![Gaius Iulius Caesar (Vatican Museum)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Gaius_Iulius_Caesar_%28Vatican_Museum%29.jpg)
The gens Julia (''gēns Iūlia'', ) was one of the most prominent
patrician
Patrician may refer to:
* Patrician (ancient Rome), the original aristocratic families of ancient Rome, and a synonym for "aristocratic" in modern English usage
* Patrician (post-Roman Europe), the governing elites of cities in parts of medieval ...
families in
ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome refers to Roman civilisation from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC ...
. Members of the
gens attained the highest dignities of the state in the earliest times of the
Republic. The first of the family to obtain the
consulship
A consul held the highest elected political office of the Roman Republic ( to 27 BC), and ancient Romans considered the consulship the second-highest level of the ''cursus honorum'' (an ascending sequence of public offices to which politic ...
was
Gaius Julius Iulus in 489 BC. The gens is perhaps best known, however, for
Gaius Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar (; ; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and ...
, the
dictator
A dictator is a political leader who possesses absolute power. A dictatorship is a state ruled by one dictator or by a small clique. The word originated as the title of a Roman dictator elected by the Roman Senate to rule the republic in tim ...
and grand uncle of the emperor
Augustus
Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor; he reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is known for being the founder of the Roman Pr ...
, through whom the name was passed to the so-called
Julio-Claudian dynasty of the first century AD. The Julius became very common in
imperial times, as the descendants of persons enrolled as
citizens under the early emperors began to make their mark in history.
[''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. II, pp. 642, 643.]
Origin
![Augustus Lugdunum principes iuventutis 671253](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Augustus_Lugdunum_principes_iuventutis_671253.jpg)
The Julii were of
Alban origin, mentioned as one of the leading Alban houses, which
Tullus Hostilius
Tullus Hostilius (r. 672–640 BC) was the legendary third king of Rome. He succeeded Numa Pompilius and was succeeded by Ancus Marcius. Unlike his predecessor, Tullus was known as a warlike king who according to the Roman Historian Livy, bel ...
removed to Rome upon the destruction of
Alba Longa. The Julii also existed at an early period at
Bovillae
Bovillae was an ancient Latin town in Lazio, central Italy, currently part of Frattocchie ''frazione'' in the municipality of Marino.
Overview
Bovillae was a station on the Via Appia (which in 293 BC was already paved up to this point), located ...
, evidenced by a very ancient inscription on an altar in the theatre of that town, which speaks of their offering sacrifices according to the ''lege Albana'', or Alban rites. Their connection with Bovillae is also implied by the , or chapel, which the emperor
Tiberius
Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus (; 16 November 42 BC – 16 March AD 37) was the second Roman emperor. He reigned from AD 14 until 37, succeeding his stepfather, the first Roman emperor Augustus. Tiberius was born in Rome in 42 BC. His father ...
dedicated to the ''gens Julia'' in the town, and in which he placed the statue of Augustus. Some of the Julii may have settled at Bovillae after the fall of Alba Longa.
As it became the fashion in the later times of the Republic to claim a divine origin for the most distinguished of the Roman gentes, it was contended that Iulus, the mythical ancestor of the race, was the same as
Ascanius, the son of
Aeneas
In Greco-Roman mythology, Aeneas (, ; from ) was a Trojan hero, the son of the Trojan prince Anchises and the Greek goddess Aphrodite (equivalent to the Roman Venus). His father was a first cousin of King Priam of Troy (both being grandsons ...
, and founder of
Alba Longa. Aeneas was, in turn, the son of
Venus
Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is sometimes called Earth's "sister" or "twin" planet as it is almost as large and has a similar composition. As an interior planet to Earth, Venus (like Mercury) appears in Earth's sky never f ...
and
Anchises. In order to prove the identity of Ascanius and Iulus, recourse was had to etymology, some specimens of which the reader curious in such matters will find in
Servius Servius is the name of:
* Servius (praenomen), the personal name
* Maurus Servius Honoratus, a late fourth-century and early fifth-century grammarian
* Servius Tullius, the Roman king
* Servius Sulpicius Rufus, the 1st century BC Roman jurist
See ...
. Other traditions held that Iulus was the son of Aeneas by his Trojan wife,
Creusa, while Ascanius was the son of Aeneas and
Lavinia, daughter of
Latinus.
The dictator Caesar frequently alluded to the divine origin of his race, as, for instance, in the funeral oration which he pronounced when
quaestor over his aunt
Julia
Julia is usually a feminine given name. It is a Latinate feminine form of the name Julio and Julius. (For further details on etymology, see the Wiktionary entry "Julius".) The given name ''Julia'' had been in use throughout Late Antiquity (e.g ...
, and in giving ''Venus Genetrix'' as the word to his soldiers at the battles of
Pharsalus
''Pharsalus''Melichar L (1906) ''Monographie der Issiden. (Homoptera). Abhandlungen der K. K. Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien.'' Wien 3: 1-327 21 is the type genus of planthoppers in the subfamily Pharsalinae (family Ricaniidae); it ...
and
Munda; and subsequent writers and poets were ready enough to fall in with a belief which flattered the pride and exalted the origin of the imperial family.
Though it would seem that the Julii first came to Rome in the reign of Tullus Hostilius, the name occurs in Roman legend as early as the time of
Romulus. It was Proculus Julius who was said to have informed the sorrowing Roman people, after the strange departure of Romulus from the world, that their king had descended from heaven and appeared to him, bidding him tell the people to honor him in future as a god, under the name of
Quirinus
In Roman mythology and religion, Quirinus ( , ) is an early god of the Roman state. In Augustan Rome, ''Quirinus'' was also an epithet of Janus, as ''Janus Quirinus''.
Name
Attestations
The name of god Quirinus is recorded across Roman sou ...
. Some modern critics have inferred from this, that a few of the Julii might have settled in Rome in the reign of the first king; but considering the entirely fabulous nature of the tale, and the circumstance that the celebrity of the Julia gens in later times would easily lead to its connection with the earliest times of Roman story, no historical argument can be drawn from the mere name occurring in this legend.
[Livy, i. 16.][Ovid, ii. 499 ''ff.'']
In the later Empire, the distinction between praenomen, nomen, and cognomen was gradually lost, and ''Julius'' was treated much like a personal name, which it ultimately became. The Latin form is common in many languages, but other familiar forms exist, including ''
Giulio Giulio () is an Italian given name. Notable people with the name include:
* Giulio Alberoni (1664–1752), Italian cardinal and statesman
* Giulio Alenio (1582–1649), Italian Jesuit missionary and scholar
* Giulio Alfieri (1924–2002), Italian ...
'' (Italian), ''
Julio Julio is the Spanish equivalent of the month July and may refer to:
*Julio (given name)
*Julio (surname)
*Júlio de Castilhos, a municipality of the western part of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
* ''Julio'' (album), a 1983 compilation albu ...
