Koki Kameda

KOKI-TV (channel 23) is a television station in Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States, affiliated with the Fox network. It is owned by Imagicomm Communications alongside MyNetworkTV affiliate KMYT-TV (channel 41). The two stations share studios on East 27th Street and South Memorial Drive (near W. G. Skelly Park) in the Audubon neighborhood of southeast Tulsa; KOKI-TV's transmitter is located on South 273rd East Avenue (between 91st Street South and 101st Street South, next to the Muskogee Turnpike) in the western city limits of Coweta.

History

As an independent station

The UHF channel 23 allocation—which had been dormant since a short-lived attempt to revive its original occupant, KCEB, by original licensee Elfred Beck foundered in September 1967—was contested between two groups that vied to hold the construction permit to build a new television station on the frequency. The first prospective permittee was Wilson Communications, owned by Detroit businessman and Buffalo Bills owner Ralph Wilson, which filed an application with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on July 7, 1978. The second applicant, Tulsa 23, Ltd. (originally Channel 23 Tulsa, Ltd.), filed on September 5; that group—led by managing partner Benjamin F. Boddie, Corporate Vice President, Williams Companies. James Lavenstein would go on to serve as KOKI-TV's original general manager—primarily consisted of prominent local corporate executives and community leaders that included Helmerich & Payne CEO Walter H. Helmerich II, and present and former Williams Companies CEOs John H. Williams and Charles P. Williams, respectively (the latter two of whom initiated the redevelopment of over nine square blocks and of new office and retail construction in downtown Tulsa, including the establishment of the Williams Center, the Bank of Oklahoma Tower and the Tulsa Performing Arts Center affiliate KVOO-TV (channel 2, now KJRH-TV) signed on 26 years earlier on December 5, 1954, and the first independent station to begin operation in a market that, on paper, had a large enough population to provide suitable viewership for an independent station since the early 1970s. The station—which was then branded as "Tulsa 23," accompanied by a futuristic logo in which the numerical "23" was construed as the "LS" in "Tulsa"—originally operated from studio facilities located on East 46th Place (between Memorial Drive and Sheridan Road) in southeast Tulsa, which was fitted with used transmission equipment acquired second-hand from various other American television stations. The station operated on a lean budget, maintaining a general entertainment programming format that featured a mix of classic sitcoms, westerns and drama series, cartoons, and a limited number of sports events and religious programs. The Tulsa 23 partnership purchased programming at low cost and tailored its schedule to appeal to older and rural demographics, leaving much of the higher-rated and more recent syndicated content to be acquired by its network-affiliated competitors, KJRH, CBS affiliate KOTV (channel 6) and ABC affiliate KTUL (channel 8). KOKI was opportunistic with its programming acquisitions on occasion, and picked up broadcast rights to college and major league sporting events.

KOKI heavily emphasized feature films as part of its schedule during this period, typically offering a single film in the afternoon and one to two films during prime time each weekday, and three or four films per day on Saturdays and Sundays. One of the station's regular film presentations was ''Creature Feature'', hosted by Sherman Oaks (the stage name of local comedian Jim Millaway), alongside Gailard Sartain and Jeanne Tripplehorn (then known as Jeanne Summers, who left after the program's first season), both of whom worked as radio hosts for KMOD-FM (97.5) at the time. Showcasing horror and science fiction B movies each Saturday night from October 1982 until October 1985, it featured wraparound segments before and after commercial breaks in which the hosts conducted various skits, often making ridiculous non-sequitur remarks. KOKI would gain a competitor on March 18, 1981, when a joint venture between Green Country Associates and Satellite Syndicated Systems signed on fellow independent KGCT-TV (channel 41, now MyNetworkTV affiliate KMYT-TV) with a mix of syndicated entertainment programs, locally produced news and talk programming in the afternoon, and movies, sports and specials from the In-Home Theatre (IT) subscription service at night. (Within three months of its debut, KGCT transitioned to a hybrid format consisting of daytime general entertainment programming on weekdays and weekend mornings, and IT subscription programming at night throughout the week and on weekend afternoons.) Despite its low-cost approach, KOKI became a major force in the market; this was evidenced in a 1983 study by New York City-based advertising and marketing firm Ogilvy & Mather examining Tulsa's commercial television stations, which showed that KOKI was the only station to increase viewership shares over the two-year period from May 1981 to May 1983, rising from a 6 to a 19 share in early evenings, from a 5 to a 9 in prime time and from a 4 to a 10 share against late newscasts on the three network affiliates, whereas KJRH, KOTV, and KTUL saw steady declines in those same dayparts, which were linked to KOKI's overall growth.

