José Tolentino Calaça de Mendonça (born 15 December 1965) is a Portuguese prelate of the

Roman Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

. A theologian and university professor, he is also regarded as one of the most original voices of modern Portuguese literature and a Catholic intellectual. His work includes poetry, essays and plays that he signs José Tolentino Mendonça. He was appointed prefect of the

Dicastery for Culture and Education The Dicastery for Culture and Education is an administrative unit of the Roman Curia. It began operations on 5 June 2022 as established by the apostolic constitution ''Praedicate evangelium'' promulgated on 19 March 2022. It was formed through t ...

in September 2022. An

archbishop In Christian denominations, an archbishop is a bishop of higher rank or office. In most cases, such as the Catholic Church, there are many archbishops who either have jurisdiction over an ecclesiastical province in addition to their own archdio ...

since July 2018, he was

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and Librarian of the Holy Roman Church from 2018 to 2022. Pope Francis created him

cardinal Cardinal or The Cardinal may refer to: Animals * Cardinal (bird) or Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds **'' Cardinalis'', genus of cardinal in the family Cardinalidae **'' Cardinalis cardinalis'', or northern cardinal, t ...

on 5 October 2019. Since 2020, he has been a member of the

Third Order of Saint Dominic The Third Order of Saint Dominic ( la, Tertius Ordo Praedicatorum; abbreviated TOP), also referred to as the Lay Fraternities of Saint Dominic or Lay Dominicans since 1972, is a Roman Catholic third order affiliated with the Dominican Order. Lay ...

Biography

Family

The youngest of five children, de Mendonça was born on the island of

Madeira ) , anthem = ( en, "Anthem of the Autonomous Region of Madeira") , song_type = Regional anthem , image_map=EU-Portugal_with_Madeira_circled.svg , map_alt=Location of Madeira , map_caption=Location of Madeira , subdivision_type=Sovereign st ...

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of th ...

on 15 December 1965. He spent his earliest years in Angola, in several coastal towns where his father was a fisherman. He left Africa at the age of nine when Portugal withdrew from its African colonies. Cardinal José Tolentino de Mendonça

Priest and Academic

In 1989, he graduated with the equivalent of a bachelor's degree in theology from the

Portuguese Catholic University The Catholic University of Portugal (Portuguese: ''Universidade Católica Portuguesa'', pronounced nivɨɾsiˈðad(ɨ) kɐˈtɔlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ, also referred to as Católica or UCP for short, is a concordat university (non-state-run univers ...

(UCP). He was ordained a priest for the

Diocese of Funchal The Diocese of Funchal ( la, Dioecesis Funchalensis) was created originally on 12 June 1514, by bull ''Pro excellenti præeminentia'' of Pope Leo X, following the elevation of Funchal from a village to the status of city, by King Manuel I of Po ...

, Madeira, on 28 July 1990. That same year he published his first book of poems, ''Os Dias Contados''. In 1992, he was awarded a master's degree in biblical sciences at the

Pontifical Biblical Institute The Pontifical Biblical Institute (also known as Biblicum) is a research and postgraduate teaching institution specialised in biblical and ancient Near Eastern studies. It is an institution of the Holy See entrusted to the Society of Jesus. His ...

in Rome. In 2004, he earned a doctorate in biblical theology at the

(UCP). He has fulfilled pastoral assignments, first of all at the parish of Nossa Senhora do Livramento in

Funchal Funchal () is the largest city, the municipal seat and the capital of Portugal's Autonomous Region of Madeira, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean. The city has a population of 105,795, making it the sixth largest city in Portugal. Because of its hig ...

