Joseph Turmel (13 December 1859

Rennes Rennes (; br, Roazhon ; Gallo: ''Resnn''; ) is a city in the east of Brittany in northwestern France at the confluence of the Ille and the Vilaine. Rennes is the prefecture of the region of Brittany, as well as the Ille-et-Vilaine department ...

(

Ille-et-Vilaine Ille-et-Vilaine (; br, Il-ha-Gwilen) is a department of France, located in the region of Brittany in the northwest of the country. It is named after the two rivers of the Ille and the Vilaine. It had a population of 1,079,498 in 2019.

) – February 1943) was a French

Catholic priest The priesthood is the office of the ministers of religion, who have been commissioned ("ordained") with the Holy orders of the Catholic Church. Technically, bishops are a priestly order as well; however, in layman's terms ''priest'' refers only ...

historian A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the stu ...

Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...

dogma Dogma is a belief or set of beliefs that is accepted by the members of a group without being questioned or doubted. It may be in the form of an official system of principles or doctrines of a religion, such as Roman Catholicism, Judaism, Islam ...

s, who was

excommunicated Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to end or at least regulate the communion of a member of a congregation with other members of the religious institution who are in normal communion with each other. The purpose ...

Biography

Joseph Turmel was born on December 13, 1859, in

, 142, rue de Saint-Malo. After studying at the seminaries of Rennes and

Angers Angers (, , ) is a city in western France, about southwest of Paris. It is the prefecture of the Maine-et-Loire department and was the capital of the province of Anjou until the French Revolution. The inhabitants of both the city and the prov ...

Studies and priestly activity

From 1876 to 1880, he studied philosophy and theology at the Major Seminary of the Archdiocese of Rennes, thereafter he continued until 1882 his studies at the Faculty of Theology of University of Angers.

Modernism and excommunication

He was excommunicated for

Modernism Modernism is both a philosophy, philosophical and arts movement that arose from broad transformations in Western world, Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The movement reflected a desire for the creation of new fo ...

as a ''

vitandus A ''vitandus'' (Latin for "one to be avoided") was someone affected by a rare and grave form of excommunication, in which the Catholic Church ordered, as a remedial measure, that the faithful were not to associate with an excommunicated individua ...

''. He is sometimes referred to as patristician.''The Contemporary World and the Bible'', by Claude Savart, Jean-Noël Aletti, Éditions Beauchesne, 1985, .

Works

Under his name * ''Histoire de l'angéologie, des temps apostoliques à la fin du v^e siècle'', ''Revue d'histoire et de littérature religieuses'', 3, 1898. * ''Histoire du dogme du péché originel'', Macon, Protat, 1904. * ''Tertullien'', Bloud, 1905 * ''Histoire de la théologie positive, du Concile de Trente au Concile du Vatican'', Paris, Beauchesne, 1906. ** vol.

** vol. I

* ''Histoire du dogme de la papauté, des origines jusqu'à la fin du IVe siècle'', Paris, Picard, 1908. * ''Histoire du diable'', Paris, Rieder, 1931. * ''Histoire des dogmes'', Rieder, 1931–1937, 6 vol., 3151 p. ** vol. I : ''Le péché originel. La rédemption'', 1931, 464 p. ** vol. II : ''La Trinité. L'Incarnation. La Vierge Marie'', 1932, 529 p. ** vol. III : ''La papauté'', 1933, 498 p. ** vol. IV : ''Le créationisme, les anges. La vie d'outre-tombe. Canon et inspiration des Écritures. La grâce sanctifiante'', 1935, 485 p. ** vol. V : ''La grâce actuelle, les sacrements en général, le baptême, la confirmation, l'eucharistie, le mariage'', 569 p. ** vol. VI : ''La pénitence, la confession, l'extrême-onction. L'ordre. Conclusion'', 1937, 547 p. * ''Comment j'ai donné congé aux dogmes'', Éd. de L'Idée libre, Bibliothèque du libre penseur, Herblay, 1935. Reissue under the title ''En Soutane. Mémoires'', Éd. des Malassis, 2016. * ''La Bible expliquée'', Herblay, Éd. de L'Idée libre, 1936. * ''Réfutation du catéchisme'', Herblay, Idée libre, 1937. * ''Comment l'Église romaine m'a donné congé'', Herblay, 1937. Reissue under the title ''En Soutane. Mémoires'', Ed. des Malassis, 2016. * ''Les Religions'', Herblay, Idée libre, 1938. * ''Le suaire de Turin'', suivi d'un « Courte histoire du faux suaire de Cadouin », Éd. de l’Idée libre, Bibliothèque du libre penseur, Herblay, 1938. * ''Dieu'', Herblay, Éd. de L'Idée libre, Bibliothèque du libre penseur, 1940. Works under pseudonyms: * Antoine Dupin, ''Le dogme de la Trinité dans les trois premiers siècles'', Paris, 1907. * Guillaume Herzog, ''La Sainte Vierge dans l'histoire.'' Paris, Nourry, 1908. * Henri Delafosse, ''Le quatrième Évangile'', Rieder, 1925 * Henri Delafosse, ''Les écrits de saint Paul'', Paris, Rieder, 1926–1928, 4 vol. ** vol. I : ''L'épître aux Romains'' ** vol. II : ''La première épître aux Corinthiens'' ** vol. III : ''La seconde épître aux Corinthiens'' ** vol. IV : ''L'épître aux Philippiens'' * Louis Coulange, ''La messe'', Rieder, 1927 * Armand Dulac (= Joseph Turmel) and Albert Houtin, ''Courte histoire du célibat ecclésiastique'', Rieder, 1929 * Louis Coulange, ''Catéchisme pour adultes'', Rieder, 1929-1930 ** vol. I : ''Les dogmes'' ** vol. II : ''Les institutions''

References

Bibliography

Articles: * Studies : *Dujardin, Édouard. ''Grandeur et décadence de la critique. Sa rénovation. Le cas de l'abbé Turmel.'' Paris, Messein, 1931. *Sartiaux, Félix. ''Joseph Turmel, prêtre, historien des dogmes.'' Paris, Rieder,

1931 Events January * January 2 – South Dakota native Ernest Lawrence invents the cyclotron, used to accelerate particles to study nuclear physics. * January 4 – German pilot Elly Beinhorn begins her flight to Africa. * January 22 – Sir I ...

. *Rivière, Jean. ''Le dogme de la Rédemption devant l'histoire, un plaidoyer de M. Turmel'', Paris, J. Gabalda & Cie,

1936 Events January–February * January 20 – George V of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India, dies at his Sandringham Estate. The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King E ...

. * Actes du colloque ''Actualité de l’œuvre anticléricale et antireligieuse de l’abbé Joseph Turmel à l’occasion du soixantenaire de sa disparition.'' éd LA LIBRE PENSEE 35 /association Joseph Turmel. * Département des manuscrits de la Bibliothèque nationale, documents concernant Joseph Turmel donnés par M^me Félix Sartiaux (n. a. fr. 17780-17792). (Signalés dans ''Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes'', 1985, vol. 143, , consultabl
en ligne
) {{DEFAULTSORT:Turmel, Joseph Freethought 1859 births 1943 deaths