The Kraton Kacirebonan is the oldest Kraton (sultan's palace) in the

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

n city of

Cirebon Cirebon (, formerly rendered Cheribon or Chirebon in English) is a port city on the northern coast of the Indonesian island of Java. It is the only coastal city of West Java, located about 40 km west of the provincial border with Central Java ...

. It has existed since 1807. This colonial building has housed many historical relics such as

Keris The kris, or ''keris'' in the Indonesian language, is an asymmetrical dagger with distinctive blade-patterning achieved through alternating laminations of iron and nickelous iron (''pamor''). Of Javanese origin, the kris is famous for its disti ...

, Wayang puppets, war equipment,

Gamelan Gamelan () ( jv, ꦒꦩꦼꦭꦤ꧀, su, ᮌᮙᮨᮜᮔ᮪, ban, ᬕᬫᭂᬮᬦ᭄) is the traditional ensemble music of the Javanese, Sundanese, and Balinese peoples of Indonesia, made up predominantly of percussive instruments. T ...

instruments and others. Kacirebonan in the area of the District Pulasaren Pekalipan village, exactly 1 kilometer southwest of

Kasepuhan The Kasepuhan or Kasepuhan Banten Kidul are a traditional Sundanese community of approximately 5,300 people, who live in the southern part of Gunung Halimun National Park, in the Indonesian province of West Java. Gunung Halimun National Park is lo ...

Palace and approximately 500 meters south of

Keraton Kanoman Kraton Kanoman is a palace in the Indonesian city of Cirebon in West Java. It was founded by Sultan Anom I in 1677. In the outer area of the palace, the ''siti inggil'', are masonry versions of the classic Javanese ''pendopo'' form, as opposed to t ...

. Kraton Kacirebonan is positioned from north to south (as are the other palaces in Cirebon) with a land area of about 46,500 square meters.

History

History begins when Prince Sultan Kacirebonan King Kanoman, heir to the throne of the Sultanate Kanoman joined the people of Cirebon in rejecting taxes applied by

Holland Holland is a geographical regionG. Geerts & H. Heestermans, 1981, ''Groot Woordenboek der Nederlandse Taal. Deel I'', Van Dale Lexicografie, Utrecht, p 1105 and former province on the western coast of the Netherlands. From the 10th to the 16th c ...

. Application of these taxes led to the revolt of the people in some places. As a result, Prince Raja Kanoman was captured by the

Dutch Dutch commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands * Dutch people () * Dutch language () Dutch may also refer to: Places * Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States * Pennsylvania Dutch Country People E ...

and thrown into the fortress Viktoria in

Ambon Ambon may refer to: Places * Ambon Island, an island in Indonesia ** Ambon, Maluku, a city on Ambon Island, the capital of Maluku province ** Governorate of Ambon, a colony of the Dutch East India Company from 1605 to 1796 * Ambon, Morbihan, a c ...

, stripped of his title, as well as deprived as Sultan Kanoman. However, because the resistance of the people of Cirebon had not abated, the Dutch finally brought back Prince King Kanoman to Cirebon to end the insurgency. Prince Raja Kanoman's aristocratic status was returned, but the rights to the Sultanate Kanoman remained revoked. Upon his return to Cirebon in 1808, Prince Raja Kanoman lived in the complex and the title of Sultan Cave Sunyaragi Amiril Mukminin Sultan Muhammad Khaerudin or Carbon despite not having the palace. Until his death in 1814, Sultan Carbon remained consistent with its stance and reject pension from the

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

. Carbon is the wife of the late Sultan was named queen of King Resminingpuri who later built the palace Kacirebonan using pension money from the Netherlands. Establishment of Cirebon Sultanate (1522-1677) is closely related to the presence of the

Sultanate of Demak The Demak Sultanate (کسلطانن دمق) was a Javanese Muslim state located on Java's north coast in Indonesia, at the site of the present-day city of Demak. A port fief to the Hindu-Buddhist Majapahit kingdom thought to have been founded ...

. Sultanate of Cirebon was established in 1552 by the commander of the sultanate of Demak, then the Sultan of Cirebon died in 1570 and was succeeded by his son who was very young at the time. Based on the news of the pagoda Gutters and

Semarang Semarang ( jv, ꦏꦸꦛꦯꦼꦩꦫꦁ , Pegon: سماراڠ) is the capital and largest city of Central Java province in Indonesia. It was a major port during the Dutch colonial era, and is still an important regional center and port today. ...

, the leading founder of Cirebon Sultanate is considered synonymous with the founding figures of the

Sultanate of Banten The Banten Sultanate (كسلطانن بنتن) was a Bantenese Islamic trading kingdom founded in the 16th century and centred in Banten, a port city on the northwest coast of Java; the contemporary English name of both was Bantam. It is said ...

