Academic Drama Theater *The Krasnodar Ballet Theater *The Krasnodar State Academic Drama Theater *The Krasnodar Regional Puppet Theater *The Krasnodar Musical Theater *The Children's Ballet Theater "Fugitives" *The Krasnodar State Circus *The Krasnodar Youth Theater *The Ponomarenko Krasnodar Philharmonic *The
Kuban Cossack Choir Kuban Cossack Chorus (russian: Кубанский Казачий Хор, uk, Кубанський козачий хор) is one of the leading Folkloric ensembles in Russia. Its repertoire and performances reflect the songs, dances and folklo ...
*The Creative Association "Premiere" *The New Puppet Theater Krasnodar has several major museums. The Kovalenko Krasnodar Regional Art Museum, the oldest public art museum in the
North Caucasus The North Caucasus, ( ady, Темыр Къафкъас, Temır Qafqas; kbd, Ишхъэрэ Къаукъаз, İṩxhərə Qauqaz; ce, Къилбаседа Кавказ, Q̇ilbaseda Kavkaz; , os, Цӕгат Кавказ, Cægat Kavkaz, inh, ...
, is one of the finest. The largest public library of the city is the Pushkin Krasnodar Regional Universal Scientific Library, founded in 1900.


Main sights

Krasnodar is home to the
steel Steel is an alloy made up of iron with added carbon to improve its strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron. Many other elements may be present or added. Stainless steels that are corrosion- and oxidation-resistant ty ...
lattice hyperboloid tower built by the Russian engineer and scientist Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov in 1928; it is located near Krasnodar
Circus A circus is a company of performers who put on diverse entertainment shows that may include clowns, acrobats, trained animals, trapeze acts, musicians, dancers, hoopers, tightrope walkers, jugglers, magicians, ventriloquists, and unicyclis ...
. Other attractions include St. Catherine's Cathedral, the State Arts Museum, a park and theater named after
Maxim Gorky Alexei Maximovich Peshkov (russian: link=no, Алексе́й Макси́мович Пешко́в;  – 18 June 1936), popularly known as Maxim Gorky (russian: Макси́м Го́рький, link=no), was a Russian writer and social ...
, the beautiful concert hall of the Krasnodar Philharmonic Society, which is considered to have some of the best acoustics in southern Russia, State Cossack Choir and the Krasnodar circus The most interesting place in Krasnodar is Krasnaya Street (which translates as "Red, Beautiful Street"). There are situated many sights of Krasnodar. At the beginning of the street, one can see the Central Concert Hall; at the other end, one can see the Avrora cinema center. A "Triumphal Arch" is situated in the middle of Krasnaya Street. Theater Square is home to the largest splash fountain in Europe. This fountain was officially inaugurated on September 25, 2011 along with an official ceremony to celebrate the City Day in Krasnodar. Also in the city is the famous Krasnodar Park (also called Galitsky Park) — a city park located in the northeast of the center of Krasnodar in the Shkolny microdistrict, between Vostochno-Kruglikovskaya and Hero Vladislav Posadsky streets, next to the FC Krasnodar stadium. The park was built at the expense of entrepreneur Sergey Galitsky and opened on September 28, 2017. The area is 22.7 hectares. This is twice as much as the Novorossiysk forest! More than 2.5 thousand trees are planted in the park: oak, hornbeam, alder, bonsai, poplar, pine, tulip tree, maple, thuja, decorative plum.


