On 1 October 2022, a fatal
human crush
Crowd collapses and crushes are catastrophic incidents that can occur when a body of people becomes dangerously overcrowded. When a body of people reaches or exceeds the density of , the pressure on each individual can cause the crowd to collapse ...
occurred following an association football match at
Kanjuruhan Stadium
Kanjuruhan Stadium ( Indonesian: ''Stadion Kanjuruhan'') was a multi-purpose stadium in Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia. It was used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 42,449. It was the home ground of Arema, a football team in ...
in
Malang Regency
The Malang Regency is a regency in East Java, Indonesia. Malang Regency is the second largest regency in East Java after Banyuwangi Regency, with a total area of 3,530.65 km2. Malang is rich in potential for agriculture, medicinal plants an ...
, East Java, Indonesia.
Following a loss by home side
Arema to
rivals
A rivalry is the state of two people or groups engaging in a lasting competitive relationship. Rivalry is the "against each other" spirit between two competing sides. The relationship itself may also be called "a rivalry", and each participant ...
Persebaya Surabaya
Persatuan Sepakbola Surabaya ( 'Football Association of Surabaya'), commonly known as Persebaya Surabaya or simply Persebaya, is an Indonesian professional football club based in Surabaya, East Java. It currently plays in the Liga 1, the top fl ...
, around 3,000 Arema supporters
invaded the pitch. Police said the rioting supporters attacked the players and the team officials. The police attempted to protect the players and stop the riot but the crowds clashed with the security forces. In response,
riot police
Riot police are police who are organized, deployed, trained or equipped to confront crowds, protests or riots.
Riot police may be regular police who act in the role of riot police in particular situations or they may be separate units organize ...
units deployed
tear gas
Tear gas, also known as a lachrymator agent or lachrymator (), sometimes colloquially known as "mace" after the early commercial aerosol, is a chemical weapon that stimulates the nerves of the lacrimal gland in the eye to produce tears. In ...
, which triggered a
stampede
A stampede () is a situation in which a group of large animals suddenly start running in the same direction, especially because they are excited or frightened. Non-human species associated with stampede behavior include zebras, cattle, elephants ...
of people in the stadium trying to escape from the effects of the gas. A crush formed at an exit, resulting in fans being
asphyxiated
Asphyxia or asphyxiation is a condition of deficient supply of oxygen to the body which arises from abnormal breathing. Asphyxia causes generalized hypoxia, which affects primarily the tissues and organs. There are many circumstances that can ...
.
As of 24 October, 135 people were killed, and 583 others were injured.
The disaster is the second deadliest in the history of association football worldwide, after the 1964
Estadio Nacional disaster
The worst disaster in the history of association football occurred at the Estadio Nacional in Lima, Peru, during a match between Peru national under-23 football team, Peru and Argentina national under-23 football team, Argentina on 24 May 1964. ...
in Peru which killed 328 people. Thus, it is the deadliest in Asia, Indonesia, and the eastern hemisphere.
On 6 October 2022, Indonesian police chief
Listyo Sigit Prabowo
Listyo Sigit Prabowo (born 5 May 1969) is an Indonesian Police-General, who is currently the Chief of the Indonesian National Police (Kapolri). He was previously the Head of the Criminal Investigation Agency (Bareskrim), and was inaugurated by ...
announced six suspects: director of the match organizer PT Liga Indonesia Baru (LIB), Arema head of security officer, Arema match organising committee for negligence and three police officers for the use of tear gas.
Background
Football hooliganism
Football hooliganism, also known as soccer hooliganism, football rioting or soccer rioting, constitutes violence and other destructive behaviours perpetrated by spectators at association football events. Football hooliganism normally involves ...
has had a long history in Indonesia, with dozens of supporters killed since the 1990s. Several teams' fan clubs have so-called "commanders", and riot police units are present in many matches, with
flare
A flare, also sometimes called a fusée, fusee, or bengala in some Latin-speaking countries, is a type of pyrotechnic that produces a bright light or intense heat without an explosion. Flares are used for distress signaling, illumination, ...
s often being used to disperse rioting crowds invading the pitch. In 2018, riots at Kanjuruhan following a match between Malang's Arema and
Persib Bandung
Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Bandung ( 'Indonesian Football Association of Bandung'), commonly referred to as Persib Bandung, or simply Persib, is a professional football club based in Bandung, West Java, which competes in Liga 1, the to ...
had resulted in a fatality after riot police employed
tear gas
Tear gas, also known as a lachrymator agent or lachrymator (), sometimes colloquially known as "mace" after the early commercial aerosol, is a chemical weapon that stimulates the nerves of the lacrimal gland in the eye to produce tears. In ...
to disperse crowds.