The slogan used to promote its film offerings from the station's sign-on until 1984—"Oklahoma's Movie Star," based on the title of the station's ''Movie Star'' film presentations—would be the center of a federal trademark infringement lawsuit that Tulsa 23 Ltd. filed against Home Box Office Inc. in October 1982 over the use of the "We Are Your Movie Star" image campaign implemented by HBO's sister premium service, Cinemax, earlier that year. Judge James Ellison, who presided over the case filed with the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma, granted an injunction against Home Box Office in November 1983, on grounds that the Cinemax campaign had infringed upon KOKI's trademark. HBO appealed the ruling in the Denver-based Tenth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals, which upheld Ellison's injunction order in a ruling handed down on December 9, forcing Cinemax to discontinue the campaign and begin developing a replacement marketing initiative ("We're Taking You to the Stars," which Cinemax used as its image campaign slogan until 1986).

As a Fox affiliate

Partly because of its status as the strongest of the market's two independent stations, in early August 1986, in advance of the network's launch, News Corporation announced that it had reached an agreement with Tulsa 23 Ltd., in which KOKI-TV was named the Tulsa charter affiliate of the Fox Broadcasting Company.

KOKI-TV affiliated with Fox when the fledgling network began programming on October 9, 1986, with the premiere of late-night talk show '' The Late Show Starring Joan Rivers''. Though it was technically a network affiliate, Channel 23 continued to be programmed as a ''de facto'' independent station as Fox offered a limited schedule of programming during the network's early years of operation. Even after the network's programming expanded with the launch of a three-hour Sunday night lineup in April 1987, Fox offered prime time programs exclusively on weekend evenings until September 1989, when it began a five-year expansion towards a nightly prime time schedule. (It would take seven years for Fox to offer prime time programs on all seven nights of the week, completing the expansion with the rollout of its Monday night lineup in January 1993.) Until the network's expansion was completed, KOKI continued to air a movie at 7:00 p.m. on nights when the network did not offer any programming. In 1988, the station moved its operations into a low-rise office building on East 54th Street and South Yale Avenue (near LaFortune Park) in southeast Tulsa, which was named Fox Plaza.