'' (Spanish), ''
Jules
Jules is the French form of the Latin "Julius" (e.g. Jules César, the French name for Julius Caesar). It is the given name of:
People with the name
* Jules Aarons (1921–2008), American space physicist and photographer
*Jules Abadie (1876–19 ...
'' (French), ''Júlio'' (Portuguese), ''
Iuliu Iuliu is a Romanian
Romanian may refer to:
*anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Romania
** Romanians, an ethnic group
**Romanian language, a Romance language
***Romanian dialects, variants of the Romanian language
**Romanian ...
'' (Romanian) and ''Юлий'' (''Yuliy'', Bulgarian and Russian).
Praenomina
The Julii of the Republic used the
praenomina
The ''praenomen'' (; plural: ''praenomina'') was a personal name chosen by the parents of a Roman child. It was first bestowed on the ''dies lustricus'' (day of lustration), the eighth day after the birth of a girl, or the ninth day after the birt ...
''
Lucius
Lucius ( el, Λούκιος ''Loukios''; ett, Luvcie) is a male given name derived from '' Lucius'' (abbreviated ''L.''), one of the small group of common Latin forenames ('' praenomina'') found in the culture of ancient Rome. Lucius derives from ...
,
Gaius
Gaius, sometimes spelled ''Gajus'', Kaius, Cajus, Caius, was a common Latin praenomen; see Gaius (praenomen).
People
* Gaius (jurist) (), Roman jurist
*Gaius Acilius
*Gaius Antonius
*Gaius Antonius Hybrida
*Gaius Asinius Gallus
*Gaius Asinius P ...
, and
Sextus''. There are also instances of ''
Vopiscus'' and ''
Spurius'' in the early generations of the family. The earliest of the Julii appearing in legend bore the praenomen ''
Proculus
Proculus (died c. 281) was a Roman usurper, one of the "minor pretenders" according to ''Historia Augusta'', who would have taken the purple against Emperor Probus in 280. This is now disputed.
Probably Proculus had family connection with the Fr ...
'', and it is possible that this name was used by some of the early Julii, although no later examples are known. In the later Republic and imperial times, ''Vopiscus'' and ''Proculus'' were generally used as personal cognomina.
The gens was always said to have descended from and been named after a mythical personage named ''Iulus'' or ''Iullus'', even before he was asserted to be the son of Aeneas; and it is entirely possible that ''Iulus'' was an ancient praenomen, which had fallen out of use by the early Republic, and was preserved as a cognomen by the eldest branch of the Julii. The name was later revived as a praenomen by
Marcus Antonius, the triumvir, who had
a son named ''Iulus''. Classical Latin did not distinguish between the letters "I" and "J", which were both written with "I", and for this reason the name is sometimes written ''Julus'', just as ''Julius'' is also written ''Iulius''.
The many Julii of imperial times, who were not descended from the gens Julia, did not limit themselves to the praenomina of that family. The imperial family set the example by freely mingling the praenomina of the Julii with those of the
gens Claudia
The gens Claudia (), sometimes written Clodia, was one of the most prominent patrician houses at ancient Rome. The gens traced its origin to the earliest days of the Roman Republic. The first of the Claudii to obtain the consulship was Appius ...
, using titles and cognomina as praenomina, and regularly changing their praenomina to reflect the political winds of the empire.
Branches and cognomina
![B](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/B._PINELLI%2C_Enea_e_il_Tevere.jpg)
The family-names of the Julii in the time of the Republic are ''Caesar'', ''Iulus'', ''Mento'', and ''Libo'', of which the first three are undoubtedly patrician; but the only families which were particularly celebrated were those of ''Iulus'' and ''Caesar'', the former at the beginning and the latter in the last century of the Republic. On coins the only names found are ''Caesar'' and ''Bursio'', the latter of which does not occur in ancient writers.
Due to the activity of Julius Caesar in Gaul over many years, a number of natives of the Gallic provinces adopted ''Julius'' as their gentilicum, and have no other connection to the Republican Julii. Examples of their descendants include
Julius Florus, and
Gaius Julius Civilis
Gaius Julius Civilis was the leader of the Batavian rebellion against the Romans in 69 AD. His nomen shows that he (or one of his male ancestors) was made a Roman citizen (and thus, the tribe a Roman vassal) by either Augustus or Caligula.
Earl ...
. Other Julii are descended from the numerous
freedmen
A freedman or freedwoman is a formerly enslaved person who has been released from slavery, usually by legal means. Historically, enslaved people were freed by manumission (granted freedom by their captor-owners), emancipation (granted freedom a ...
, and it may have been assumed by some out of vanity and ostentation.
Iullus
''Iullus'', also written as ''Iulus'' and ''Jullus'', was the surname of the eldest branch of the Julii to appear in Roman history. The gens claimed descent from Iulus, who was in some manner connected with Aeneas, although the traditions differed with respect to the details.
[''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. II, p. 656.]
In some accounts, Iulus was the son of Aeneas and Creüsa, who came to Latium from the ruins of
Troy
Troy ( el, Τροία and Latin: Troia, Hittite: 𒋫𒊒𒄿𒊭 ''Truwiša'') or Ilion ( el, Ίλιον and Latin: Ilium, Hittite: 𒃾𒇻𒊭 ''Wiluša'') was an ancient city located at Hisarlik in present-day Turkey, south-west of Ç ...
, together with his father and others seeking a land in which to settle. In others, Ascanius was the son of Creüsa, while Iulus was the son of Lavinia, daughter of Latinus, the king of Latium with whom Aeneas made peace after landing in Italy. In still different accounts, Iulus was the son not of Aeneas, but of Ascanius.
Perhaps an indigenous origin of the name is suggested by the ''
De Origo Gentis Romanae'' of Aurelius Victor, in which Iulus and Ascanius are identical. Described as the son of Jupiter, he was originally known as ''Jobus'', and then ''Julus''. This calls to mind the use of ''Jove'' for
Jupiter
Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System. It is a gas giant with a mass more than two and a half times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined, but slightly less than one-thousandth t ...
, and the ''
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
The ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'' (1849, originally published 1844 under a slightly different title) is an encyclopedia/biographical dictionary. Edited by William Smith, the dictionary spans three volumes and 3,700 ...
'' suggests that ''Iulus'' might be a diminutive of ''Dius'', which is also the root of ''Jupiter''.
Furthermore, Livy reports that after his death Aeneas was worshiped as ''Jupiter Indiges'', "the local Jove". This suggests the early fusion of the Aeneas story with a local cult hero, said to have been the son of Jupiter.
