Jean-Jacques Lebel - Beat Generation, 2013

Jean-Jacques Lebel (born in Paris on June 30, 1936) is a French artist. His father was also a poet, translator, poetry publisher, political activist, art collector, and art historian. Besides his heterogeneous artworks and poetry, Lebel is also known for his very early work with

Happening A happening is a performance, event, or situation art, usually as performance art. The term was first used by Allan Kaprow during the 1950s to describe a range of art-related events. History Origins Allan Kaprow first coined the term "happen ...

s, as an

art theory Aesthetics, or esthetics, is a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of beauty and taste (sociology), taste, as well as the philosophy of art (its own area of philosophy that comes out of aesthetics). It examines aesthetic values, ...

writer with close ties to the American scene, and as an art

curator A curator (from la, cura, meaning "to take care") is a manager or overseer. When working with cultural organizations, a curator is typically a "collections curator" or an "exhibitions curator", and has multifaceted tasks dependent on the parti ...

. He is the son of Robert Lebel art critic and close friend of

Marcel Duchamp Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (, , ; 28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French painter, sculptor, chess player, and writer whose work is associated with Cubism, Dada, and conceptual art. Duchamp is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso ...

Life and work

Lebel had his first exhibition in 1955 at Galleria Numero in

Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico an ...

, Italy. After a brief period of time with

Surrealist Surrealism is a cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists depicted unnerving, illogical scenes and developed techniques to allow the unconscious mind to express itself. Its aim was, according to l ...

s, Lebel exhibited in

Milan Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city h ...

and

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

, and then went on to exhibit at various museums and galleries around the world. He has regularly collaborated with artist and writer Arnaud Labelle-Rojoux. Beginning in 1955, Lebel published a poetry journal called ''Front Unique'' and organized various nomadic poetry festivals, such as ''La Libre Expression'' (''Free Expression'') in 1964 and ''Polyphonix'' in 1979. In the 1960s, Lebel translated into French and published various work by

William S. Burroughs William Seward Burroughs II (; February 5, 1914 – August 2, 1997) was an American writer and visual artist, widely considered a primary figure of the Beat Generation and a major postmodern author who influenced popular cultur ...

Allen Ginsberg Irwin Allen Ginsberg (; June 3, 1926 – April 5, 1997) was an American poet and writer. As a student at Columbia University in the 1940s, he began friendships with William S. Burroughs and Jack Kerouac, forming the core of the Beat Gener ...

Michael McClure Michael McClure (October 20, 1932 – May 4, 2020) was an American poet, playwright, songwriter, and novelist. After moving to San Francisco as a young man, he found fame as one of the five poets (including Allen Ginsberg) who read at the famous ...

Lawrence Ferlinghetti Lawrence Monsanto Ferlinghetti (March 24, 1919 – February 22, 2021) was an American poet, painter, social activist, and co-founder of City Lights Booksellers & Publishers. The author of poetry, translations, fiction, theatre, art criticism, an ...

and

Gregory Corso Gregory Nunzio Corso (March 26, 1930 – January 17, 2001) was an American poet and a key member of the Beat movement. He was the youngest of the inner circle of Beat Generation writers (with Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, and William S. Burrough ...

. In 1960, Lebel oversaw and partook in the first European

''L'enterrement de la Chose'' in

Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...

. For his performance there - called ''Happening Funeral Ceremony of the Anti-Process'' - Lebel invited the audience to attend a ceremony in formal dress. In a decorated room within a grand residence, a draped "cadaver" rested on a plinth which was then ritually stabbed by an "executioner" while a "service" was read consisting of extracts from the French décadent writer

Joris-Karl Huysmans Charles-Marie-Georges Huysmans (, ; 5 February 1848 – 12 May 1907) was a French novelist and art critic who published his works as Joris-Karl Huysmans (, variably abbreviated as J. K. or J.-K.). He is most famous for the novel ''À rebou ...

and le

Marquis de Sade Donatien Alphonse François, Marquis de Sade (; 2 June 1740 – 2 December 1814), was a French nobleman, revolutionary politician, philosopher and writer famous for his literary depictions of a libertine sexuality as well as numerous accusat ...

. Then pall-bearers carried the coffin out into a gondola and the "body" - which was in fact a mechanical sculpture by

Jean Tinguely Jean Tinguely (22 May 1925 – 30 August 1991) was a Swiss sculptor best known for his kinetic art sculptural machines (known officially as Métamatics) that extended the Dada tradition into the later part of the 20th century. Tinguely's art s ...