Clear Channel ownership

After trying for several years to offload KOKI-TV, the Tulsa 23 partnership secured a willing buyer on March 6, 1989, when it reached an agreement to sell the station to San Antonio, Texas-based Clear Channel Television for $6.075 million. Citing that KOKI had not generated a profit for some time as a result of an economic downturn spurred by an oil exploration slump in the region during the 1980s, division parent Clear Channel Communications (now iHeartMedia)—which had owned KMOD-FM and KAKC (1300 AM) since the company, as San Antonio Broadcasting Corp., acquired the two radio stations from Unicorn Inc. in 1973—applied for a "failing station" waiver of FCC ownership rules that then prohibited common ownership of television and radio stations in the same market on the basis that the combined ownership would provide KOKI with needed financial support to remain operational and expand its public affairs programming. The sale and cross-ownership waiver received FCC approval on November 17, 1989; the transaction was finalized in late February 1990. (KOKI would gain additional radio sisters when Clear Channel purchased KQLL-AM-FM KTBZ,_and_106.1,_now_ KTBZ,_and_106.1,_now_KTGX">KTBZ_(AM).html"_;"title="430,_now_KTBZ_(AM)">KTBZ,_and_106.1,_now_KTGX.html" ;"title="KTGX.html" ;"title="KTBZ_(AM).html" ;"title="430, now KTBZ (AM)">KTBZ, and 106.1, now KTGX">KTBZ_(AM).html" ;"title="430, now KTBZ (AM)">KTBZ, and 106.1, now KTGX">KTGX.html" ;"title="KTBZ_(AM).html" ;"title="430, now KTBZ (AM)">KTBZ, and 106.1, now KTGX">KTBZ_(AM).html" ;"title="430, now KTBZ (AM)">KTBZ, and 106.1, now KTGXand KOAS [92.1 FM, now KTBT] from Federated Media for $15.4 million in April 1996; as the Telecommunications Act of 1996, Telecommunications Act eliminated the radio-television cross-ownership restrictions, the company acquired the two stations without amending the earlier waiver.)

Under Clear Channel's stewardship, the station – which, in compliance with Fox's stricter branding requirements, phased out the "Tulsa 23" branding in favor of identifying as "KOKI Fox 23" in September 1990 – significantly upgraded its programming, acquiring the rights to more recent sitcoms, higher-quality feature film titles and some first-run talk shows for its schedule. It would also begin to rely on Fox Kids for much of its children's programming inventory after Fox launched the children's program block in September 1990; as such, many of the syndicated children's programs that KOKI had aired to occupy portions of the weekday daytime and Saturday morning time periods were gradually relegated to early morning time slots as well as around the network-supplied daytime and Saturday blocks. With these changes, coupled with the growth of the Fox network into a major competitor to the Big Three networks during the early part of that decade, KOKI was generating respectable profits by the middle of the decade.

On November 3, 1993, Clear Channel Television entered into a local marketing agreement with RDS Broadcasting – which had relaunched channel 41 (as independent station KTFO) in May 1991, after completing its purchase of the dormant license—to provide programming, advertising and other administrative services for KTFO, which would subsequently move that station's operations from its existing studio facilities on Garnett Avenue in southeast Tulsa into the Fox Plaza facility. Both KOKI and KTFO pooled programming inventories, with the latter acquiring additional talk and reality shows as well as more recent first-run and off-network sitcoms and drama series to complement channel 23's offerings (although many higher-rated syndicated shows continued to air on KOKI). As was the trend for many Fox affiliates, channel 23 gradually shifted the focus of its syndication inventory away from classic sitcoms and syndicated children's programs during the latter half of the 1990s, becoming increasingly reliant on talk, reality and court shows to fill portions of its daytime schedule; more recent sitcoms were added to occupy early-evening and late night timeslots. The station continued to run Fox Kids programming on weekdays until its afternoon block was discontinued in December 2001, at which time, it replaced the children's programs on weekday mid-afternoons with additional talk shows and game shows; it retained the remaining Saturday morning children's lineup (which was relaunched FoxBox in September 2002, and was later branded as 4Kids TV from September 2005 until December 2008, when Fox stopped providing children's programming after declining to renew its agreement with time-lease partner 4Kids Entertainment).

On December 15, 1999, four months after the FCC began permitting any commercial broadcasting firm the ability to legally own two commercial television stations within the same media market, Clear Channel announced it would acquire the KTFO license outright as part of a four-station deal with the San Antonio-based Mercury Broadcasting Company worth $11.663 million. The sale was approved by the FCC on March 9, 2000; following consummation of the transaction that May, KOKI and KTFO became the first legal broadcast television duopoly in the Tulsa market. In January 2002, Clear Channel relocated the operations of KOKI and KTFO from Fox Plaza into a studio complex located at 2625 South Memorial Drive. The building—which was originally constructed in 1962 for an expansion of the Oertle's Family Discount Store and later rented out to house a Burlington Coat Factory location—was purchased to allow the operations of the two television stations and Clear Channel's five Tulsa radio properties (which had previously operated from the Mid-Oklahoma Building on 41st Street and Skelly Drive in southwest Tulsa) to be housed under a single facility as well as to allow KOKI/KTFO to commence digital television transmissions and news operations. (An additional of building space was reserved for the Clear Channel Event Center exhibition complex.)

