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The is a
diesel multiple unit A diesel multiple unit or DMU is a multiple-unit train powered by on-board diesel engines. A DMU requires no separate locomotive, as the engines are incorporated into one or more of the carriages. Diesel-powered single-unit railcars are also ...
(DMU) train type introduced by
Japanese National Railways The abbreviated JNR or , was the business entity that operated Japan's national railway network from 1949 to 1987. Network Railways As of June 1, 1949, the date of establishment of JNR, it operated of narrow gauge () railways in all 46 pref ...
(JNR) in 1977 and operated by all
Japan Railways Group The Japan Railways Group, more commonly known as the or simply JR, consists of seven for-profit stock companies that took over most of the assets and operations of the government-owned Japanese National Railways (JNR) on April 1, 1987. Mo ...
companies on suburban and rural services in Japan. Since 2017, the train type has seen use by other private railway companies in Japan, following the removal of services by Japan Railways groups. Additionally, it has also seen use in overseas operations in
Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...
since 2011.


Overview

The KiHa 40 series diesel multiple unit was introduced in 1977 by JNR to replace ageing KiHa 10 series DMUs on suburban and rural services nationwide. A total of 888 vehicles were built between 1977 and 1982, broadly divided into three main types: KiHa 40, KiHa 47, and KiHa 48. These were subdivided as shown below, with further variants and modifications made later in their lives by the various JR Group companies. "Cold" regions refers to the Tohoku and Chubu regions.


JR Hokkaido

Following the privatization and splitting of JNR in April 1987,
JR Hokkaido The is one of the constituent companies of the Japan Railways Group (JR Group), and is often referred to using its official abbreviation of . It operates intercity and local rail services in Hokkaido, Japan. The company introduced Kitaca, a sm ...
received a total of 157 KiHa 40 series vehicles (150 KiHa 40s and 7 KiHa 48s). , JR Hokkaido operates 153 KiHa 40 series vehicles, classified as follows. * KiHa 40-300 * KiHa 40-330 * KiHa 40-350 * KiHa 40-400 * KiHa 40-700 * KiHa 40-1700 * KiHa 48-1300 * KiHa 400-100 * KiHa 480-300 * KiHa 480-1300 Kiha40-1740.jpg, KiHa 40 1740 in February 2022 JR hokkaido kiha400 141 sarobetsu.jpg, KiHa 400-141 Kiha40-1755 Cab.jpg, Driver's cab of KiHa 40 1755 in September 2021 Kiha40-1716 Inside.jpg, Interior of KiHa 40 1716 in May 2021 Kiha40-1755 Long-seat.jpg, Longitudinal seating of KiHa 40 1755 in September 2021 Kiha40-1755 Cross-seat.jpg, Cross seating of KiHa 40 1755 in September 2021 JR Hokkaido kiha400-502 inside.jpg, Interior of KiHa 400-502