Sports

In amateur sport
shinty in Russia Shinty is a very small minority sport in Russia, played primarily in Krasnodar but with some enthusiasts in Moscow. History of Shinty in Russia Whilst Scots mercenaries may have played shinty in ancient times, shinty was almost entirely unknown in ...
has its centre in Krasnodar. Several professional sports clubs are active in the city:


Transportation

As in many other major cities in Russia, the primary mode of local transportation in Krasnodar is the automobile, though efforts have been made to increase the availability of alternative modes of transportation, including the construction of light railways (projected), biking paths, and wide sidewalks. Public transportation within Krasnodar consists of city buses, trolleybuses, trams, and ''
marshrutka ''Marshrutka''Kuban Airlines (at
Krasnodar International Airport Krasnodar International Airport (russian: Международный аэропорт Краснодар), also known as Pashkovsky Airport (russian: Аэропорт Пашковский), (IATA: KRR, ICAO: URKK) is the main airport serving the ...
), but it closed down in 2012 and now the main ones are Aeroflot and
Rossiya Airlines Rossiya Airlinesrossiya-airlines.com - About us
retrieved 2016-09-19
( ...
. The largest hotels in the city include the Intourist, Hotel Moskva, and Hotel Platan. Krasnodar uses a 220 V/50 Hz power supply with two round-pin outlets, like most European countries. There are also two railway stations in Krasnodar: Krasnodar-1 and Krasnodar-2. File:Трамвай 71-623 на улице Беляева в Набережных Челнах.jpg, KTM-23 tram ЭКОбус в Краснодаре.jpg, Trolza 5250 Ecobus hybrid bus Trolleybuses in Krasnodar in 2007.jpg, ZiU-682 trolleybuses Железнодорожный вокзал станции Краснодар-1.jpg, Krasnodar-I railway station International terminal of Krasnodar Airport.jpg, Krasnodar International Airport (Pashkovsky) international passenger terminal


Education

In Krasnodar there are 15 gymnasiums (academic secondary schools) 5
lyceum The lyceum is a category of educational institution defined within the education system of many countries, mainly in Europe. The definition varies among countries; usually it is a type of secondary school. Generally in that type of school the t ...
s (colleges of higher education), 110 schools of general education and 20 specialized schools, as well as 7 non-state lyceums and schools.Рейтинг школ: кто первый?
«Югополис», 05.01.2011
The city has numerous institutions of higher education, including some state universities (
Kuban State University The Kuban State University (russian: Кубанский государственный университет KubSU) is a university in Krasnodar, in the Kuban area of southern Russia. It was founded on September 19, 1920, and since then it ...
,
Kuban State Technological University Kuban State Technological University ( Russian: ''Кубанский государственный технологический университет''), also referred to as the Kuban State University of Technology, is a Russian public techn ...
,
Kuban State Agrarian University Kuban State Agrarian University is a university located in Krasnodar, a city in southern Russia. Faculties Agriculture * Agronomical faculty * Agrochemistry * Plant protection * Veterinary medicine * Zooengineering and managemanet * ...
,
Kuban State Medical University Kuban State Medical University is a medical school in Russia. It is located in Krasnodar, the capital of Krasnodar Krai in South Russia. Kuban State Medical University was founded by the government of the Russian Federation The Government o ...
, etc.). Other universities include: Marketing and Social Technology University of Krasnodar.