Although
FIFA regulation 19b states that tear gas should not be used in stadiums by pitchside stewards or police,
it is employed by
Indonesian police riot units for securing football matches.
FIFA regulations are optional when an association or confederation arranges an event by its own competition regulations. Therefore, the regulations may only serve as guidelines.
Arema and Persebaya Surabaya, longstanding rival clubs as the
Super East Java Derby, were scheduled to play a
Liga 1 regular season match at Malang's 42,000-capacity Kanjuruhan Stadium on 1 October.
Due to security concerns, police had requested that the match be held earlier in the afternoon at () instead of at 20:00 (13:00 UTC), and that only 38,000 people be allowed to spectate; however the request was not accepted by Liga 1 officials and match organisers, and 42,000 tickets were printed.
Following police advice, however, tickets to the match were not provided for Persebaya supporters.
The Malang Police Chief had held a phone conversation with the Director of Operations of LIB,
Sujarno, who said the match must still be held at night.
Disaster
Throughout the match itself, the security situation was smooth and without major incidents.
Following the end of the match, in which Persebaya defeated Arema 3–2 – Persebaya's first ever win away at Arema, four spectators from stands 9 and 10 entered the field to take photos with Arema players. According to a witness, they were chased by the police, who pulled off their shirts and beat them; this triggered other supporters to enter the field area.
Approximately 3,000 supporters of Arema, nicknamed
Aremania,
invaded the pitch.
The first group of spectators who invaded the pitch came from stand 12. They scattered around the pitch looking for their team's players and officials, demanding their explanation of the defeat "after 23 years of undefeated home matches" against its rival Persebaya.
Security officials and police tried to divert more Aremania away from the pitch, but to no avail.
Then Aremania proceeded to throw objects, damaged police vehicles and start fires in the stadium,
forcing Persebaya's players to rush for cover inside locker rooms and then be rushed again into police
armoured personnel carriers
An armoured personnel carrier (APC) is a broad type of armoured military vehicle designed to transport personnel and equipment in combat zones. Since World War I, APCs have become a very common piece of military equipment around the world.
Acc ...
for an hour before they could leave the stadium.
![South stand after tear gas fired in to the crowd - Narasi TV](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/South_stand_after_tear_gas_fired_in_to_the_crowd_-_Narasi_TV.jpg)
After failed "preventive measures",
the police began using tear gas in an attempt to disperse the rioters on the pitch. Initially, the police fired tear gas towards stand 12, with stands 10,11, and 14 then targeted, followed by the south and north stands.
This affected Aremania invading the pitch and other people there,
causing Aremania to run for the single exit point (gates 12–14) to avoid the tear gas. All gates were locked except gate 14, with most victims later found at gates 13 and 14, which resulted in a
crowd crush
Crowd collapses and crushes are catastrophic incidents that can occur when a body of people becomes dangerously overcrowded. When a body of people reaches or exceeds the density of , the pressure on each individual can cause the crowd to collapse ...
and
asphyxiation
Asphyxia or asphyxiation is a condition of deficient supply of oxygen to the body which arises from abnormal breathing. Asphyxia causes generalized hypoxia, which affects primarily the tissues and organs. There are many circumstances that ca ...
.
Tear gas was also deployed outside the stadium.
Listyo claimed 11 shots of tear gas were fired in this disaster (7 shots to south, 1 shot to north and 3 shots to the pitch). while ''
The Washington Post
''The Washington Post'' (also known as the ''Post'' and, informally, ''WaPo'') is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C. It is the most widely circulated newspaper within the Washington metropolitan area and has a large nati ...