JR East

Following the privatization and splitting of JNR in April 1987,
JR East The is a major passenger railway company in Japan and is the largest of the seven Japan Railways Group companies. The company name is officially abbreviated as JR-EAST or JR East in English, and as in Japanese. The company's headquarters are ...
received a total of 219 KiHa 40 series vehicles (117 KiHa 40s, 28 KiHa 47s, and 74 KiHa 48s). As of 1 April 2010, JR East operates 159 KiHa 40 series vehicles, classified as follows. KiHa 48 502 and KiHa 48 1512 were derailed and badly damaged by the
2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami The occurred at 14:46 JST (05:46 UTC) on 11 March. The magnitude 9.0–9.1 (M) undersea megathrust earthquake had an epicenter in the Pacific Ocean, east of the Oshika Peninsula of the Tōhoku region, and lasted approximately six minutes ...
on 11 March 2011, and were withdrawn. * KiHa 40-500 * KiHa 40-1000 * KiHa 40-2000 * KiHa 47-0 * KiHa 47-500 * KiHa 47-1000 * KiHa 47-1500 * KiHa 48-500 * KiHa 48-1500 Kiha40-500 Tadami-line.jpg, KiHa 40 584 in May 2018, Tohoku livery on
Tadami Line The is a scenic railway line in Japan operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It connects Aizu-Wakamatsu Station at Aizuwakamatsu in Fukushima Prefecture with Koide Station at Uonuma in Niigata Prefecture. The line opened in discont ...
Kiha40-1003 20110102.jpg, KiHa 40 1003 in January 2011, repainted into old JNR livery Uetsu line Type47.jpg, KiHa 47 515 in March 2017 Kiha48-519.jpg, KiHa 48 519 in February 2021, Gono livery on
Ōu Main Line The is a railway line in Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It connects Fukushima Station through Akita Station to Aomori Station. Since the opening of the Yamagata Shinkansen on July 1, 1992, the Fukushima–Yamag ...
Carried_train_in_Ishinomaki_Line.JPG, KiHa 48 502 and KiHa 48 1512 after the tsunami in 2011 Kiha40-Tadami-Line-Inside.jpg, Interior of KiHa 40-502 in May 2018 Kiha48-Oga-Line-Inside.jpg, Interior of KiHa 48 in April 2017


Joyful Train sets

* ''Furusato'' (KiHa 48-2500) * ''Kirakira Michinoku'' (KiHa 48) * ''Resort Minori'' (KiHa 48-500) * ''
Resort Shirakami The is a limited-stop "Rapid" service operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) as a sightseeing train along the scenic coastal Gonō Line in the north of Japan since March 1997. Operations The train service operates between and ...
"Aoike"'' (KiHa 48) * ''
Resort Shirakami The is a limited-stop "Rapid" service operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) as a sightseeing train along the scenic coastal Gonō Line in the north of Japan since March 1997. Operations The train service operates between and ...
"Buna"'' (KiHa 48) * ''
Resort Shirakami The is a limited-stop "Rapid" service operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) as a sightseeing train along the scenic coastal Gonō Line in the north of Japan since March 1997. Operations The train service operates between and ...
"Kumagera"'' (KiHa 48) * ''Umineko'' (KiHa 48) * ''View Coaster Kazekko'' (KiHa 48) * Koshino Shu*Kura (KiHa 40 and 48) JR East diesel multiple units Furusato Hana.jpg, KiHa 48 ''Furusato'' in November 2007 VIEW_COASTER_kazekko_inside.jpg, Interior of ''View Coaster Kazekko'' Kiha40 shukura.jpg, ''Koshino Shu*Kura'' on
Shin'etsu Main Line The Shinetsu Main Line ( ja, 信越本線, ) is a railway line, consisting of three geographically separated sections, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in Japan. It was originally one continuous line connecting and via . S ...
ShuKura 2.jpg, Interior of ''Koshino Shu*Kura''


JR Central

Following the privatization and splitting of JNR in April 1987,
JR Central is the main railway company operating in the Chūbu (Nagoya) region of central Japan. It is officially abbreviated in English as JR Central and in Japanese as JR Tōkai ( ja, JR東海, links=no). ''Tōkai'' is a reference to the geographical ...
received a total of 59 KiHa 40 series vehicles (14 KiHa 40s, 5 KiHa 47s, and 40 KiHa 48s). By April 2010, JR Central operated 59 KiHa 40 series vehicles, classified as follows. These were withdrawn by 2016. * KiHa 40-3000 * KiHa 40-3300 * KiHa 40-5000 * KiHa 40-5500 * KiHa 40-5800 * KiHa 40-6000 * KiHa 40-6300 * KiHa 47-5000 * KiHa 47-6000 * KiHa 48-3500 * KiHa 48-3800 * KiHa 48-5000 * KiHa 48-5300 * KiHa 48-5500 * KiHa 48-5800 * KiHa 48-6000 * KiHa 48-6300 * KiHa 48-6500 * KiHa 48-6800 JRC-Kiha40-6300DC.jpg, KiHa 40 6300 in September 2004 JNR KiHa 48-5500 serving JR East.JPG, KiHa 48 5500 in March 2008


