Julius Caesar Burrows (January 9, 1837November 16, 1915) was a

U.S. Representative The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they c ...

and a

U.S. Senator The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The composition and powe ...

from the

state State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our S ...

Michigan Michigan () is a state in the Great Lakes region of the upper Midwestern United States. With a population of nearly 10.12 million and an area of nearly , Michigan is the 10th-largest state by population, the 11th-largest by area, and the ...

Early life and education

Burrows was born in

North East, Pennsylvania North East is a borough in Erie County, Pennsylvania, United States, northeast of Erie. Located in the county's northeastern corner, the name comes from the geographical location. The population was 4,114 at the 2020 census, down from 4,294 ...

and moved then with his parents to

Ashtabula County, Ohio Ashtabula County ( ) is the northeasternmost county in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 97,574. The county seat is Jefferson. The county was created in 1808 and later organized in 1811. The name Ashtabula deriv ...

. He attended district school,

Kingsville Academy Kingsville Academy was a school which was chartered in Kingsville, Ohio in 1834. Its building was constructed in 1836. In its 37-year history, the institution educated about 5,000 students. With the rise of the public high school, enrollment dwindle ...

, and Grand River Institute in

Austinburg, Ohio Austinburg is a census-designated place in northern Austinburg Township, Ashtabula County, Ohio, United States. It has a post office with the ZIP code 44010. It lies at the intersection of State Routes 45 and 307 __NOTOC__ Year 307 ( CC ...

. He studied law and was admitted to the

bar Bar or BAR may refer to: Food and drink * Bar (establishment), selling alcoholic beverages * Candy bar * Chocolate bar Science and technology * Bar (river morphology), a deposit of sediment * Bar (tropical cyclone), a layer of cloud * Bar (u ...

Jefferson, Ohio Jefferson is a village in and the county seat of Ashtabula County, Ohio, United States. The population was 3,226 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Ashtabula micropolitan area, northeast of Cleveland. Modern-day Jefferson sports the worl ...

in 1859. He moved to

Richland, Michigan Richland is a village in Kalamazoo County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 751 at the 2010 census, up from 593 at the 2000 census. The village is within Richland Township, about northeast of Kalamazoo. Geography According to ...

in 1860. He was principal of the Richland Seminary and commenced the practice of law in nearby

Kalamazoo Kalamazoo ( ) is a city in the southwest region of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the county seat of Kalamazoo County. At the 2010 census, Kalamazoo had a population of 74,262. Kalamazoo is the major city of the Kalamazoo-Portage Metropolit ...

in 1861.

Military and legal careers

Burrows raised an infantry company in 1862 to fight in the

American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by states th ...

and served as its captain until the fall of 1863. He was elected circuit court commissioner in 1864 and was prosecuting attorney for

Kalamazoo County Kalamazoo County is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. , the population was 261,670. The county seat is Kalamazoo. Kalamazoo County is included in the Kalamazoo– Portage, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area. History Kalamazoo Count ...

1866-1870. He declined appointment as supervisor of internal revenue for Michigan and Wisconsin in 1868.

Political life

In 1872, Burrows was elected as a

Republican Republican can refer to: Political ideology * An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law. ** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or agains ...

from

Michigan's 4th congressional district Michigan's 4th congressional district is a United States congressional district that from 2003 to 2013 included portions of Northern and Central Michigan, consisting of all of Clare, Clinton, Gladwin, Gratiot, Isabella, Mecosta, Midland, ...

to the

U.S. House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they ...

for the

43rd Congress The 43rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1873, ...

, serving from March 4, 1873 to March 3, 1875. He was chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Navy. Burrows was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1874, but was subsequently elected to the 46th and 47th Congresses, serving from March 4, 1879 to March 3, 1883. He was chairman of the Committee on Territories in the 47th Congress. Burrows is sometimes cited as a contributing factor in why

New Mexico ) , population_demonym = New Mexican ( es, Neomexicano, Neomejicano, Nuevo Mexicano) , seat = Santa Fe , LargestCity = Albuquerque , LargestMetro = Tiguex , OfficialLang = None , Languages = English, Spanish ( New Mexican), Navajo, Ker ...

was delayed in achieving statehood. In an 1876 debate, Burrows, an admired orator, spoke forcefully in favor of a bill intended to protect the civil rights of freed black slaves.

Stephen B. Elkins Stephen Benton Elkins (September 26, 1841January 4, 1911) was an American industrialist and politician. He served as the Secretary of War between 1891 and 1893. He served in the United States Congress as a Delegate from the Territory of New Mexi ...