'' reported that police fired at least 40 rounds of tear gas at the crowd within 10 minutes. The police said that ten police vehicles and three private vehicles were destroyed by the Aremania.
In the immediate aftermath of the riot, the players' lobby and changing rooms were used as makeshift evacuation posts, with Arema players and officials helping to evacuate victims still in the stadium. The victims were taken to hospitals by ambulances and
Indonesian Army trucks.
Many died on the way to or during treatment.
Casualties
On 5 October 2022, the
Indonesian National Police confirmed 131 deaths from this disaster.
This data echoed the previous report of 131 deaths from the Malang Regency Office of Health. Meanwhile, 133 deaths are reported by the Postmortem Crisis Center Post, established by the government of Malang Regency.
Aremania disputed the official numbers, alleging that more than 200 people may be killed, as some of the dead bodies are immediately returned to their families instead of being transported to the hospital.
Thirty-nine children from ages 3 to 17 are also included in the death toll. The number is expected to increase as some of the treated victims were "deteriorating".
As of 18 October 2022, the reported number of casualties is 583 injured and 133 killed.
The 135th victim died on 24 October 2022.
The municipal government of Malang paid for the medical treatment of victims.
Kepanjen Regional Hospital and Wava Hospital are reported to be full of victims from the disaster, leading to some being sent to other hospitals around the city.
The governor of East Java,
Khofifah Indar Parawansa
Khofifah Indar Parawansa (born 19 May 1965) is an Indonesian politician who is the current Governor of East Java. Previously she served as the 27th Minister of Social Affairs. She resigned from the position in January 2018 in order to run in the ...
, announced that the government of East Java would provide financial compensation for the victims' relatives. Each
next-of-kin
A person's next of kin (NOK) are that person's closest living blood relatives. Some countries, such as the United States, have a legal definition of "next of kin". In other countries, such as the United Kingdom, "next of kin" may have no legal d ...
of the deceased would receive
Rp 10 million (USD ), while the wounded victims would receive Rp 5 million (USD ). On 4 October 2022, Widodo announced the provision of additional financial compensation of Rp 50 million (USD ) from the central government to each deceased's next-of-kin.
The disaster is the second deadliest in the history of association football worldwide, after the 1964
Estadio Nacional disaster
The worst disaster in the history of association football occurred at the Estadio Nacional in Lima, Peru, during a match between Peru national under-23 football team, Peru and Argentina national under-23 football team, Argentina on 24 May 1964. ...
in Peru, which killed 328 people.
Ages
Of those who died, 38 were aged under 17. The youngest who died was 3 years old and the oldest was 45 years old.
Aftermath
As a result of the incident, President
Joko Widodo later instructed the association to suspend all Liga 1 matches until all "evaluation of improvement of security procedures" is carried out, followed by joint fact-finding team deciding that all football leagues matches (
Liga 1,
Liga 2 and
Liga 3) were temporarily suspended until the President says it can be normalised. The Indonesian Football Association (PSSI) apologised for the incident and announced a ban on home matches for Arema for the rest of the season. PSSI also stated that the decision to continue to hold the match by PT Liga Indonesia Baru, which is the organiser of the match, had been agreed with other stakeholders of Indonesian football.
In addition, Widodo also orders all Liga 1, 2 and 3 stadiums to be fully audited by Minister of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR)
Basuki Hadimuljono.
On 3 October 2022, two days after the incident, the Head of Indonesian police
Listyo Sigit Prabowo
Listyo Sigit Prabowo (born 5 May 1969) is an Indonesian Police-General, who is currently the Chief of the Indonesian National Police (Kapolri). He was previously the Head of the Criminal Investigation Agency (Bareskrim), and was inaugurated by ...
removed the Head of Police of Malang, Police Adjunct Chief Commissioner Ferli Hidayat, from his duties. Nine officers from East Java
Mobile Brigade Corps
The Mobile Brigade Corps ( id, Korps Brigade Mobil) abbreviated Brimob is the special operations, paramilitary, and tactical unit of the Indonesian National Police (Polri). It is one of the oldest existing units within Polri. Some of its main ...
were also removed.