Irrespective of the historicity of the Iulus of Roman myth, there is little reason to doubt that ''Iullus'' was an ancient personal name, perhaps even a praenomen, and that ''Julius'' is a patronymic surname built upon it. ''Iullus'' seems to be the original and better attested spelling, although the trisyllabic form ''Iulus'' became common after
Vergil
Publius Vergilius Maro (; traditional dates 15 October 7021 September 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil ( ) in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He composed three of the most famous poems in Latin literature: t ...
introduced it in his ''
Aeneid
The ''Aeneid'' ( ; la, Aenē̆is or ) is a Latin epic poem, written by Virgil between 29 and 19 BC, that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who fled the fall of Troy and travelled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of th ...
''.
Libo
During the century and a half between the last records of the Julii Iuli and the first appearance of the Julii Caesares, we encounter a
Lucius Julius Libo
Lucius Julius Libo ( 267–266 BC) was a Roman senator and military commander. He was consul in 267 BC, together with Marcus Atilius Regulus. During their term of office, the two men carried on a successful war against the Sallentini, a Messapia ...
, consul in BC 267. His surname Chase translates as "sprinkler", deriving it from ''libare'', and suggests that it might originally have signified the libation pourer at religious ceremonies. It is not certain whether the name was personal, or whether the consul inherited it from his father and grandfather, of whom all we know is that they were named Lucius. Some scholars have supposed that Libo was descended from the Julii Iuli, and that Lucius, the father of Sextus Julius Caesar, was his son; but the evidence is very slight.
Caesar
The ''
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
The ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'' (1849, originally published 1844 under a slightly different title) is an encyclopedia/biographical dictionary. Edited by William Smith, the dictionary spans three volumes and 3,700 ...
'' says this of the
cognomen
A ''cognomen'' (; plural ''cognomina''; from ''con-'' "together with" and ''(g)nomen'' "name") was the third name of a citizen of ancient Rome, under Roman naming conventions. Initially, it was a nickname, but lost that purpose when it became here ...
''Caesar'':
It is uncertain which member of the Julia gens first obtained the surname of ''Caesar'', but the first who occurs in history is Sextus Julius Caesar, praetor
Praetor ( , ), also pretor, was the title granted by the government of Ancient Rome to a man acting in one of two official capacities: (i) the commander of an army, and (ii) as an elected '' magistratus'' (magistrate), assigned to discharge vari ...
in BC 208. The origin of the name is equally uncertain. Spartianus, in his life of Aelius Verus, mentions four different opinions respecting its origin:
#That the word signified an elephant in the language of the Moors
The term Moor, derived from the ancient Mauri, is an exonym first used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily and Malta during the Middle Ages.
Moors are not a distinct or ...
, and was given as a surname to one of the Julii because he had killed an elephant.
#That it was given to one of the Julii because he had been cut (''caesus'') out of his mother's womb after her death; or
#Because he had been born with a great quantity of hair (''caesaries'') on his head; or
#Because he had azure-colored (''caesii'') eyes of an almost supernatural kind.
Of these opinions, the third, which is also given by Festus
Festus may refer to:
People Ancient world
*Porcius Festus, Roman governor of Judea from approximately 58 to 62 AD
*Sextus Pompeius Festus (later 2nd century), Roman grammarian
*Festus (died 305), martyr along with Proculus of Pozzuoli
*Festus (h ...
, seems to come nearest the truth. ''Caesar'' and ''caesaries'' are both probably connected with the Sanskrit ''kêsa'', "hair", and it is quite in accordance with the Roman custom for a surname to be given to an individual from some peculiarity in his personal appearance. The second opinion, which seems to have been the most popular one with the ancient writers, arose without doubt from a false etymology
A false etymology (fake etymology, popular etymology, etymythology, pseudo-etymology, or par(a)etymology) is a popular but false belief about the origin or derivation of a specific word. It is sometimes called a folk etymology, but this is also a ...
. With respect to the first, which was the one adopted, says Spartianus, by the most learned men, it is impossible to disprove it absolutely, as we know next to nothing of the ancient Moorish language; but it has no inherent probability in it; and the statement of Servius Servius is the name of:
* Servius (praenomen), the personal name
* Maurus Servius Honoratus, a late fourth-century and early fifth-century grammarian
* Servius Tullius, the Roman king
* Servius Sulpicius Rufus, the 1st century BC Roman jurist
See ...
is undoubtedly false, that the grandfather of the dictator obtained the surname on account of killing an elephant with his own hand in Africa, as there were several of the Julii with this name before his time.
An inquiry into the etymology of this name is of some interest, as no other name has ever obtained such celebrity — ''"clarum et duraturum cum aeternitate mundi nomen."'' It was assumed by Augustus as the adopted son of the dictator, and was by Augustus handed down to his adopted son Tiberius
Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus (; 16 November 42 BC – 16 March AD 37) was the second Roman emperor. He reigned from AD 14 until 37, succeeding his stepfather, the first Roman emperor Augustus. Tiberius was born in Rome in 42 BC. His father ...
. It continued to be used by Caligula, Claudius, and Nero
Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( ; born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68), was the fifth Roman emperor and final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, reigning from AD 54 unti ...
, as members either by adoption or female descent of Caesar's family; but though the family became extinct with Nero, succeeding emperors still retained it as part of their titles, and it was the practice to prefix it to their own name, as for instance, ''Imperator Caesar Domitianus Augustus''. When Hadrian adopted Aelius Verus, he allowed the latter to take the title of ''Caesar''; and from this time, though the title of ''Augustus'' continued to be confined to the reigning prince, that of ''Caesar'' was also granted to the second person in the state and the heir presumptive to the throne.[''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. I, p. 536.]
Members
![Siege-alesia-vercingetorix-jules-cesar](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Siege-alesia-vercingetorix-jules-cesar.jpg)
*
Proculus Julius
Proculus Julius is a figure in the legendary history of the Roman Kingdom. His reported visitation by King Romulus, Rome's putative founder and first ruler, shortly after the king's disappearance convinces the people of Rome to accept Romulus' ...
, a legendary figure who announced the apotheosis of
Romulus to the Roman people, ''circa'' 716 BC.
Julii Iulli
* Lucius Julius, father of the consul of 489 BC
*
Gaius Julius L. f. Iullus, consul in 489 BC.
*
Gaius Julius C. f. L. n. Iullus, consul in 482 BC, and one of the
decemvirs
The decemviri or decemvirs (Latin for "ten men") were some of the several 10-man commissions established by the Roman Republic.
The most important were those of the two Decemvirates, formally the " decemvirate with consular power for writing ...
in 451.
*
Vopiscus Julius C. f. L. n. Iullus, consul in 473 BC.
['']Fasti Capitolini
The ''Fasti Capitolini'', or Capitoline Fasti, are a list of the chief magistrates of the Roman Republic, extending from the early fifth century BC down to the reign of Augustus, the first Roman emperor. Together with similar lists found at Rom ...
