Karl-Wilhelm Hofmann

Karl-Wilhelm Hofmann (24 March 1921 – 26 March 1945) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator and fighter ace during World War II who is credited with 44 aerial victories, which were achieved during 260 combat missions. All but one of his victories were claimed over the Western Front and in Defence of the Reich.

Born in Reichelsheim, Hofmann grew up in the Weimar Republic and then in Nazi Germany. He joined the military service in the Luftwaffe and was trained as a fighter pilot. After his flight training, he was posted to ''Jagdgeschwader'' 26 "Schlageter" (JG 26—26th Fighter Wing) in June 1942. Flying with this wing, Hofmann claimed his first aerial victory on 11 October 1942 on the Western Front over a Royal Air Force fighter aircraft. In early 1943, elements of JG 26 were moved to the Eastern Front where Hofmann claimed one Soviet aircraft destroyed. His unit redeployed to the Western Front in June 1943. In February 1944, he was appointed squadron leader of 8. '' Staffel'' (8th squadron) of JG 26 and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 24 October 1944 for 40 aerial victories claimed. In January 1945, he was transferred to take command of 5. ''Staffel'' of JG 26. On 26 March 1945, Hofmann was killed in action by friendly fire.

Early life

Hofmann was born on 24 March 1921 in Reichelsheim, in the People's State of Hesse.

World War II

World War II in Europe began on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. On 11 June 1942, Hofman was transferred from the '' Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe West'', a supplementary training unit for fighter pilots destined to fight on the Western Front, to 1. ''Staffel'' of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 26 "Schlageter" (JG 26—26th Fighter Wing), a squadron of the I. ''Gruppe''. At the time, I. ''Gruppe'' was commanded by '' Hauptmann'' Johannes Seifert while 1. ''Staffel'' was headed by ''Oberleutnant'' Josef Haiböck. The ''Gruppe'' was equipped with the Focke Wulf Fw 190 A series and based at Saint-Omer- Arques, fighting the Royal Air Force (RAF). On 11 October, the RAF Fighter Command targeted Saint-Omer with multiple " Rodeos". In defense of this attack, Hofmann claimed his first aerial victory, a No. 64 Squadron Supermarine Spitfire fighter shot down west of Cassel. On 9 December, he made a forced landing north of Watten in his Fw 190 A-4 (''Werknummer'' 5617—factory number) due to engine failure. He sustained severe injuries and was hospitalized for many months.

Eastern Front

Following a lengthy period of convalescence, Hofmann returned to 1. ''Staffel'' on 31 March 1943. I. ''Gruppe'' of JG 26 had been ordered to the Eastern Front in late January 1943 as part of the plan to exchange JG 26 with ''Jagdgeschwader'' 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing). At the time of Hofmann's return to his unit, the ''Gruppe'' was based at Dno and fighting in the vicinity of Demyansk in support of the 16th Army and 18th Army. He claimed his only aerial victory on the Eastern Front on 14 May when he shot down a Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3 fighter in combat east of Bryansk. In late May, ''Major'' Seifert was replaced by ''Major'' Fritz Losigkeit as commander of I. ''Gruppe''. On 6 June, the ''Gruppe'' started relocating back to the Western Front, at first to Warsaw, and then to Brandenburg-Briest and Rheine. Before, the relocation was completed, Losigkeit was replaced by ''Hauptmann'' Karl Borris as ''Gruppenkommandeur'' of I. ''Gruppe''.

Western Front

The ''Gruppe'' arrived in France on 10 June and was based at an airfield at Poix-de-Picardie. Hofmann was transferred from 1. ''Staffel'' to 10. ''Staffel'' on 28 September. Commander of 10. ''Staffel'' was ''Hauptmann'' Rudolf Leuschel, the ''Staffel'' was renamed on 1 October and from then on was known as 8. ''Staffel'' and a squadron of III. ''Gruppe'' commanded by ''Major'' Klaus Mietusch. On 18 October, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) targeted Düren, but the attacking bombers were recalled over the North Sea due to bad weather. The attack force was accompanied by numerous Lockheed P-38 Lightning, Republic P-47 Thunderbolt and Spitfire fighters which had the mission to clear the coastal area of Luftwaffe fighters. III. ''Gruppe'' encountered the Spitfires from No. 132 Squadron near Béthune. In this encounter, Hofmann claimed a Spitfire shot down near Ardes.

On 4 January 1944, the USAAF Eighth and Ninth Air Force, together with the RAF Second Tactical Air Force, attacked multiple V-1 flying bomb sites as well as Luftwaffe airfields in Germany and German-occupied territory. In support of this mission, two Spitfires from No. 501 Squadron were on a reconnaissance mission, photographing the target at Ligescourt. Hofmann shot down one of the Spitfires which crashed near Rue. Three days later, the USAAF Eighth Air Force bombed the IG Farben chemical plant at Ludwigshafen. In defense of this attack, Hofmann claimed his first heavy bomber destroyed, a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress shot down east of La Calique, located east of Boulogne-sur-Mer. On 11 January, Hofmann was credited with a ''endgültige Vernichtung'' (final destruction), a '' coup de grâce'' inflicted on an already damaged heavy bomber. While, the 2nd Air Division and most of the 3rd Air Division were recalled due to worsening weather conditions, the 1st Air Division successfully bombed the Focke Wulf factory at Oschersleben. The USAAF lost 42 B-17 bombers that day, including the B-17 destroyed by Hofmann northwest of Rheine. On 28 January 1944, Hofmann shot down a RAF No. 2 Squadron P-51 tactical reconnaissance aircraft near Abbeville. The next day, he claimed his third heavy bomber destroyed, a B-17 bomber shot down north of Lutrebois. That day, the USAAF had attacked targets in the greater Frankfurt area. On 12 April, Hofmann claimed his fifth heavy bomber destroyed when he shot down a B-24.

Squadron leader

On 25 February 1944, the ''Staffelkapitän'' of 8. ''Staffel'', ''Hauptmann'' Rudolf Leuschel, was killed in action. The following day, Hofmann succeeded Leuschel as commander of 8. ''Staffel''. On 8 June, two days after the Normandy landings, he claimed three USAAF fighters shot down in combat in the vicinity of Caen

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