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''Juncus inflexus'', the hard rush, is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''
Juncus ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfic ...
'', native to Europe, Asia and Africa, and introduced in Sri Lanka, Java,
Île Amsterdam Île Amsterdam (), also known as Amsterdam Island and New Amsterdam (''Nouvelle-Amsterdam''), is an island of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands in the southern Indian Ocean that together with neighbouring Île Saint-Paul to the south f ...
and
Île Saint-Paul Île Saint-Paul (Saint Paul Island) is an island forming part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands (''Terres australes et antarctiques françaises'', TAAF) in the Indian Ocean, with an area of . The island is located about south of the la ...
, Victoria in Australia, New Zealand, Uruguay, and eastern North America. It is a
glycophyte A halophyte is a salt-tolerant plant that grows in soil or waters of high salinity, coming into contact with saline water through its roots or by salt spray, such as in saline semi-deserts, mangrove swamps, marshes and sloughs and seashores. T ...
.


Description

''J. inflexus'' is a rhizomatous tufted perennial usually growing 0.5 – 1m tall. The rigid glaucous stems are thin and wiry, measuring 1 – 2.5 mm in diameter. They are lined with 15 – 20 distinct vertical ridges and filled with interrupted spongy pith. Stomata are arranged along the stem in 5 – 10 rows.Poland J, Clement EJ. 2020. ''The Vegetative Key to the British Flora''. John Poland, Southampton. The basal sheaths are a shiny reddish black. It blooms from late spring until midsummer, producing loose clusters of very small reddish-brown flowers at the top of some stems. These later ripen into brown short-beaked seed capsules.


Habitat and ecology

Generally common in England and Wales, but rarer in Scotland. It grows in open wet places such as springs, marshes, wet pastures, and damp meadows as well as by rivers, ponds, and lakes. It prefers heavy base-rich or neutral soils consolidated by trampling.Richards PW, Clapham AR. 1941. ''Juncus inflexus'' L. (Juncus Glaucus Ehrh.). ''Journal of Ecology'' 29(2): 369-374. Appears to be tolerant of annual mowing and light to moderate grazing. It is unpalatable to cattle and eaten by rabbits probably only when grazing pressure is high.


Subtaxa

The following subspecies are currently accepted: *''Juncus inflexus'' subsp. ''brachytepalus'' (Trautv. ex V.I.Krecz. & Gontsch.) Novikov *''Juncus inflexus'' subsp. ''inflexus''


References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q161332 inflexus Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Plants described in 1753