from 1992 to 1995, then as chaplain at the UCP for 5 years. He next served the parish of Santa Isabel in Lisbon and then became rector of the chapel of Nossa Senhora da Bonanza, better known as Capela do Rato, in 2010. On 4 August 2021, de Mendonça made his vows as a member of the

at a ceremony held at the São Domingos convent in Lisbon and presided over Mass following the ceremony in which he received the white habit. In his capacity as a member in the secular order, he does not possess any obligations towards the official Dominican hierarchy, but he commits to the charism of the Dominicans and to live in accordance with their style. He made his initial rite of admission to and received the habit from Father José Nunes, the prior provincial for the Portuguese Dominicans. De Mendonça's assignments following his ordination included academic appointments as a lecturer at the diocesan seminary of Funchal, the rector of the Pontifical Portuguese College in Rome, and a lecturer at the Portuguese Catholic University. He was visiting professor the Catholic University of Pernambuco (Unicap), Brazil, the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro and the Jesuit School of Philosophy and Theology of

Belo Horizonte Belo Horizonte (, ; ) is the sixth-largest city in Brazil, with a population around 2.7 million and with a metropolitan area of 6 million people. It is the 13th-largest city in South America and the 18th-largest in the Americas. The metropol ...

(Faje). In Lisbon, he joined the UCP faculty as an assistant (1996-1999), assistant professor (2005-2015), and associate professor. The UCP appointed him Vice-Rector in 2012 and Dean of the Faculty of Theology in 2018. During the academic year 2011-12, he was a Straus Fellow at New York University, joining an international team of researchers working on the theme "Religion and Public Reason". Mgr José Tolentino Mendonça

At the service of culture

De Mendonça was the first director of the National Secretariat of the Pastoral of Culture from 2004 to 2014, an institution created by the Portuguese Episcopal Conference to promote dialogue between the Church and the broader cultural milieu of the country. After attending a meeting with

Pope Benedict XVI Pope Benedict XVI ( la, Benedictus XVI; it, Benedetto XVI; german: link=no, Benedikt XVI.; born Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger, , on 16 April 1927) is a retired prelate of the Catholic church who served as the head of the Church and the sovereig ...

bringing together a large number of artists in 2009, he said that the Pope's gesture of hospitality was appreciated. Benedict pointed out that "within the Church, within the Christian space, they have their home, a sort of homeland". In 2011 Benedict XVI appointed him a consultor of the

Pontifical Council for Culture The Pontifical Council for Culture ( la, Pontificium Consilium de Cultura) was a dicastery of the Roman Curia charged with fostering the relationship of the Catholic Church with different cultures. It was erected by Pope John Paul II on 20 May ...

Pope Francis Pope Francis ( la, Franciscus; it, Francesco; es, link=, Francisco; born Jorge Mario Bergoglio, 17 December 1936) is the head of the Catholic Church. He has been the bishop of Rome and sovereign of the Vatican City State since 13 March 2013 ...

reappointed him to this position in 2016. In 2018 Pope Francis invited de Mendonça to preach the Lenten Retreat of the Roman Curia. Besides the Bible, his comments referenced many writers, such as

Fernando Pessoa Fernando António Nogueira Pessoa (; 13 June 1888 – 30 November 1935) was a Portuguese poet, writer, literary critic, translator, publisher, and philosopher, described as one of the most significant literary figures of the 20th century and ...

Roland Barthes Roland Gérard Barthes (; ; 12 November 1915 – 26 March 1980) was a French literary theorist, essayist, philosopher, critic, and semiotician. His work engaged in the analysis of a variety of sign systems, mainly derived from Western popular ...

Clarice Lispector Clarice Lispector (born Chaya Pinkhasivna Lispector ( uk, Хая Пінкасівна Ліспектор); December 10, 1920December 9, 1977) was a Ukrainian-born Brazilian novelist and short story writer. Her innovative, idiosyncratic works exp ...

Françoise Dolto Françoise Dolto (; November 6, 1908 – August 25, 1988) was a French pediatrician and psychoanalyst. Biography Born as Françoise Marette, she was the daughter of an affluent far-right royalist family of traditional Catholics in Paris. Her ...