JR-West

Following the privatization and splitting of JNR in April 1987,
JR-West , also referred to as , is one of the Japan Railways Group (JR Group) companies and operates in western Honshu. It has its headquarters in Kita-ku, Osaka. It is listed in the Tokyo Stock Exchange, is a constituent of the TOPIX Large70 index, and i ...
received a total of 257 KiHa 40 series vehicles (63 KiHa 40s, 189 KiHa 47s, and 5 KiHa 48s). , JR-West operates 255 KiHa 40 series vehicles, classified as follows. * KiHa 40-3000 * KiHa 41-2000 * KiHa 47-2000 * KiHa 47-2500 * KiHa 48-3000 * KiHa 48-3500 JR West Type KiHa40 No.2007 1997.jpg, KiHa 40 2007 in 1997 Kiha47-2503.JPG, KiHa 47 2503 in August 2007 Kiha47R-1061 Cab.jpg, Driver's cab of KiHa 47 1061 in December 2021 Kiha47R-1061 Inside.jpg, Interior of KiHa 47 1061 in December 2021 Kiha47R-1061 Priority-seat.jpg, Priority seating of KiHa 47 1061 in December 2021


Joyful Train sets

* ''Misuzu Shiosai'' (KiHa 47) * ''Setonai Marine View'' (KiHa 47) * ''Belles Montagnes et Mer'' (KiHa 40) * ''Hanayome Noren'' (KiHa 48) * ''Tenkū no shiro Takeda-jō ato'' (KiHa 40) JRW DC Kiha47-7000 Misuzu-Shiosai.jpg, ''Misuzu Shiosai'' in July 2011 JRW DC Kiha47-7003 inside.jpg, Interior of''Misuzu Shiosai'' JRW DC47 setouchi.JPG, ''Setonai Marine View'' in March 2011 Marine View - Free Space.JPG, Interior of''Setonai Marine View''in May 2016 JRW kiha40-2027 Belles montagnes et mer 20160529.jpg, * ''Belles Montagnes et Mer'' JRW kiha48 hanayomenoren 20160529.jpg, ''Hanayome Noren'' in May 2016


JR Shikoku

Following the privatization and splitting of JNR in April 1987,
JR Shikoku The , commonly known as , is the smallest of the seven constituent companies of the Japan Railways Group (JR Group). It operates of intercity and local rail services in the four prefectures on the island of Shikoku in Japan. The company has it ...
received a total of 53 KiHa 40 series vehicles (11 KiHa 40s and 42 KiHa 47s). , JR Shikoku operates 43 KiHa 40 series vehicles, classified as follows. * KiHa 40-2000 * KiHa 47-0 * KiHa 47-500 * KiHa 47-1000 * KiHa 47-1500 JRS Kiha47-118.jpg, KiHa 47 118 in January 2020 JRS-Kiha47-Inside.jpg, Interior of KiHa 47 in December 2018


Joyful Train sets

* ''Iyonada Monogatari'' (KiHa 47) JRS DC Kiro47-1401.jpg, ''Iyonada Monogatari'' in May 2017 Iyonada Monogatari 20170506-002.jpg, Interior of ''Iyonada Monogatari''


