Kostanay Region ( kk, Қостанай облысы, translit=Qostanai oblysy; russian: Костанайская область, translit=Kostanayskaya oblast) is a
region
In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as zones, lands or territories, are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics ( physical geography), human impact characteristics ( human geography), and the interaction of humanity an ...
of
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbeki ...
. Its administrative center is the city of
Kostanay
Kostanay ( kz, Қостанай, Qostanai ) is a city located on the Tobol River in northern Kazakhstan. It was known as Nikolayevsk (russian: Николаевск) until 1895 and then as Kustanay (russian: Кустанай) until 1997. Kostanay ...
. The population of the region is 900,300. The population living in Kostanay is 207,000 which is equivalent to 23% of the region.
Geography
Kostanay Region is adjacent to the
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
n
federal subjects
The federal subjects of Russia, also referred to as the subjects of the Russian Federation (russian: субъекты Российской Федерации, subyekty Rossiyskoy Federatsii) or simply as the subjects of the federation (russian ...
Orenburg Oblast,
Chelyabinsk Oblast,
Kurgan Oblast, and is near the
Ural Mountains
The Ural Mountains ( ; rus, Ура́льские го́ры, r=Uralskiye gory, p=ʊˈralʲskʲɪjə ˈɡorɨ; ba, Урал тауҙары) or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western ...
. It also touches four other Kazakh regions:
Aktobe Region
The Aktobe Region ( kk, Ақтөбе облысы, Aqtöbe oblysy; russian: Актюбинская область, translit=Aktyubinskaya oblast) is a region of Kazakhstan. The name ''Aktobe'' comes from Kazakh ''aq'' 'white' and ''töbe'' 'hill' ...
to the southwest,
Karaganda Region to the south,
Akmola Region
Akmola Region ( kz, Ақмола облысы, translit=Aqmola oblysy; russian: Акмолинская область, Akmolinskaya oblast) is a centrally located region of Kazakhstan. Its capital is Kokshetau. The national capital, Astana, is en ...
to the southeast, and
North Kazakhstan Region
North Kazakhstan Region ( kk, Солтүстік Қазақстан облысы, translit=Soltüstık Qazaqstan oblysy; russian: Северо-Казахстанская область, translit=Severo-Kazakhstanskaya oblast) is a region of Kazakh ...
to the northeast. The
Tobol (Tobyl) River, a tributary of the
Irtysh River, starts in and flows through the region on its way to Russia. Kostanay Region's area is 197,000 square kilometers, making it the sixth largest of the Kazakh regions.
Flora and fauna
Resources of an animal and flora of Kostanay Region are suitable for the organization and development of zones and objects of civilized fishery and a hunt, lake-commodity fish culture, hunt facilities development. The fauna of ground animal includes 52 kinds of
mammal, 267 is constant or temporarily living
bird
Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweig ...
s, 10 kinds of amphibious and kowtowing, in reservoirs 24 kinds of
fish
Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Approximately 95% of ...
es live.
''Naurzum reserve'' (877 km²), 3 natural sanctuaries (1630 km²) and 12 state nature sanctuaries (0.47 km²) with a rich vegetative cover are pride of region.
Natural resources
The territory of region is characterized by rather flat relief with inflows of the rivers: Ayat, Ubagan, Ui, Torgai with inflows of the rivers: Saryozen and Kara. The Northern part occupies the southeast suburb of the West-Siberian lowland, to the south from it is situated Torgai plateau; in the west – wavy plain Zaural plateau and in a southwest Saryarka spurs. River network is rare. Within the limits of the region it is totaled about 310 fine rivers. The largest rivers are
Tobol
The Tobol (russian: Тобол, kk, Тобыл ''Tobyl'') is a river in Western Siberia (in Kazakhstan and Russia) and the main (left) tributary of the Irtysh. Its length is , and the area of its drainage basin is .