Also on 3 October 2022, PSSI announced that the
2023 AFC U-17 Asian Cup qualification
The 2023 AFC U-17 Asian Cup qualification was an international men's under-17 association football, football competition which was held to decide the participating teams of the 2023 AFC U-17 Asian Cup. It was held as under-17 tournament for the fir ...
group B matches, which is held in Indonesia, will be played
behind closed doors starting that night.
On 4 October 2022, a police officer was held in custody for 21 days for using the official Twitter account of
Bantul
Bantul is a town and district, and the capital of Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The district (''kapanewon'') covers an area of and had a population of 64,360 at the 2020 Census. It is a bustling town about to the sout ...
's Srandakan police in the
Special Region of Yogyakarta
The Special Region of Yogyakarta (; id, Daerah Istimewa (D.I.) Yogyakarta) is a provincial-level autonomous region of Indonesia in southern Java. It has also been known as the Special Territory of Yogyakarta.
It is bordered by the Indian Oce ...
, tweeting "Die!", "What are you all supporting for?" and "Salute to soldier! Eradicate!" in response to Indonesian netizens discussing the use of tear gas in the incident.
After the incident, a video showing Indonesian soldiers beating and kicking Arema supporters surfaced. Commander of the
Indonesian National Armed Forces Andika Perkasa promised that the act is not considered as self defence, and the soldiers involved would be charged with criminal law.
After his meeting with FIFA President
Gianni Infantino
Giovanni Vincenzo Infantino (; born 23 March 1970) is a Swiss football administrator with Italian citizenship and the current president of FIFA. He was elected President of FIFA during the 2016 FIFA Extraordinary Congress in February 2016. H ...
on 18 October 2022, Widodo issued orders to deactivate Kanjuruhan Stadium, demolish and rebuild it according to FIFA standards.
On 5 December 2022, the imposed suspension of Liga 1 was lifted, and the competition resumed, with all matches in the rest of the Liga 1 2022–23 first round (game weeks 12 until 17) being held behind closed doors.
Legal
Following the incident, there were calls from the Institute for Security and Strategic Studies (ISESS), an Indonesian defence and security think tank, and the Indonesian Police Watch (IPW) to dismiss the Malang police chief, Adjunct Chief Commissioner Ferli Hidayat. ISESS also demanded the dismissal of the East Java police chief Inspector General Nico Afinta, while IPW requested Afinta to bring the organisers of the match to trial.
The PSSI Disciplinary Commission imposed a lifetime ban on football activities on the Arema match organising committee chairman, Abdul Haris, and Arema head of security officer, Suko Sutrisno. In addition, Arema was subjected to a Rp 250 million (USD 16,000) fine, and Arema was prohibited from holding matches with spectators as hosts. The match must be held far from the Malang home base, up to from the location.
Investigation
![Gate 13 kanjuruhan 1](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Gate_13_kanjuruhan_1.png)
The
National Commission on Human Rights of Indonesia (KOMNAS HAM) plans to investigate the incident and the use of tear gas by police. Although FIFA's rules say that tear gas should not be used inside stadiums, the chief of regional police defended its use, citing the threats posed by the rioters to players and officials.
However, the police also stated that they will evaluate the use of tear gas. Investigators are also examining the role of 18 police officers who operated the tear gas launcher. On 12 October 2022, KOMNAS HAM published their findings. On 14 October 2022
Narasi an Indonesian independent news office, released a
visual investigation by presenting the sequence of the disaster, highlighting the abuse of tear gas. Narasi compiled more than 80 amateur videos recordings.
Police
Police investigated
CCTV footage at six gates of the Kanjuruhan Stadium on 4 October. Specifically, gates 3 and 9–13 were looked at because of results from a preliminary analysis assessed most of the victims were at those gates.