JR Kyushu

Following the privatization and splitting of JNR in April 1987,
JR Kyushu The , also referred to as , is one of the seven constituent companies of Japan Railways Group (JR Group). It operates intercity rail services within Kyushu, Japan and the JR Kyushu Jet Ferry Beetle hydrofoil service across the Tsushima Strait ...
received a total of 142 KiHa 40 series vehicles (36 KiHa 40s and 106 KiHa 47s). As of 1 April 2010, JR Kyushu operates 140 KiHa 40 series vehicles, classified as follows. * KiHa 40-7000 * KiHa 40-8000 * KiHa 47-3500 * KiHa 47-4500 * KiHa 47-5000 * KiHa 47-6000 * KiHa 47-8000 * KiHa 47-8500 * KiHa 47-9000 * KiHa 47-9500 * KiHa 140-2000 * KiHa 147-0 * KiHa 147-1000 JRK Kiha40-8126.jpg, KiHa 40 8126 in January 2022 Kashi-Line-Kiha47-9031.jpg, KiHa 47 9031 in August 2007, AQUA LINER livery on
Kashii Line The is a railway line in Japan operated by Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu). It connects Saitozaki Station in Fukuoka with Umi Station in Umi. Stations History The Hakata Bay Railway Co. opened the Saitozaki - Sue section in 1904, extendin ...
Kiha40-8101 Cab.jpg, Driver's cab of KiHa 40 8101 in January 2022 Kiha40-8126 Inside.jpg, Interior of KiHa 40 8126 in January 2022 Kiha147-50 Inside.jpg, Interior of KiHa 147 50 in December 2021 Kiha147-50 Priority-seat.jpg, Priority seating of KiHa 147 50 in December 2021


Joyful Train sets

* ''
Hayato no Kaze The was a limited express service in Japan which ran between Kagoshima-Chūō Station and Yoshimatsu Station via the Kagoshima Main Line, Nippō Main Line, and Hisatsu Line. It was operated by Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu). Its final ru ...
'' (KiHa 47/147) * ''
Ibusuki no Tamatebako The is a limited express service operated by Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu) in Japan since March 2011. It operates between Kagoshima-Chūō Station and Ibusuki Station via the Ibusuki Makurazaki Line. Service pattern There are three retu ...
'' (KiHa 47/140) * ''
Aru Ressha The is a replica of a J. G. Brill Company two-car deluxe coach operated as an excursion train by Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu) in Japan since August 2015. Overview Details of the planned excursion train, provisionally called the "Sweets T ...
'' (KiRoShi 47) File:Kiha47 Hayatono-Kaze Nippo-Line.jpg, ''Hayato no Kaze'' in January 2022 File:Hayatono-Kaze Inside Kiha147-1045.jpg, Interior of ''Hayato no Kaze'' File:JRK DC Kiha47-8060.jpg, ''Ibusuki no Tamatebako'' in August 2012 File:JRK DC Kiha140 2066 Inside.jpg, Interior of ''Ibusuki no Tamatebako'' File:JRKyushu DMU ARU RESSHA.jpg, ''Aru Ressha'' in October 2015


Resale


Nishikigawa Railway

In 2017, 1 KiHa 40-1009 diesel carriage was taken over by Nishikigawa Railway, that ended operation on the
Karasuyama Line The is a railway line in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan, owned and operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It connects in the town of Takanezawa with in Nasukarasuyama. Services Trains run approximately once every hour, traveling the ...
by JR East in March 2017, the former diesel train is remodeled in retro style, and started operation on September 16 of the same year. File:Nishikigawa Railway DMU Kiha40-1009 20171104.jpg, Former JR East KiHa 40 series DMU car KiHa 40-1009 at Nishikichō Station on the Nishikigawa Railway in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan.


Kominato Railway

2 KiHa 40 carriages (KiHa 40-2021 and KiHa 40-2026), which ended operation on the
Tadami Line The is a scenic railway line in Japan operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It connects Aizu-Wakamatsu Station at Aizuwakamatsu in Fukushima Prefecture with Koide Station at Uonuma in Niigata Prefecture. The line opened in discont ...
in March 2020, were transferred to
Kominato Railway The is a railway line in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator . It extends from the west coast of central Bōsō Peninsula (where it connects with the Uchibō Line at ) to in the town of Ōtaki, Chiba, Ōtaki (wh ...
in May 2020 with the Tohoku livery. File:JNR 40 series in soga station.jpg, The former JR East KiHa 40 is scheduled to be transferred to Kominato Railway is detained at Soga Station.