'',
*
Gaius Julius C. f. C. n. Iullus, consul in 447 and 435 BC.
* Spurius Julius Vop. f. C. n. Iullus, father of the consular tribunes of 408, 405, and 403 BC, according to the Capitoline Fasti.
*
Lucius Julius Vop. f. C. n. Iullus,
consular tribune in 438, and consul in 430 BC.
*
Sextus Julius Iulus
Sextus Julius Iulus was a Tribuni militum consulari potestate, consular tribune of the Roman Republic in 424 BC.
Julius belonged to the Patrician (ancient Rome), patrician Julia gens and the branch known as the Julii Iuli, one of the early republ ...
, consular tribune in 424 BC.
*
Gaius Julius Sp. f. Vop. n. Iullus, consular tribune in 408 and 405 BC, and censor in 393.
*
Lucius Julius Sp. f. Vop. n. Iullus, consular tribune in 403 BC, continued the siege against
Veii
Veii (also Veius; it, Veio) was an important ancient Etruscan city situated on the southern limits of Etruria and north-northwest of Rome, Italy. It now lies in Isola Farnese, in the comune of Rome. Many other sites associated with and in the ...
.
*
Lucius Julius L. f. Vop. n. Iullus, consular tribune in 401 and 397 BC.
*
Lucius Julius Iullus, consular tribune in 388 and 379 BC.
*
Gaius Julius Iullus, nominated
dictator
A dictator is a political leader who possesses absolute power. A dictatorship is a state ruled by one dictator or by a small clique. The word originated as the title of a Roman dictator elected by the Roman Senate to rule the republic in tim ...
in 352 BC, ostensibly to carry on war against the
Etruscans
The Etruscan civilization () was developed by a people of Etruria in ancient Italy with a common language and culture who formed a federation of city-states. After conquering adjacent lands, its territory covered, at its greatest extent, rou ...
, but in fact to carry the election of two patricians in the consular comitia, in violation of the ''lex Licinia Sextia''.
Julii Mentones
*
Gaius Julius Mento
Gaius Julius Mento was a member of the ancient patrician gens Julia, who held the consulship in BC 431.''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. II, p. 1044.
Family
As Mento's filiation has not been preserved, it is not clear ...
, consul in 431 BC.
* Gaius Julius Mento, a rhetorician, cited by
Seneca
Seneca may refer to:
People and language
* Seneca (name), a list of people with either the given name or surname
* Seneca people, one of the six Iroquois tribes of North America
** Seneca language, the language of the Seneca people
Places Extrat ...
.
Julii Libones
* Lucius Julius Libo, grandfather of the consul of 267 BC.
* Lucius Julius L. f. Libo, father of the consul of 267 BC.
*
Lucius Julius L. f. L. n. Libo, consul in 267 BC, triumphed over the
Sallentini
The Messapians ( grc, Μεσσάπιοι, Messápioi; la, Messapii) were a Iapygians, Iapygian tribe who inhabited Salento in classical antiquity. Two other Iapygian tribes, the Peucetians and the Daunians, inhabited central and northern Apulia ...
.
Julii Caesares
* Lucius Julius (Caesar?), father of the praetor of 208 BC.
*
Sextus Julius (L. f.) Caesar,
praetor
Praetor ( , ), also pretor, was the title granted by the government of Ancient Rome to a man acting in one of two official capacities: (i) the commander of an army, and (ii) as an elected '' magistratus'' (magistrate), assigned to discharge vari ...
in 208 BC, obtained the province of
Sicilia
(man) it, Siciliana (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 = Ethnicity
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographi ...
, father of the praetor of 166 BC and the consul of 157 BC.
*
Lucius Julius (Sex. f. L. n.) Caesar, praetor in 183 BC, had the province of
Gallia Cisalpina
Cisalpine Gaul ( la, Gallia Cisalpina, also called ''Gallia Citerior'' or ''Gallia Togata'') was the part of Italy inhabited by Celts (Gauls) during the 4th and 3rd centuries BC.
After its conquest by the Roman Republic in the 200s BC it was con ...
.
* Lucius Julius (L. f. Sex. n.) Caesar, praetor in 166 BC.
*
Sextus Julius Sex. f. L. n. Caesar, consul in 157 BC.
* Gaius Julius (Sex. f. L. n.) Caesar, great-grandfather of the dictator.
* Sextus Julius (Sex. f. Sex. n.) Caesar, praetor ''urbanus'' in 123 BC; he is probably the same Sextus Julius Caesar who was ''
triumvir monetalis
The ''triumvir monetalis'' ( ''tresviri'' or ''triumviri monetales'', also called the , abbreviated IIIVIR A. A. A. F. F.) was a moneyer during the Roman Republic and the Empire, who oversaw the minting of coins. In that role, he would be respons ...
'' about this time.
* Lucius Julius Sex. f. Sex. n. Caesar, father of the consul of 90 BC, married Popillia, widow of Quintus Lutatius Catulus, and mother of
Quintus Lutatius Catulus
Quintus Lutatius Catulus (149–87 BC) was a consul of the Roman Republic in 102 BC. His consular colleague was Gaius Marius. During their consulship the Cimbri and Teutones marched south again and threatened the Republic. While Marius marched ag ...
, consul in 102 BC.
*
Gaius Julius (C. f. Sex. n.) Caesar, grandfather of the dictator, married Marcia.
*
Lucius Julius L. f. Sex. n. Caesar, consul in 90 BC, during the
Social War, and
censor in 89.
*
Julia L. f. L. n., wife of
Marcus Antonius Creticus
Marcus Antonius Creticus (flourished 1st century BC), a member of the Antonius family, was a Roman politician during the Late Roman Republic. He is best known for his failed pirate hunting career and being the father of the general Mark Antony.
Bi ...
, and mother of
Mark Antony
Marcus Antonius (14 January 1 August 30 BC), commonly known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic from a constitutional republic into the au ...
, the triumvir. After his death, she married
Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura
Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura (114 BC – 5 December 63 BC) was one of the chief figures in the Catilinarian conspiracy. He was also the step-father of the future triumvir Mark Antony.
Biography
When accused by Sulla (to whom he had been quae ...
, one of
Catiline
Lucius Sergius Catilina ( 108 BC – January 62 BC), known in English as Catiline (), was a Roman politician and soldier. He is best known for instigating the Catilinarian conspiracy, a failed attempt to violently seize control of the ...
's conspirators.
*
Gaius Julius L. f. Sex. n. Caesar Strabo Vopiscus, a notable orator and poet, proscribed and put to death by
Marius and
Cinna in 87 BC.
*
Gaius Julius C. f. (C. n.) Caesar, praetor, governor of
Asia
Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an are ...
, and father of the dictator, married Aurelia.
*
Lucius Julius L. f. L. n. Caesar, consul in 64 BC.