Etty Hillesum Esther (Etty) Hillesum (15 January 1914 – 30 November 1943) was the Dutch author of confessional letters and diaries which describe both her religious awakening and the persecutions of Jewish people in Amsterdam during the German occupation. I ...

and

Blaise Pascal Blaise Pascal ( , , ; ; 19 June 1623 – 19 August 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, and Catholic Church, Catholic writer. He was a child prodigy who was educated by his father, a tax collector in Rouen. Pa ...

. He commented: "Sometimes writers are important spiritual masters." He also mentioned that he tells his biblical students that "a biblical scholar or a priest must see many movies, listen to a lot of music and get in touch with the arts world". These sermons were published under the title ''Elogio da Sede'' with a preface by Pope Francis. In January 2020, de Mendonça was part of the scientific commission for the 700th anniversary of

Dante Alighieri Dante Alighieri (; – 14 September 1321), probably baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri and often referred to as Dante (, ), was an Italian poet, writer and philosopher. His ''Divine Comedy'', originally called (modern Italian: '' ...

's death (1265-1321) organized by the

. In February 2020,

appointed de Mendonça as a member of the

, chaired by Cardinal

Gianfranco Ravasi Gianfranco Ravasi (born 18 October 1942) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church and a biblical scholar. A cardinal since 2010, he was President of the Pontifical Council for Culture from 2007 to 2022. He headed Milan's Ambrosian Library ...

. De Mendonça had been a consultor between 2011 and 2018. On 13 June 2020, de Mendonça is laureate of ''Prémio Europeu Helena Vaz da Silva'' because of "the ability he shows in spreading beauty and poetry as part of the intangible cultural heritage of

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

and the world". De Mendonça has published numerous collections of essays, spiritual writings, poems and sermons under the name José Tolentino Mendonça. This work addresses the major themes of the Christian canon by placing them in dialogue with life. The relationship between Christianity and culture is at the heart of his writings. As a theologian and religious thinker, he has sought to discover spiritual life in places which have not always been looked at, and he has striven to encourage the Church to be more relevant and more engaged there. His books have been great successes in Portugal and are increasingly translated and published abroad. He has received numerous literary prizes and awards.

Bishop and cardinal

At the end of June 2018, Pope Francis named de Mendonça Vatican archivist and Librarian of the Holy Roman Church as of 1 September and appointed him titular archbishop of Suava. On 28 July, Archbishop

Manuel Clemente Manuel José Macário do Nascimento Clemente, GCC (; born 16 July 1948), officially Manuel III, is a Portuguese prelate of the Catholic Church. He has been the Metropolitan Patriarch of Lisbon since 18 May 2013 and a cardinal since 14 February ...

, Cardinal Patriarch of Lisbon, consecrated him a bishop assisted by Cardinal

António Marto António Augusto dos Santos Marto GCIH (; born 5 May 1947) is a Portuguese prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as the Bishop of Leiria-Fátima from 2006 to 2022. Pope Francis elevated him to cardinal on 28 June 2018. Biography Early life ...

, Bishop of Leiria-Fátima, and

Teodoro de Faria ''Dom'' Teodoro de Faria GOIH (Funchal, August 24, 1930), is Madeiran Catholic clergyman who was Bishop of Funchal between 1982-2007 and is currently Emeritus Bishop of the same diocese. Career Teodoro was ordained priest on September 22, 1 ...

, Bishop Emeritus of Funchal who had ordained him a priest in July 1990. On 5 October 2019, Pope Francis made him a

Cardinal Deacon A cardinal ( la, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinalis, literally 'cardinal of the Holy Roman Church') is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church. Cardinals are created by the ruling pope and typically hold the title for life. Col ...

and assigned him the church of

Santi Domenico e Sisto The Church of Santi Domenico e Sisto is one of the titular churches in Rome, Italy in the care of the Roman Catholic Order of Preachers, better known as the Dominicans. It is located at No. 1 Largo Angelicum on the Quirinal Hill on the camp ...