History
The Tobol River wa ...
and Torgai. The Tobol river includes the Verhnetobolsk, Karatomar and Amangeldy water basins. In Kostanay Region are more than 5 thousand lakes. Largest of them are located in Torgai dell –
Kushmurun
Kushmurun ( kk, Құсмұрын; russian: Кушмурун) is a brackish lake in the Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan.
Kushmurun is one of largest natural waterbodies of Kazakhstan. It lies in the northern sector of the Turgay Basin, at the border be ...
,
Sarymoin,
Aksuat,
Sarykopa
Sarykopa ( kk, Сарықопа; russian: Сарыкопа) is a Bittern (salt), bittern salt lake in the Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan.
Sarykopa lies in the steppe of the central sector of the Turgay Basin in Zhangeldi District, in the southern are ...
. Woodland area 2,175 km² including 1,512 km² natural plantings. In connection with the
Soviet
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nation ...
Virgin Lands Campaign, much of the area was ploughed for
wheat
Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain that is a worldwide staple food. The many species of wheat together make up the genus ''Triticum'' ; the most widely grown is common wheat (''T. aestivum''). The archaeologi ...
. The Kostanay Region is rich in minerals, especially
iron ore (deposits of magnetite ores - Sokolovsk, Sarbaiskoe, Kachary and brown soolits iron ores – Ayatsk iron ore pool, Lisakovsk deposit). The total stock of magnetite's ores and hematite's makes 15,7 billion tons, of them easy enrich and not demanding enrichment – 5,7 billion tons. Especially bowels are rich in iron ore,
brown coal
Lignite, often referred to as brown coal, is a soft, brown, combustible, sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. It has a carbon content around 25–35%, and is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat ...
, asbestos, fire-resistant and brick clay, flux and cement limestone, glass sand, a building stone and others. Opened 19 deposits of
bauxite
Bauxite is a sedimentary rock with a relatively high aluminium content. It is the world's main source of aluminium and gallium. Bauxite consists mostly of the aluminium minerals gibbsite (Al(OH)3), boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)) and diaspore (α-AlO ...
, 7 –
gold
Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from la, aurum) and atomic number 79. This makes it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally. It is a bright, slightly orange-yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile me ...
, on one of
silver
Silver is a chemical element with the symbol Ag (from the Latin ', derived from the Proto-Indo-European ''h₂erǵ'': "shiny" or "white") and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical ...
and
nickel
Nickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel is a hard and ductile transition metal. Pure nickel is chemically reactive but large pieces are slow ...
. In northern part of area chernozems and pine forests (Arakaragai, Amankaragai) prevail; in the central part – chestnut ground with pine forest Naurzimkaragai on the basis of which the same reserve is organized; the southern part is dominated by grasslands and shrublands.
Water
The region center, Kostanay, is supplied with water from Amangeldinsky water basins (underground volume 6,7 million cubic meters) and Kostanay deposit of underground waters (operational stocks - 33.5 million cube. m). The city of Lisakovsk gets water from the Verhnetobols water basins (underground volume totals 814 million cubic meters). Regional centers Sarykol, Karasu, Uzunkol are supplied with water with Ishim water supply line and Sеrgeevsk water basin which is on the territory of the North-Kazakhstan region. 12 big water supply lines on the territory of Kostanay region give water to more than 220 settlements and 5 regional centers. Water delivery of other areas is carried out from local sources (deposits of underground waters). Karatomar water basins (underground volume 516 million cube. m) supply
Rudni, Каchar region and Fedorovka.
Archaeology
According to the
Journal of Archaeological Science
The ''Journal of Archaeological Science'' is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers "the development and application of scientific techniques and methodologies to all areas of archaeology". The journal was established in 1974 by Acad ...