Newport Television ownership

On April 20, 2007, following the completion of the company's $18.7-billion purchase by private equity firms Thomas H. Lee Partners and Bain Capital, Clear Channel entered into an agreement to sell its television stations to Providence Equity Partners for $1.2 billion. The sale was approved by the FCC on December 1, 2007; after settling a lawsuit by Clear Channel ownership to force the equity firm to complete the sale, the Providence acquisition was finalized on March 14, 2008, at which time it formed Newport Television as a holding company to own and manage 27 of Clear Channel's 35 television stations (including KOKI and KMYT), and began transferring the remaining nine stations (all in markets where conflicts with FCC ownership rules precluded a legal duopoly from continuing under Newport) to High Plains Broadcasting, a licensee corporation formed to allow those stations to remain operationally tied to their associated Newport-owned outlets through local marketing agreements.

On August 11, 2011, William Sturdivant II—a then-25-year-old with a history of mental health issues, including once reportedly being apprehended on such an event after walking from Tulsa to Dallas, and an arrest record that included charges for burglary and drug possession – was found wandering in an area outside the KOKI/KMYT/Clear Channel Radio facility on Memorial Drive that was not authorized for public access, where he was chased onto the building's roof by security guards and climbed up to the mark of an adjacent transmission tower owned by Clear Channel for use by its radio stations and as an auxiliary tower for KOKI. Sturdivant (who was nicknamed "Tower Guy" by Tulsa-area and Oklahoma news outlets) moved at elevations between from his original point on the tower at various points during the standoff. After more than 150 hours (the longest standoff in the Tulsa Police Department's history, breaking the record set by a 1993 standoff involving a murder suspect that lasted for 32 hours), the standoff ended at around 6:40 p.m. on August 16, after retired Tulsa Police negotiator Tyrone Lynn was sent up the tower by crane to take Sturdivant—who, after being lowered to the ground by a Tulsa Fire Department cherry picker, was transported to the Hillcrest Medical Center to be treated for severe dehydration, heat exhaustion and burns sustained to his uncovered feet from navigating the tower beams in temperatures exceeding —down from the tower.

Cox Media Group ownership

As part of a series of piecemeal sales announced on July 19, 2012 that also involved the larger Nexstar Broadcasting Group and Sinclair Broadcast Group, Newport Television announced that it would sell KOKI-TV and KMYT as well as fellow Fox affiliate WAWS (now WFOX-TV) and the intellectual assets of CBS affiliate WTEV-TV (now WJAX-TV) in Jacksonville, Florida, to the Cox Media Group subsidiary of Atlanta-based Cox Enterprises for $253.011 million. The purchase placed the KOKI-KMYT duopoly under common ownership with Cox Radio's Tulsa cluster of KRMG (740 AM and 102.3 FM), KRAV-FM (96.5), KWEN (95.5 FM) and KJSR (103.3 FM), and, in the first instance since the 2003 repeal of an FCC cross-ownership ban in which the owner of a local cable provider acquired a television station in the same market, also made the two stations sister properties to Cox Communications, which has been the dominant cable operator in northeastern Oklahoma since it acquired Tele-Communications Inc. (TCI)'s Tulsa-area franchise in April 2000. The FCC approved the transaction on October 23, 2012; the sale was finalized on December 3. Although the sale separated KOKI/KMYT from its former radio sisters under Clear Channel ownership, iHeartMedia's Tulsa cluster continued to operate out of the Memorial Drive facility until the summer of 2017, when Cox moved its Tulsa-area radio stations into the building and iHeart moved its local stations into a new facility on Yale Avenue and 71st Street (northeast of Oral Roberts University) in southeast Tulsa's Richmond Hills section.