*
Lucius Julius L. f. L. n. Caesar, a partisan of
Pompeius during the
Civil War
A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country).
The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies ...
.
*
Julia C. f. (C. n.), aunt of the dictator, married
Gaius Marius
Gaius Marius (; – 13 January 86 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. Victor of the Cimbric and Jugurthine wars, he held the office of consul an unprecedented seven times during his career. He was also noted for his important refor ...
.
*
Sextus Julius C. f. (C. n.) Caesar, consul in 91 BC, uncle of the dictator.
*
Gaius Julius C. f. C. n. Caesar, consul in 59, 48, 46, 45, and 44 BC, dictator in 49, and from 47 to 44 BC.
*
Julia C. f. C. n., elder sister of the dictator, and wife of Lucius Pinarius and Quintus Pedius.
*
Julia C. f. C. n., younger sister of the dictator, and wife of
Marcus Atius Balbus
Marcus Atius Balbus (105 – 51 BC) was a 1st-century BC Roman who served as a praetor in 62 BC, he was a cousin of the general Pompey on his mother's side and a brother-in-law of the Dictator Julius Caesar through his marriage to Caesar's sister ...
.
*
Julia C. f. C. n., daughter of the dictator, and wife of
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus.
*
Caesarion
Ptolemy XV Caesar). (; grc-gre, Πτολεμαῖος ; 23 June 47 BC – August 30 BC), nicknamed Caesarion (, "Little Caesar"), was the last pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt, reigning with his mother Cleopatra from 2 September 44 BC until her d ...
, the son of the dictator by
Cleopatra, executed by order of Augustus in 30 BC.
* Sextus Julius Sex. f. C. n. Caesar, ''
Flamen Quirinalis
In ancient Roman religion, the Flamen Quirinalis was the flamen or high priest of the god Quirinus. He was one of the three ''flamines maiores'', third in order of importance after the Flamen Dialis and the Flamen Martialis. Like the other two hi ...
'' in 57 BC.
*
Sextus Julius Sex. f. Sex. n. Caesar, appointed governor of
Syria in 47 BC, killed in a revolt of the soldiers.
*
Gaius Julius C. f. C. n. Caesar Octavianus, adopted son of the dictator, afterwards the emperor Augustus.
Julio-Claudian dynasty
*
Imperator Caesar divi f. C. n. Augustus, emperor from 27 BC to AD 14.
['']Fasti Capitolini
The ''Fasti Capitolini'', or Capitoline Fasti, are a list of the chief magistrates of the Roman Republic, extending from the early fifth century BC down to the reign of Augustus, the first Roman emperor. Together with similar lists found at Rom ...
''
*
Julia Augusta, empress of Augustus, and mother of the emperor Tiberius.
*
Julia C. f. C. n., daughter of Augustus by his second wife,
Scribonia, married first
Marcus Claudius Marcellus
Marcus Claudius Marcellus (; 270 – 208 BC), five times elected as consul of the Roman Republic, was an important Roman military leader during the Gallic War of 225 BC and the Second Punic War. Marcellus gained the most prestigious award a Roma ...
, second
Marcus Agrippa
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (; BC – 12 BC) was a Roman general, statesman, and architect who was a close friend, son-in-law, and lieutenant to the Roman emperor Augustus. He was responsible for the construction of some of the most notable build ...
, and lastly, the emperor Tiberius.
*
Gaius (Julius) Caesar Augusti f. divi n., the eldest son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia, adopted by Augustus.
[
* Lucius (Julius) Caesar Augusti f. divi n., the second son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia, adopted by Augustus.
* Marcus Julius Caesar Agrippa Postumus Augusti f. divi n., the third son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia, adopted by Augustus.
* Tiberius Caesar Augusti f. divi n. Augustus, emperor from AD 14 to 37.][
* Drusus Julius Ti. f. Caesar, son of the emperor Tiberius, was probably poisoned in AD 23 by ]Sejanus
Lucius Aelius Sejanus (c. 20 BC – 18 October AD 31), commonly known as Sejanus (), was a Roman soldier, friend and confidant of the Roman Emperor Tiberius. Of the Equites class by birth, Sejanus rose to power as prefect of the Praetorian Gua ...
.
* Tiberius Julius Caesar Nero Gemellus, son of Drusus, was killed by the emperor Caligula.
* Germanicus Julius Ti. f. Caesar, nephew of Tiberius.
* Gaius Julius Caesar, son of Germanicus, died in early childhood.
* Nero Julius Caesar
Nero Julius Caesar (c. AD 6–31) was the adopted grandson and heir of the Roman Emperor Tiberius, alongside his brother Drusus. Born into the prominent Julio-Claudian dynasty, Nero was the son of Tiberius' general and heir, Germanicus. Afte ...
, son of Germanicus, was exiled during the reign of Tiberius and died under unclear circumstances in AD 31.
* Drusus Julius Caesar
Drusus Julius Caesar (14 BC – 14 September AD 23), was the son of Emperor Tiberius, and heir to the Roman Empire following the death of his adoptive brother Germanicus in AD 19.
He was born at Rome to a prominent branch of the ''gens Claud ...
, son of Germanicus, was likewise exiled by Tiberius, and is said to have starved to death in AD 33.
* Gaius (Julius) Caesar Germanicus, son of Germanicus, better known as ''Caligula'', emperor from AD 37 to 41.
* Julia Agrippina
Julia Agrippina (6 November AD 15 – 23 March AD 59), also referred to as Agrippina the Younger, was Roman empress from 49 to 54 AD, the fourth wife and niece of Emperor Claudius.
Agrippina was one of the most prominent women in the Julio-Cla ...
, daughter of Germanicus, and mother of the emperor Nero
Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( ; born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68), was the fifth Roman emperor and final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, reigning from AD 54 unti ...
.
* Julia Drusilla, daughter of Germanicus, married first Lucius Cassius Longinus, and second Marcus Aemilius Lepidus.
* Julia Livilla
Julia Livilla ( – ) was the youngest child of Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder and the youngest sister of the Emperor Caligula.
Life
Julia Livilla was the youngest great-granddaughter of Emperor Augustus, great-niece and adoptive grandd ...
, daughter of Germanicus, married Marcus Vinicius, consul in AD 30.
* Julia C. f. Drusilla, daughter of Caligula, was murdered by the Praetorian Guard in AD 41.
Others
First century BC
* Lucius Julius Bursio, ''triumvir monetalis
The ''triumvir monetalis'' ( ''tresviri'' or ''triumviri monetales'', also called the , abbreviated IIIVIR A. A. A. F. F.) was a moneyer during the Roman Republic and the Empire, who oversaw the minting of coins. In that role, he would be respons ...
'' in 85 BC.
