Julian P. Johnson (1867–1939) was an American surgeon and author of several books on
Eastern spirituality. He spent much of 1932 to 1939 in India, was associated with the
Radha Soami Satsang Beas
Radha Soami Satsang Beas (RSSB) is a spiritual organization in Radha Soami movement. It is headed by Gurinder Singh. The main centre of RSSB is located on the banks of the Beas River in the northern Indian state of Punjab.
Establishment of t ...
movement and
Surat Shabd Yoga
Surat Shabd Simran is a type of spiritual meditation in the Sant Mat tradition.
Etymology
''Surat'' is "attention" or "face", that is, an outward expression of the soul; ''Shabd'' or ''Shabda'' has multiple meanings including ‘sacred song’, ...
, and wrote five books (one unpublished) as a result of his experiences.
Life and career
Early days and education
Johnson grew up in a staunch Christian family in the southern United States, became a Baptist minister at age 17, graduated
Bachelor of Divinity
In Western universities, a Bachelor of Divinity or Baccalaureate in Divinity (BD or BDiv; la, Baccalaureus Divinitatis) is a postgraduate academic degree awarded for a course taken in the study of divinity or related disciplines, such as theology ...
in
Bolivar, Missouri
Bolivar is a city and county seat of Polk County, Missouri, United States. As of a 2019 estimate by the U. S. Census Bureau, the city population was 11,067.
History
Bolivar began as a settlement around Keeling Spring, with the majority of settle ...
, and received an appointment as a missionary to India at age 22. Johnson claimed that experiences during his three-year stay in India, however, rendered him surprised by the deep understanding possessed by Indians he had sought to convert, and urged him towards further study.
Back in the United States, he earned an M.A. in theology at the
University of Chicago
The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, U of C, or UChi) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. Its main campus is located in Chicago's Hyde Park neighborhood. The University of Chicago is consistently ranked among the b ...
, resigned his 17-year Baptist ministership, and earned an M.D. from the
State University of Iowa
The University of Iowa (UI, U of I, UIowa, or simply Iowa) is a public research university in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. Founded in 1847, it is the oldest and largest university in the state. The University of Iowa is organized into 12 coll ...
. He served as an assistant surgeon in the
United States Navy
The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage ...
during
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, and later went into private practice. He also owned and flew his own airplanes.
Religious studies
Over the years, he took to studies of various religious and philosophical teachings, including
Christian Science
Christian Science is a set of beliefs and practices associated with members of the Church of Christ, Scientist. Adherents are commonly known as Christian Scientists or students of Christian Science, and the church is sometimes informally know ...
,
Freemasonry
Freemasonry or Masonry refers to fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local guilds of stonemasons that, from the end of the 13th century, regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities ...
,
New Thought
The New Thought movement (also Higher Thought) is a spiritual movement that coalesced in the United States in the early 19th century. New Thought was seen by its adherents as succeeding "ancient thought", accumulated wisdom and philosophy from ...
,
Rosicrucianism
Rosicrucianism is a spiritual and cultural movement that arose in Europe in the early 17th century after the publication of several texts purported to announce the existence of a hitherto unknown esoteric order to the world and made seeking its ...
,
Spiritualism
Spiritualism is the metaphysical school of thought opposing physicalism and also is the category of all spiritual beliefs/views (in monism and dualism) from ancient to modern. In the long nineteenth century, Spiritualism (when not lowercase) ...
,
Blavatskyan Theosophy, and world religions. His spiritual explorations culminated when he visited an old friend (Julia McQuilkin in Oregon)
[Johnson, ''With a Great Master in India'', 1988 p. 12; 1994 p. 11.] who was a disciple of
Sawan Singh
Sawan Singh (1858-1948), also known as The Great Master or Bade Maharaj ji, was an Indian Saint or ''Sant''. He was the second spiritual head of Radha Soami Satsang Beas (RSSB) from the death of Jaimal Singh in 1903 until his own death on 2 Apr ...
of
Beas
Beas is a riverfront town in the Amritsar district of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of Punjab, India, Punjab. Beas lies on the banks of the Beas River. Beas town is mostly located in revenue boundary of Budha Theh wit ...