, in July 2020, scientists from
South Ural State University studied two
Late Bronze Age
The Bronze Age is a historic period, lasting approximately from 3300 BC to 1200 BC, characterized by the use of bronze, the presence of writing in some areas, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the second prin ...
horses with the aid of
radiocarbon dating from Kurgan 5 of the Novoilinovsky 2 cemetery in the
Lisakovsk city. Researcher Igor Chechushkov, indicated that the Andronovites had an ability on horse riding several centuries earlier than many researchers had previously expected. Among the horses investigated, the
stallion
A stallion is a male horse that has not been gelded (castrated).
Stallions follow the conformation and phenotype of their breed, but within that standard, the presence of hormones such as testosterone may give stallions a thicker, "cresty" nec ...
was nearly 20 years old and the
mare
A mare is an adult female horse or other equine. In most cases, a mare is a female horse over the age of three, and a filly is a female horse three and younger. In Thoroughbred horse racing, a mare is defined as a female horse more than four ...
was 18 years old. According to scientists, animals were buried with the person they accompanied throughout their lives, and they were used not only for food, but also for harnessing to vehicles and riding.
"It is likely that militarized elite, whose power was based on the physical control of fellow tribesmen and neighbors with the help of riding and fighting skills, was buried in the Novoilinovsky-2 burial ground. The rider has a significant advantage over the infantryman. There may be another explanation: These elite fulfilled the function of mediating conflicts within the collective, and therefore had power and high social status. Metaphorically, this kind of elite can be called Sheriffs of the Bronze Age" said Igor Chechushkov.
Climate
Kostanay Region's climate is continental, with strongly pronounced alternation of four seasons. Average temperatures: January: -18 to -19 °С, July: 19 to 22 °С. In the winter, the temperature can be as cold as -25 to -30 °C. In summer, the temperature can reach 30 °C. Annual amount of precipitation is 300–350 mm in the northern areas and 240 to 280 mm in the south. The growing season is about 150 to 175 days in the north and 180 days in the south.
Demographics
As of 2020, the Kostanay Region has a population of 868,549.
Ethnic groups (2020):
*
Russian
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
: 40.97%
*
Kazakh: 40.76%
*
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
: 8.22%
*
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
** Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
: 3.11%
*
Tatar
The Tatars ()[Tatar]
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different : 1.82%
*Others: 5.11%
Administrative divisions
The region is administratively divided into sixteen districts and the cities of
Kostanay
Kostanay ( kz, Қостанай, Qostanai ) is a city located on the Tobol River in northern Kazakhstan. It was known as Nikolayevsk (russian: Николаевск) until 1895 and then as Kustanay (russian: Кустанай) until 1997. Kostanay ...
,
Arkalyk
Arkalyk ( kz, Arqalyq; cyrl, Арқалық, russian: Аркалык) is a city in Kostanay Region, northern Kazakhstan. Earlier, it was the centre of Torgay Region, which was abolished in 1997. Today, it is the administrative centre of Torgay D ...
,
Lisakovsk, and
Rudny.
#
Altynsarin District, with the administrative center in the
selo of
Obagan;
#
Amangeldi District
Amangeldi ( kk, Аманкелді ауданы, ) is a district of Kostanay Region in northern Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Easter ...
, the selo of
Amangeldi;
#
Auliekol District, the selo of
Auliekol;
#
Denisov District
Denisov ( kk, Денисов ауданы, ) is a district of Kostanay Region in northern Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Eur ...
, the settlement of
Denisovka;
#
Fyodorov District, the selo of
Fyodorovka;
#
Kamysty District, the selo of
Kamysty;
#
Karabalyk District, the urban-type settlement of
Karabalyk;
#
Karasu District, the selo of
Karasu;
#
Kostanay District, the urban-type settlement of
Zatobolsk;
#
Mendykara District, the selo of
Borovskoye;
#
Nauyrzym District, the selo of
Karamendy
Karamendy ( kk, Қарамеңді; russian: Караменды), until 1999 known as ''Dokuchayevka'', is a village in Naurzum District, Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan. It is the administrative center of the Naurzum District, as well as of the Karam ...