Coat of arms

The
coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central ele ...
of Yekaterinodar was introduced in 1841 by the Cossack
yesaul Yesaul, osaul or osavul (russian: есау́л, translit=yesaul, uk, осаву́л, translit=osavul) (from Turkic yasaul - ''chief''), is a post and a rank in the Ukrainian Cossack units. The first records of the rank imply that it was introd ...
Ivan Chernik. The royal letter "E" in the middle is for Ekaterina II (Russian for
Catherine II , en, Catherine Alexeievna Romanova, link=yes , house = , father = Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst , mother = Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp , birth_date = , birth_name = Princess Sophie of Anha ...
). It also depicts the date the city was founded, the Imperial
double headed eagle In heraldry and vexillology, the double-headed eagle (or double-eagle) is a charge associated with the concept of Empire. Most modern uses of the symbol are directly or indirectly associated with its use by the late Byzantine Empire, originall ...
(symbolizing
Tsar Tsar ( or ), also spelled ''czar'', ''tzar'', or ''csar'', is a title used by East Slavs, East and South Slavs, South Slavic monarchs. The term is derived from the Latin word ''Caesar (title), caesar'', which was intended to mean "emperor" i ...
's patronage of the Black Sea Cossacks), a
bulawa The bulava or buława ( Polish spelling: ''buława''; Ukrainian spelling: ''булава'' 'bula'va'' is a ceremonial mace or baton or sceptre. Poland, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Historically the ''buława'' ...
of a Cossack
ataman Ataman (variants: ''otaman'', ''wataman'', ''vataman''; Russian: атаман, uk, отаман) was a title of Cossack and haidamak leaders of various kinds. In the Russian Empire, the term was the official title of the supreme military comman ...
, Yekaterinodar fortress, and flags with letters "E", "P", "A", and "N" standing for Catherine II,
Paul I Paul I may refer to: *Paul of Samosata (200–275), Bishop of Antioch * Paul I of Constantinople (died c. 350), Archbishop of Constantinople *Pope Paul I (700–767) *Paul I Šubić of Bribir (c. 1245–1312), Ban of Croatia and Lord of Bosnia *Pau ...
,
Alexander I Alexander I may refer to: * Alexander I of Macedon, king of Macedon 495–454 BC * Alexander I of Epirus (370–331 BC), king of Epirus * Pope Alexander I (died 115), early bishop of Rome * Pope Alexander I of Alexandria (died 320s), patriarch of ...
and Nicholas I. Yellow stars around the shield symbolized 59 Black Sea
stanitsa A stanitsa ( rus, станица, p=stɐˈnʲitsə; uk, станиця, stanytsya) is a village inside a Cossack host ( uk, військо, viys’ko; russian: казачье войско, kazach’ye voysko, sometimes translated as "Cossack Ar ...
s around the city.