, India. Convinced that he had found his path, Johnson requested initiation, which was arranged for by Dr. Harold Brock.
[Harold Brock, a dentist from Port Angeles, Washington State, and his wife Genevieve were the first Western disciples of Sawan Singh, initiated into ]Surat Shabd Yoga
Surat Shabd Simran is a type of spiritual meditation in the Sant Mat tradition.
Etymology
''Surat'' is "attention" or "face", that is, an outward expression of the soul; ''Shabd'' or ''Shabda'' has multiple meanings including ‘sacred song’, ...
in 1911 through Sardār Kehr Singh Sasmas. After a year, Johnson left once more for India on 24 March 1932.
[Johnson, ''With a Great Master in India'', 1988/1994, p. 13.] (At the two-week stopover in
Hawaii
Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only stat ...
, he had discussions on religion with the English
Jodo Shinshu pries
Ernest "Shinkaku" Hunt 876–1967of the
Hongwanji
, also archaically romanized as Hongwanji, is the collective name of the largest school of Jōdo Shinshū Buddhism (which further sub-divides into the Nishi and Higashi branches). 'Hongan-ji' may also refer to any one of several actual temple bui ...
.
)
Move to India
Dr. Johnson was the first American to live permanently at
Radha Soami Satsang Beas
Radha Soami Satsang Beas (RSSB) is a spiritual organization in Radha Soami movement. It is headed by Gurinder Singh. The main centre of RSSB is located on the banks of the Beas River in the northern Indian state of Punjab.
Establishment of t ...
, in Beas, where he became busy with study, writing, some medical work, meditation, and traveling with Sāwan Singh. Johnson edited Sardār Seva Singh's English translation of "Soamiji Maharaj"
Shiv Dayal Singh
Shiv Dayal Singh, called by the honorific "Param Purush Puran Dhani Huzur Soami Ji Maharaj" by his disciples and devotees, was born on 25 August 1818 in Agra in the colonial era British India (present-day Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India), and died ...
's ''Sar Bachan''.
[The book which American religion founder Paul Twitchell described to his future wife Gail thus: "I have a book in my collection called the Sar Bachan written by Sardar Seva Singh, which is the teachings of the Sound Current, and acts as practically my Bible!" —Twitchell, letter of July 8, 1963, in Paul Twitchell, ''Letters to Gail'', volume II, Menlo Park: ]ECKANKAR
Eckankar is a new religious movement founded by Paul Twitchell in 1965. Its membership today is primarily in North America, Europe, Asia and Africa. The spiritual home is the Temple of ECK in Chanhassen, Minnesota. Eckankar is not affiliated ...
, 1977, page 149. Johnson also coined the term "Audible Life Stream". He wrote five books at the Dera, four of which were published: ''With a Great Master in India'' (1934, autobiographical), ''Call of the East'' (autobiography), ''The Unquenchable Flame'' (biography of his wife Elizabeth, written in first person), and his magnum opus ''The Path of the Masters''.
Paul Petzoldt
In Kashmir, Johnson met
Paul Petzoldt
Paul Kiesow Petzoldt (January 16, 1908 – October 6, 1999) was an American mountaineer and wilderness educator known for establishing the National Outdoor Leadership School in 1965.
Early life and education
Petzoldt was born in Creston, ...
(the mountaineer,
Outward Bound
Outward Bound (OB) is an international network of outdoor education organizations that was founded in the United Kingdom by Lawrence Holt and Kurt Hahn in 1941. Today there are organizations, called schools, in over 35 countries which are att ...
instructor, and founder of the
National Outdoor Leadership School
NOLS is a non-profit outdoor education school based in the United States dedicated to teaching environmental ethics, technical outdoor skills, wilderness medicine, risk management and judgment, and leadership on extended wilderness expeditions an ...