On February 15, 2019, private equity firm Apollo Global Management announced that it would acquire the respective television properties of Cox Media Group and Northwest Broadcasting and Cox's other print and broadcast properties in Atlanta and Dayton, Ohio (including the ''Atlanta Journal-Constitution'', the ''Dayton Daily News'', and the company's respective radio clusters in those two markets) in a deal valued at $3.1 billion that would result in Cox Enterprises maintaining a minority interest in the acquired properties. Although the group originally planned to operate under the name Terrier Media, it was later announced on June 26 that Apollo would retain the Cox Media Group name post-acquisition, along with acquiring Cox's advertising business and the remainder of its Cox Radio unit (including its five Tulsa-area radio stations). The sale was completed on December 17, 2019.

Sale to Imagicomm

On March 29, 2022, Cox Media Group announced it would sell KOKI-TV, KMYT-TV and 16 other stations to Imagicomm Communications, an affiliate of the parent company of the INSP cable channel, for $488 million; the sale was completed on August 1.

Subchannel history

KOKI-DT2

KOKI-DT2 is the MeTV-affiliated second digital subchannel of KOKI-TV, broadcasting in standard definition on channel 23.2. KOKI-TV launched a digital subchannel on virtual channel 23.2 in April 2011, originally serving as an affiliate of music video-focused network TheCoolTV through a groupwide agreement between network parent Cool Music Network, LLC and Newport Television, involving Newport-operated stations in ten markets. On July 30, 2012, through an affiliation agreement reached between Newport Television and network owner Weigel Broadcasting, KOKI-DT2 became an affiliate of the classic television network MeTV.

KOKI-DT3

KOKI-DT3 is the Dabl-affiliated third digital subchannel of KOKI-TV, broadcasting in widescreen standard definition on channel 23.3. On July 17, 2014, Katz Broadcasting announced it had signed an agreement with Cox Media Group to carry Escape on the group's television stations in Tulsa and Charlotte, as well as sister network Grit in Orlando. KOKI-TV launched a digital subchannel on virtual channel 23.3 as an affiliate of Escape on August 18, 2014. (Court TV—for which Escape was renamed under the secondary brand Court TV Mystery (now Ion Mystery) in September 2019—is carried locally over the DT4 subchannel of KJRH, which is owned by Katz's corporate parent, the E. W. Scripps Company.).

On July 4, 2021, Court TV Mystery was replaced by Dabl.

Programming

KOKI-TV currently broadcasts the majority of the Fox network schedule, with the sole exception being the infomercial block ''Weekend Marketplace'', electing to air either a mix of educational and lower-profile syndicated programs as well as infomercials slotted by KOKI/KMYT's programming department or Fox Sports programming in its Saturday morning timeslot. Channel 23 may preempt some Fox programs to provide long-form breaking news or severe weather coverage when necessary. The preempted programs may either be diverted to KMYT-TV on a live-to-air basis (resulting in the lower-priority MyNetworkTV schedule being run on tape delay during the late-access or overnight hours) or rebroadcast over KOKI in place of regularly scheduled late-night programs, although station personnel also gives viewers the option of watching them on Fox's proprietary streaming platforms (including its website, mobile app or the FoxNow streaming service), Hulu, or its cable/satellite video-on-demand service the day after their initial airing.

In addition to airing programming supplied by the network directly, channel 23 carries Xploration Station, a live-action educational program block that is distributed primarily to Fox stations by Steve Rotfeld Productions. While the block usually follows the Saturday edition of ''Fox 23 News This Morning'', Fox Sports programming—especially during the college football and basketball seasons—will often subject some Xploration Station programs to be deferred to other daytime slots (either a weekday slot normally filled by the secondary run of a syndicated program or an open weekend afternoon slot that would be occupied by feature films or paid programming in lieu of a scheduled Fox Sports telecast) to allow KOKI to fulfill federal educational programming obligations.