, Sunan Gunung Jati. Sultan of the

Sultanate of Cirebon The Sultanate of Cirebon ( id, Kesultanan Cirebon, Pegon: كسلطانن چيربون, su, Kasultanan Cirebon) was an Islamic sultanate in West Java founded in the 15th century. It is said to have been founded by Sunan Gunungjati, as mar ...

: * 1479-1568:

Sunan Gunung Jati Sunan Gunungjati (1448–1568) was one of the Wali Songo, or nine saints of Islam revered in Indonesia. He founded the Sultanate of Banten, as well as the Sultanate of Cirebon on the north coast of Java. Gunungjati was born Syarif Hidayatullah ...

* 1568-1570:

Fatahillah Fatahillah, Fadhillah Khan, or Falatehan (Portuguese writing) was a commander of the Sultanate of Demak who is known for leading the conquest of Sunda Kelapa in 1527 and changing it name to Jayakarta. The conquest of Sunda Kelapa was one of his ...

* 1570-1649: Panembahan Ratu I * 1649-1677: Panembahan Ratu II Disunity I, in 1677 The first division of the Sultanate of Cirebon, thus occurred during the crowning of three sons of Panembahan Girilaya: Sultan Sepuh, Sultan Anom, and Panembahan Cirebon in 1677. This is a new chapter for the palace of Cirebon, in which the empire was split into three and each ruling and lowers the next emperor. Thus, the next ruler of Cirebon Sultanate are: * Sultan Palace Kasepuhan, Prince Martawijaya, with the title Sultan Muhammad Samsudin Makarimi Sepuh Abil (1677-1703) * Sultan Kanoman, Prince Kartawijaya, with the title Sultan Muhammad Badrudin Makarimi Anom Abil (1677-1723) * Prince Wangsakerta, as Panembahan Cirebon with the title of Prince Abdul Kamil Muhammad Nasarudin or Panembahan Tohpati (1677-1713). Prince Wangsakerta not appointed but only Panembahan sultan. He does not have jurisdiction or the palace itself but stands as Kaprabonan is a place to learn the intellectual palace. Disunity II, in 1807, the founding Kacirebonan Succession of the sultan Cirebon generally went smoothly, until the reign of Sultan Anom IV (1798-1803), where there was a split because one of his sons, namely Prince Raja Kanoman, want to secede to build the empire itself as the Sultanate Kacirebonan. The will of the Prince King Kanoman supported by the Dutch colonial government to release Besluit (Dutch: decree) Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies who raised Prince Raja Kanoman became Sultan Carbon Kacirebonan in 1807 with the restriction that the sons and successors are not entitled to the title of sultan, simply by the title of prince. Since it's in Cirebon Sultanate increased by one ruler again, the Sultanate Kacirebonan, a fraction of the Sultanate Kanoman. While the throne of Sultan Kanoman V falls on the son of Sultan Anom IV else named Sultan Anom Abusoleh Imamuddin (1803-1811). Kacirebonan palace was built in 1807 during the second split of the Sultanate. The succession of the sultans Generally went smoothly, until the reign of Sultan Anom IV (1798-1803), when the split occurred, one of his sons Because items, namely Prince Raja Kanoman, wanted to build his Sultanate, the Sultanate of Kacirebonan named.

The main building

The architecture and interior of the kraton are a blend of

Sundanese Sundanese may refer to: * Sundanese people * Sundanese language * Sundanese script Standard Sundanese script (''Aksara Sunda Baku'', ) is a writing system which is used by the Sundanese people. It is built based on Old Sundanese script (' ...

, Javanese,

Islamic Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God (or '' Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the mai ...

Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of va ...

styles with European architecture. After the death of Sultan Kacirebonan I Sultan Cerbon Commander of the Faithful in 1814, the queen of King Resminingpuri who is the consort of the late Sultan Kacirebonan I live in the area of Taman Sari Cave Sunyaragi, but by having a young child and was only five said Prince Raja Madenda Hidayat which later became Sultan Kacirebonan II, he decided to build a palace Kacirebonan in Pulosaren with pensioners money that had been rejected. At the beginning of construction of the palace of Queen King Resminingpuri Kacirebonan make the main building of the palace, Paseban and

mosque A mosque (; from ar, مَسْجِد, masjid, ; literally "place of ritual prostration"), also called masjid, is a place of prayer for Muslims. Mosques are usually covered buildings, but can be any place where prayers ( sujud) are performed, ...