), and invited him to the Dera where Petzoldt received initiation from Johnson's guru, served as Johnson's assistant in the ashram clinic, even helping in surgical operations. Friction occurred after Petzoldt's wife moved from America to join him and then became ill and disillusioned with life in Beās. A tussle with Petzoldt led to the accidental death of Johnson. Petzoldt's version of this occurrence is told in an article by Molly Absolon, "Paul Tells His Story" in ''The Leader'', Fall 1995,
NOLS.
For a comprehensive look at how Johnson died see the book, "The Mystery of Dr. Johnson's Death: A Scandal in the Punjab".
Elizabeth Rose Bruce
Johnson's wife Elizabeth Rose (died 1941) was an American socialite, traveler, adventurer, herbalist, and spiritual seeker. She was a faithful worker of the Radhasoami Satsang,
Dayal Bagh
Dayalbagh or Dayal Bagh means 'Garden' (bagh) of 'Merciful' (dayal), inferring "Garden of the Merciful", is a locality in metropolitan Agra in western Uttar Pradesh, India. It is the headquarters of the Dayalbagh subsect of the Radha Soami sect ...
,
Agra
Agra (, ) is a city on the banks of the Yamuna river in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, about south-east of the national capital New Delhi and 330 km west of the state capital Lucknow. With a population of roughly 1.6 million, Agra is ...
, India, and a disciple of
Sir Anand Sarup, Kt,
[Given a whole chapter in ]Paul Brunton
Paul Brunton is the pen name of Raphael Hurst (21 October 1898 – 27 July 1981), a British author of spiritual books. He is best known as one of the early popularizers of Neo-Hindu spiritualism in western esotericism, notably via his be ...
's
A Search in Secret India
' (1934). but eventually left Anand Sarup. Johnson married her and they lived out life in Beās. Johnson wrote her "autobiography" ''The Unquenchable Flame'' (Beās: Five Rivers Manufacturing Company, 1935).
[In summation, the following were all initiated disciples of "The Great Master" Sāwan Singh (1858–1948): Julian Johnson, Julia McQuilkin, Sardar Kehr Singh Sasmas, Genevieve and Harold Brock, Sardar Seva Singh, Sant ]Kirpal Singh
Kirpal Singh (6 February 1894 – 21 August 1974) was a spiritual master (''satguru'') in the tradition of Radha Soami.
Kirpal Singh was born in Sayyad Kasran, Punjab, in what is now Pakistan. He lived in Lahore during the period of his discip ...
, Charan Singh
Chaudhary Charan Singh (23 December 1902 – 29 May 1987) served as the 5th Prime Minister of India between 28 July 1979 to 14 January 1980. Historians and people alike frequently refer to him as the 'champion of India's peasants.'
Charan S ...
, Sant Darshan Singh, and Elizabeth Rose Bruce Johnson. American religion founder Paul Twitchell
Paul Twitchell (born Jacob Paul Twitchell) (died September 17, 1971) was an American author and spiritual teacher who created and directed the development of the new religious movement known as Eckankar. Twitchell described himself as "The Maha ...
was initiated by Sant Kirpal Singh. American religious studies scholar David Christopher Lane is an initiate of Charan Singh's, and a deep admirer of Faqir Chand
Faqir Chand Aggarwal (born 1932) is a leader of Bharatiya Janata Party from Haryana. He was a member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly representing Ambala
Ambala () is a city and a municipal corporation in Ambala district in the stat ...
who had made a "radical revision of the teaching on the guru" (—Gold, 1987, page 166).
Legacy
Johnson remains the most well known among many Western adherents of and authors on
Sant Mat
Sant Mat was a spiritual movement on the Indian subcontinent during the 13th–17th centuries CE. The name literally means "teachings of sants", i.e. mystic Hindu saints. Through association and seeking truth by following ''sants'' and their teac ...