- was ceremonially slid into the canal. During the 1960s, Lebel closely followed the work of the avant-garde American theatre group

The Living Theatre The Living Theatre is an American theatre company founded in 1947 and based in New York City. It is the oldest experimental theatre group in the United States. For most of its history it was led by its founders, actress Judith Malina and painter/po ...

. He extensively interviewed the group's members and accompanied them during rehearsal, which would lead to the 1969 book ''Entretiens avec le Living Theatre.'' Lebel published the first critical essay in French on the Happening movements throughout the world, citing the 1920 ''Dada-Messe'' (First International

Dada Dada () or Dadaism was an art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20th century, with early centres in Zürich, Switzerland, at the Cabaret Voltaire (Zurich), Cabaret Voltaire (in 1916). New York Dada began c. 1915, and after 192 ...

Fair) as the key precedent of the modern happening in Europe. After this, he produced over 70 Happenings, performances and actions on numerous continents, including ''Pour conjurer l'esprit de catastrophe'' (1962), ''Déchirex'' (1965) and ''120 minutes dédiées au divin marquis'' (1966). In 1967 he staged in

Gassin Gassin () is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France. It is located very near to the holiday destination of Saint-Tropez. Perched high up on a rock, it is less than from the sea. Many Tr ...

at the ''Festival de la Libre Expression''

Pablo Picasso Pablo Ruiz Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist and Scenic design, theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France. One of the most influential artists of the 20th ce ...

's 1941 surrealist theatrical farce in six acts ''Le Désir attrapé par la queue'' (''Desire Caught by the Tail''). For it, Lebel invited

Soft Machine Soft Machine are a British rock band from Canterbury formed in mid-1966 by Mike Ratledge (keyboards, 1966–1976), Robert Wyatt (drums, vocals, 1966–1971), Kevin Ayers (bass, guitar, vocals, 1966–1968) and Daevid Allen (guitar, 1966–196 ...

to perform and later that year Lebel was arrested for promoting nudity in Knokke, Belgium for a happening he did with

Yoko Ono Yoko Ono ( ; ja, 小野洋子, Ono Yōko, usually spelled in katakana ; born February 18, 1933) is a Japanese multimedia artist, singer, songwriter, and peace activist. Her work also encompasses performance art and filmmaking. Ono grew up i ...

. In 1968, Lebel took part in the activities of '' Mouvement du 22-mars'', followed by ''Noir et Rouge'', an

anarchist Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is skeptical of all justifications for authority and seeks to abolish the institutions it claims maintain unnecessary coercion and hierarchy, typically including, though not neces ...

group, and the

Socialist Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the e ...

splinter group ''Informations et Correspondences Ouvrières.'' Lebel also followed the philosophical teachings of

Gilles Deleuze Gilles Louis René Deleuze ( , ; 18 January 1925 – 4 November 1995) was a French philosopher who, from the early 1950s until his death in 1995, wrote on philosophy, literature, film, and fine art. His most popular works were the two volu ...

at Faculty de Vincennes at

Paris 8 University Paris 8 University Vincennes-Saint-Denis (french: Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis) is a public university in Paris, France. Once part of the historic University of Paris, it is now an autonomous public institution. It is one of the th ...

. 1980 Lebel organized a ''Performance Festival'' at the ARC - Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, amongst others with Harry de Kroon, Julien Blaine, Joel Hubaut and Barbara Heinisch. With François Pain he produced the 90 minute long ''Monument à Félix Guattari, le film'' and in 1994 he installed a large assemblage entitled ''Monument à

Félix Guattari Pierre-Félix Guattari ( , ; 30 April 1930 – 29 August 1992) was a French psychoanalyst, political philosopher, semiotician, social activist, and screenwriter. He co-founded schizoanalysis with Gilles Deleuze, and ecosophy with Arne Næss, ...

'' in the Forum of the

Centre Pompidou The Centre Pompidou (), more fully the Centre national d'art et de culture Georges-Pompidou ( en, National Georges Pompidou Centre of Art and Culture), also known as the Pompidou Centre in English, is a complex building in the Beaubourg area of ...