On 6 October 2022, Head of Indonesian police
Listyo Sigit Prabowo
Listyo Sigit Prabowo (born 5 May 1969) is an Indonesian Police-General, who is currently the Chief of the Indonesian National Police (Kapolri). He was previously the Head of the Criminal Investigation Agency (Bareskrim), and was inaugurated by ...
announced six accused. Ahmad Hadi Lukita, the director of PT Liga Indonesia Baru, is charged for his negligence of stadium verification. Abdul Haris, Arema match organising committee chairman, is charged for not fulfilling the obligation of creating a set of safety rules or guidelines for spectators, as well as allowing ticket sales above stadium capacity. Suko Sutrisno, Arema head of security officer, is charged for not creating risk assessment document, and ordering gate stewards to leave stadium gates in the wake of the disaster. Three police officers are also charged: Wahyu S. Wahyu, Chief of Operations of Malang Regency Police; Hasdarman, Commander of 3rd Mobile Brigade Company of East Java Police, and Bambang Sidik Achmadi, Head of Prevention Unit of Malang Regency Police. Wahyu is charged for not prohibiting the use of tear gas, despite being aware of its prohibition by FIFA regulations, while Hasdarman and Achmadi are charged for ordering the use of tear gas by their subordinates. They are charged under Articles 359 and 360 of the , as well as Article 103 juncto Article 52 of Indonesian Law No. 11/2022 on Sports.
On 10 October 2022, police admitted using expired tear gas. The fact-finding team submitted tear gas samples to
National Research and Innovation Agency
The National Research and Innovation Agency ( id, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, BRIN) is a cabinet-level government agency formed by the Indonesian government in 2019. Originally a new agency attached to the Ministry of Research and Technolo ...
(BRIN) to analyze tear gas used by police to find possible toxins or other compounds in the tear gas, to determine the compounds causing injury or death of the victims. The tear gas samples originated from three separate Police stockpiles, from
Brimob, Samapta Corps, and Malang Regency Police. Due to expired tear gas issue, the parents of two victims who died in the tragedy submitted a request for a re-autopsy on the bodies of their daughters, the father questioning the cause of the death of his two daughters.
On 15 November 2022, The East Java Police called a doctor from Wava Husada Hospital, Kepanjen, to present evidence against the suspects for violating the Indonesian Criminal Code articles 359 and 360, which deal with causing someone to suffer a serious injury or death caused by negligence, as well as Article 103 Paragraph 1 in conjunction with Article 52 Indonesian Law number 11/2022 on sports,
which the charges was announced on 6 October..
Until 15 November 2022, eleven doctors had already been questioned by the police.
Joint fact-finding team
On 3 October 2022, a joint independent fact-finding team, headed by the Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs
Mahfud MD
Mohammad Mahfud Mahmodin (born 13 May 1957), commonly known as Mahfud MD, is an Indonesian politician and lawyer, who is currently serving as the Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs of Indonesia. He is the first civ ...
and Minister of Youth and Sports
Zainudin Amali, was formed. No members of the
Football Association of Indonesia
The Football Association of Indonesia ( id, Persatuan Sepakbola Seluruh Indonesia; 'All-Indonesian Football Association'; abbreviated as PSSI) is the governing body of football in Indonesia. It was founded on 19 April 1930, fifteen years before ...
(PSSI) joined the fact-finding team.
On 14 October 2022, the fact-finding team submitted a 124-page final report on the investigation to the president. While the full report is classified, a summary and excerpt of the report was made available.
The report put blames six parties involved in the incident: PSSI, LIB, match organizing committee, match security officers, the Police and Indonesian Army, and Arema supporters.
From the involved parties, PSSI was blamed by the fact-finding team as major cause of the incident.
The fact-finding team assessed that there were eight occurrences of PSSI misconduct, and that the PSSI chairman and executive committee members should resign over the Kanjuruhan disaster. On the other hand, PSSI refuses to do the joint fact-finding team recommendation for PSSI to reshuffle the management through the Extraordinary Congress (KLB). PSSI claimed those are recommendation only. On 28 October 2022, PSSI executive commissioners announced that they will hold an extraordinary congress, after club representatives and members of PSSI invoked Article 34 of the PSSI Statute.
