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Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra ( Russian and Mansi: Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ — Югра, ''Khanty-Mansiysky avtonomny okrug — Yugra;'' Khanty: Хӑнты-Мансийской Aвтономной Округ) or Khantia-Mansia is a federal subject of
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-ei ...
(an
autonomous okrug Autonomous okrugs ( rus, автономный округ, ''avtonomnyy okrug''; more correctly referred to as "autonomous districts" or "autonomous areas") are a type of federal subject of the Russian Federation and simultaneously an administra ...
of Tyumen Oblast). It has a population of 1,532,243 as of the 2010 Census. The peoples native to the region are the Khanty and the Mansi, known collectively as Ob-Ugric people, but today the two groups only constitute 2.1% of the region's population. The local languages, Khanty and Mansi, enjoy special status in the autonomous okrug and along with their distant relative Hungarian are part of the Ugric branch of the Finno-Ugric languages. Russian remains the only official language. In 2012, the majority (51%) of the oil produced in Russia came from Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, giving the region great economic importance in Russia and the world. It borders
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YaNAO; russian: Яма́ло-Не́нецкий автоно́мный о́круг (ЯНАО), ; yrk, Ямалы-Ненёцие автономной ӈокрук, ) or Yamalia (russian: Ямалия) is a fe ...
to the north,
Komi Republic The Komi Republic (russian: Республика Коми; kv, Коми Республика), sometimes simply referred to as Komi, is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. Its capital is the city of Syktyvkar. The population of th ...
to the northwest,
Sverdlovsk Oblast Sverdlovsk Oblast ( rus, Свердловская область, Sverdlovskaya oblast) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia located in the Ural Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Yekaterinburg, formerly known as ...
to the west, Tyumen Oblast to the south, Tomsk Oblast to the south and southeast and
Krasnoyarsk Krai Krasnoyarsk Krai ( rus, Красноя́рский край, r=Krasnoyarskiy kray, p=krəsnɐˈjarskʲɪj ˈkraj) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), with its administrative center in the city of Krasnoyarsk, the third-largest city in Si ...
in the east.


History

The okrug was established on December 10, 1930, as Ostyak-Vogul National Okrug (). In October 1940, it was renamed the Khanty-Mansi National Okrug. In 1977, along with other national okrugs of the
Russian SFSR The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR or RSFSR ( rus, Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, Rossíyskaya Sovétskaya Federatívnaya Soci ...
, it became an autonomous okrug (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug). The administrative center is Khanty-Mansiysk. In 2003, the word "
Yugra Yugra or Iuhra ( Old Russian Югра ''Jugra''; Byzantine Greek Οὔγγροι ''Oὔggroi''; la, Ongariae

Geography

The okrug occupies the central part of the
West Siberian Plain. Principal rivers include the Ob and its tributaries Irtysh and Vatinsky Yogan. There are numerous lakes in the okrug, the largest ones are
Numto Numto (russian: Нумто) is a freshwater lake in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia. Google Earth The village of Numto, part of the Kazym rural settlement, is located at the southwestern of the lake by its shore. Historically it was the p ...
, Tormemtor, Leushinsky Tuman and Tursuntsky Tuman, among others.
Google Earth Google Earth is a computer program that renders a 3D computer graphics, 3D representation of Earth based primarily on satellite imagery. The program maps the Earth by superimposition, superimposing satellite images, aerial photography, and geog ...
The northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude traverses the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.


Administrative divisions


Demographics

Population: 1 674 676 (2020); Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug has an area of 523,100 km2, but the area is sparsely populated. The administrative center is Khanty-Mansiysk, but the largest cities are
Surgut Surgut ( rus, Сургу́т, p=sʊrˈgut; Khanty: Сәрханӆ, ''Sərhanł'') is a city in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the Ob River near its junction with the Irtysh River. It is one of the few cities in Russia to be ...
, Nizhnevartovsk, and Nefteyugansk.


Settlements


Ethnic groups

The indigenous population ( Khanty, Mansi, and Nenets) is only 2.2% of the total population in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The exploitation of natural gas in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug has attracted immigrants from all over the former Soviet Union. The 2010 Census counted twenty-five ethnic groups of more than two thousand persons each. The ethnic composition is as follows: Population of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug: Historical population figures are shown below:


Vital statistics

:Source
Russian Federal State Statistics Service


Religion

According to a 2012 survey 38.1% of the population of Yugra adheres to the
Russian Orthodox Church , native_name_lang = ru , image = Moscow July 2011-7a.jpg , imagewidth = , alt = , caption = Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow, Russia , abbreviation = ROC , type ...
, 5% are unaffiliated generic
Christians Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρ� ...
, 1% of the population adheres to the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery) or to Khanty-Mansi native faith.
Muslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...
s (mostly
Tatars The Tatars ()Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary
is an umbrella term for different Turki ...
) constitute 11% of the population. In addition, 23% of the population declares to be
spiritual but not religious "Spiritual but not religious" (SBNR), also known as "spiritual but not affiliated" (SBNA), is a popular phrase and initialism used to self-identify a life stance of spirituality that does not regard organized religion as the sole or most valuable ...
, 11% is
atheist Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities. Less broadly, atheism is a rejection of the belief that any deities exist. In an even narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there no ...
, and 10.9% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question. According to recent reports Jehovah's Witnesses have been subjected to torture and detention in Surgut.


Transport

In Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the primary transport of goods is by water and railway transport; 29% is transported by road, and 2% by aviation. The total length of railway tracks is 1,106 km. The length of roads is more than 18,000 km.


See also

* Hockey Club Ugra * List of Chairmen of the Duma of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug


References


External links


Official website of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – YugraOfficial site of Khanty-Mansi DumaInformational website of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra
{{Use mdy dates, date=December 2012 Russian-speaking countries and territories States and territories established in 1930