. Since 2001 he has frequently exhibited his ''Manifestation Itinérante'' and his

digital art Digital art refers to any artistic work or practice that uses digital technology as part of the creative or presentation process, or more specifically computational art that uses and engages with digital media. Since the 1960s, various names ...

morphing Morphing is a special effect in motion pictures and animations that changes (or morphs) one image or shape into another through a seamless transition. Traditionally such a depiction would be achieved through dissolving techniques on film. Since ...

animation ''Reliquaire pour un culte de Vénus'' that is based on the concept of ''vénusté'' as put forward by

Pierre Klossowski Pierre Klossowski (; ; 9 August 1905 – 12 August 2001) was a French writer, translator and artist. He was the eldest son of the artists Erich Klossowski and Baladine Klossowska, and his younger brother was the painter Balthus. Life Born in Par ...

. In 2001, he was the guest curator at the

Montreal Museum of Fine Arts The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts (MMFA; french: Musée des beaux-arts de Montréal, MBAM) is an art museum in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is the largest art museum in Canada by gallery space. The museum is located on the historic Golden Square ...

of the

erotic Eroticism () is a quality that causes sexual feelings, as well as a philosophical contemplation concerning the aesthetics of sexual desire, sensuality, and romantic love. That quality may be found in any form of artwork, including painting, scul ...

work of

called ''Picasso Erotique'' and appeared on the

Charlie Rose Charles Peete Rose Jr. (born January 5, 1942) is an American former television journalist and talk show host. From 1991 to 2017, he was the host and executive producer of the talk show '' Charlie Rose'' on PBS and Bloomberg LP. Rose also co-an ...

show. The exhibition traveled to the

Museu Picasso The Museu Picasso (, "Picasso Museum") is an art museum in Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain. It houses an extensive collection of artworks by the twentieth-century Spanish artist Pablo Picasso, with a total of 4251 of his works. It is housed in f ...

in Barcelona and

Galerie nationale du jeu de paume Jeu de Paume ( en, Real Tennis Court) is an arts centre for modern and postmodern photography and media. It is located in the north corner (west side) of the Tuileries Gardens next to the Place de la Concorde in Paris. In 2004, Galerie Nationale ...

in Paris. A book entitled ''Picasso Erotique'' was produced by Prestel Publishing in 2001 as a result of the show. This book contains texts by Lebel, Pablo Picasso, Annie Le Brun,

Pascal Quignard Pascal Quignard (; born 23 April 1948) is a French writer born in Verneuil-sur-Avre, Eure. In 2002 his novel ''Les Ombres errantes'' won the Prix Goncourt, France's top literary prize. ''Terrasse à Rome'' (Terrasse in Rome), received the Fren ...

, Patrick Roegiers and Malen Gual. In 2009,

La Maison Rouge La Maison Rouge was a private contemporary art Foundation dedicated mainly to showing private art collections, monographic shows of contemporary artists' work. It was located close to the Bastille, in Paris, at 10 Boulevard de la Bastille in the 12 ...

in Paris presented all facets of Lebel's work (artist, exhibition curator, writer, performer, and art festival organizer) in an exhibition entitled ''Jean-Jacques Lebel, Soulvements.'' The exhibition was divided into the following themes:

Happenings A happening is a performance, event, or situation art, usually as performance art. The term was first used by Allan Kaprow during the 1950s to describe a range of art-related events. History Origins Allan Kaprow first coined the term "happen ...

Insubordination Insubordination is the act of willfully disobeying a lawful order of one's superior. It is generally a punishable offense in hierarchical organizations such as the armed forces, which depend on people lower in the chain of command obeying orders ...

Poetry Poetry (derived from the Greek ''poiesis'', "making"), also called verse, is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language − such as phonaesthetics, sound symbolism, and metre − to evoke meanings i ...

Hallucination A hallucination is a perception in the absence of an external stimulus that has the qualities of a real perception. Hallucinations are vivid, substantial, and are perceived to be located in external objective space. Hallucination is a combinatio ...

Eros In Greek mythology, Eros (, ; grc, Ἔρως, Érōs, Love, Desire) is the Greek god of love and sex. His Roman counterpart was Cupid ("desire").''Larousse Desk Reference Encyclopedia'', The Book People, Haydock, 1995, p. 215. In the earli ...