At the time of the fact-finding team announced the final report, BRIN not yet finished analysis of the tear gas samples and was still assessing the toxicity and performing complete toxin profiling. Nonetheless the BRIN report produced and later submitted as addendum of the fact-finding team's final report, the fact-finding team insisting that the high concentration of the tear gas is the main cause of the injury and death. On 21 October 2022, the tear gas laboratory analysis results were submitted to TGIPF by BRIN. However, TGIPF through Mahfud MD was hesitant to publish the findings to public. According to Mahfud, TGIPF came to the conclusion that the root cause of the panic that resulted in the deaths of hundreds of people was tear gas. Due to hesitancy of the report release, Aremania held protest on 27 October 2022 demanded many things including release of the BRIN report. On 15 November 2022, TGIPF released statement that the BRIN report is reserved for the investigation and prosecution purposes. The report also submitted for the case submission; thus, the release of the report to public is unlikely.
The fact-finding team also found CCTV footage at Kanjuruhan Stadium which was thought to be deleted, indicating a possible cover-up attempt. The footage came from the main lobby and parking area with a duration of 3 hours 21 minutes.
Autopsies
On 5 November 2022, an independent team from the Indonesian Forensic Doctors Association performed
autopsies
An autopsy (post-mortem examination, obduction, necropsy, or autopsia cadaverum) is a surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse by dissection to determine the cause, mode, and manner of death or to evaluate any d ...
on the bodies of two disaster victims after they were postponed. The victim's family said that the police had intimidated them.
The exhumation of two females, aged 16 and 13, took place at the Sukolilo, Wajak public cemetery.
On 30 November 2022, Indonesian Forensic Doctors Association announced the conclusion of the autopsies in Airlangga University. They stated that the victims' lungs did not contain any tear gas residue. Instead, the two victims' deaths were due to bleeding and fractures of the rib and chest.
They also stated that the corpse had decomposed when they took the samples.
The victim's lawyer claims that when the victims were found in the disaster, they had blackened faces, foam flowing from their mouths, and were dripping urine.
Reactions
Commission III of the
People's Representative Council's deputy chairman,
Ahmad Sahroni
Ahmad Sahroni (born 8 August 1977) is an Indonesian politician from Nasdem Party who is a member of the People's Representative Council.
Personal life
Ahmad Sahroni was born in Tanjung Priok, North Jakarta on 8 August 1977. His father was a nasi ...
, condemned the actions of the officers throwing tear gas at the stands, which were filled with people. According to him, the use of tear gas in stadiums is prohibited by FIFA and is not included in the standard operating procedures for securing football matches. Sahroni asked the National Police Chief General
Listyo Sigit Prabowo
Listyo Sigit Prabowo (born 5 May 1969) is an Indonesian Police-General, who is currently the Chief of the Indonesian National Police (Kapolri). He was previously the Head of the Criminal Investigation Agency (Bareskrim), and was inaugurated by ...
to take firm action against the officers responsible for the use of tear gas.
FIFA
On 6 October 2022, Widodo sent a letter to FIFA President
Gianni Infantino
Giovanni Vincenzo Infantino (; born 23 March 1970) is a Swiss football administrator with Italian citizenship and the current president of FIFA. He was elected President of FIFA during the 2016 FIFA Extraordinary Congress in February 2016. H ...
through
Minister of State Owned Enterprises
The Minister of State Owned Enterprises is the government minister in New Zealand responsible for trading enterprises owned by the New Zealand Government (see State-owned enterprises of New Zealand), usually in conjunction with the minister r ...
Erick Thohir
Erick Thohir (born 30 May 1970) is an Indonesian businessman and politician who has served as Indonesia's Minister of State Owned Enterprises since 2019. He is the founder of Mahaka Group, a conglomeration that focuses on media, sports and enter ...
. FIFA replied to the letter on 7 October 2022 as follows:
# No sanction given to Indonesia and Indonesia National Team from FIFA.
# Collaboration between Indonesian government, FIFA,
AFC and PSSI will be formed with goals of:
## Establishing stadium security standards for all football stadiums in Indonesia.
## Formulating security protocols and procedures performed by the police to meet international standards.
## Fostering discussions between Indonesian football clubs and supporter representatives to collect input and joint commitments.
## Re-assessing football game schedules and performing
risk–benefit analysis.