Culture

During its early formation years, the sultanate actively promoted Islam. Cirebon sent their ulamas to proselytise Islam into inland West Java. Together with Banten, it is credited for the Islamization of Sundanese people in West Java as well as coastal Java. Because the sultanate located on the border of Javanese and Sundanese cultural realms, the Sultanate of Cirebon demonstrate both aspects, reflected in its art and architecture, also in their language. The Sultanate Pakungwati palace shows the influence of Majapahit red brick masonry architecture. The styles and title of its officials also influenced by Javanese Mataram courtly culture. As a port city, Cirebon attracts settlers from around and overseas alike. Cirebon culture was described as Java ''Pasisiran'' (coastal) culture, similar to those of Banten, Batavia, Pekalongan, and Semarang, with notable influences mixture of Chinese, Arabic-Islamic, and European influences. The notable one is Cirebon

batik Batik is an Indonesian technique of wax-resist dyeing applied to the whole cloth. This technique originated from the island of Java, Indonesia. Batik is made either by drawing dots and lines of the resist with a spouted tool called a ''ca ...

with vivid colours with motifs and patterns that demonstrate Chinese and local influences. Chinese influences can be seen in Cirebon's culture, most notably the Cirebon batik ''Megamendung'' pattern that resembles Chinese cloud imagery. Some of the royal symbols of Cirebon Sultanate describe their legacy and influences. The banner of Cirebon Sultanate is called "Macan Ali" (Ali's panther) with Arabic calligraphy arranged to resemble a

panther Panther may refer to: Large cats *Pantherinae, the cat subfamily that contains the genera ''Panthera'' and ''Neofelis'' **''Panthera'', the cat genus that contains tigers, lions, jaguars and leopards. ***Jaguar (''Panthera onca''), found in Sout ...

tiger The tiger (''Panthera tigris'') is the largest living cat species and a member of the genus '' Panthera''. It is most recognisable for its dark vertical stripes on orange fur with a white underside. An apex predator, it primarily preys on u ...

, describe both Islamic influence and also Hindu Pajajaran Sundanese King Siliwangi tiger banner. The royal carriage of Kasepuhan's Singa Barong and Kanoman's Paksi Naga Liman carriage resembles the

chimera Chimera, Chimaera, or Chimaira (Greek for " she-goat") originally referred to: * Chimera (mythology), a fire-breathing monster of Ancient Lycia said to combine parts from multiple animals * Mount Chimaera, a fire-spewing region of Lycia or Cilicia ...

of three animals; eagle, elephant, and dragon, to symbolize Indian Hinduism, Arabic Islam, and Chinese influences. The images of Macan Ali, Singa Barong and Paksi Naga Liman also often featured as a pattern in Cirebon batik. The remnants of Cirebon sultanate; Kasepuhan, Kanoman, Kaprabonan, and Kacirebonan Keratons are now run as a cultural institution to preserve Cirebon culture. Each still held their traditional ceremonies and become the patrons of Cirebon arts.

Topeng ''Topeng'' (from ban, ᬢᭀᬧᬾᬂ, su, ᮒᮧᮕᮨᮔᮌ, and jv, ꦠꦺꦴꦥꦺꦁ, topeng, mask) is a dramatic form of Indonesian dance in which one or more mask-wearing, ornately costumed performers interpret traditional narratives c ...

Cirebon mask dance Cirebonese mask dance ( id, Tari Topeng Cirebon) is a local indigenous art form of Cirebon in Java, including Indramayu and Jatibarang, Indramayu, Jatibarang, West Java and Brebes, Central Java. It is called mask dance because the dancers use mas ...

, inspired by Javanese Panji cycles is one of notable Cirebon traditional dance and quite famous within

Indonesian dance Dance in Indonesia ( id, Tarian Indonesia) reflects the country's diversity of ethnicities and cultures. There are more than 1,300 ethnic groups in Indonesia. Austronesian roots and Melanesian tribal forms are visible, and influences ranging ...

s. Although did not hold real political power any more, the royal lineage of Cirebon still well respected and held in high prestige among the people of Cirebon.

Tourism

The Kacirebonan palace complex of buildings along with four other palaces namely,

palace, palace Kanoman and Kaprabonan were set to be vital objects which must be protected. The assessment was based on the consideration of the police, with the assessment that the local police are required to put personnel on guard at each of the palaces, including the palace Kanoman.

Rulers of Kraton Kacirebonan

* Pangeran Arya Cirebon, Kamaruddin (1697–1723) Son of Sultan Sepuh I * Sultan Cirebon I Muhammad Akbaruddin (1723–1734) Son * Sultan Cirebon II Muhammad Salihuddin (1734–1758) Brother * Sultan Cirebon III Muhammad Harruddin (1758–1768) Nephew * Sultan Cirebon IV (1808–1810; died in 1814) Son of Sultan Anom III

References

{{coord missing, Indonesia Cirebon Tourist attractions in West Java

Islamic states in Indonesia Palaces in Java Cultural Properties of Indonesia in West Java Buildings and structures in Cirebon