, the

New Mexico Territory The Territory of New Mexico was an organized incorporated territory of the United States from September 9, 1850, until January 6, 1912. It was created from the U.S. provisional government of New Mexico, as a result of ''Santa Fe de Nuevo México ...

Delegate to Congress, arrived late, just as Burrows was finishing. Unaware of the full import of Burrows' speech, Elkins shook his colleague's hand in congratulations, a gesture that many southern congressmen interpreted as support for the civil rights legislation. As a result, Elkin's handshake with Burrows is blamed for costing New Mexico several Southern Democratic votes which had been needed to achieve statehood. While Colorado achieved statehood in 1876, New Mexico remained a territory for another 36 years. Burrows was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1882. He won re-election in 1884 to the 49th Congress, and subsequently to the five succeeding Congresses. He represented Michigan's 4th district from March 4, 1885 until March 3, 1893 and the 3rd district from March 4, 1893 until his resignation on January 23, 1895, having been elected

. He was chairman of the Committee on Levees and Improvements of Mississippi River in the

51st Congress The 51st United States Congress, referred to by some critics as the Billion Dollar Congress, was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Rep ...

. Burrows was elected as a

to the

United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The composition and pow ...

to fill the vacancy caused by the death of

Francis B. Stockbridge Francis Brown Stockbridge (April 9, 1826April 30, 1894) was a U.S. Senator from the state of Michigan. Stockbridge was born in Bath, Maine, the son of a physician, Dr. John Stockbridge, and attended the common schools there. He clerked at a who ...

and was reelected in 1899 and 1905, serving from January 24, 1895 to March 3, 1911. He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1910. He was chairman of the Committee on Revision of the Laws of the United States in the 54th through 56th Congresses and of the Committee on Privileges and Elections in the 57th through 61st Congresses. He also served on the

Lodge Committee The Committee on the Philippines was a standing committee of the United States Senate from 1899 to 1921. The committee was established by Senate resolution on December 15, 1899, to oversee administration of the Philippines, which Spain had ceded to ...

which investigated war crimes in the

Philippine–American War The Philippine–American War or Filipino–American War ( es, Guerra filipina-estadounidense, tl, Digmaang Pilipino–Amerikano), previously referred to as the Philippine Insurrection or the Tagalog Insurgency by the United States, was an arm ...

. He was on the imperialist faction''Imperialist'' is a term to differentiate those who supported the Philippine–American War as opposed to ''Anti-Imperialists'' who were against the war. The origin of the two terms comes from the formation of the now defunct Anti-Imperialist League, a group opposed to the annexation and/or invasion of several countries by America between 1898 and 1921. Today it is a common term of historians to use the term ''Imperialist'' and ''Anti-Imperialists'' to differentiate the differences between the two groups. See ''Benevolent Assimilation: The American Conquest of the Philippines from 1899 to 1903'', Stuart Creighton Miller, (Yale University Press, 1982) for an excellent example of this phenomenon throughout the entire book. led by

Henry Cabot Lodge Henry Cabot Lodge (May 12, 1850 November 9, 1924) was an American Republican politician, historian, and statesman from Massachusetts. He served in the United States Senate from 1893 to 1924 and is best known for his positions on foreign policy. ...

in support of the Philippine–American War. He was also a member of the

National Monetary Commission The National Monetary Commission was a U.S. congressional commission created by the Aldrich–Vreeland Act of 1908. After the Panic of 1907, the Commission studied the banking laws of the United States, and the leading countries of Europe. The ...

and its vice chairman 1908-1912. After this, Burrows retired from active business pursuits and political life. He died in Kalamazoo and is interred in Mountain Home Cemetery there.

Bibliography

*''American National Biography'' *''Dictionary of American Biography'' *Holsinger, M. Paul. "J.C. Burrows and the Fight Against Mormonism from 1903 to 1907." ''Michigan History'' 52 (Fall 1968): 181-95 * Orcutt, Dana. ''Burrows of Michigan and the Republican Party.'' New York: Longmans, Green and Company, 1917. vol
I

II

Footnotes

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Burrows, Julius C. 1837 births 1915 deaths Burials in Michigan Republican Party United States senators from Michigan Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Michigan 19th-century American politicians People from Erie County, Pennsylvania People from Ashtabula County, Ohio People from Richland, Michigan Grand River Academy alumni Union Army officers Military personnel from Pennsylvania Military personnel from Michigan