![Kaiwaka](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Kaiwaka.jpg)
Kaiwaka "the little town of lights"
is a settlement in
Northland, New Zealand. The Kaiwaka River runs from the east through the area and joins with the Wairau River to form the
Otamatea River, which drains into the
Kaipara Harbour
Kaipara Harbour is a large enclosed harbour estuary complex on the north western side of the North Island of New Zealand. The northern part of the harbour is administered by the Kaipara District and the southern part is administered by the Auckla ...
.
State Highway 1
The following highways are numbered 1.
For roads numbered A1, see list of A1 roads.
For roads numbered B1, see list of B1 roads.
For roads numbered M1, see List of M1 roads.
For roads numbered N1, see list of N1 roads.
For roads numbere ...
passes through Kaiwaka.
Wellsford
Wellsford (Māori: ''Whakapirau'') is a town on the Northland Peninsula in the northern North Island of New Zealand. It is the northernmost major settlement in the Auckland Region, and is 77 kilometres northwest of the Auckland CBD.
Wellsford i ...
is 20 km south,
Brynderwyn is 8 km north and
Whangarei the closest city, being 60 km (45 minutes drive) north. The
Mangawhai Heads
Mangawhai Heads is a township in Northland, New Zealand. Waipu is 21 kilometres northwest, and Mangawhai is 5 kilometres southwest.
Mangawhai Heads Beach is an intermediate-level surf beach.
The Mangawhai Cliffs Walkway, north of the townshi ...
are 18 km north east.
The New Zealand
Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "eating the canoes" for ''Kaiwaka''. The reference to food and canoe may reflect the historic
Mangapai portage route between Kaiwaka and
Mangawhai
Mangawhai is a locality in Northland, New Zealand around the Mangawhai Harbour. The township of Mangawhai is at the south west extent of the harbour, and the township of Mangawhai Heads is 5 km north east. Kaiwaka is 13 km south west ...
linking the East coast with the
Kaipara Harbour
Kaipara Harbour is a large enclosed harbour estuary complex on the north western side of the North Island of New Zealand. The northern part of the harbour is administered by the Kaipara District and the southern part is administered by the Auckla ...
.
Local tradition also speaks of a cloud that is only observed in this part of the Kaipara. It is seen as an omen that a high ranking person is about to pass on. ''He kapua pōuri ngā kaiwaka kei runga i te paerangi. He tohu aituā tēnei (Te Ara 2015).'' / Kaiwaka are threatening clouds on the horizon. This a sign of misfortune.
History
Pre-European history
In February 1825, during the
Musket Wars
The Musket Wars were a series of as many as 3,000 battles and raids fought throughout New Zealand (including the Chatham Islands) among Māori between 1807 and 1837, after Māori first obtained muskets and then engaged in an intertribal arms rac ...
, a major battle between
Ngā Puhi and
Ngāti Whātua
Ngāti Whātua is a Māori iwi (tribe) of the lower Northland Peninsula of New Zealand's North Island. It comprises a confederation of four hapū (subtribes) interconnected both by ancestry and by association over time: Te Uri-o-Hau, Te Roroa, ...
at Te Ika-a-ranga-nui near Kaiwaka resulted in over 170 deaths.
European settlement
Kaiwaka became a trading and commercial point from the late 1850s. As the
kauri
''Agathis'', commonly known as kauri or dammara, is a genus of 22 species of evergreen tree. The genus is part of the ancient conifer family Araucariaceae, a group once widespread during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, but now largely res ...
timber and
gum industries declined towards the end of the century, dairy farming became established. The Hakaru Dairy Company was formed to serve Kaiwaka farmers in 1902.
From the 1880s, steamers provided regular service to Kaiwaka from the Otamatea. The ''Minnie Casey'' ran a service every Tuesday from 1882. Services continued well into the 20th century.
The
Great North Road from
Auckland
Auckland (pronounced ) ( mi, Tāmaki Makaurau) is a large metropolitan city in the North Island of New Zealand. The most populous urban area in the country and the fifth largest city in Oceania, Auckland has an urban population of about ...
to
Whangarei passed through Kaiwaka, but was only a line on a map for much of the 19th century. Attempts were made to improve the road from 1895, and by 1900 the worst places on the road between Kaiwaka and Whangarei were metalled. In 1911, Kaiwaka had a population of 211.
The
North Auckland railway line reached Kaiwaka in March 1913, although problems with the terrain, and
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, meant that it was not extended significantly further north until the early 1920s.
The
Lands and Survey Department took over large blocks of unproductive land and developed them in the 1940s, and these were passed to returning soldiers in the early 1950s.
Marae
Kaiwaka's Te Pounga Marae and meeting house on the central peninsula of Kaipara Harbour are a traditional meeting place for
Te Uri o Hau and
Ngāti Whātua
Ngāti Whātua is a Māori iwi (tribe) of the lower Northland Peninsula of New Zealand's North Island. It comprises a confederation of four hapū (subtribes) interconnected both by ancestry and by association over time: Te Uri-o-Hau, Te Roroa, ...
.
Demographics
Statistics New Zealand describes Kaiwaka as a rural settlement, which covers .