;
#
Sarykol District
Sarykol ( kk, Сарыкөл ауданы, ) is a district of Kostanay Region in northern Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Eu ...
, the urban-type settlement of
Sarykol;
#
Taran District, the selo of
Taran;
#
Uzunkol District, the selo of
Uzunkol;
#
Zhangeldi District, the selo of
Torgay;
#
Zhitikara District, the town of
Zhitikara.
* The following five localities in Kostanay Region have town status:
Kostanay
Kostanay ( kz, Қостанай, Qostanai ) is a city located on the Tobol River in northern Kazakhstan. It was known as Nikolayevsk (russian: Николаевск) until 1895 and then as Kustanay (russian: Кустанай) until 1997. Kostanay ...
,
Arkalyk
Arkalyk ( kz, Arqalyq; cyrl, Арқалық, russian: Аркалык) is a city in Kostanay Region, northern Kazakhstan. Earlier, it was the centre of Torgay Region, which was abolished in 1997. Today, it is the administrative centre of Torgay D ...
,
Lisakovsk,
Rudny, and
Zhetikara
Zhitikara ( kz, Жітіқара, ''Jıtıqara''; russian: Житикара) is a town and the administrative center of Zhitikara District in Kostanay Region of northwestern Kazakhstan, close to the Kazakhstan–Russia border. The town is locate ...
.
Public institutions
Kostanay Region function 8 higher educational institutions: 4 state and 4 not state, and also 6 branches of the Kazakhstan and Russian high schools. One of the basic - Kostanay State University (named after
Akhmet Baytursinuli). The total number of students is made by 23,6 thousand person. Also functions 22 colleges in which it is trained over 12,2 thousand pupils.
In 2002-2003 educational year work 723 schools, with a contingent of pupils - 155,5 thousand person.
The state network of culture totals 380 libraries, 201 club establishments, 8 museums, 2 theatres: I. Omarov regional Kazakh drama theatre and regional Russian drama theatre. The regional showroom works.
There are sport objects: two palaces of sports, 26 stadiums, 10 sports complexes and 567 sports halls.
In April 2021, the Shanyrak National Arts Center opened in the town of Tobol in the Kostanay region. The center is home to folk art from regional amateur artists, film, and video. It is the first art center in the region.
Communications
Kostanay Region has steady automobile outputs in all next regions and the regional centers. The Extent of general-purpose highways makes 9133 km, republican value - 1401 km and local - 7732 km. On territory of area pass from the north on the south and a southeast the main transit roads connecting the regional center with cities of Kazakhstan:
Nur-Sultan
Astana, previously known as Akmolinsk, Tselinograd, Akmola, and most recently Nur-Sultan, is the capital city of Kazakhstan.
The city lies on the banks of the Ishim (river), Ishim River in the north-central part of Kazakhstan, within the Akmo ...
,
Almaty
Almaty (; kk, Алматы; ), formerly known as Alma-Ata ( kk, Алма-Ата), is the List of most populous cities in Kazakhstan, largest city in Kazakhstan, with a population of about 2 million. It was the capital of Kazakhstan from 1929 to ...
and adjoining areas; Urals:
Chelyabinsk
Chelyabinsk ( rus, Челя́бинск, p=tɕɪˈlʲæbʲɪnsk, a=Ru-Chelyabinsk.ogg; ba, Силәбе, ''Siläbe'') is the administrative center and largest city of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia. It is the seventh-largest city in Russia, with a ...
,
Magnitogorsk
Magnitogorsk ( rus, Магнитого́рск, p=məɡnʲɪtɐˈɡorsk, ) is an industrial city in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located on the eastern side of the extreme southern extent of the Ural Mountains by the Ural River. Its population ...
,
Troitsk Troitsk (russian: Троицк) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
Modern localities
;Urban localities
*Troitsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast, a town in Chelyabinsk Oblast;
*Troitsk, Moscow, a town in Troitsk Settlement of Troitsky Adm ...