## Inviting experts for guidance and advising purposes.
# Establishment of a special FIFA office in Indonesia
On 18 October 2022, Infantino met Widodo in
Istana Merdeka. In the meeting, the Indonesian government and FIFA agreed to:
# Fix the Indonesian football system, infrastructures, and fan culture.
# Ensure all aspects in Indonesian football competitions will be run under FIFA standards.
# Ensure all aspects in match safety will be run under FIFA standards.
# Re-assess all stadiums worthiness and applying up to date technologies.
# Comprehensively transform Indonesian football standards in accordance with FIFA standards. Assessments of all Indonesian football stakeholders will be jointly performed by the Indonesian government and FIFA.
# Run the
2023 FIFA U-20 World Cup
The 2023 FIFA U-20 World Cup will be the 23rd edition of the FIFA U-20 World Cup, the biennial international men's youth football championship contested by the under-20 national teams of the member associations of FIFA, since its inception in 197 ...
, with Indonesia as the host of the tournament as planned and scheduled. The tournament will be jointly managed by the Indonesian government and FIFA.
International
* Several football leagues hold a minute's silence to express sympathy for the victims of the tragedy.
*
UEFA
Union of European Football Associations (UEFA ; french: Union des associations européennes de football; german: Union der europäischen Fußballverbände) is one of six continental bodies of governance in association football. It governs f ...
hold a moment of silence before every
UEFA Champions League
The UEFA Champions League (abbreviated as UCL, or sometimes, UEFA CL) is an annual club football competition organised by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and contested by top-division European clubs, deciding the competi ...
,
UEFA Europa League
The UEFA Europa League (abbreviated as UEL, or sometimes, UEFA EL), formerly the UEFA Cup, is an annual football club competition organised since 1971 by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) for eligible European football clubs. ...
, and
UEFA Europa Conference League
The UEFA Europa Conference League (abbreviated as UECL) is an annual football club competition organised by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) for eligible European football clubs. Clubs qualify for the competition based on thei ...
matchday three games.
*
Malaysian Minister of Youth and Sports Ahmad Faizal Azumu conveyed condolences to family members of victims of the tragedy. He also added that Malaysia is ready to provide any assistance if required by the Indonesian government.
* King
Charles III
Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. He was the longest-serving heir apparent and Prince of Wales and, at age 73, became the oldest person t ...
and Queen Consort
Camilla expressed their heartfelt condolences to Indonesian people and Indonesian government in aftermath of the disaster.
*
German president Frank-Walter Steinmeier
Frank-Walter Steinmeier (; born 5 January 1956) is a German politician serving as President of Germany since 19 March 2017. He was previously Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2005 to 2009 and again from 2013 to 2017, as well as Vice Chan ...
wrote a letter to President Joko Widodo expressing his sympathy to the victims of the disaster.
Chancellor Olaf Scholz also expressed his condolences to the victims.
* In the UEFA Champions League match between
Bayern Munich and
Viktoria Plzeň
Viktoria usually refers to Viktoria, a name which is the same as Victoria (name), but may also refer to:
Places
* FK Viktoria Stadion, stadium of Viktoria Žižkov
* Viktoria-Luise-Platz, building in Berlin
* Viktoriastadt, now known as Victoria ...
, Bayern's supporters showed a banner that reads "more than 100 people killed by the police! Remember the dead of Kanjuruhan!"
*Many European football clubs expressed condolences, including
Chelsea
Chelsea or Chelsey may refer to:
Places Australia
* Chelsea, Victoria
Canada
* Chelsea, Nova Scotia
* Chelsea, Quebec
United Kingdom
* Chelsea, London, an area of London, bounded to the south by the River Thames
** Chelsea (UK Parliament consti ...
,
Liverpool
Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. With a population of in 2019, it is the 10th largest English district by population and its metropolitan area is the fifth largest in the United Kingdom, with a populat ...
,
Manchester United,
Manchester City, and
Barcelona
Barcelona ( , , ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within ci ...
.
*
Borussia Dortmund
Ballspielverein Borussia 09 e. V. Dortmund, commonly known as Borussia Dortmund (), BVB (), or simply Dortmund (), is a German professional sports club based in Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia. It is best known for its men's professional fo ...
's tour to Indonesia was cancelled due to government regulations to improve safety measures. They announced it a month after the disaster.