Notable people

*
Nina Agadzhanova Nina Agadzhanova (Shutko) (27 October / 8 November 1889 – 14 December 1974) was a Soviet Union, Soviet revolutionary, screenwriter, and film director. She is most widely recognized for writing ''The Year 1905'', the original screenplay from which ...
(1889–1974), film writer and director, *
Alexandre Bondar Alexandre Bondar (russian: Александр Бондарь; born 21 September 1972) is a Russian writer and novelist, " literary remake" genre founder. He was born in Krasnodar, Russia, in 1972. He studied at Kuban State University in the Depart ...
(born 1972), writer and
novelist A novelist is an author or writer of novels, though often novelists also write in other genres of both fiction and non-fiction. Some novelists are professional novelists, thus make a living writing novels and other fiction, while others aspire to ...
*
Natalia Chernova Natalia Chernova (Russian: Наталья Чернова; born March 6, 1976 in Krasnodar, Russia)
(born 1976), gymnast * Tatyana Chernova (born 1988), heptathlon athlete *
Violetta Egorova Violetta Egorova (Russian: Виолетта Викторовна Егорова) is a Russians, Russian concert pianist. Biography She was born in Krasnodar on November 16, 1969, a city on the southernmost section of Russia. She began to play an ...
(born 1969), concert pianist *
Ilya Ezhov Ilya Ezhov (born January 12, 1987) is a Russian professional ice hockey goaltender. He is currently playing with Salavat Yulaev Ufa of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). Playing career Ezhov made his Kontinental Hockey League debut playing wit ...
(born 1987), ice hockey goaltender,
Gagarin Cup The Gagarin Cup (russian: Кубок Гагарина, Kubok Gagarina) is the trophy presented to the winner of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) playoffs, and is named after Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, the first human in space. The Cup was ...
champion * Pyotr Gavrilov (1900–1979), Soviet war hero, last defender of the Brest Fortress *
Alexander Karasyov Alexander Karasyov (Russian — Александр Владимирович Карасёв, transl. ''Alexandr Vladimirovich Karasev'') is a Russian writer living in St. Petersburg, Russia. Biography Alexander Karasyov was born in Krasnodar, ...
(born 1971), writer *
Irina Karavayeva Irina Vladimirovna Karavayeva (born 18 May 1975 in Krasnodar) is a Russian trampoline gymnast, competing at an international level since 1990. Career Originally beginning her sports career as a tumbler, Karavayeva soon switched to trampolini ...
(born 1975), trampoline gymnast *
Eduard Koksharov Eduard Aleksandrovich Koksharov (russian: link=no, Эдуард Александрович Кокшаров, born 4 November 1975) is a Russian handball player and coach of the Russian national team. He played as a left winger. He retired from ...
(born 1975), handball player *
Viktor Likhonosov Viktor Ivanovich Likhonosov (russian: Ви́ктор Ива́нович Лихоно́сов, 30 April 1936 – 9 August 2021) was a Russian writer, laureate of the Russian State Prize (1988), the International Mikhail Sholokhov prize and the fir ...
(1936–2021), writer *
Boris Loza Boris Loza (May 5, 1960) is the founder of SafePatrol Solutions and Tego Systems, as well as a Certified Information Systems Security Professional ( CISSP). He was born in Krasnodar, Russia, where he attained a Master's degree at the age of 22 ...
(born 1960), information systems security professional * Anna Netrebko (born 1971), opera singer *
Gennady Padalka Gennady Ivanovich Padalka (russian: Гeннадий Иванович Падалка; born 21 June 1958 in Krasnodar, Soviet Union) is a Russian Air Force officer and a Roscosmos cosmonaut. Padalka currently holds the world record for List of spac ...
(born 1958), cosmonaut *
Lazaros Papadopoulos Lazaros Papadopoulos (Greek: Λάζαρος Παπαδόπουλος; born 3 June 1980) is a Greek former professional basketball player. He was listed at 7 ft (2.13 m) 265 lbs (120 kg), and he played the center position. During hi ...
, (born 1980), Greek basketball player *
Viktor Popkov Viktor Alekseyevich Popkov (russian: Ви́ктор Алексе́евич Попко́в; June 17, 1946 – June 2, 2001) was a Russian dissident, Christian, humanitarian, human rights activist and journalist. A deeply religious Old Believer an ...
(1946–2001), Old Believer & Humanitarian *
Andrei Shkuro Andrei Grigoriyevich Shkuro (russian: Андре́й Григо́рьевич Шкуро́, Ukrainian: Андрій Григорович Шкуро; 19 January 1887 ( O.S.: 7 January) – 17 January 1947) was a Lieutenant General (1919) of th ...
(1887–1947), counter revolutionary *
Alexander Tamanian Alexander Tamanian (, March 4, 1878 – February 20, 1936) was a Russian-born Armenian neoclassical architect, well known for his work in the city of Yerevan. Life and work Tamanian was born in the city of Yekaterinodar in 1878 in the family ...
(1878–1936),
neoclassical architect Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style produced by the Neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy and France. It became one of the most prominent architectural styles in the Western world. The prevailing style ...
*
Sergei Tiviakov Sergei Tiviakov (russian: Серге́й Тивяков; born 14 February 1973) is a Russian–Dutch chess grandmaster. He is a three-time Dutch Champion and was European Champion in 2008. Chess career Tiviakov won the World Under-18 Champion ...
(born 1973), chess Grandmaster *
Sergei Vorzhev Sergei Vorzhev (Russian: ''Сергей Дмитриевич Воржев;'' born 21 February 1950) is a Russian artist based in Krasnodar. Biography Sergei Dmitrievich Vorzhev was born on 21 February 1950 in Varenikovskaya cossack village of ...
(born 1950), artist *
Inna Zhukova Inna Zhukova ( be, Іна Іванаўна Жукава; russian: Инна Ивановна Жукова: ''Inna Ivanovna Zhukova'', born on September 6, 1986 in Krasnodar, Soviet Union) is a Belarusian individual rhythmic gymnast. She is the 200 ...
(born 1986), rhythmic gymnast *
Yevgeniya Zhigulenko Yevgeniya Andreyevna Zhigulenko (russian: Евгения Андреевна Жигуленко; 1 December 1920 – 2 March 1994) was a pilot and navigator in the Night Witches, 46th Taman Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment of the Soviet Ai ...
(1920-1994) navigator 46th Taman Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment, film-maker