,
Ekaterinburg
Yekaterinburg ( ; rus, Екатеринбург, p=jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk), alternatively romanized as Ekaterinburg and formerly known as Sverdlovsk ( rus, Свердло́вск, , svʲɪrˈdlofsk, 1924–1991), is a city and the administrat ...
; Western Siberia:
Kurgan
A kurgan is a type of tumulus constructed over a grave, often characterized by containing a single human body along with grave vessels, weapons and horses. Originally in use on the Pontic–Caspian steppe, kurgans spread into much of Central As ...
,
Tyumen
Tyumen ( ; rus, Тюмень, p=tʲʉˈmʲenʲ, a=Ru-Tyumen.ogg) is the administrative center and largest city of Tyumen Oblast, Russia. It is situated just east of the Ural Mountains, along the Tura River. Fueled by the Russian oil and gas indu ...
.
Operation length of railways of general purpose, which are taking place on territory of the region, is equal to 1048 km. Function 53 stations conducting cargo and passenger transportations which cover all cities and 11 region.
In Kostanay Region are available three airports with a firm covering of runways: in cities of Kostanay and Arkalyk, settlement Torgai. Runways of the airport of Kostanay can accept types of planes: Tu-134, Tu-154, АН-22, Il-86 and the
Boeing
The Boeing Company () is an American multinational corporation that designs, manufactures, and sells airplanes, rotorcraft, rockets, satellites, telecommunications equipment, and missiles worldwide. The company also provides leasing and product ...
. From the international
airport of Kostanay regular and charter flights in many cities of Kazakhstan, the
CIS
Cis or cis- may refer to:
Places
* Cis, Trentino, in Italy
* In Poland:
** Cis, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central
** Cis, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, north
Math, science and biology
* cis (mathematics) (cis(''θ'')), a trigonome ...
,
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
(
Frankfurt on Main
Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (; Hessian: , " Frank ford on the Main"), is the most populous city in the German state of Hesse. Its 791,000 inhabitants as of 2022 make it the fifth-most populous city in Germany. Located on its ...
,
Düsseldorf
Düsseldorf ( , , ; often in English sources; Low Franconian and Ripuarian: ''Düsseldörp'' ; archaic nl, Dusseldorp ) is the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, the most populous state of Germany. It is the second-largest city in th ...
,
Hamburg
(male), (female) en, Hamburger(s),
Hamburgian(s)
, timezone1 = Central (CET)
, utc_offset1 = +1
, timezone1_DST = Central (CEST)
, utc_offset1_DST = +2
, postal ...
,
Stuttgart
Stuttgart (; Swabian: ; ) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is located on the Neckar river in a fertile valley known as the ''Stuttgarter Kessel'' (Stuttgart Cauldron) and lies an hour from the ...
), to
Arab Emirates,
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...
and others are carried out. Here there are points of the boundary and customs control. Mineral oil in Kostanay Region is delivered from the
Russian Federation
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
and from oil refineries of Kazakhstan by railway.
The basic monopolist in sphere of telecommunications in Kostanay Region is the branch of "Kazaktelekom". The big development was received with a global network the Internet, cellular communication, an IP-telephony.
Health
In sanatorium ''Sosnoviy bor'' there are
hydropathic establishments, which are located on medical sources and have interrepublican value. Treatment is carried out: a
gastrointestinal tract
The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus. The GI tract contains all the major organ (biology), organs of the digestive syste ...
,
respiratory system
The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies grea ...
, postoperative rehabilitation and a
mud bath
A mud bath is a bath of mud, commonly found in areas where hot spring water can combine with volcanic ash. Mud baths have a long history that dates back thousands of years. Mud baths are conceived as public bathing spaces created in open areas ...
s.
Notable people
*
Kamshat Donenbaeva (1943–2017), 3-term delegate to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR
External links
* http://www.kostanay.gov.kz
References
{{Authority control
Regions of Kazakhstan