Kawahíva (Kawahíb, Kagwahib) is a
Tupi–Guarani dialect cluster
A dialect continuum or dialect chain is a series of language varieties spoken across some geographical area such that neighboring varieties are mutually intelligible, but the differences accumulate over distance so that widely separated varie ...
of
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
. The major variety is Tenharim.
The
Tenharim
The Tenharim are an indigenous people of Brazil, living in the state of Amazonas.
Name
Their self-denomination is Kagwahiva. They are also known as the Parintintín or Parintintin people.Parintintín
The Parintintin are an indigenous people who live in Brazil in the Madeira River basin. They refer to themselves as Cabahyba, Kagwahiva’nga, or Kagwahiva, which means "our people."
As of 2010, the Parintintin have a population of around 418 and ...
, Jiahúi,
,
Karipúna (not to be confused with neither the Panoan group, nor the Carib-based creole spoken in the state of Amapá, which all have the same name),
(self-designation, Jupaú),
Júma, Piripkúra, and Capivarí all call themselves ''Kawahíva''. Their speech is mutually intelligible, and also similar with other languages now extinct. The closest Tupí-Guaraní language seems to be
Apiaká, spoken in Mato Grosso.
Varieties
There are different internal classifications of the pan-Kawahíwa, which differ in, e.g., whether Kayabí and Apiaká should be included as part of the dialectal cluster. The one listed in Aguilar (2013, 2018) follows:
*Northern Kawahíwa
**
**
**
**
*Southern Kawahíwa
**Jupaú ()
**
**
**
Apiaká
**
Kayabí
The Kayabí or Kaiabi are an indigenous people of Brazil inhabiting the northern state of Mato Grosso. They primarily live in the Xingu Indigenous Park and the Indian Reservation of Apiaká-Kayabi south of Pará. There are approximately 1300 ...
(Kawaiwete)
**
**isolated groups
Languages spoken in north-central
Rondônia
Rondônia () is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the northern subdivision of the country (central-western part). To the west is a short border with the state of Acre, to the north is the state of Amazonas, in the east is Mato Grosso, ...
are Karipúna, Uru-eu-wau-wau (Jupaú), Amondawa, and unidentified varieties by some isolated groups. Languages spoken in northeastern
Mato Grosso
Mato Grosso ( – lit. "Thick Bush") is one of the states of Brazil, the third largest by area, located in the Central-West region. The state has 1.66% of the Brazilian population and is responsible for 1.9% of the Brazilian GDP.
Neighboring ...
and southern
Pará
Pará is a Federative units of Brazil, state of Brazil, located in northern Brazil and traversed by the lower Amazon River. It borders the Brazilian states of Amapá, Maranhão, Tocantins (state), Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Amazonas (Brazilian state) ...
are Apiaká, Kayabí, Piripkúra, and unidentified varieties by some isolated groups.
Phonology
Tenharim dialect
Phonemic inventory of the Tenharim dialect:
Júma dialect
Phonemic inventory of the Júma dialect:
References
External links
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*
{{Tupian languages
Tupi–Guarani languages
Languages of Brazil
Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area