Jovan Samuilović Horvat de Kurtič, also referred to as Ivan Horvat ( sr-Cyrl, Јован Самуиловић Хорват de Куртич, also referred to as ; also known as Jovan Horvat ( sr-Cyrl, Јован Хорват), Ivan Khorvat (russian: Иван Хорват), Ivan Samoylovich Khorvat (russian: Иван Самойлович Хорват), and Ivan Samuilovich Khorvat (russian: Иван Самуилович Хорват);

Petrovaradin Petrovaradin ( sr-cyr, Петроварадин, ) is a historic town in the Serbian province of Vojvodina, now a part of the city of Novi Sad. As of 2011, the urban area has 14,810 inhabitants. Lying on the right bank of the Danube, across from t ...

, Habsburg monarchy, 1722 — Stary Saltiv, near

Kharkiv Kharkiv ( uk, wikt:Харків, Ха́рків, ), also known as Kharkov (russian: Харькoв, ), is the second-largest List of cities in Ukraine, city and List of hromadas of Ukraine, municipality in Ukraine.Imperial Russia, 18 November 1786''Ганул А.М.'' Адміністративно-господарська діяльність генерала Івана Хорвата в Новій Сербії (1751–1786)
�екст: дис. ... канд. іст. наук : 07.00.02 / Ганул Антон Миколайович ; М-во освіти і науки України, Київ. нац. ун-т ім. Тараса Шевченка. – К., 2018. – С. 194.''Ганул А.М.'' Документи фондів Харківського намісницького та Чугуївського духовного правлінь (1786–1787 рр.) як джерело з датування смерті Івана Хорвата // Історико-краєзнавчі дослідження: традиції та інновації : матеріали II міжнародної наукової конференції. Частина II. – Суми, 2016. – С. 63–66.
/ref>''Hanul A.'' The life of a serbian general Ivan Horvat from rise to fall (1722–1786) // Српске студиje. – Београд: Службени гласник, 2016. – Књ. 7. – С. 130
/ref>), was a Russian general of Serbian origin who founded New Serbia in the modern

Kirovohrad Oblast Kirovohrad Oblast ( uk, Кіровоградська область, translit=Kirovohradska oblast; also referred to as Kirovohradschyna — uk, Кіровоградщина) is an oblast (province) of Ukraine. The administrative center of the ...

Biography

Jovan Horvat's ancestors were originally from

Slavonia Slavonia (; hr, Slavonija) is, with Dalmatia, Croatia proper, and Istria, one of the four historical regions of Croatia. Taking up the east of the country, it roughly corresponds with five Croatian counties: Brod-Posavina, Osijek-Baran ...

. In the 1670s, his grandfather Marko Kurtić settled in the Habsburg

Military Frontier The Military Frontier (german: Militärgrenze, sh-Latn, Vojna krajina/Vojna granica, Војна крајина/Војна граница; hu, Katonai határőrvidék; ro, Graniță militară) was a borderland of the Habsburg monarchy and ...

. Marko distinguished himself in the Austrian military fighting ancestral enemies and earned a patent of nobility and a coat of arms from Emperor Leopold I. His son Samuil became a landowner in a village named after the family,

Curtici Curtici ( Hungarian: ''Kürtös'', German: ''Kurtitsch'') is a town located in Arad County, in western Romania. The town is situated at a distance from the county capital, Arad, in the western part of Arad County. It is the most important rail ...

, near Arad. In 1726 Samuil received a Nobiliary particle de Kurtič ( sr, / ) from Charles VI after serving as governor of Waradin (now Oradea, Romania). Later, Samuil's son Jovan, born in Petrovaradin in 1722, would carry the nobiliary particle proudly as he advanced through military ranks in an Austrian infantry regiment and later in Russia where his title was also recognized. In 1751 Jovan Samuilović Horvat de Kurtič, his brother Dimitrije, and Nikola and Teodor Chorba contacted

Mikhail Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin Count Mikhail Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin (Михаи́л Петро́вич Бесту́жев-Рю́мин; 1688 in Moscow – 1760 in Paris) was a Russian diplomat. He was the son of Pyotr Bestuzhev-Ryumin and elder brother of the more famous ...