* Julius Polyaenus, a contemporary of Caesar, and the author of four epigrams in the Anthologia Graeca
The ''Greek Anthology'' ( la, Anthologia Graeca) is a collection of poems, mostly epigrams, that span the Classical and Byzantine periods of Greek literature. Most of the material of the ''Greek Anthology'' comes from two manuscripts, the ''Pa ...
.
* Lucius Julius Calidus, a poet in the final years of the Republic, proscribed by Volumnius, the partisan of Marcus Antonius, but saved through the intercession of Atticus.
* Gaius Julius Hyginus, a freedman of Augustus, appointed head of the Palatine library, and the author of numerous books about history, mythology, and science.
* Julius Modestus, a freedman of Gaius Julius Hyginus, who became a distinguished grammarian, and the author of ''Quaestiones Confusae''.
* Julius Marathas, a freedman of Augustus, who wrote a life of his master.
* Marcus Julius Cottius, king of several Alpine tribes of the Ligures
The Ligures (singular Ligur; Italian: liguri; English: Ligurians) were an ancient people after whom Liguria, a region of present-day north-western Italy, is named.
Ancient Liguria corresponded more or less to the current Italian regi ...
, submitted to Augustus
Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor; he reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is known for being the founder of the Roman Pr ...
and granted the title of Praefectus
''Praefectus'', often with a further qualification, was the formal title of many, fairly low to high-ranking, military or civil officials in the Roman Empire, whose authority was not embodied in their person (as it was with elected Magistrates) but ...
.
First century
* Julius Florus, an orator, jurist, poet, and either the author or editor of several satires during the reign of Augustus. He accompanied Tiberius to Armenia, and may have been the uncle of Julius Secundus, and perhaps the friend of Quintilian, who calls him an eminent orator of Gaul
Gaul ( la, Gallia) was a region of Western Europe first described by the Romans. It was inhabited by Celtic and Aquitani tribes, encompassing present-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, most of Switzerland, parts of Northern Italy (only during ...
.
* Julius Florus, leader of an insurrection of the Treveri
The Trēverī ( Gaulish: *''Trēueroi'') were a Celtic tribe of the Belgae group who inhabited the lower valley of the Moselle from around 150 BCE, if not earlier, until their displacement by the Franks. Their domain lay within the southern fri ...
during the reign of Tiberius
Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus (; 16 November 42 BC – 16 March AD 37) was the second Roman emperor. He reigned from AD 14 until 37, succeeding his stepfather, the first Roman emperor Augustus. Tiberius was born in Rome in 42 BC. His father ...
.
* Julius Sacrovir Julius Sacrovir was a member of the gens Julia. Alongside Julius Florus, a leader of the Treveri, he led the Aedui tribe in Gaul in a revolt against the Romans. After being defeated in battle Sacrovir fled to, and was killed in Augustodunum.
Gal ...
, a leader of the Aedui
The Aedui or Haedui (Gaulish: *''Aiduoi'', 'the Ardent'; grc, Aἴδουοι) were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the modern Burgundy region during the Iron Age and the Roman period.
The Aedui had an ambiguous relationship with the Roman Republic a ...
, who together with Julius Florus revolted in AD 21.
* Julius Secundus Florus, an orator and friend of Quintilian, and nephew of the Gallic orator.
* Julius Montanus, a senator, poet, and friend of Tiberius, cited by both the elder and younger Seneca. After the emperor Nero
Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( ; born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68), was the fifth Roman emperor and final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, reigning from AD 54 unti ...
assaulted him in the dark, Montanus resisted forcefully before recognizing his attacker and begging for mercy, but he was compelled to commit suicide.
* Sextus Julius Postumus, used by Sejanus
Lucius Aelius Sejanus (c. 20 BC – 18 October AD 31), commonly known as Sejanus (), was a Roman soldier, friend and confidant of the Roman Emperor Tiberius. Of the Equites class by birth, Sejanus rose to power as prefect of the Praetorian Gua ...
in one of his schemes, AD 23.
* Julius Africanus, of the Gallic state of the Santones
The Santoni or Santones ( grc, Σαντόνων, Σάντονες) were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the later region of Saintonge during the Iron Age and the Roman period.
Name
These people are noted as ''Santonum'', ''Santonos'' and ''Santoni ...
, was condemned by Tiberius in AD 32.
* Julius Celsus, a tribune of the city cohort, was condemned to death under Tiberius, but broke his own neck in prison, in order to avoid a public execution.
* Julius Canus, a Stoic
Stoic may refer to:
* An adherent of Stoicism; one whose moral quality is associated with that school of philosophy
* STOIC, a programming language
* ''Stoic'' (film), a 2009 film by Uwe Boll
* ''Stoic'' (mixtape), a 2012 mixtape by rapper T-Pain
* ...
philosopher, condemned to death by the emperor Caligula. He had promised to appear to his friends after his death, and fulfilled his promise by appearing to one of them in a vision.
* Julius Graecinus
The gens Julia (''gēns Iūlia'', ) was one of the most prominent patrician families in ancient Rome. Members of the gens attained the highest dignities of the state in the earliest times of the Republic. The first of the family to obtain the ...
, a writer on botany, and the father of Gnaeus Julius Agricola, was put to death by Caligula.
* Gaius Julius Callistus
Gaius Julius Callistus (flourished 1st century) was a Greek imperial freedman during the reigns of Roman Emperors Caligula and Claudius. Callistus was originally a freedman of Caligula, and was given great authority during his reign, which he u ...
, a freedman of Caligula, influential during his reign and that of Claudius.
* Gaius Julius Sex. f. Postumus, prefect, governor of Egypt from AD 45 to 48.
* Marcus Julius Romulus, adlected into the Senate after serving as tribune of the plebs, also served as legatus, legate of the Legio XV Apollinaris, and proconsul of Macedonia.
* Gaius Julius M. f. Donnus, son of Marcus Julius Cottius, prefect of the Ligures, fought for Tiberius
Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus (; 16 November 42 BC – 16 March AD 37) was the second Roman emperor. He reigned from AD 14 until 37, succeeding his stepfather, the first Roman emperor Augustus. Tiberius was born in Rome in 42 BC. His father ...
.
* Marcus Julius M. f. Cottius, another son of Marcus Julius Cottius, prefect of the Ligures, was granted title of king by the emperor Claudius.
* Julius Pelignus, Procurator (Roman), Procurator of Cappadocia (Roman province), Cappadocia in the reign of Claudius, AD 52.
* Julius Bassus, said by the elder Pliny the Elder, Plinius to have written a medical work in Greek.
* Gaius Julius Aquila, an equites, eques, sent to protect Tiberius Julius Cotys I, Cotys, King of the Bosporan Kingdom, Bosporus, in AD 50.
* Julius Densus, an eques during the reign of Nero
Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( ; born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68), was the fifth Roman emperor and final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, reigning from AD 54 unti ...
