Kaliapparat on:
[Wikipedia]
[Google]
[Amazon]
A kaliapparat is a laboratory device invented in 1831 by Justus von Liebig (1803–1873) for the analysis of 
Subtracting the mass of the kaliapparat before the combustion from that measured after the combustion gives the amount of CO2 absorbed. From the mass of CO2 thus determined, standard stoichiometric calculations then give the mass of carbon in the original sample.
A stylized symbol of a kaliapparat is used in the
carbon
Carbon () is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol, symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalence, tetravalent—meaning that its atoms are able to form up to four covalent bonds due to its valence shell exhibiting 4 ...
in organic compound
Some chemical authorities define an organic compound as a chemical compound that contains a carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon bond; others consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon. For example, carbon-co ...
s. The device, made of glass
Glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline solid, non-crystalline) solid. Because it is often transparency and translucency, transparent and chemically inert, glass has found widespread practical, technological, and decorative use in window pane ...
, consists of a series of five bulbs connected and arranged in a triangular shape.
To determine the carbon in an organic compound with a kaliapparat, the substance is first burned, converting any carbon
Carbon () is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol, symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalence, tetravalent—meaning that its atoms are able to form up to four covalent bonds due to its valence shell exhibiting 4 ...
present into carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula . It is made up of molecules that each have one carbon atom covalent bond, covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is found in a gas state at room temperature and at norma ...
(CO2). The gaseous products along with the water vapor produced by combustion
Combustion, or burning, is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. Combustion ...
are passed through the kaliapparat, which is filled with a potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. The potassium hydroxide reacts with the CO2 to trap it as potassium carbonate. The global reaction, ignoring intermediate steps and the corresponding ionic dissociation, can be written as follows:
:2 KOH + CO2 → K2CO3 + H2O.
Subtracting the mass of the kaliapparat before the combustion from that measured after the combustion gives the amount of CO2 absorbed. From the mass of CO2 thus determined, standard stoichiometric calculations then give the mass of carbon in the original sample.
A stylized symbol of a kaliapparat is used in the American Chemical Society
The American Chemical Society (ACS) is a scientific society based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of chemistry. Founded in 1876 at New York University, the ACS currently has more than 155,000 members at all ...
logo since 1909, originally designed in the early 20th century by Tiffany's Jewelers.
See also
* CHN analyzer * Combustion analysis * Dumas method of molecular weight determination * Elemental analysis * Total organic carbonReferences
Further reading
* See especially pages 36 – 41 and 58 – 66.External links
* * * {{cite web , title = American Chemical Society , url = http://www.acs.org/ , access-date = 2009-06-29 – The American Chemical Society's logo contains a kaliapparat. 1831 in the German Confederation 1831 in science Analytical chemistry Elemental analysis German inventions Justus von Liebig Laboratory equipment Organic chemistry