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

. He was made a member of the

on 21 February 2020. On 17 November 2020,

appointed de Mendonça a member of the

Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples A congregation is a large gathering of people, often for the purpose of worship. Congregation may also refer to: * Church (congregation), a Christian organization meeting in a particular place for worship *Congregation (Roman Curia), an administr ...

presided over by Cardinal

Luis Antonio Tagle Luis Antonio Gokim Tagle ( ; ; born June 21, 1957) is a Filipino prelate of the Catholic Church currently serving as the Pro-Prefect for the Section of Evangelization of Dicastery for Evangelization (formerly the Congregation for the Evangeli ...

. On 30 April 2022,

appointed de Mendonça a member of the

Congregation for the Causes of Saints In the Catholic Church, the Dicastery for the Causes of Saints, previously named the Congregation for the Causes of Saints (), is the dicastery of the Roman Curia that oversees the complex process that leads to the canonization of saints, pa ...

, presided over by Cardinal

Marcello Semeraro Marcello Semeraro (born 22 December 1947) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who has been the Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints since October 2020. He was previously Bishop of Albano and secretary to the group of ca ...

. On 13 July 2022

appointed 13 new members to the

Dicastery for Bishops The Dicastery for Bishops, formerly named Congregation for Bishops (), is the department of the Roman Curia that oversees the selection of most new bishops. Its proposals require papal approval to take effect, but are usually followed. The Dica ...

, including 3 women. Cardinal Tolentino de Mendonça is one of the 11 other members of this dicastery, whose prefect is Cardinal

Marc Ouellet Marc Armand Ouellet (born 8 June 1944) is a Canadian prelate of the Catholic Church. He has been the prefect of the Congregation for Bishops and president of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America since his appointment by Pope Benedict XVI ...

. On 26 September 2022, Pope Francis named him prefect of the Dicastery for Culture and Education.

Writings

in Portuguese

* ‘’Os dias contados’’ (poetry, 1990) * ‘’As estratégias do desejo: um discurso bíblico sobre a sexualidade’’ (essay, 1994) * ‘’Longe não sabia’’ (poetry, 1997) * ‘’A que distância deixaste o coração (poetry, 1998) * ‘’Se eu quiser falar com Deus (1996) * ‘’Baldios’’ (poetry, 1999) * ‘’Cântico dos Cânticos’’ (1999) * ‘’De Igual para Igual’’ (poetry, 2000) * ’’A construção de Jesus: uma leitura narrativa de Lucas 7,36-50’’ (essay, 2004) * ‘’A estrada branca’’ (poetry, 2005) * ’’Perdoar Helena’’ (play, 2005) * ‘’Tábuas de pedra’’ (poetry, 2006) * ‘’A noite abre os meus olhos’’ (poetry, 2006) * ‘’Pentateuco’’ (2006) * ‘’Bíblia ilustrada’’ (4 books, 2007) * ‘’A leitura infinita. Bíblia e interpretação’’ (essay, 2008) * ‘’O Viajante sem sono’’ (poetry, 2009) * ‘’Histórias escolhidas da Bíblia’’ (2009) * ‘’O tesouro escondido’’ (essay, 2011) * ‘’Um deus que dança’’ (prayers, 2011) * ‘’Pai-nosso que estais na terra’’ (essay, 2011) * ‘’Nenhum caminho será longo’’ (essay, 2012) * ‘’O hipopótamo de Deus’’ (essay, 2013) * ‘’Os rostos de Jesus’’ (2013) * ‘’A papoila e o monge’’ (poetry, 2013) * ’’O estado do bosque’’ (play, 2013) * ‘’A mística do instante’’ (essay, 2014) * ‘’A leitura infinita’’ (essay, 2014) * ‘’Estação central’’ (poetry, 2015) * ‘’Que coisa são as nuvens’’ (a selection of the best stories published by the weekly

Expresso Expresso may refer to: * Espresso, a coffee beverage * eXpresso, a hosted workspace for Microsoft Office communities * Expresso (Donkey Kong), a character in the ''Donkey Kong Country'' series * ''Expresso'' (newspaper), based in Lisbon, Portug ...