Channel 23 formerly served as the Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA)'s " Love Network" station for the Tulsa market, carrying the charity's annual telethon on Labor Day and the preceding Sunday night each September from 2000 to 2010. For most of its run on the station, KOKI – which became among a handful of stations not affiliated with NBC, CBS or ABC to have ever carried the telethon upon assuming the local broadcast rights from KOTV – usually aired the telethon on a two-hour tape delay (airing after its 9:00 p.m. newscast from the 2002 edition onward) on the Sunday preceding Labor Day because of Fox entertainment and sports programming commitments. For this reason, in order to accommodate the six-hour prime time format (substantially downscaled from its longtime 21½-hour broadcast format) implemented with its September 2011 edition, KOKI/KMYT management elected to shift the MDA Telethon rights to sister station KMYT-TV for what would be its final two years as a syndicated telecast. (The event—by then reduced to a two-hour special—moved to ABC, airing thereafter by association on KTUL until the final telecast of the retitled ''MDA Show of Strength'' in August 2014.))

Sports programming

From 1980 until 1987, KOKI-TV held the local syndication rights to broadcast Major League Baseball games from the Kansas City Royals produced by their flagship broadcaster at the time, Kansas City NBC affiliate WDAF-TV (now a Fox affiliate). (The local broadcast rights to the Royals transferred to KGCT for the 1988 season.) Its relationship with the league expanded in 1985, when carried games involving the St. Louis Cardinals (which were distributed by Anheuser-Busch's sports syndication subsidiary, Bud Sports); after a two-year stint on KGCT, Cardinals telecasts returned to channel 23 for the 1988 season. (All Cardinals telecasts moved to Tulsa Cable Television channel 3 ow_Cox-operated_ ow_Cox-operated_YurView_Oklahoma">YurView_Oklahoma.html"_;"title="ow_Cox-operated_YurView_Oklahoma">ow_Cox-operated_YurView_Oklahoma_or_on_channel_20_in_the_event_of_conflicts_with_sporting_events_carried_on_the_primary_ ow_Cox-operated_YurView_Oklahoma">YurView_Oklahoma.html"_;"title="ow_Cox-operated_YurView_Oklahoma">ow_Cox-operated_YurView_Oklahoma_or_on_channel_20_in_the_event_of_conflicts_with_sporting_events_carried_on_the_primary_public-access_television">public_access_channel,_for_the_1990_St._Louis_Cardinals_season.html" ;"title="public-access_television.html" ;"title="YurView_Oklahoma.html" ;"title="YurView_Oklahoma.html" ;"title="ow Cox-operated ow_Cox-operated_YurView_Oklahoma">YurView_Oklahoma.html"_;"title="ow_Cox-operated_YurView_Oklahoma">ow_Cox-operated_YurView_Oklahoma_or_on_channel_20_in_the_event_of_conflicts_with_sporting_events_carried_on_the_primary_public-access_television">public_access_channel,_for_the_1990_St._Louis_Cardinals_season">1990_season.)_Both_the_Cardinals_and_the_Royals_have_had_select_games_carried_on_KOKI_each_season_since_ ow_Cox-operated_YurView_Oklahoma">YurView_Oklahoma.html"_;"title="ow_Cox-operated_YurView_Oklahoma">ow_Cox-operated_YurView_Oklahoma_or_on_channel_20_in_the_event_of_conflicts_with_sporting_events_carried_on_the_primary_public-access_television">public_access_channel,_for_the_1990_St._Louis_Cardinals_season">1990_season.)_Both_the_Cardinals_and_the_Royals_have_had_select_games_carried_on_KOKI_each_season_since_1996_Major_League_Baseball_season">1996_
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