Kaiwaka is part of the larger Kaiwaka statistical area.
Kaiwaka settlement had a population of 714 at the
2018 New Zealand census
Eighteen or 18 may refer to:
* 18 (number), the natural number following 17 and preceding 19
* one of the years 18 BC, AD 18, 1918, 2018
Film, television and entertainment
* ''18'' (film), a 1993 Taiwanese experimental film based on the sho ...
, an increase of 129 people (22.1%) since the
2013 census, and an increase of 189 people (36.0%) since the
2006 census
6 (six) is the natural number following 5 and preceding 7. It is a composite number and the smallest perfect number.
In mathematics
Six is the smallest positive integer which is neither a square number nor a prime number; it is the second small ...
. There were 234 households, comprising 348 males and 369 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.94 males per female, with 168 people (23.5%) aged under 15 years, 120 (16.8%) aged 15 to 29, 318 (44.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 102 (14.3%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 75.2% European/Pākehā, 30.7% Māori, 2.9% Pacific peoples, 6.3% Asian, and 2.1% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 57.1% had no religion, 25.6% were Christian, 6.7% had
Māori religious beliefs, 1.7% were Hindu, 0.4% were Muslim, 0.8% were Buddhist and 2.9% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 51 (9.3%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 141 (25.8%) people had no formal qualifications. 66 people (12.1%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 252 (46.2%) people were employed full-time, 84 (15.4%) were part-time, and 21 (3.8%) were unemployed.
Kaiwaka statistical area
Kaiwaka statistical area covers
and had an estimated population of as of with a population density of people per km
2.
Kaiwaka statistical area had a population of 2,139 at the
2018 New Zealand census
Eighteen or 18 may refer to:
* 18 (number), the natural number following 17 and preceding 19
* one of the years 18 BC, AD 18, 1918, 2018
Film, television and entertainment
* ''18'' (film), a 1993 Taiwanese experimental film based on the sho ...
, an increase of 540 people (33.8%) since the
2013 census, and an increase of 687 people (47.3%) since the
2006 census
6 (six) is the natural number following 5 and preceding 7. It is a composite number and the smallest perfect number.
In mathematics
Six is the smallest positive integer which is neither a square number nor a prime number; it is the second small ...
. There were 747 households, comprising 1,080 males and 1,056 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.02 males per female. The median age was 42.6 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 450 people (21.0%) aged under 15 years, 327 (15.3%) aged 15 to 29, 996 (46.6%) aged 30 to 64, and 363 (17.0%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 79.0% European/Pākehā, 26.2% Māori, 3.5% Pacific peoples, 3.5% Asian, and 2.7% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 18.2, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 58.3% had no religion, 24.7% were Christian, 5.6% had
Māori religious beliefs, 0.8% were Hindu, 0.1% were Muslim, 0.8% were Buddhist and 2.1% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 237 (14.0%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 375 (22.2%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $26,200, compared with $31,800 nationally. 183 people (10.8%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 786 (46.5%) people were employed full-time, 294 (17.4%) were part-time, and 48 (2.8%) were unemployed.
Notable people
*
Mary Jane Mander, journalist and novelist, attended school in Kaiwaka.
*
Tapihana Paraire Paikea, Member of Parliament for
Northern Maori
Northern Maori was one of New Zealand, New Zealand's four original parliamentary Māori electorates established in 1868, along with Eastern Maori, Western Maori and Southern Maori. In 1996 New Zealand general election, 1996, with the MMP in New Ze ...
, died at Kaiwaka.
*
Peter Panyoczki, visual artist, is a resident of Kaiwaka.
Education
Kaiwaka School is a coeducational contributing primary (years 1-6) school with a roll of students as of
The school opened in September, 1871, and the school celebrated its centennial in 1970.
Geographic features
Kaiwaka River
The Kaiwaka River is a prominent feature that begins near Kaiwaka township and flows West, where it joins the Wairau River to form the Otamatea River, which drains into the Kaipara Harbour.
Pukekaroro Scenic Reserve
Pukekaroro is a distinctive 1.5 km diameter, forest-covered Volcanic dome of dacite dated at 17 million years old rising to 301m 3.5 km north of Kaiwaka on State Highway 1.
The maunga (mountain) Pukekaroro is of great importance to
Te Uri o Hau. Pukekaroro was a key strategic site for Te Uri o Hau, as from the very top you are able to see the Mangawhai Heads to the east and the Kaipara Harbour entrance to the west. Traditionally Te Uri o Hau used the timber that grew on the mountain to build waka, which were renown for their seaworthiness.
During the battle known as Te Ika Ranganui in 1825, Karoro, a rangatira who had a pa site at the very top of the mountain retrieved many Te Uri o Hau dead and wounded from the surrounding area and carried them up to the pa so they would not be found by the enemy. Pukekaroro is of special spiritual significance to Te Uri o Hau because of the many Wahi Tapu (sacred area) sites on the mountain. The mountain has been tapu (sacred) since that battle and remains so today.
[ ]
See also
*
Te Whareumu#Te Ika-a-ranga-nui
Notes
External links
Kaiwaka websiteKaiwaka Sports Association website{{Kaipara District
Kaipara District
Populated places in the Northland Region