/
Surat Shabd Yoga
Surat Shabd Simran is a type of spiritual meditation in the Sant Mat tradition.
Etymology
''Surat'' is "attention" or "face", that is, an outward expression of the soul; ''Shabd'' or ''Shabda'' has multiple meanings including ‘sacred song’, ...
. Possibly, no other single author in Sant Mat has more influenced North American "Shabdism" (—
David C. Lane
David Christopher Lane (born April 29, 1956 in Burbank, California) is a professor of philosophy and sociology at Mt. San Antonio College, in Walnut, California. He is notable for his book ''The Making of a Spiritual Movement: The Untold Story ...
's term) than Johnson.
''The Path of the Masters''
Johnson's magnum opus, now published as ''The Path of the Masters: The Science of Surat Shabd Yoga: The Yoga of the Audible Life Stream'' (but originally titled ''The Path of the Masters: The Science of Surat Shabda Yoga: Santon ki Shiksha'') is a comprehensive, explicit, systematically organised, meticulous, and polished work on the Path of the Soundstream and Lightstream. Published in France (1939), the USA (1957) and India (slightly revised by the Radha Soami Satsang Beas Publications Committee in 1972 and 1985 to delete provocative language, and extensively revised in 1993,
[The chapters of editions of 1993 and after have been radically rearranged.]) it remains popular among Western adherents of Sant Mat. However, its author's blunt style and now outmoded opinions – influenced by Northern European
racist
Racism is the belief that groups of humans possess different behavioral traits corresponding to inherited attributes and can be divided based on the superiority of one race over another. It may also mean prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism ...
notions then in vogue but now considered politically incorrect — have turned off some modern readers. The text's sheer eloquence, however, has made the work the object of plagiarism by other writers, especially in the United States, where it used to be almost totally unknown to the general reading public. The work appears to have heavily influenced the American
Eckankar
Eckankar is a new religious movement founded by Paul Twitchell in 1965. Its membership today is primarily in North America, Europe, Asia and Africa. The spiritual home is the Temple of ECK in Chanhassen, Minnesota. Eckankar is not affiliated ...
(ECK) religion, and its various offshoots and spin-offs, through ECK founder
Paul Twitchell
Paul Twitchell (born Jacob Paul Twitchell) (died September 17, 1971) was an American author and spiritual teacher who created and directed the development of the new religious movement known as Eckankar. Twitchell described himself as "The Maha ...
's allege
plagiarism– discussed at length and in depth in Prof.
David C. Lane
David Christopher Lane (born April 29, 1956 in Burbank, California) is a professor of philosophy and sociology at Mt. San Antonio College, in Walnut, California. He is notable for his book ''The Making of a Spiritual Movement: The Untold Story ...
's exposé ''The Making of a Spiritual Movement''.
[American religious studies professor David Christopher Lane, a pupil of Prof. ]Mark Juergensmeyer
Mark Juergensmeyer (born 1940 in Carlinville, Illinois) is an American sociologist and scholar specialized in global studies and religious studies, and a writer best known for his studies on comparative religion, religious violence, and global ...
, is known for two achievements: his M.A. thesis ''Radhasoami Mat: Parampara in Definition and Classification (A Genealogical History of the Gaddi Nasheen Lineages Connected with Shiv Dayal Singh)'' at the Graduate Theological Union
The Graduate Theological Union (GTU) is a consortium of eight private independent American theological schools and eleven centers and affiliates. Seven of the theological schools are located in Berkeley, California. The GTU was founded in 1962 ...
, tracing the lineages that descended from Shiv Dayal Singh
Shiv Dayal Singh, called by the honorific "Param Purush Puran Dhani Huzur Soami Ji Maharaj" by his disciples and devotees, was born on 25 August 1818 in Agra in the colonial era British India (present-day Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India), and died ...