War War is an intense armed conflict between states, governments, societies, or paramilitary groups such as mercenaries, insurgents, and militias. It is generally characterized by extreme violence, destruction, and mortality, using regular o ...

and the

Rhizome In botany and dendrology, a rhizome (; , ) is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. Rhizomes are also called creeping rootstalks or just rootstalks. Rhizomes develop from axillary buds and grow hori ...

- and was illustrated with works of primitive art, works by anonymous artists and others such as

Johann Heinrich Füssli Henry Fuseli ( ; German: Johann Heinrich Füssli ; 7 February 1741 – 17 April 1825) was a Swiss painter, drawing, draughtsman and writer on art who spent much of his life in United Kingdom, Britain. Many of his works, such as ''The Nightmare ...

Giuseppe Arcimboldo Giuseppe Arcimboldo (; also spelled ''Arcimboldi'') (1526 or 1527 – 11 July 1593) was an Italian painter best known for creating imaginative portrait heads made entirely of objects such as fruits, vegetables, flowers, fish and books. These w ...

Louise Michel Louise Michel (; 29 May 1830 – 9 January 1905) was a teacher and important figure in the Paris Commune. Following her penal transportation to New Caledonia she embraced anarchism. When returning to France she emerged as an important French a ...

Charles Fourier François Marie Charles Fourier (;; 7 April 1772 – 10 October 1837) was a French philosopher, an influential early socialist thinker and one of the founders of utopian socialism. Some of Fourier's social and moral views, held to be radical in ...

Ravachol François Claudius Koenigstein, also known as Ravachol, (14 October 1859 – 11 July 1892) was a French anarchist. He was born on 14 October 1859, at Saint-Chamond, Loire and died by being guillotined on 11 July 1892, at Montbrison after being ...

Guillaume Apollinaire Guillaume Apollinaire) of the Wąż coat of arms. (; 26 August 1880 – 9 November 1918) was a French poet, playwright, short story writer, novelist, and art critic of Polish descent. Apollinaire is considered one of the foremost poets of the ...

Otto Dix Wilhelm Heinrich Otto Dix (; 2 December 1891 – 25 July 1969) was a German painter and printmaker, noted for his ruthless and harshly realistic depictions of German society during the Weimar Republic and the brutality of war. Along with Geor ...

George Grosz George Grosz (; born Georg Ehrenfried Groß; July 26, 1893 – July 6, 1959) was a German artist known especially for his caricatural drawings and paintings of Berlin life in the 1920s. He was a prominent member of the Berlin Dada and New Objec ...

André Breton André Robert Breton (; 19 February 1896 – 28 September 1966) was a French writer and poet, the co-founder, leader, and principal theorist of surrealism. His writings include the first ''Surrealist Manifesto'' (''Manifeste du surréalisme'') o ...

Francis Picabia Francis Picabia (: born Francis-Marie Martinez de Picabia; 22January 1879 – 30November 1953) was a French avant-garde painter, poet and typographist. After experimenting with Impressionism and Pointillism, Picabia became associated with Cubism ...

Antonin Artaud Antoine Marie Joseph Paul Artaud, better known as Antonin Artaud (; 4 September 1896 – 4 March 1948), was a French writer, poet, dramatist, visual artist, essayist, actor and theatre director. He is widely recognized as a major figure of the E ...

Victor Brauner Victor Brauner (, also spelled Viktor Brauner; 15 June 1903 – 12 March 1966) was a Romanian painter and sculptor of the surrealist movement. Early life He was born in Piatra Neamț, Romania, the son of a Jewish timber manufacturer who subseque ...

Bernard Heidsieck Bernard Heidsieck (November 28, 1928 – November 22, 2014) was a French sound poet, associated with various movements throughout a long career: including Beat, American Fluxus, and minimalism. Heidsieck was born in Paris. In the course of his car ...

Erró Erró (born Guðmundur Guðmundsson in 1932 in Ólafsvík, Iceland) is a visual artist and painter, who is best known for his painted pop art collages of images from comic books and advertisements.

Antonio Saura Antonio Saura Atarés (September 22, 1930 – July 22, 1998) was a Spanish artist and writer, one of the major post-war painters to emerge in Spain in the fifties whose work has marked several generations of artists and whose critical voice is ...

, and

Peter Saul Peter Saul (born August 16, 1934) is an American painter. His work has connections with Pop Art, Surrealism, and Expressionism. His early use of pop culture cartoon references in the late 1950s and very early 1960s situates him as one of the fa ...