Police
On 28 October 2022, to provide security for the organizing of sporting events after the Kanjuruhan Stadium disaster, the police issued Chief on the National Police Decree No. 10/2022. The new regulation becomes effective on 4 November 2022. In the new regulation, uses of offensive weapons such as tear gases, smoke grenades, guns in securing the sporting events are forbidden, and police will no longer permitted to carry such weapons in sporting events. As replacement, the police only authorized the use of
hand-to-hand martial arts and defensive tools such as
riot shield
A riot shield is a lightweight protection device, typically deployed by police and some military organizations, though also utilized by protestors. Riot shields are typically long enough to cover an average-sized person from the top of the head to ...
and
baton for securing the sporting events. To deter any further pitch invasion events, defensive fences will be installed in the stadium to separate the team supporters and pitch in all stadiums in Indonesia. The defensive fences will also be erected in other designated protected areas inside and outside the stadium to ensure the safety of the team supporters, spectators, players, and officials.
Liga 3 (third division)
Several Provincional
Liga 3 (third division; regional leagues) were annulled as a result of noncompliance of National Police Decree No. 10/2022. Per 1 January 2023,
East Java
East Java ( id, Jawa Timur) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia located in the easternmost hemisphere of Java island. It has a land border only with the province of Central Java to the west; the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean bord ...
and
Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta (; jv, ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ ; pey, Jogjakarta) is the capital city of Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java. As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by a monarchy, ...
2022–2023 Liga 3 season were abandoned.
See also
*
List of human stampedes and crushes:
**
Heysel Stadium disaster
The Heysel Stadium disaster ( it, Strage dell'Heysel ; german: link=no, Katastrophe von Heysel ; french: Drame du Heysel ; nl, Heizeldrama ) was a crowd disaster that occurred on 29 May 1985 when mostly Juventus fans escaping from a breach by L ...
– a similar disaster in Belgium in 1985 also caused by rioting football fans
**
Hillsborough disaster – a similar disaster in the United Kingdom in 1989 due to police failings rather than supporters' behavior.
**
Port Said Stadium riot – a similar disaster in Egypt in 2012 that involved the use of tear gas toward rioting supporters
**
2022 Gelora Bandung Lautan Api stampede
On 17 June 2022, two people died from being asphyxiated during a stampede at the gate of Gelora Bandung Lautan Api Stadium, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia to watch the 2022 President's Cup group stage match between Persib Bandung as host and Pers ...
**
Seoul Halloween crowd crush
On the night of 29 October 2022, a crowd crush occurred during Halloween festivities in the Itaewon neighborhood of Seoul, South Korea. At least 158 people were killed and 196 others were injured. The victims were mostly young adults.
The crow ...
– a crowd crush in
Itaewon
Itaewon (; IPA ) is multi-cultural commercial area located in Seoul, South Korea. it is one of the most popular neighborhoods in Seoul, known for its nightlife and trendy restaurants.
Etymology
The name Itaewon was originally derived from the n ...
,
Seoul
Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) as stated iArticle 103 of ...
,
South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea. Its western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eas ...
on 29 October at the same year.
Notes
References
External links
The Kanjuruhan catastrophe: A mirror of Indonesia’s tumultuous football politicsby BRIN researcher Aulia Hadi
Represifitas Aparat dalam Peristiwa Kanjuruhan: Tanggung Jawab Siapa?by law researcher of University of Indonesia Della Puspita and Enmia Hetty Lorenza T.
Ada 14.928 Penonton di Area Terlarang Kanjuruhan an investigation by
Kompas
''Kompas'' () is an Indonesian national newspaper from Jakarta which was founded on 28 June 1965. The paper is published by PT Kompas Media Nusantara, which is a part of Kompas Gramedia Group. Its head office is located at the Kompas Multime ...
related with bad stadium design
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kanjuruhan Stadium stampede
2022 disasters in Indonesia
2022 in Indonesian football
2020s in Java
October 2022 events in Indonesia
Human stampedes in 2022
Association football controversies
Association football riots
Crowd collapses and crushes
Human stampedes in Asia
Man-made disasters in Indonesia
Riots and civil disorder in Indonesia
Stadium disasters
History of East Java
Arema F.C.
Persebaya Surabaya
Controversies in Indonesia
Police brutality in Asia