Overseas operations

A large fleet of former KiHa 40 series cars from
JR East The is a major passenger railway company in Japan and is the largest of the seven Japan Railways Group companies. The company name is officially abbreviated as JR-EAST or JR East in English, and as in Japanese. The company's headquarters are ...
,
JR Hokkaido The is one of the constituent companies of the Japan Railways Group (JR Group), and is often referred to using its official abbreviation of . It operates intercity and local rail services in Hokkaido, Japan. The company introduced Kitaca, a sm ...
,
JR Shikoku The , commonly known as , is the smallest of the seven constituent companies of the Japan Railways Group (JR Group). It operates of intercity and local rail services in the four prefectures on the island of Shikoku in Japan. The company has it ...
, and
JR Central is the main railway company operating in the Chūbu (Nagoya) region of central Japan. It is officially abbreviated in English as JR Central and in Japanese as JR Tōkai ( ja, JR東海, links=no). ''Tōkai'' is a reference to the geographical ...
were shipped to Myanmar between 2011 and 2016. A total of 48 diesel cars (including KiHa 40, KiHa 47, & KiHa 48) have been shipped to Myanmar for overseas operations. The cars are used on the
Yangon Circular Railway Yangon Circular Railway ( my, ရန်ကုန် မြို့ပတ် ရထား ) is the local commuter rail network that serves the Yangon metropolitan area. Operated by Myanmar Railways, the 39-station loop system connects satellite t ...
.


Preserved examples

* KiHa 40 519: Next to Onagawa Station,
Onagawa, Miyagi is a town located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 6,319, and a population density of 97 persons per km2 in 3,110 households. The total area of the town is . Geography Onagawa is located on the rugged Sanr ...
. However, it was damaged by the
2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami The occurred at 14:46 JST (05:46 UTC) on 11 March. The magnitude 9.0–9.1 (M) undersea megathrust earthquake had an epicenter in the Pacific Ocean, east of the Oshika Peninsula of the Tōhoku region, and lasted approximately six minutes ...
on 11 March 2011, and was withdrawn. * KiHa 40 764: Next to Ikutora Station, Minamifurano, Hokkaido as a cutaway body. This DMU was modified to resemble a KiHa 12 unit and used in
Yasuo Furuhata was a Japanese film director. He was a director of Toei film company and he often worked with Ken Takakura in such films as '' Eki'' and ''Shin Abashiri Bangaichi''. He won the 2000 Japan Academy Prize for Director of the Year and 31st Internat ...
's 1999 film . File:Kiha 40 519 Onagawa 20070924.jpg, Preserved KiHa 40 519 next to Onagawa Station in September 2007 File:JRH-Kiha40 764 Cutting body.jpg, KiHa 40 764 in August 2011


In popular culture

*The KiHa 140 is featured as a non-driveable train in the ''
Microsoft Train Simulator ''Microsoft Train Simulator'' is a 2001 train simulator developed for Microsoft Windows. It was released on May 31, 2001, and developed by the UK-based company Kuju Entertainment. It sold one million units worldwide by 2005. Features Microsoft ...
'' computer game. *In 2017
NHK World-Japan NHK World-Japan (formerly and also known simply as NHK World) is the international arm of the Japanese state-controlled public broadcaster NHK. Its services are aimed at the overseas market, similar to those offered by other national public-ser ...
dedicated an episode of their weekly show ''
Japan Railway Journal Japan Railway Journal is a TV program from NHK World TV documenting rail transport in Japan that started broadcasting on March 8, 2015. Overview The program showcases the charm and the cutting-edge technology of rail transport in Japan. New e ...
'' to the KiHa 40 series.


References


Further reading

*


External links


JR Central KiHa 40/47/48 information
{{JR Kyushu rolling stock 40 series Japanese National Railways Hokkaido Railway Company East Japan Railway Company Central Japan Railway Company West Japan Railway Company Shikoku Railway Company Kyushu Railway Company Train-related introductions in 1977 Niigata Transys rolling stock Fuji rolling stock