. Some three hundred works in all. The show curator was Jean de Loisy. In 2013,

Laure Adler Laure Adler ( née Laure Clauzet; born 11 March 1950, in Caen) is a French journalist, writer, publisher and radio/TV producer. Works Biographies * 1986: ''L'Amour à l'arsenic : histoire de Marie Lafarge'', Denoël. * 1998: ''Marguerite ...

produced an extensive radio interview with Lebel called ''L'iconoclaste Jean-Jacques Lebel'' (in 5 parts) that was broadcast on

France Culture France Culture is a French public radio channel and part of Radio France. Its programming encompasses a wide variety of features on historical, philosophical, sociopolitical, and scientific themes (including debates, discussions, and documentari ...

. In 2018 he co-organized at the

Palais de Tokyo The Palais de Tokyo (''Tokyo Palace'') is a building dedicated to modern and contemporary art, located at 13 avenue du Président-Wilson, facing the Trocadéro, in the 16th arrondissement of Paris. The eastern wing of the building belongs to ...

an exhibition on the theme of evil and repair called ''L’Un et l’Autre'' (One and the Other) and also that year was honored by a solo exhibition of his early work at the

entitled ''l'outrepasseur''.
Centre Pompidou Jean-Jacques Lebel ''l'outrepasseur'' Jean-Jacques Lebel (2008)

Bibliography

*Jean-Jacques Lebel: des années cinquante aux ann ''es quatre-vingt-dix, Mazzotta, Milano, 1991, 78 p., ill., colour, b&w. *Jean-Jacques Lebel: Retour d'exil. Peintures, dessins, collages 1954–1988, Galerie 1900/2000, Paris, 1988. *Blistène, Bernard: Jean-Jacques Lebel. Una intervista. Jean-Jacques Lebel. An Interview, in: ''

FLUXUS Fluxus was an international, interdisciplinary community of artists, composers, designers and poets during the 1960s and 1970s who engaged in experimental art performances which emphasized the artistic process over the finished product. Fluxus ...

'' Flash Art, No. 84-85, 1978 October- November, 57–63. *Faye, Jean Pierre - Jean-Jacques Lebel (eds.): Polyphonix, Change, No. 42 (special issue dedicated to Polyphonix 5), 1983, 168 p., ill., b&w. *

: Jean-Jacques Lebel - Maler der Transversalität. Jean-Jacques Lebel - Painter of Transversality, in: Todoroff, Uli - Sophie Haaser (eds.): Jean-Jacques Lebel. Builder, Skulpturen, Installationen, Museum Moderner Kunst Stiftung Ludwig Wien, Wien, 1998. 35–40. *Hegyi Dóra: Jean-Jacques Lebel. Kortárs Mûvészeti Múzeum Ludwig Múzeum Budapest. 1998. április 2 - május 10, in: Jump magazin, No. 1, 1998. 36. *Hegyi Dóra (ed.): Jean-Jacques Lebel, Ludwig Kortárs Mûvészeti Múzeum-Ludwig Múzeum, Budapest, 1998. *Labelle-Rojoux, Arnaud (ed.): Entretien avec Jean-Jacques Lebel, in: Loisy, Jean de (ed.): Hors limites. L'art et la vie 1952–1994, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, 1994, 109–115. *Lebel, Jean-Jacques: D'une Biennale (1960) à l'autre (1990), in: Bonito Oliva, Achille - Gabriella. *De Mila - Claudio Cerritelli (eds.): Ubi fluxus ibi motus 1990–1962, Mazzotta, Milano, 1990, 75–79. *Lebel, Jean-Jacques: De quoi il s'agit, Édition privée réservée aux amis, 1998. *Lebel, Jean-Jacques: Déchirex, in: Tolvaly Ernô - Lengyel András (eds.): Kortárs Képzômûvészeti Szöveggyûjtemény, A & E '93 Kiadó, 1992, 84–85. *Lebel, Jean-Jacques: Ginsberg/Flash/Ginsberg. Flash/Ginsberg/Flash, Édition privée réservée aux amis, 1997. *Lebel, Jean-Jacques: Happenings d'une bastille, l'autre, in: Dreyfus, Charles (ed.): Happenings & Fluxus, Galerie 1900-2000 - Galerie du Genie - Galerie de Poche, Paris, 1989, 7-15. *Lebel, Jean-Jacques: Julien Blaine. Éloge de la multiplicité, in: Kanal Europe, No. 1, 1993, 37. *Lebel, Jean-Jacques: Le happening, Les Lettres Nouvelles, Denoël, 1966, 89 p., ill., b&w. *Lebel, Jean-Jacques: Légende, in: Bonito Oliva, Achille - Gabriella De Mila - Claudio Cerritelli (eds.): Ubi fluxus ibi motus 1990–1962, Mazzotta, Milano, 1990, 81–84. *Lebel, Jean-Jacques: Megjegyzések a politikai utcaszínházról, in: Ungvári Tamás (szerk.): A dráma mûvészek ma. Írók, rendezôk, kritikusok korunk drámájáról, Gondolat, Budapest, 1974, 468–475. *Lebel, Jean-Jacques: On the Necessity of Violation, in: Sandford, Mariellen R. (ed.): Happenings and Other Acts, Routledge, London - New York, 1995, 268–284. *Lebel, Jean-Jacques: On the Necessity of Violation. Paris Postscript, May/June 1968, in:

Kristine Stiles Kristine Stiles (born Kristine Elaine Dolan in Denver, Colorado, 1947) is the France Family Distinguished Professor of Art, Art History and Visual Studies at Duke University. She is an art historian, curator, and artist specializing in global cont ...

- Peter Selz (eds.): Theories and Documents of Contemporary Art. A Sourcebook of Artists' Writings, University of California Press, Berkeley - Los Angeles - London, 1996, 718–722. *Lebel, Jean-Jacques: Poésie directe des Happenings à Polyphonix. Entretiens avec Arnaud Labelle-Rojoux et quelques documents, Opus International Edition, Paris, 1994, 173 p., ill., b&w. *Lebel, Jean-Jacques: Poésie en action, in: Janicot, Francoise (ed.): Poésie en Action, Loques - NèPE, Issy-les-Moulineaux, 1984, 5-15. *Lebel, Jean-Jacques: Rue Rossini. Les rencontres Rossiniennes, Galleria di Franca Mancini, Pesaro, 1996, 47 p., ill., mainly colour. *Lebel, Jean-Jacques: Umsonst (Bemerkungen zu den Happenings), in: Becker, Jürgen -

Wolf Vostell Wolf Vostell (14 October 1932 – 3 April 1998) was a German painter and sculptor, considered one of the early adopters of video art and installation art and pioneer of Happenings and Fluxus. Techniques such as blurring and Dé-coll/age are ch ...

(eds.): Happenings, Fluxus, Pop Art, Nouveau Réalisme. Eine Dokumentation, Rowohlt Verlag, Hamburg, 1965, 355–357. * Lebel, Jean-Jacques: Entretiens avec le Living Theatre. Belfond, Paris, 1969. *Lebel, Jean-Jacques: Vita Nuova, in: Kanal Europe, No. 1, 1993, 36. *Lebel, Jean-Jacques - Daniel Pommerulle - Ferró - Tetsumi Kudo - Jocelyn de Noblé - Allan Zion - Claude Richard - Otto Hahn: Grundsätzliches zum Thema Happening. Für die Mitgleider des Workshops für freien Ausdruck, in: Becker, Jürgen -

(eds.): Happenings,

Fluxus Fluxus was an international, interdisciplinary community of artists, composers, designers and poets during the 1960s and 1970s who engaged in experimental art performances which emphasized the artistic process over the finished product. Fluxus ...

, Pop Art,

Nouveau Réalisme Nouveau réalisme (French: new realism) refers to an artistic movement founded in 1960 by the art critic Pierre Restany and the painter Yves Klein during the first collective exposition in the Apollinaire gallery in Milan. Pierre Restany wrot ...