, 2015) * ‘’Esperar contra toda a esperança’’ (essay, 2015) * ‘’Desporto, ética e transcendência’’ (essay, 2015) * ‘’A construção de Jesus’’ (essay, 2015) * ‘’Corrigir os que erram’’ (essay, 2016) * ‘’Teoria da fronteira’’ (poetry, 2017) * ‘’Libertar o tempo. Para uma arte espiritual do presente‘’ (essay, 2017) * ‘’O pequeno caminho das grandes perguntas‘’ (essay, 2017) * ‘’Elogio da sede’’ (essays delivered at the Lenten retreat preached before the pope and the Roman Curia, 2018) * ‘’Requiem pela Aurora de Amanhã’’ (libretto for a work composed by João Madureira marking the centenary of the end of World War I; it premiered on 20 July 2018 in the

Jerónimos Monastery The Jerónimos Monastery or Hieronymites Monastery ( pt, Mosteiro dos Jerónimos, ) is a former monastery of the Order of Saint Jerome near the Tagus river in the parish of Belém, in the Lisbon Municipality, Portugal. It became the necropolis o ...

in Belém.) *‘’Nos passos de Etty Hillesum’’, with co-editor Filipe Condado (photos), (photobiography, 2019) * ‘’Uma Beleza que nos Pertence (Aforismos)‘’ (essay, 2019) * ‘’Palavra e Vida 2020 O Evangelho comentado cada dia‘’(commentary of each daily

gospel Gospel originally meant the Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words an ...

of the year, 2019) * ‘’O que é amar um país‘’ (essay, 2020) * ‘’Rezar de olhos abertos‘’ (prayers, 2020) * ‘’Introdução a pintura rupestre’’ (poetry, 2021) * ‘’Metamorfose necessária (Reler São Paulo’’ (essay, 2022)

in English

*''Hidden Treasure: The Art of Searching Within'' (Alba House, 2014) *''Our Father who Art on Earth: The Lord's Prayer for Believers and Unbelievers'' (Paulist Press, 2013) *''No Journey Will Be Too Long: Friendship in Christian Life'' (Paulist Press, 2015) *''Religion and Culture in the Process of Global Change: Portuguese Perspectives'', with co-editors Alfredo Teixeira, Alexandre Palma (Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change, Series VIII, Vol. 19, Council for Research in Values & Philosophy, 2016) *''Jesus and the Woman: Revealing God's Mercy'' (Paulist Press, 2017) *''Thirst: Our Desire for God, God's Desire for Us'' (Paulist Press, 2019), retreat preached before the Pope and the Roman Curia during Lent 2018

Honours and Awards

Honours

PRT_Order_of_Prince_Henry_-_Commander_BAR

Commander of the

Order of Prince Henry The Order of Prince Henry ( pt, Ordem do Infante Dom Henrique) is a Portuguese order of knighthood created on 2 June 1960, to commemorate the quincentenary of the death of the Portuguese prince Henry the Navigator, one of the main initiators of ...

, 28 June 2001 * PRT_Order_of_Saint_James_of_the_Sword_-_Commander_BAR

Commander of the

Military Order of Saint James of the Sword The Military Order of Saint James of the Sword ( pt, Ordem Militar de Sant'Iago da Espada) is a Portuguese order of chivalry. Its full name is the Ancient, Most Noble and Enlightened Military Order of Saint James of the Sword, of the Scientifi ...

, 4 December 2015 *Medal of Merit of the

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, 14 November 2019. * The President of the Portuguese Republic, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, chooses Tolentino de Mendonça to preside over the celebrations of 10 June 2020, the Day of Portugal, Camões and the Portuguese Communities, at the monastery of Jerónimos in Belém

Coat of Arms

Awards

*Laureate of ''Prémio Cidade de Lisboa de Poesia'' (1998) *''PEN Clube Português'' Award (2005) *

Inês de Castro Inês de Castro (; in Castilian: Inés; 1325 – 7 January 1355) was a Galician noblewoman and courtier, best known as lover and posthumously-recognized wife of King Peter I of Portugal. The dramatic circumstances of her relationship with Peter ...