International relations


Twin towns – sister cities

Krasnodar is twinned with: *
Burgas Burgas ( bg, Бургас, ), sometimes transliterated as ''Bourgas'', is the second largest city on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast in the region of Northern Thrace and the fourth-largest in Bulgaria after Sofia, Plovdiv, and Varna, with a popu ...
, Bulgaria *
Ferrara Ferrara (, ; egl, Fràra ) is a city and ''comune'' in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital of the Province of Ferrara. it had 132,009 inhabitants. It is situated northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream ...
, Italy *
Harbin Harbin (; mnc, , v=Halbin; ) is a sub-provincial city and the provincial capital and the largest city of Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, as well as the second largest city by urban population after Shenyang and largest ...
, China *
Karlsruhe Karlsruhe ( , , ; South Franconian: ''Kallsruh'') is the third-largest city of the German state (''Land'') of Baden-Württemberg after its capital of Stuttgart and Mannheim, and the 22nd-largest city in the nation, with 308,436 inhabitants. ...
, Germany * Nancy, France *
Sukhumi Sukhumi (russian: Суху́м(и), ) or Sokhumi ( ka, სოხუმი, ), also known by its Abkhaz name Aqwa ( ab, Аҟәа, ''Aqwa''), is a city in a wide bay on the Black Sea's eastern coast. It is both the capital and largest city of ...
, Georgia *
Tallahassee Tallahassee ( ) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Florida. It is the county seat and only incorporated municipality in Leon County. Tallahassee became the capital of Florida, then the Florida Territory, in 1824. In 2020, the population ...
, United States *
Wels Wels (; Central Bavarian: ''Wös'') is a city in Upper Austria, on the Traun River near Linz. It is the county seat of Wels-Land, and with a population of approximately 60,000, the eighth largest city in Austria. Geography Wels is in the H ...
, Austria


Partner cities

Krasnodar cooperates with: *
Larnaca Larnaca ( el, Λάρνακα ; tr, Larnaka) is a city on the south east coast of Cyprus and the capital of the district of the same name. It is the third-largest city in the country, after Nicosia and Limassol, with a metro population of 144 ...
, Cyprus *
Nottingham Nottingham ( , East Midlands English, locally ) is a city status in the United Kingdom, city and Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority area in Nottinghamshire, East Midlands, England. It is located north-west of London, south-east ...
, United Kingdom *
Yerevan Yerevan ( , , hy, Երևան , sometimes spelled Erevan) is the capital and largest city of Armenia and one of the world's List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest continuously inhabited cities. Situated along the Hrazdan River, Y ...
, Armenia


See also

*
Geography of Krasnodar Krasnodar is a city in Southern Russia. It has a total area of . It is the largest city and capital of Krasnodar Krai by population and the second-largest by area. It is the 17th-largest city in Russia as of 2010. It is located on the right bank ...
*
List of mayors of Krasnodar A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby unio ...


References


Notes


Sources

* * * * * * *Lichtblau, Eric. "The Nazis Next Door: How America Became A Safe Haven For Hitler's Men" (2014) pp: 47–48.


Bibliography


External links


Official website of Krasnodar City Administration and City DumaKrasnodar newsNews and events in KrasnodarOld pictures of Yekaterinodar
{{Use mdy dates, date=September 2012 Cities and towns in Krasnodar Krai Kuban Oblast 1794 establishments in the Russian Empire Populated places established in 1793 Holocaust locations in Russia