, accused of being too favorably disposed towards Britannicus in AD 56.
* Julius Diocles of Carystus, author of four epigrams in the Greek Anthology.
* Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus, procurator of Roman Britain, Britannia from AD 61 to 65.
* Julia Pacata, the wife of Classicanus.
* Julius Indus, a cavalry commander of the Treveri, and the father-in-law of Classicanus.
* Julius Africanus (orator), Julius Africanus, a celebrated orator in the reign of Nero.
* Lucius Julius Rufus, consul in AD 67. His death is related by the elder Pliny the elder, Pliny.
* Gaius Julius Vindex, one of the chief supporters of Galba, led the rebellion against Nero.
* Julius Fronto, a supporter of Otho, put in chains by the soldiers because his brother, Julius Gratus, was a supporter of Vitellius.
* Julius Gratus, prefect of the camp in the army of Aulus Caecina Alienus, the general of Vitellius, was put in chains by the soldiers because his brother, Julius Fronto, supported Otho.
* Julius Carus, one of the murderers of Titus Vinius when the emperor Galba was put to death in AD 69.
* Gaius Julius Civilis
Gaius Julius Civilis was the leader of the Batavian rebellion against the Romans in 69 AD. His nomen shows that he (or one of his male ancestors) was made a Roman citizen (and thus, the tribe a Roman vassal) by either Augustus or Caligula.
Earl ...
, leader of the Revolt of the Batavi, Batavian Rebellion in AD 69.
* Julius Classicus, of the Treveri, who with Civilis was one of the leaders of the Batavian Rebellion.
* Julius Paulus (brother of Civilis), Julius Paulus, the brother of Civilis, was put to death on a false charge of treason by Gaius Fonteius Capito (consul 59), Gaius Fonteius Capito, the Roman governors of Germania Inferior, governor of Germania Inferior.
* Julius Briganticus, a nephew of Civilis, who fought under Quintus Petillius Cerialis, Cerealis in Germania, and fell in battle in AD 71.
* Julius Sabinus, of the Lingones, joined in the revolt of the Batavi.
* Julius Tutor, of the Treviri, joined in the rebellion of Classicus.
* Julius Calenus, of the Aedui, a partisan of Vitellius, was sent to Gaul
Gaul ( la, Gallia) was a region of Western Europe first described by the Romans. It was inhabited by Celtic and Aquitani tribes, encompassing present-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, most of Switzerland, parts of Northern Italy (only during ...
as proof of the emperor's defeat at Battle of Bedriacum, Cremona in AD 69.
* Julius Priscus, appointed Praetorian Prefect by Vitellius in AD 69, he failed to hold the passes of the Apennines, and returned to Rome in disgrace.
* Julius Placidus, tribune of a cohort in the army of Vespasian, who dragged Vitellius from his hiding place.
* Julius Burdo, commander of the Roman fleet in Germania, in AD 70. Previously suspected by the soldiers of having a hand in the death of Gaius Fonteius Capito, he was protected by Vitellius.
* Sextus Julius Gabinianus, a celebrated rhetorician who taught in Gaul during the time of Vespasian, and was spoken of by Suetonius in ''De Claris Rhetoribus''.
* Julia Procilla, the mother of Agricola.
* Gnaeus Julius Agricola, consul in AD 77, the conqueror of Britannia.
* Julius Cerealis, a poet, and a friend and contemporary of the younger Pliny the Younger, Pliny and Martial.
* Tiberius Julius Lupus, governor of Roman Egypt from 71 to 73.
* Lucius Julius Marinus, governor of Bithynia and Pontus at some point between AD 85 and 89.
* Julius Rufus, a writer of satires, contemporary with Martial.
* Sextus Julius Frontinus, twice consul in the late first century, and author of ''De aquaeductu, De Aquaeductu''.
* Gaius Junius Silanus, consul ''suffectus'' in AD 92.[''Fasti Ostienses'', .][''Fasti Potentini'', .]
* Julius Naso, a friend of both the younger Pliny and Tacitus, who were interested in his success as a candidate for public office.
* Julius Calvaster, a military tribune who took part in the rebellion of Lucius Antonius Saturninus, but was pardoned by Domitian.
* Julius Ferox, consul ''suffectus'' from the Kalends of November in AD 100, and subsequently Curator of the Banks and Courses of the Tiber, and of the Cloaca Maxima. He is sometimes confused with the jurist Urseius Ferox.
Second century
* Lucius Julius Ursus, consul in AD 84, 98, and 100.
* Lucius Julius Ursus Servianus, Gaius Julius Servilius Ursus Servianus, the brother-in-law of Hadrian, and consul in AD 107, 111, and 136.
* Gaius Julius Lacer, an architect during the reign of Trajan. His name is inscribed upon Alcántara Bridge, the famous bridge over the Tagus, which he built, and which still stands.
* Gaius Julius Africanus, grandson of the orator, consul ''suffectus'' in AD 108.
* Philopappos, Gaius Julius Antiochus Epiphanes Philopappus, a prince of Kingdom of Commagene, Commagene, consul ''suffectus'' in AD 109.
* Julius Severianus, a rhetorician in the time of Hadrian, and the author of ''Syntomata'', or ''Praecepta Artis Rhetoricae''.
* Sextus Julius Severus, governor of Britannia and Bithynia under Hadrian, was sent to Iudaea Province, Judaea to suppress the Bar Kokhba revolt.
* Julius Gallus Aquila, Julius Aquila, a jurist, probably of the late second century.
* Lucius Julius Aquila, the author of ''De Etrusca Disciplina'', a work on Etruscan religion.
* Julius Vestinus, a sophist, who made an abridgement of the lexicon of Pamphilus of Alexandria, Pamphilus.
* Julius Pollux, a Greek sophist and grammarian, and a teacher of grammar and rhetoric at Athens during the reign of Commodus.
* Julius Titianus, a scholar and writer of the late second century, and the father of the rhetorician Titianus.
* Julius Titianus, a rhetorician, and tutor of the younger Gaius Julius Verus Maximus, Maximinus.
* Julius Solon, purchased the rank of Roman senate, senator under Commodus, but put to death by Septimius Severus, at the commencement of his reign.
* Julius Crispus, a distinguished tribune of the Praetorian Guard, capriciously put to death by Septimius Severus during the Roman-Parthian Wars, Parthian War in AD 199.
* Julius Rufus, a nobiles, nobilis, slain by Septimius Severus.
*Lucius Julius Julianus, legate of the Legio II Augusta.
Third century
* Julius Frontinus, a Latin rhetorician, who gave instruction in his art to Severus Alexander.[Aelius Lampridius, "The Life of Alexander Severus", 3.]
* Julius Granianus, a rhetorician at the time of Severus Alexander, who was instructed by him in rhetoric.