Foundation Literary Award (2009) * Finalist of the

Casino da Póvoa 280px, Casino da Póvoa Francisco.almeida.23 on instagram. Casino da Póvoa (English: Póvoa Casino) is a casino located in Póvoa de Varzim in Portugal. It is a gaming and entertainment venue since early 1930s, the building has a Garnier-inspire ...

Literary Award (2011) * Finalist of the

Literary Award (2015) * Literary Award ''Res Magnae'' (Italy, 2015) * Grand Award APE/CM of

Loulé Loulé () is a city and municipality in the region of Algarve, district of Faro, Portugal. In 2011, the population of the entire municipality was 70,622 inhabitants, in an area of approximately . The municipality has two principal cities: Loulé ...

- for "Que coisa são as nuvens" (2016) * Grande Poetry Award

Teixeira de Pascoaes Joaquim Pereira Teixeira de Vasconcelos (2 November 1877, Amarante Municipality, Portugal - 14 December 1952, Gatão, Portugal), better known by his pen name Teixeira de Pascoaes, was a Portuguese poet. He was nominated five times for the Nobe ...

(2016) for "A noite abre os meus olhos" *''Capri-San Michele'' Special Award (Italy, 2017) *''A life of ... passion'' Award (Italy,

Avvenire ''Avvenire'' (English: "Future") is an Italian daily newspaper which is affiliated with the Catholic Church and is based in Milan. History and profile ''Avvenire'' was founded in 1968 in Milan through the merger of two Catholic newspapers: ''L' ...

, 2018) * Co-winner of the "Cassidorio il Grande" Prize (Italy, 2019) *

University of Coimbra The University of Coimbra (UC; pt, Universidade de Coimbra, ) is a Public university, public research university in Coimbra, Portugal. First established in Lisbon in 1290, it went through a number of relocations until moving permanently to Coi ...

Award (2021) * Winner of

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Award for spiritual literature and religious poetry (Italy, 2021)

Others

* Top 100 Most Influential Portuguese of 2012 by

magazine (2012) * In June 2019, the weekly magazine of

included de Mendonça on its list of the fifty "mighty, influent, innovative, provocative and eminent people who marked our life during the past year". * The editorial team at

chose de Mendonça as their Portuguese personality of the year for 2019. *January 2020: de Mendonça is part of the scientific commission for the 700th anniversary of

's death (1265-1321) chaired by Cardinal

. An initiative organized by the

. *The President of the Portuguese Republic,

Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa Marcelo Nuno Duarte Rebelo de Sousa (; born 12 December 1948) is a Portuguese politician and academic. He is the List of presidents of Portugal, 20th and current president of Portugal, since 9 March 2016. He is a member of the Social Democrati ...

, chooses Tolentino de Mendonça to preside over the ceremony marking

Portugal Day ) , type = National holiday , longtype = National Day , image = EstatuaCamoesLisboa.JPG , caption = Monument to Luís de Camões in Lisbon, Portugal (May 2005) , official_name = ''Dia de Portugal, de Camões e das Comu ...

of 10 June 2020 in the

in Belém * On 14 December 2021 Cardinal D. José Tolentino de Mendonça becomes an honorary member of the Portuguese Naval Academy in a ceremony presided over by the President of the Portuguese Republic,

* On 18 December 2022 the Cardinal wins the first edition of the Ilídio Pinho Grand Prize in a ceremony presided over by the President of the Portuguese Republic,

. The prize aims to honour personalities dedicated to the "promotion and defence of the universal values of portugality".

References

;Additional sources *

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Mendonca, Jose Tolentino de 1965 births Living people People from Machico, Madeira 21st-century Portuguese cardinals Portuguese Roman Catholic religious writers Portuguese Roman Catholic theologians Catholic University of Portugal alumni Portuguese poets Cardinals created by Pope Francis Members of the Dominican Order Lay Dominicans Dominican cardinals Portuguese Dominicans Archivists Librarians