(1818–1878) and from Salig Ram
Salig Ram, popularly known by the honorific "Huzur Maharaj" and by the government-conferred title "Rai Bahadur," was born in Peepal Mandi, Agra, on 14 March 1829. He served as chief inspector of post offices in British India, and, in 1881, was ...
(1829–1898), and his documented exposé on Paul Twitchell and his ECK religion. Lane interviewed Sant Darshan Singh (1921–1989) who showed him Twitchell's papers as an initiated disciple of Sant Kirpal Singh (1894–1974), founder of Ruhani Satsang.
Among Western adherents at least, ''The Path of the Masters'' has enjoyed long-time popularity among foreign-language works on Sant Mat.
["best-seller"— Juergensmeyer, ''Radhasoami Reality'', page 208.] A sampling of Johnson's polished prose (1985 pagination) shows the logic that has proven compelling to Western readers, even outside of Sant Mat circles:
[Prof. Lane in ''The Making of a Spiritual Movement'' cites several instances. These include the section "Guarding One's Own Mental Processes" from ''Path of the Masters'', chapter 2 (1974–1990 p. 189; 1985 p. 149; 1993 p. 169), which was published verbatim as an article by U.S. occultist Audrey Kargere in ''Orion Magazine'', v. 10, issue 94, Mar–Apr 1965.]
:* "... if you live rightly among men, and then devote yourself to the practice of the Surat Shabd Yoga, you will enter the kingdom of heaven while you are still living in the body. And that constitutes a world of difference between the spiritual science of the Masters and all religions." —page 57
:* "In the realm of religion, the Master is a paradox. He has no theology, teaches none, yet he is the most religious man on earth. His system is not a religion, yet it leads to the most complete religious experience, and the most happy. He is absolutely universal in all his teachings. He has no creed, yet he never antagonizes any creed, sect or institution. He never condemns any man or any system. He finds no fault with anybody or anything, yet draws the sharpest lines between the good and the bad." —page 162
:* "Each and every man, when properly trained, is able to detach himself from the physical body while still living in that body in perfect health, and then travel to all parts of the outlying universe. Everyone has this ability whether he is conscious of it or not." —page 343
:* "
Vairagya
Vairāgya (वैराग्य) is a Sanskrit term used in Hindu as well as Eastern philosophy that roughly translates as dispassion, detachment, or renunciation, in particular renunciation from the pains and pleasures in the temporary materi ...
is the next important step in mental preparation for the Path,... This means the mental detachment of oneself from the external world. This is real vairagya. It does not in any way teach or imply that one should physically detach himself from the world. He need not leave his family or society, his public or private duties. The Masters never teach that sort of vairagya.... Detachment, as taught by the Masters, does not imply austerities." —pages 357–358
:* "There is but one thing known to human experience which will destroy all lower desires. That is the Audible Life Stream. It is the supreme instrument of deliverance from bondage. It is the one means of detaching us from worldly objects that perish, and of lifting us up to liberty and light.... We shall attain perfect
vairagya
Vairāgya (वैराग्य) is a Sanskrit term used in Hindu as well as Eastern philosophy that roughly translates as dispassion, detachment, or renunciation, in particular renunciation from the pains and pleasures in the temporary materi ...
only when we enter into that divine Stream consciously." —page 364
:* "No man ever gained spiritual freedom, power and happiness by a process of logic, by
''a priori'' ratiocination, by
metaphysics
Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that studies the fundamental nature of reality, the first principles of being, identity and change, space and time, causality, necessity, and possibility. It includes questions about the nature of conscio ...
