Krasnosielc is a
village
A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town (although the word is often used to describe both hamlets and smaller towns), with a population typically ranging from a few hundred to ...
in
Maków County
__NOTOC__
Maków County ( pl, powiat makowski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government re ...
(
Masovian Voivodeship
The Masovian Voivodeship, also known as the Mazovia Province ( pl, województwo mazowieckie ) is a voivodeship (province) in east-central Poland, with its capital located in the city of Warsaw, which also serves as the capital of the country. The ...
), on the river
Orzyc, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (''
gmina
The gmina (Polish: , plural ''gminy'' , from German ''Gemeinde'' meaning ''commune'') is the principal unit of the administrative division of Poland, similar to a municipality. , there were 2,477 gminas throughout the country, encompassing over 4 ...
'') called
Gmina Krasnosielc
__NOTOC__
Gmina Krasnosielc is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Maków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Krasnosielc, which lies approximately north of Maków Mazowiecki and north of Warsa ...
.
It lies approximately north of
Maków Mazowiecki
Maków Mazowiecki is a town in Poland, in the Masovian Voivodship. It is the powiat capital of Maków County (or Powiat of Maków). Its population is 10,850.
History
The town obtained its town charter in 1421. It was a Polish royal town, admin ...
and north of
Warsaw
Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...
. The village has a population of 1,300.
History
The village was first mentioned in documents in 1386, although there is evidence that the settlement is much older. It was previously known as ''Sielc'' and ''Siedlec'' (and in yi, Silc). In 1386, the local Catholic parish was founded by
bishop of Płock
A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution.
In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is ca ...
Ścibor z Radzymina and
standard-bearer
A standard-bearer, also known as a flag-bearer is a person (soldier or civilian) who bears an emblem known as a standard or military colours, i.e. either a type of flag or an inflexible but mobile image, which is used (and often honoured) as a ...
Paweł z Radzanowa of
Prawdzic coat of arms
Prawdzic (Prawdzik) - was historically a Polish Coat of Arms. It was used by the nobility clans and later szlachta families in the times of the Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569) and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
History
Motto
The mo ...
.
[Grzybowski, p. 205] The village was located on a route which connected the cities of
Ciechanów
Ciechanów is a city in north-central Poland. From 1975 to 1998, it was the capital of the Ciechanów Voivodeship. Since 1999, it has been situated in the Masovian Voivodeship. As of December 2021, it has a population of 43,495.
History
The se ...
and
Ostrołęka
, image_flag = POL Ostrołęka flag.svg
, image_shield = POL Ostrołęka COA.svg
, pushpin_map = Poland Masovian Voivodeship#Poland
, pushpin_label_position = bottom
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdivision_name =
, subdivision_type1 = ...
.
[Grzybowski, p. 204] It was a private village of
Polish noble families
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles, people from Poland or of Polish descent
* Polish chicken
*Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwr ...
, administratively located in the Przasnysz County in the
Ciechanów Land Ciechanów Land (), named after the town of Ciechanów, was an administrative unit (ziemia) of both the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Divided into three counties, it belonged to the Masovian Voivodeship.
History
The hi ...
in the
Masovian Voivodeship
The Masovian Voivodeship, also known as the Mazovia Province ( pl, województwo mazowieckie ) is a voivodeship (province) in east-central Poland, with its capital located in the city of Warsaw, which also serves as the capital of the country. The ...
in the
.
[ In the 17th century, the village passed from the Ciemniewski family to the ]Krasiński family
The House of Krasiński (plural: Krasińscy) is the surname of a Poland, Polish szlachta, noble family. Krasińska is the feminine form.
The name derives from the village of Krasne, Masovian Voivodeship, Krasne in Masovia.
The family dates fro ...
.[ Its name was then changed to ''Krasnosielc''.][ Among the owners were ]Kazimierz Krasiński
Count Kazimierz Krasiński (1725–1802) was a Polish szlachcic, noble, politician and patron of art. He was the son of Antoni Krasiński and Barbara Zielińska.http://www.jednorozec.pl/?c=mdTresc-cmPokaz-259 (Polish)
The last Grand Camp ...
, notable late-18th-century Polish politician and participant of the Kościuszko Uprising
The Kościuszko Uprising, also known as the Polish Uprising of 1794 and the Second Polish War, was an uprising against the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia led by Tadeusz Kościuszko in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Pr ...
of 1794, and his son , Polish senator, one of the richest Polish magnates of the first half of the 19th century.[ In 1781, Polish King Stanislaus II Augustus allowed four annual ]fair
A fair (archaic: faire or fayre) is a gathering of people for a variety of entertainment or commercial activities. Fairs are typically temporary with scheduled times lasting from an afternoon to several weeks.
Types
Variations of fairs incl ...
s to be held in Krasnosielc, and since 1786, eight annual fairs were held there.[ In 1824, the settlement obtained ]town rights
Town privileges or borough rights were important features of European towns during most of the second millennium. The city law customary in Central Europe probably dates back to Italian models, which in turn were oriented towards the tradition ...