. Eine Dokumentation, Rowohlt Verlag, Hamburg, 1965, 357–360. *Lebel, Jean-Jacques (ed.): Polyphonix 3. Festival International de Poesie Directe, American Center, Paris, 1981, 28 p., ill., b&w. *Lebel, Jean-Jacques (ed.): Polyphonix 4. Festival International de Poesie Directe, Musique, Performance, Vidéo, American Center, Paris, 1982, 43 p., ill., b&w. *Mahon, Alyce: Jean-Jacques Lebel és

: a jólnevelt viselkedés megszegése. Outrages aux bonnes moeurs: Jean-Jacques Lebel and the

, in: Hegyi Dóra (ed.): Jean- Jacques Lebel, Ludwig Kortárs Mûvészeti Múzeum-Ludwig Múzeum, Budapest, 1998, 18–45. *Mahon, Alyce: Verstoss gegen die Guten Sitten: Jean-Jacques Lebel und der

. Outrages aux bonnes moeurs: Jean-Jacques Lebel and the Marquis de Sade, in: Todoroff, Uli - Sophie Haaser (eds.): Jean-Jacques Lebel. Builder, Skulpturen, Installationen, Museum Moderner Kunst Stiftung Ludwig, Wien, 1998, 71-112. *Mahon, Alyce, Jean-Jacques Lebel: Anti-Sculpture and Anti-Psychiatry, in: Sculpture and Psychoanalysis, B. Taylor (ed.), Aldershot: Ashgate/

Henry Moore Henry Spencer Moore (30 July 1898 – 31 August 1986) was an English artist. He is best known for his semi- abstract monumental bronze sculptures which are located around the world as public works of art. As well as sculpture, Moore produced ...

New Studies in Sculpture, 2006, pp. 117–137 *Martel, Richard - Françoise Dugré: Art action - entrevues.

Pierre Restany Pierre Restany (24 June 1930 – 29 May 2003), was an internationally known French art critic and cultural philosopher. Restany was born in Amélie-les-Bains-Palalda, Pyrénées-Orientales, and spent his childhood in Casablanca. On returning ...

. Jean-Jacques Lebel.

Dick Higgins Dick Higgins (15 March 1938 – 25 October 1998) was an American artist, composer, art theorist, poet, publisher, printmaker, and a co-founder of the Fluxus international artistic movement (and community). Inspired by John Cage, Higgins was a ...

. Charles Dreyfus. Esther Ferrer. Julien Blaine. Jacques Donguy. Danièle Roussel. Bruce Barber. Felipe Ehrenberg. Bartolomé Ferrando. Giovanni Fontana. Simon Herbert. Elisabeth Jappe. Arnaud Labelle-Rojoux.

Charlemagne Palestine Chaim Moshe Tzadik Palestine (born 1947), known professionally as Charlemagne Palestine, is an American visual artist and musician. He has been described as being one of the founders of New York school of minimalist music, first initiated by La ...

. Slavka Sverakova. Martha Wilson. Laszlo Beke. Veronica Diesen. Lukasz Guzek, in: rt Action / Dick HigginsInter Art Actuel, No. 73, 1999 Spring-Summer, 8-29. *

Catherine Millet Catherine Millet (; born 1 April 1948 in Bois-Colombes, Hauts-de-Seine) is a French writer, art critic, curator, and founder and editor of the magazine '' Art Press'', which focuses on modern art and contemporary art. Biography Born in Bois-Col ...

: Jean-Jacques Lebel, az örök lázadó. Jean-Jacques Lebel Permanent Rebel, in: Hegyi Dóra (ed.): Jean-Jacques Lebel, Kortárs Mûvészeti Múzeum-Ludwig Múzeum, Budapest, 1998, 5-17. *

: "'Beautiful, Jean-Jacques': Jean-Jacques Lebel's Affect and the Theories of

and

", (Milano: Edizioni Gabriele Mazzotta, 1998): 7-30. *Stiles, Kristine: "La Crise de l'avant-garde," and an "Interview with Jean-Jacques Lebel," + - 0 russels34 (October, 1981): 32–33, 35–36. *Stiles, Kristine: "Jean-Jacques Lebel’s Phoenix and Ashes," in Jean-Jacques Lebel (London: Mayor Gallery, 2003): 3-15. *Todoroff, Uli - Sophie Haaser (eds.): Jean-Jacques Lebel. Builder, Skulpturen, Installationen, Museum Moderner Kunst Stiftung Ludwig Wien, Wien, 1998.

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Jean Jacques Lebel: P.o.e.m.e.T.r.o.u.v.é (n. 2)
*

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lebel, Jean-Jacques 1936 births Living people French art critics Postmodern theory French art curators 20th-century French painters 20th-century French male artists French male painters 21st-century French painters 21st-century French male artists Postmodern artists French conceptual artists New media artists French installation artists French contemporary artists Mass media theorists Cultural historians French male writers Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres

Life and work

Bibliography

See also

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