José María Larios (died 1829) was a Mexican

insurgent An insurgency is a violent, armed rebellion against authority waged by small, lightly armed bands who practice guerrilla warfare from primarily rural base areas. The key descriptive feature of insurgency is its asymmetric warfare, asymmetric na ...

who served as a

captain Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police department, election precinct, e ...

under the orders of

José María Morelos y Pavón José is a predominantly Spanish and Portuguese form of the given name Joseph. While spelled alike, this name is pronounced differently in each language: Spanish ; Portuguese (or ). In French, the name ''José'', pronounced , is an old vernacu ...

, working along with him during the

Siege of Cuautla The siege of Cuautla was a battle of the War of Mexican Independence that occurred from 19 February through 2 May 1812 at Cuautla, Morelos. The Spanish royalist forces loyal to the Spanish, commanded by Félix María Calleja, besieged the ...

. Also, he is recognised for having enacted a plan in 1829 to impose

Vicente Guerrero Vicente Ramón Guerrero (; baptized August 10, 1782 – February 14, 1831) was one of the leading revolutionary generals of the Mexican War of Independence. He fought against Spain for independence in the early 19th century, and later served as ...

President of Mexico The president of Mexico ( es, link=no, Presidente de México), officially the president of the United Mexican States ( es, link=no, Presidente de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos), is the head of state and head of government of Mexico. Under the Co ...

, after the events of the .

Military career

Participation in the Siege of Cuautla

José María Larios was in the army of José María Morelos during the Siege of Cuautla in 1812,Barreto Zamudio, Carlos; Reynoso Jaime, Irving; Pineda Gómez, Francisco ''et al.'' (2013). ''La revolución por escrito. Planes político-revolucionarios del estado de Morelos, siglos XIX y XX'' (PDF). Communication and Information Secretary. Morelos state government. as related by the Mexican historian

José María Luis Mora José María Luis Mora Lamadrid (12 October 1794, Chamacuero, Guanajuato – 14 July 1850, Paris, France) was a priest, lawyer, historian, politician and liberal ideologist. Considered one of the first supporters of liberalism in Mexico, he fough ...

in his work ''Méjico y sus revoluciones'' (1856): Records show that on January 25 1814, José María Larios was commissioned by general Morelos in Coyuca to conscript people and arms en route to Cuautla of Amilpas (today, Cuautla of Morelos) and the province of Chalco.Vázquez Chávez, Rafael (June 12, 2013)
«Cuando Morelos recordó el Sitio de Cuautla»
''El Sol de Cuautla''.Document available at the

Center for the Study of Mexican History The Carso Center for the Study of Mexican History (in Spanish: Centro de Estudios de Historia de México Carso, CEHM-Carso) is a Mexican cultural institution devoted to the research, preservation and dissemination of Mexico's historical prints and ...

of the Carlos Slim Foundation.

Fight against the Spanish Invasion of 1829

In November 1828, after the defeat of Vicente Guerrero in the presidential election against

Manuel Gómez Pedraza Manuel Gómez Pedraza y Rodríguez (22 April 1789 – 14 May 1851) was a Mexican general and president of his country from 1832 to 1833. Early life Manuel Gomez Pedraza was born in Queretaro and was an official in charge of militias during ...

, an uprising known as the Riot of La Acordada unfolded, disavowing the results of the election. In this context, on August 3 1829, José María Larios enacted in the city of Morelos (nowadays, Cuautla) a nine-point plan to combat

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

's latest attempt at reconquest, headed by general

Isidro Barradas Isidro Plácido Del Rosario Barrada y Valdéz was a Spanish general sent to Mexico in 1829, eight years after Mexican independence in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to reconquer the country for the Spanish Crown. The background The General ...

. Larios' plan proposed Vicente Guerrero as "dictator for life"; it called for the nationalisation of the goods of the ''gachupines'' (pejorative form to designate the Spaniards) and foreigners; and it appointed the group headed by Larios himself as "Primera Columna Justiciera del Sur" in order to fight the invaders in

Veracruz Veracruz (), formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave), is one of the 31 states which, along with Me ...

. According to the records, during this stage Larios was associated with attacks on

hacienda An ''hacienda'' ( or ; or ) is an estate (or ''finca''), similar to a Roman ''latifundium'', in Spain and the former Spanish Empire. With origins in Andalusia, ''haciendas'' were variously plantations (perhaps including animals or orchards), ...

s and thefts "in the name of the patriots and of general Guerrero".

References

1829 deaths Year of birth missing {{Mexico-mil-bio-stub