.[
]Jews
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
, who had begun to settle there in the mid-18th century, made up 60% of its population by 1841. The Jewish district was defined by a legal document according to which Jews were obliged to pay rent to count Józef Krasiński. A Jewish kahal
Kahal ( he, כָּחָל) is a moshav in the Galilee near Highway 85 in northern Israel. Located on the border of the Upper Galilee and Lower Galilee, north of Lake Kinneret and just northwest of Tabgha, it falls under the jurisdiction of Me ...
was established in Krasnosielc in 1844 following an official complaint about improprieties of the kahal in Przasnysz
Przasnysz (; yi, פראשניץ, russian: Прасныш) is a town in north-central Poland. Located in the Masovian Voivodship, about 110 km north of Warsaw and about 115 km south of Olsztyn, it is the capital of Przasnysz County. It h ...
. Krasnosielc lost its municipal status in 1869, soon after its last Polish owner Karol Krasiński died childless. In 1883 a synagogue
A synagogue, ', 'house of assembly', or ', "house of prayer"; Yiddish: ''shul'', Ladino: or ' (from synagogue); or ', "community". sometimes referred to as shul, and interchangeably used with the word temple, is a Jewish house of worshi ...
was built. The town changed hands several times before Poland regained its independence in 1918.
The Jewish community of Krasnosielc ceased to exist in early September 1939. Following the German invasion of Poland
The invasion of Poland (1 September – 6 October 1939) was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union which marked the beginning of World War II. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week aft ...
, which started World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, SS units of Panzer Division Kempf
The Panzer Division "Kempf" (german: Panzer-Division "Kempf"), also ''East Prussia Panzer Formation'' (de: ''Panzerverband Ostpreußen'') was an ''ad hoc'' combined arms formation consisting of regular German Army personnel and SS. It was creat ...
forced the Jews into the synagogue and massacred them there. A day later, the remainder (mostly men) were machine-gunned at the same location.[David Shachar]
"Research of the Massacre at Krasnosielc and Provision of a Memorial to the Victims"
with Notes by the author. The anti-Jewish massacre became widely publicized in Berlin
Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitue ...
as the first of its kind on Polish soil. The perpetrators received sentences of a few years, and their superiors were replaced.[Katarzyna Olzacka]
History of Krasnosielc at www.kirkuty.xip.pl
/ref> In the beginning of the German occupation
German-occupied Europe refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were wholly or partly occupied and civil-occupied (including puppet governments) by the military forces and the government of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 an ...
, the occupiers also carried out mass searches of homes of local policemen, postal workers and court employees. In the following years, several Polish teachers from Krasnosielc were murdered in the Mauthausen concentration camp
Mauthausen was a Nazi concentration camp on a hill above the market town of Mauthausen, Upper Austria, Mauthausen (roughly east of Linz), Upper Austria. It was the main camp of a group with List of subcamps of Mauthausen, nearly 100 further ...
(see ''Nazi crimes against the Polish nation
Crimes against the Polish nation committed by Nazi Germany and Axis collaborationist forces during the invasion of Poland, along with auxiliary battalions during the subsequent occupation of Poland in World War II, consisted of the murder of ...
''). In 1940, the Germans also carried out expulsions of Poles and operated a transit camp for Poles expelled from nearby villages. Expelled Poles were either enslaved as forced labour
Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, violence including death, or other forms of ex ...
of new German colonists in the county or deported to more southern locations of occupied Poland, while their farms were afforested.[ German occupation ended in 1945, and the settlement was restored to Poland.
]
Sports
The local football
Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal. Unqualified, the word ''football'' normally means the form of football that is the most popular where the word is used. Sports commonly c ...
team is GUKS Krasnosielc. It competes in the lower leagues.
Notable inhabitants
*Janusz Bojarski
Major General Janusz Bojarski (born 24 June 1956, Krasnosielc, Poland) General Officer of Polish Armed Forces
The Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland ( pl, Siły Zbrojne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, abbreviated ''SZ RP''; popularly called '' ...
(born 1956), Polish general
*Harry Warner
Harry Morris Warner (born Hirsz Mojżesz Wonsal; December 12, 1881 – July 25, 1958) was an American studio executive, one of the founders of Warner Bros., and a major contributor to the development of the film industry. Along with his three y ...
(1881–1958), co-founder of Warner Bros.
Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. (commonly known as Warner Bros. or abbreviated as WB) is an American film and entertainment studio headquartered at the Warner Bros. Studios complex in Burbank, California, and a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Di ...
, born in Krasnosielc
*Sam Warner
Samuel Louis Warner (born Szmuel Wonsal, August 10, 1885 – October 5, 1927) was an American film producer who was the co-founder and chief executive officer of Warner Bros. He established the studio along with his brothers Harry, Albert, and Ja ...
(1887–1927), co-founder of Warner Bros., born in Krasnosielc
References
Gallery of photographs of Krasnosielc
Jewish Community in Krasnosielc
on Virtual Shtetl
{{Authority control
Villages in Maków County
Shtetls
Holocaust locations in Poland