, by reading books or by listening to lectures. Yet these are the methods employed by the majority of mankind. The Masters solve all their problems by a scientific method as exact and exacting as mathematics. They get their information not by analysis and synthesis but by sight and hearing. Even after they have proved a proposition, they establish no authority except that of truth itself. Authority hampers truth, it throttles free investigation. Authority is an enemy to progress.... This science makes personal experience the final and only court of appeal. Its processes are simple and direct. They can be understood by the most ordinary intelligence, and for that reason the intelligentsia need not become offended at them." —page 404
:* "The Masters and many of their students pass daily through "the gates of death" and hence they know all of the problems connected with the matter. They have explored worlds upon worlds beyond the gates of death. All of this they do in full consciousness as a direct result of their practice of Surat Shabd Yoga." —page 419
:* "In the literature of the Saints, God is expressed by many words, such as
Swami
Swami ( ; sometimes abbreviated sw.) in Hinduism is an honorific title given to a male or female ascetic who has chosen the path of renunciation (''sanyāsa''), or has been initiated into a religious monastic order of Vaishnavas. It is used eith ...
,
Ekankar,
Nirankar
Nirankar ( ) is one of the many attributes associated to God in Sikhism and means ''The Formless One''. The word has its roots in ''nirākārā'' and is a compound of two words "Nir" meaning Without and Akar (or Akaar), Shape or Form; hence, T ...
, Radhaswami,
Akal, Nirala, Anami, Agam, Alakh, Sat
Purush,
Prabhu
''Prabhu'' means master or the Prince in Sanskrit and many of the Indian languages; it is a name sometimes applied to God. The term is also used by devotees of the Hindu God Lord Krishna/Vishnu as a title and form of address. It is also appended ...
, Prabhswami,
Hari
Hari ( sa, हरि) is among the primary epithets of the Hindu preserver deity Vishnu, meaning 'the one who takes away' (sins). It refers to the one who removes darkness and illusion, the one who removes all obstacles to spiritual progress ...
Ray, Akshar,
Parameshwar, Akshar Purush, etc. All of these words have been coined in an effort to convey to human intelligence some idea of what the Saints think of God, or Lord God, the highest power.
Ekankar means the “One oneness,” the body of oneness.
Nirankar
Nirankar ( ) is one of the many attributes associated to God in Sikhism and means ''The Formless One''. The word has its roots in ''nirākārā'' and is a compound of two words "Nir" meaning Without and Akar (or Akaar), Shape or Form; hence, T ...
means without body or form. Soami or Swami means the all-pervading Lord. Radha Swami ‒ Radha (soul) and Swami (Lord) ‒ the Lord of the soul ‒ Radha, when reversed, becomes dhara or current. As soul has to revert to its source, so its dhara, when reversed, when its current is turned toward God, becomes Radha. ... The whole universe is considered as one, the true
Ekankar." —pages 221–222
Photos
Published photographs of Julian and Elizabeth Rose Johnson include:
* Identification photo of face of Julian Johnson on jackets of ''With a Great Master in India'' and ''The Path of the Masters'
* Small photo captioned: "In front of Dr. Johnson's meditation cave. Dera, 1938. (L-R) Mr. Elliot, Mrs. Indumati Rajwade, Mrs. Johnson, Dr. Johnson." —
Charan Singh (guru), Maharaj Charan Singh, ''Spiritual Heritage'', Punjab: Radha Soami Satsang Beas, 1983, photographic plate, no page number.
* The same photo immediately above, slightly larger, captioned as: "18. Julian Johnson, on the right, at his meditation cave in Beas" in Juergensmeyer, ''Radhasoami Reality'', page 210.
* The same photo above, on the cover of ''The Mystery of Dr. Johnson's Death''.
* Photo captioned: "Seated, (left to right): Mrs. Johnson; Dr. Pierre Schmidt; the Master; Mrs. Schmidt; Dr. Julian Johnson; and others, 1938." — ''Glimpses of the Great Master'', Hong Kong: Mrs. Cami Moss, June 1986, pages 124–125.
* Photo captioned: "Left to right: Mr. R.C. Mehta; Rani Indumati Rajwade and Mrs. and Dr. Julian Johnson." — ''Glimpses of the Great Master'', page 126.
* Photo captioned: "The Master talking to Mrs. Johnson and disciple." — ''Glimpses of the Great Master'', page 126.