, the Russian Ambassador to Austria, and requested his permission to migrate to Russia. Bestuzhev-Ryumin accepted their request on the condition that it be approved by the Russian Government. The Government not only approved their immigration but offered them and their families citizenship and employment in the Russian military. In fact, all the families of the officers who served in the Austrian military were granted citizenship and all officers were given jobs in the Russian army. While waiting for a response from

St. Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

, Jovan Horvat, along with 281 other military officers and subalterns submitted their resignation request to the ''

Hofkriegsrat The ''Hofkriegsrat'' (or Aulic War Council, sometimes Imperial War Council) established in 1556 was the central military administrative authority of the Habsburg monarchy until 1848 and the predecessor of the Austro-Hungarian Ministry of War. Th ...

'', the Aulic War Council of Austria, so that they could be released from the Austrian military and transfer into Russian service. Their resignations were immediately forwarded to Maria Theresa, the Austrian Empress who at the time was on friendly terms with the Russian Empress, had no problem discharging and freeing them from their obligations. On the 13th of July 1751, Ambassador Bestuzhev-Ryumin received confirmation from Empress

Elizabeth of Russia Elizabeth Petrovna (russian: Елизаве́та (Елисаве́та) Петро́вна) (), also known as Yelisaveta or Elizaveta, reigned as Empress of Russia from 1741 until her death in 1762. She remains one of the most popular List of ...

that Horvat and the other officers were given permission to leave for Russia and that jobs would be made available for them in the Russian military. Horvat eventually would be promoted to General and the other officers who showed equal ''élan'' achieved high ranks in the Russian military as well. Bestuzhev-Ryumin, his secretary Chemyev, Horvat and brothers Nikola, Todor and Jovan Chorba, Jovan Šević, and Rajko Depreradović set out to organize the migration in three groups. Led by Jovan Horvat, a convoy of officers and their families and others left Austria and arrived in Imperial Russia at the end of September 1751. Most of the settlements were named after the ones in their homeland. With the Empress's consent, Jovan Horvat built the foundation of the Fort of St. Elizabeth (named in honor of her Saint patroness, now located in today's

Kropyvnytskyi Kropyvnytskyi ( uk, Кропивницький, Kropyvnytskyi ) is a city in central Ukraine on the Inhul river with a population of . It is an administrative center of the Kirovohrad Oblast. Over its history, Kropyvnytskyi has changed its nam ...

, an administrative center of the

). The fort would play an important role in Russia's victory over Turkey. After the

Russo-Turkish War The Russo-Turkish wars (or Ottoman–Russian wars) were a series of twelve wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 20th centuries. It was one of the longest series of military conflicts in European histo ...

, Lieutenant General Peter Tekeli who was the commander of all armed forces stationed in

Novorossiya Novorossiya, literally "New Russia", is a historical name, used during the era of the Russian Empire for an administrative area that would later become the southern mainland of Ukraine: the region immediately north of the Black Sea and Crimea. ...

(formerly New Serbia and Slavo-Serbia), used the Fort of St. Elizabeth to disband the

Zaporozhian Cossacks The Zaporozhian Cossacks, Zaporozhian Cossack Army, Zaporozhian Host, (, or uk, Військо Запорізьке, translit=Viisko Zaporizke, translit-std=ungegn, label=none) or simply Zaporozhians ( uk, Запорожці, translit=Zaporoz ...

and destroy their base, the

Zaporozhian Sich The Zaporozhian Sich ( ua, Запорозька Січ, ; also uk, Вольностi Вiйська Запорозького Низового, ; Free lands of the Zaporozhian Host the Lower) was a semi-autonomous polity and proto-state of Co ...

in 1775. In the New Serbian corpus founded in 1759 that united the regiments under his command, Horvat saw the possibility for the formation of the Serbian national core on the territory of the Russian Empire. He formed and was the head of the executive power with departments for military affairs, foreign affairs, economy, and finances, though he made many enemies along the way, namely Simeon Piščević as attested by his memoir. The Supreme Court, which he initiated and founded, was the same court that sentenced him in exile for alleged abuse of power and corruption. Thus by decree of Catherine the Great, he was dismissed in 1762 and expelled to

Vologda Vologda ( rus, Вологда, p=ˈvoləɡdə) is a city and the administrative center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the river Vologda within the watershed of the Northern Dvina. Population: The city serves as a major transport hu ...

, at the time an insignificant town of Archangelgorod Governorate. He was eventually pardoned by Empress Catherine and allowed to return only after Peter Tekeli's intervention in 1775. Jovan Horvat died in 1786 on his estate at the age of 64.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Horvat, Jovan 1723 births 1786 deaths Russian people of Serbian descent

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...

Immigration to Russia Serb diaspora 18th-century Serbian people 18th-century people from the Russian Empire Imperial Russian Army generals People from the Russian Empire of Serbian descent

Biography

See also

References