* Julius Paulus Prudentissimus, Julius Paulus, a distinguished jurist and prolific writer on the law, during the early third century.
* Julius Martialis, joined the conspiracy against the emperor Caracalla, whom he killed with his own hand, before being slain by the emperor's Scythian guards.
* Sextus Julius Africanus, a chronographer and Christian writer of the early third century.
* Gaius Julius Solinus, a grammarian and geographer, probably of the early third century.
* Aquilia Severa, Julia Aquilia Severa, a Vestal Virgin, scandalously taken as a wife by the emperor Elagabalus.
* Gaius Julius Maximinus, equestrian governor of Mauretania Tingitana, between AD 222 and 235.
* Maximinus Thrax, Gaius Julius Verus Maximinus, surnamed ''Thrax'', emperor from AD 235 to 238.
* Philip the Arab, Marcus Julius Philippus, also known as Philip the Arab, emperor from AD 244 to 249.
* Philippus II, Marcus Julius M. f. Philippus, emperor with his father from AD 247 to 249.
* Gaius Julius Saturninus, a name assigned to the younger Marcus Julius Philippus by Aurelius Victor.
* Quintus Julius Gallienus, a son of the emperor Gallienus, who probably predeceased his father.
* Julius Aterianus, said to have written a history of Victorinus, and perhaps others of the ''Thirty Tyrants (Roman), Thirty Tyrants''.
* Julius Saturninus, usurper against the emperor Probus (emperor), Probus in AD 280.
Fourth century
* Julius Capitolinus, the supposed author of nine biographies in the ''Augustan History, Historia Augusta''.
* Crispus, Flavius Julius Crispus, son of the emperor Constantine I; a distinguished soldier, he was put to death at the instigation of his stepmother in AD 326.
* Julius Firmicus Maternus, a fourth-century astrologer and writer on the subject of paganism, profane religions.
* Pope Julius I, Julius I, Pope from AD 337 to 352.
* Julius Valerius Alexander Polemius, a historian who translated a Greek life of Alexander the Great; he is likely the same Polemius who was consul in AD 338.
* Julius Obsequens, perhaps of the fourth century, an author of a tract known as ''De Prodigiis'', or ''Prodigiorum Libellus'', describing various prodigies and phenomena found in the works of earlier writers.
* Gaius Julius Victor, a rhetorician of the fourth century.
* Julius Ausonius, an eminent physician, and prefect, praefectus of Illyricum (Roman province), Illyricum under the emperor Valentinian I.
* Ausonius, (Julius) Ausonius, also called Decimus Magnus Ausonius, son of the physician, a celebrated poet.
* Julia Dryadia, daughter of the physician Julius Ausonius.
* Julius Rufinianus, a Latin rhetorician of uncertain date, and the author of a treatise called ''De Figuris Sententiarum et Elocutionis''.
* Julius Paris, author of an epitome of Valerius Maximus, written perhaps in the fourth or fifth century.
Fifth century and after
* Majorian, Julius Valerius Majorianus, emperor from AD 457 to 461.
* Julius Nepos, emperor in AD 474 and 475.
* Julius Exsuperantius, a late Roman historian, probably of the fifth or sixth century; his tract, ''De Marii, Lepidi, ac Sertorii Bellis Civilibus'' may have been abridged from the histories of Sallust.
* Claudius Julius or Joläus, a Greek historian of unknown date, wrote works on Phoenicia and the Peloponnese, Peloponnesus.
* Julius Celsus, a scholar at Constantinople in the seventh century, who made a recension of the text of Caesar's commentaries.[''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. I, p. 661.]
See also
* List of Roman gentes
Notes
References
Citations
Bibliography
* Diodorus Siculus, ''Bibliotheca historica, Bibliotheca Historica'' (Library of History).
* Titus Livius (Livy), ''Ab Urbe Condita Libri, History of Rome''.
* Dionysius of Halicarnassus, ''Romaike Archaiologia'' (Roman Antiquities).
* Cicero, Marcus Tullius Cicero, ''De Haruspicum Responsis''.
* Cornelius Nepos, ''De Viris Illustribus'' (On the Lives of Famous Men).
* Publius Ovidius Naso (Ovid), ''Fasti (poem), Fasti''.
* Lucius Annaeus Seneca (Seneca the Elder), ''Controversiae''.
* Lucius Annaeus Seneca (Seneca the Younger), ''De Beneficiis'', ''Epistulae morales ad Lucilium, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium'' (Moral Letters to Lucilius).
* Gaius Plinius Secundus (Pliny the Elder), ''Natural History (Pliny), Naturalis Historia'' (Natural History).
* Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus (Pliny the Younger), ''Epistulae (Pliny), Epistulae'' (Letters).
* Marcus Valerius Martialis (Martial), ''Epigrams''.
* Marcus Fabius Quintilianus ( Quintilian), ''Institutio Oratoria'' (Institutes of Oratory).
* Tacitus, Publius Cornelius Tacitus, ''Annals (Tacitus), Annales'', ''Dialogus de oratoribus, Dialogus de Oratoribus'' (Dialogue on Oratory).
* Publius Cornelius Tacitus, ''Histories (Tacitus), Historiae''.
* Publius Cornelius Tacitus, ''Agricola (book), De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae'' (On the Life and Mores of Julius Agricola).
* Publius Cornelius Tacitus, ''Dialogus de oratoribus, Dialogus de Oratoribus'' (Dialogue on Oratory).
* Suetonius, Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, ''De Claris Rhetoribus'' (The Eminent Orators); ''De Illustribus Grammaticis'' (The Illustrious Grammarians); ''The Twelve Caesars, De Vita Caesarum'' (Lives of the Caesars, or The Twelve Caesars).
* Aulus Gellius, ''Noctes Atticae'' (Attic Nights).
* Sextus Pompeius Festus, epitome of Marcus Verrius Flaccus, ''De Verborum Significatu''.
* Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus (Cassius Dio), ''Roman History''.
* Eusebius of Caesarea, ''Chronicon (Eusebius), Chronicon''.
* Aelius Lampridius, Aelius Spartianus, Julius Capitolinus, Trebellius Pollio, et al., ''Historia Augusta''.
* Aurelius Victor, Sextus Aurelius Victor, ''De Caesaribus'' (On the Caesars); ''De Origo Gentis Romanae'' (On the Origin of the Roman People); ''Epitome de Caesaribus'' (attributed).
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The ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'' (1849, originally published 1844 under a slightly different title) is an encyclopedia/biographical dictionary. Edited by William Smith, the dictionary spans three volumes and 3,700 ...
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*
* Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton, T. Robert S. Broughton, ''The Magistrates of the Roman Republic'', American Philological Association (1952).
*
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John Wiley & Sons (2009), , .
{{Julius Caesar, state=collapsed
Alba Longa
Julii,
Roman gentes