* Photo captioned: "Seated, (left to right): L. Har Narayan; Huzur Maharaj Ji; Sardar R.B. Narain Singh. Standing, (left to right): Mrs. Hilda Korbel; Dr. Julian Johnson; Sardar Bhagat Singh and Mrs. Johnson." — ''Glimpses of the Great Master'', page 127.
* Five photographs in David Lane'
The Lost Biography
Notes
References
Bibliography
Gold, Daniel(PhD), 1987, ''The Lord as Guru: Hindi Sants in North Indian Tradition'', New York:
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the university press of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world, and its printing history dates back to the 1480s. Having been officially granted the legal right to print books ...
, 1987.
*
Guiley, Rosemary Ellen, 1991, ''Harper's Encyclopedia of Mystical and Paranormal Experience'', HarperSanFrancisco,
HarperCollins
HarperCollins Publishers LLC is one of the Big Five English-language publishing companies, alongside Penguin Random House, Simon & Schuster, Hachette, and Macmillan. The company is headquartered in New York City and is a subsidiary of News Cor ...
.
* Johnson, Julian, ''Call of the East: The Autobiography of an American Surgeon'', Lāhore, Pañjāb: Sawan Service League, 1936.
* ___, ''The Path of the Masters: The Science of Surat Shabd Yoga: The Yoga of the Audible Life Stream'', France, 1939; USA, 1957; Beās, East Pañjāb: Radha Soami Satsang Beas, 1972, 1985, 1993.
* ___, ''With a Great Master in India'', Beās, East Pañjāb: Radha Soami Satsang Beas, 1934, 1982, 1988, 1994.
*
Juergensmeyer, Mark (PhD), 1991, ''Radhasoami Reality: The Logic of a Modern Faith'', Princeton, New Jersey:
Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University. Its mission is to disseminate scholarship within academia and society at large.
The press was founded by Whitney Darrow, with the financial su ...
.
*
Klemp, Harold, 1989, ''The Secret Teachings'', Crystal, Minnesota: Illuminated Way Publishing.
*
Lane, David Christopher (PhD), ''The Making of a Spiritual Movement: The Untold Story of Paul Twitchell and Eckankar'', Del Mar, California: Del Mar Press, 1990. . 1993, . ()
* ___, ''The Mystery of Dr. Johnson's Death: A Scandal in the Punjab'', Mt. San Antonio College, 2017.
Schomer, Karine(PhD) &
William Hewat McLeod (PhD), eds, 1987, ''The Sants: Studies in a Devotional Tradition of India'', Delhi:
Motilal Banarsidass
Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House (MLBD) is an Indian academic publishing house, founded in Delhi, India in 1903. It publishes and distributes serials, monographs, and scholarly publications on Asian religions, Buddhology, Indology, Easte ...
, 1987. (Anthology of academic papers presented at the 1978
Berkeley
Berkeley most often refers to:
*Berkeley, California, a city in the United States
**University of California, Berkeley, a public university in Berkeley, California
* George Berkeley (1685–1753), Anglo-Irish philosopher
Berkeley may also refer ...
conference on the Sants sponsored by the
Graduate Theological Union
The Graduate Theological Union (GTU) is a consortium of eight private independent American theological schools and eleven centers and affiliates. Seven of the theological schools are located in Berkeley, California. The GTU was founded in 1962 ...
and the Center for South and Southeast Asia Studies,
University of California
The University of California (UC) is a public land-grant research university system in the U.S. state of California. The system is composed of the campuses at Berkeley, Davis, Irvine, Los Angeles, Merced, Riverside, San Diego, San Francisco, ...
).
* Twitchell, Paul, 1971, ''The Far Country'', Menlo Park, California: Illuminated Way Press; Minneapolis: ECKANKAR.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Julian
1867 births
1939 deaths
Mysticism
Sant Mat
Surat Shabd Yoga
American surgeons